26:1 Origins of the Cold War

U.S. v. U.S.S.R

• Capitalism v. Communism• Democracy v. communism

• Nonaggression Pact• Delay in Western Europe Attack

• Atomic Bomb

United Nations

• 1945 NYC• Superpowers use UN to promote own

agenda Security Council v.

General Assembly

Harry S. Truman33rd President

• FDR April 12, 1945• Clueless but decisive

Potsdam ConferenceBig Three

• Truman, Stalin, Churchill/Attlee• Issues

– Eastern European elections– Free trade

Satellite Nations

• Buffer zone• Raw materials/market for goods

Cold War 1945-1991

• Europe Divided• Truman foreign policy: containment• Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech

Truman Doctrine

• Containment• Greek Civil War• Turkey• $400 million

Marshall Plan

• Conditions in Europe• 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall• $13 billion to 16 countries• Western Europe and US economies flourished

Marshall Plan

German Reunification

• Allies combine western zones• Berlin blockade

Berlin Airlift

• Operation Vittles• Stats• Supplies• effects

Federal Republic of GermanyWest Germany

German Democratic RepublicEast Germany

NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Defensive military alliance• U.S. peacetime military alliance

26:2 Cold War Heats Up

China

• U.S. Chiang Kai-shek/ Nationalists• weaknesses

•U.S.S.R. Mao Zedong/ Communists• strengths

China

China’s Civil War

• U.S. sent $3 billion-no troops-Containment fails!• 2 Chinas

– Nationalist China-Taiwan– People’s Republic of China

South KoreaRepublic of Korea

• U.S. occupied south of 38th parallel• Seoul

North KoreaPeople’s Republic of Korea

• USSR-north of 38th parallel• Kim Il sung• Pyongyang

Korean War 1950-1953

• June 25, 1950 North invades South• United Nations

– Soviet Veto?• General MacArthur-US led UN Coalition

Northern Advances

• Cross 38th

• Take Seoul• Push to Pusan

MacArthur’s Counterattack

• Inchon Landing• Push north from Pusan• Trapped ½ north Korean army• N. Korean army retreats across 38th

UN/US troops advance into North Korea

• Cross the 38th??

• Push to the Yalu River

China enters Korean War

• 300,000 cross the Yalu• Push UN/US back across the 38th

• Seoul

• Who is fighting who???

1951 Stalemate

• General Mac Arthur’s plan to end the stalemate-attack China– Blockade– Nukes– Invasion

• Implications

MacArthur v. Truman

• Limited war in Korea• No war against China• MacArthur undermines Truman’s authority• MacArthur fired• “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away”

Armistice in Korea

• 38th parallel• DMZ at the 38th

• Costs– 54,000– $67 billion

• Success????

North v. South Korea todayNorth:22 million

1,800/year

4 TV stations

3 internet hosts

South:

48 million

27,700/year

57 TV stations

300,000 internet hosts

United States of America

307 million$47,5002,218 TV stations383 million internet hosts