26.2 The Cold War Heats Up

Lesson Objective: To understand how Communist Governments seized control in China and Korea

Essential Questions: Why did communism spread to these nations?

Key Terms• Mao Zedong• Chiang Kai-shek• Taiwan• 38th Parallel• Korean War

Key Dates• May 1949 – Mao Zedong is victorious in Chinese Civil War• June 25, 1950- North Korea invades South Korea• June 27, 1950- U.N. adopts American resolution to aid South Korea• September 15, 1950- Battle of Inchon • November 25, 1950- Chinese forces enter the war• January 4, 1951- Seoul falls for second time• April 11, 1951- MacArthur is fired• July 1953- Armistice is signed

Chinese Civil War• Civil War between the

communists and the nationalists• Communist – Mao Zedong in

North• Nationalist – Chiang Kai-shek in

South

• Stopped war in 1937 to fight Japanese • War resumed in 1946 • By 1950 Communist forces had

effectively taken over country• Chiang Kai-shek’s government

fled to Taiwan

Why did the Nationalists lose?Chiang Kai-shek• Dependent on

US• Corrupt• Oppressive• Weak military

leadership• Could not win

support of the peasants

Mao Zedong• Dependent on

USSR• Effective

propaganda • Peasants

supported• Land reform/

distribution

• Experienced guerilla fighters

Korean War• Soviets and U.S. split Korea at 38th

Parallel• South Korea• Capitol- Seoul • Leader- Syngman Rhee

• North Korea• Capitol - Pyongyang• Leader – Kim Il Sung

• Both claimed to rule the entirety of Korea• North Korea invades • UN intervenes- By August North

Korean Forces had surrounded the UN forces around Pusan

The United States in Korea• September 15, 1950

• MacArthur launches surprise invasion at Inchon• Half of N. Korean Army is trapped and surrendered

• Rest retreat back into North Korea

• U.N. passes new resolution authorizing forces to move into North Korea• China warns U.N. forces not to cross 38th parallel • Nov 25- Chinese forces move across Yalu river and attack

American forces• By Jan 1951 forces were stalemated near the Korean border• MacArthur recommends attacking China and the use of

nuclear weapons- • would this have been wise?

• “the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy.” -Omar N. Bradley

MacArthur vs Truman and the end of the War• Truman and MacArthur had a very public feud over

the course of the war• MacArthur went to the Press and Republican leaders

• April 11, 1951- Truman finally relieves MacArthur of command • MacArthur was considered hero when he returned to

U.S.

• In June 1951 peace talks started• Two years later armistice signed• Left things the same as when the war started- status

quo

• Think, Write, Pair, Share:• What was the most important result of the Korean

War?

• Korea proved 1. Wars could be limited2. Nuclear weapons did not have to be used

Quiz 26.2

1. Chiang Kai-Shek2. Mao Zedong3. Syngman Rhee4. Kim Il Sung5. 38th parallel

a) Line that divided North and South

Korea

b) Leader of North Korea

c) Leader of Communist China

d) Leader of South Korea

e) Leader of nationalist China

f) South Korean general

g) U.N. Secretary General