2.7 Vietnam Cong Dan Khoa(1)

8/10/2019 2.7 Vietnam Cong Dan Khoa(1)

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OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes : Their benefits for global food securityPanama City, Panama 28-30 June 2011

Aquatic Animal Health Management

in Vietnam and Strategy for 5-yearsDevelopment

Department of Animal Health, VietnamNguyen Cong Dan and Le Van Khoa


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1. Vietnam aquaculture: General introduction Government support

2. Aquatic Animal Health Management: Structure of veterinary services Aquatic animal health system

StructureImportant and emerging diseases

3. Strategy for 5 years development of aquatic animalhealth (2011-2015) management system; human capacities and technical authority; national cooperation; and international co operations and private sector involvements

Contents:


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1. Overview of Vietnam

aquaculture


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South-East Asian borders

to China, Laos andCambodia.

Total area: 330,000 km 2

Population: 85.79 million(2009)

Agro-ecological regions.

63 provinces and cities.

Warm and humid climate


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Natural Resources of Vietnam

Land area 330,000 km 2

Coastline 3,260 km

EEZ 1,000,000 km 2

Climate: North: 9-39 C, South 20-35 C

Rainfall: 2,200 mm/yr

Mekong River, Red River and many smaller rivers


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Natural Resources for Aquaculture

Ponds 160,000 ha.

Lakes and reservoirs 340,000 ha

Rice fields 580,000 ha.

Coastal zone: mangrove, bays,

lagoons, inter-tidal area 700,000 ha.

Rivers and canals: Thousands km long


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Red River Delta

Mekong River Delta


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Family fish pond


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Rice fields: 580,000 ha


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Lakes and reservoirs: 340,000 ha


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Rivers and canals:

1,000s km long


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Coastal zone: mangroves, bays, lagoons,

inter-tidal areas: 700,000 ha.


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Intensive shrimp pond


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Model marine cage-culture


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Aquaculture Area Distribution (2010)

72%

19%

9%

Mekong River Delta

Red River Delta

Remaining area

9.4%

19.2%

71.4%

Mekong River DeltaRed River Delta

Remaining Area


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Aquatic Species Biodiversity 2,030 species of endemic fish

1,600 species of endemic crustaceans

2,500 species of endemic shellfish

many seaweed species

165 species of commercial importance71 fresh water, 49 brackish water, 45 marine

Major export species:

Aquaculture: Black tiger shrimp ( P. monodon ), white legshrimp ( L. vannamei ), Mekong catfish (Pangasius), lobsters,tilapia.

Capture: tuna, makeral, sardin and some others


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Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries Production

Year Aquaculture Capture

(tons) (tons) 1999 480,800 1,526,0002000 589,600 1,660,9002001 709,900 1,724,800

2002 844,800 1,802,6002003 1,003,100 1,856,1002004 1,202,500 1,940,0002005 1,478,000 1,987,000

2006 1,694,000 2,001,7002007 1,950,000 2,020,0002008 2,280,000 2,050,0002010 2,800,000 2,100,000


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Aquaculture Fish and Shrimp Production

Year Fish Shrimp(tons) (tons)1999 336,000 57,5002000 391,100 93,5002001 421,000 154,900

2002 486,400 186,2002003 604,400 237,9002004 761,600 281,8002005 971,200 327,2002006 1,148,000 354,600

2007 1,575,000 375,0002008 1,893,000 387,0002010 2,375,000 425,000


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82%

3%

15%

Mekong River Delta

Red River DeltaRemainingarea

67%

18%

15%

Shrimp and Fish Production Distribution (2010)

Shrimp Fish

3%15%

82%

67%18%

15%

Mekong River Delta

Red River DeltaRemaining Area


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Contribution of Fisheries

Export value (2010): US$ 5.02 billions Shrimps: US$ 2.1 billions Mekong river catfish (Pangasius): US$ 2.02 billions

Others: US$ 0.9 billions

Contribution to GDP (2010): 4% Job generation: 4.5 millions Fisheries supplies: 40 % of animal protein in Vietnamese

food Fish consumption: est. 15 kg/capita (highest 60kg/capita

in coastal regions)


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Law of Fisheries :

Aquaculture area planningFeed and chemicals used in aquacultureRights and responsibilities of aquaculture individuals/groups

Ordinal of Veterinary:

develop to animal health law (in process to submit to National Assembly in 2012)

Terrestrial animals Aquatic Animals: to be included

National Aquaculture Development Programme 224 for period 1999 2010 National Fisheries Development Plan: 2011 2020 National Fisheries Biotechnology Programme: 2007 2015

Government Support for Fisheries


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2. Aquatic Animal HealthManagement


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Structure of Veterinary Services

5 ProfessionalCenters

The National Centerfor Vet. Diagnosis

The NationalCenters for Qualitycontrol of Vet.Drugs No. 1, 2

The NationalCenters for Vet.Hygiene InspectionNo.1, 2

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTHFunctional Divisions:- Personnel and Administration- Epidemiology (Terrestrial)- Aquatic Animal Health

- Inspection & Quarantine- Drug & Vaccine Management- Legislation & Inspection- Plan (Inter. Cooperation & Sciences)- Finance

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREAND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

7 RegionalAnimal Health

Offices(RAHOs)

Regional SubDepartments ofAnimal Quarantineand Inspection inLang Son, Lao Caiand Quang Ninh

Provincial Sub-Departments of Animal Health

District VeterinaryStations

Domestic InspectionStations

Communal VeterinaryTeam

National Institute ofVeterinary Research

Veterinary Drug andVaccine Company


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Structure of Aquatic Animal Health

Ministry of Agriculture &Rural Development (MARD)

Ministry of Fisheries(MoFi)

NAFIQAVED

6 regional offices &57 provincial offices

Since Jan. 2008Before Jan. 2008

Department of Animal Health

7 regional offices

63 provincial sub-DAH

District Unit& Commune unit or

veterinarians

NAFIQAD

6 regional offices

Directorateof Fisheries

Provincial level(Setting-up)Provincial levelUnder development ALL seed, feeds,drugs, chemicalsand fertilizers usedin aquacultureMANAGED byNAFIQAVED


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Ministry of Agriculture &Rural Development (MARD)

Decision 1427 by MARD(JUNE 2009)

Department ofAnimal HealthNAFIQAD Directorateof Fisheries

Quality ofEXPORTEDaquatic products for

humanconsumption

Quality of fish seeds, feedsand fertilizers

Aquatic animal epidemiology and Surveillance

Quarantine and inspection of live aquaticanimals (import-export-domestic) andIMPORT aquatics animal products (except forhuman consumption)

Drugs, chemicals, probiotics

Hygienic practices in aquaculture

{

Structure of Aquatic Animal Health


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Important diseases in VietnamAquaculture

White Spot Disease Area affected accounts app. 10-20% (80,000 ha.) Taura Syndrome (TS)

No outbreak reported

Positive cases and mortality found

Yellow Head Disease (YHD) No outbreak reported

Positive cases and mortality found

Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) Cause slow growth Positive found 10-15% in seed populations

Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) First reported in 2009, No outbreaks reported

Recently found positive cases from imported white shrimp broodstocks


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Milky Lobster Disease First found in 2007, mortality accounted: 80 100% Species affected: Spiny lobsters (Panulirus ornatus and P.

homarus ) Causative pathogen: Rickettsia-like bacteria

Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture


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Enteric Septicaemia of Vietnamese Catfish Species affected: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Causative agent: Edwardsiella ictaluri



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Red Spot Disease of Carps Species affected: grass carp, black carp, common carp, Indian carps, Pathogen: Aeromonas hydrophilla



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Streptococosis in Tilapia First outbreak reported in August 2009 in northern provinces ofVietnam, losses up to 90% in the affected areas



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Vibriosis in Cobia and other marine species (grouper,red drum,)



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Emerging diseases Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome

First found in April 2011 in Mekong delta

Mortality: average 65% (90% in intensive cultured systems, most heavylosses in Soc Trang province)

Affected species: both P. monodon and L. vannamei

Unknown pathogen (to date) Clinical signs

Findings


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Emerging diseases Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome

Clinical signsIn early stages of the mortality, clinical signs were almost not clear.

P. monodon died at the age of 20-30 days post stocking (35-45 daysage),

while white leg shrimp L. vannamei died at the age of 30-35 days(45-50 days age).

slow growth rate,

loose shells,

and discoloration,swelled and soften liver,

atrophied hepatopancreas,

occasionally black spots in the necrosis hepatopancreas


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Emerging diseases Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome: Findings

(Prof. Dr. Don Lightner) Histology:

No lesions diagnostic of infection by the Necrotizinghepatopancreatitis bacteria G. {HP-B) or by microsporidians,

were detected.The main pathologies found within these hepatopancreastissues are suggestive of a toxic syndrome.The toxin responsible could possibly come from theenvironment (water, feed, etc.) or from some type of bacteria.

PCR: ALL submitted samples negative with:

NHP,Spiroplasma penaei,

Microsporidian: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei


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Other diseases/pathogens ofimportance

Diseases of coldwater fishes due to importation offertilized eggs of rainbow trout and sturgeon from EUcountries for incubation and aquaculture.

Diseases of mollusks: less research investment

Diseases of ornamental fish: less research investment

Fishborn Zoonotic Parasites: Metaceacaria stages ofliver fluke in fish

Diseases of Amphibians: Chytrid fungus? Diseases of wild aquatic animals: no investment (so far)


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3. Strategy for Development of Aquatic Animal Health

5 years (2011 to 2015)

National strategy for five years


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National strategy for five yearsdevelopment of aquatic animal health(2011 to 2015)

1) to build up management system of aquaticanimal health;

2) to improve human capacities and technicalauthority; 3) to strengthen national cooperation; and

4) to strengthen international co operations andprivate sector involvements


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National strategy

1) to build up management system of aquatic animal health: Fully operation from central government to localities;

Legislations and regulations

Sufficient man-power for management;

Sufficient infrastructures; Investment on:

Development and application of the eradication programmes forimportant diseases of aquatic species

Strengthen of aquatic animal disease surveillance system base onOIE guidelines Application of GMP in veterinary drugs production Strengthen quarantine and inspection of fish and fisheries products

import/export based on OIE guideline on aquatic animal health code


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National strategy

2) to improve human capacities and technical authority andcapability on: Epidemiology and surveillance,

disease reporting risk analysis,

laboratory diagnosis,

disease control and warning;

quarantine and inspection; and drug management.


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National strategy

3) to strengthen national cooperation between DAH with: National Agro Forestry Fisheries Quality Assurance Department

(NAFIQAD);

Directorate of Fisheries;

Research Institutes for Aquaculture No.1, 2 and 3 (RIA.1,2&3)

Can Tho University;

Nong Lam University, Nha Trang University;

Fisheries colleges Private sectors: VASEP, VINAFIS,


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National strategy4) to strengthen international cooperation:

OIE Disease reporting Reference laboratories: diagnostic assistance, supports and consultancies;

trainings and education; calibration programmes; and finding newdiseases/problems

FAO/NACA Consultancies, Trainings and education, finding new diseases Assisting for financial support to strentheng aquatic animal health system and

application of OIE standards

WCS (Wild Animal Conservation Society)

CITES CODEX WTO/SPS Privates and Associations


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Thank you very much

2.7 Vietnam Cong Dan Khoa(1)

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