26 fountains _water as an element of social cohesion

26 FOUNTAINSWater as an element of social cohesion

TEAM MEMBERS AND CONTACT

Eduardo Costa PintoPortugalApril 13, 1981

Rua Ramada Curto, 62820-234 Almada+ 351 964 027 207+ 351 964 027 [email protected]

Nelson Bastos FerreiraPortugalSeptember 29, 1981

Rua Luís de Queiroz, 11 1d 2800-697 Almada+ 351 962 896 [email protected]@me.com

Pedro Campos CostaPortugalOctober 5, 1972

Rua dos Sapateiros, 44 3d1100-579 Lisboa+ 351 964 150 [email protected]@camposcosta.com

The main problem, arising from the "social fallout of recession" and "cultural and civic

deficit raging in crisis-ridden Europe", is in our opinion the current crisis of values, that is reflected in a financial and economic crisis. We believe that the amazing amount of cheap energy that in the last decades gave way to a disconnection with the biophysics structures of the city, is also ireflected directly in the planning strategy of Lisbon through the absence of a consequent dialogue between the various stakeholders who live and govern the city..

“(...) an imense construction work of gorgeous aqueducts that will last eternally(...)”

This phrase inscribed in the Amoreiras Arch is the motto of the project "Water as an element of social cohesion", which aims to reactivate a set of 26 fountains, which are part of the ancient system of water distribution and the collective memory of city. The Aguas Livres Aqueduct, the most visible structure of this complex system, started in 1731 with the aim of solving water absence, which always afflicted the City of Lisbon, today lost its original purpose. The same happened to most fountains that were

connected to it, that ensured the water transport to lower areas of the city, and which are now framed in an urban Lisbon in constant mutation and crossed through by a big net of roads .

We see the water as a possibility to connect communities and to make this link with what are the landscape-nature structures of the city. We are also part of nature, man finds his social activities through the interconnection of activities. We want this project to rise awareness of the importance of water in the city and use that as a possibility to build up social cohesion.

The project, to be conducted in three phases, intends to reactivate the whole system through a process that encourages dialogue between residents and local authorities (neighborhood associations, parish councils, etc.), mobilizing communities around each of the fountains in order to bring back the water and the citizens to those noble spaces of the city (fig. 2).

In a first phase, is the stage for raising media attention and awareness of the

existing of the problem, through the media. Using Lisbon Architecture Triennale as a medium, taking place between September 12 and December 15 (only during week-ends) will be installed a network of intercoms, in each of the fountains, allowing, through open-channel, that anyone can use this technology to communicate with another person and hear the soundscape of another fountain (fig. 3). Through this installation we intend to establish a new network between the system of fountains (fig. 1), encouraging dialogue between people and capturing media attention. With the aim to retrieve the popular imaginary also will be installed in each of the fountains a speaker which plays the sound of running water, currently lacking in most of these structures.The second phase will correspond to the process for mobilizing communities towards organizing themselves in order to obtain the necessary support to carry out the restoration work (fig. 4).The third and last phase, corresponds to the restoration of each of the fountains, even if this looks a bit utopic we believe that it should be possible to bring water back into the fountains,”as a metaphor” (fig. 5).

26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013

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Budget and Schedule

Research and logistics

Installation 26 fountains

Civil society engagement

Fountains with water

1st PhaseResearch and logistics June - September 200 €

Installation - woki toki + speakerslogistics

August - September 1800 €

Logistics on site September - December 500 €

TOTAL 2500 €

2nd and 3rd PhaseIt will be suported by sponsors and the residents' association (Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish, Sao Domingos de Benfica, Sao Francisco Xavier’s and Santa Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish, Penha de Franca, Alcantara); the basic work is mettings and burocratic works, contacts with the local authorities. This work will start during the Lisbon Architecture Triennale and it will be helped by the media attention of the event.

It will be suported by sponsors and the residents' association (Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish, Sao Domingos de Benfica, Sao Francisco Xavier’s and Santa Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish, Penha de Franca, Alcantara); the basic work is mettings and burocratic works, contacts with the local authorities. This work will start during the Lisbon Architecture Triennale and it will be helped by the media attention of the event.




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Conceptual Plan and Public Fountains

Fig. 1 - Location plan of fountains and communication network proposal between them.


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1. KING’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN1. KING’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 2. INNER PUBLIC FOUNTAIN2. INNER PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Terreiro do Trigo’s Square

Santo Estevao’s Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown

Architect: unknown

Current state: no water

Inner Public Fountain’s Square

Santo Estevao’s Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown

Architect: unknown


3. SAO PAULO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN3. SAO PAULO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 4. JANELAS VERDES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN4. JANELAS VERDES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Sao Paulo’s Square

Sao Paulo’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1848

Architect: Malaquias Ferreira Leal


Doutor José de Figueiredo Square

Prazeres’ Civil ParishConstruction date: 1775

Architect: Reinaldo M. dos Santos


5. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ARMADA’S SQUARE5. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ARMADA’S SQUARE 6. NECESSIDADES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN6. NECESSIDADES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Armada’s Square


Architect: unknown


Necessidades’ Square


Architect: Manuel C. de Sousa (atribuído)

Current state: water

7. JUNQUEIRA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN7. JUNQUEIRA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 8. BOA HORA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN8. BOA HORA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Junqueira’s Street

Alcantara’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1821

Architect: Honorato José Correia de Macedo e Sá


Calhariz’s New Street

Ajuda’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1838

Architect: unknown



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9. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF MASTRO’S SQUARE9. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF MASTRO’S SQUARE 10. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF CARMO’S SQUARE10. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF CARMO’S SQUARE

Mastro’s Square

Pena’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1848

Architect: Malaquias Ferreira LealSculptor: Alexandre Gomes


Carmo’s Square

Sacramento’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1769

Architect: Miguel Ângelo de Blasco(atribuído)


11. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF PRINCESA’S SQUARE11. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF PRINCESA’S SQUARE 12. FORMOSA STREET’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN12. FORMOSA STREET’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Princesa’s Square (Pedrouços)

S. Maria de Belem’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1851

Architects: Malaquias Ferreira Leal,Félix José da Costa


Seculo’s Street

Santa Catarina’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1762

Architect: Carlos Mardel


13. MAE DE AGUA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN13. MAE DE AGUA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 14. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF FLORES’ SQUARE14. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF FLORES’ SQUARE

Mae de Agua’s Street

Sao Jose’s Civil ParishConstruction date: XVIIIth century

Architect: unknown


Flores’ Square

Merces’ Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown

Architect: unknown


15. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF RATO’S SQUARE15. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF RATO’S SQUARE 16. FONTE SANTA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN16. FONTE SANTA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Rato’s Square

Sao Mamede’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1754



Possidonio da Silva Street

Prazeres’ Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown

Architect: unknown



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17. ARCO CAVALHAO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN17. ARCO CAVALHAO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 18. PENHA DE FRANCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN18. PENHA DE FRANCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Arco do Carvalhao’s Street

Campolide’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1823

Architect: Reinaldo M. dos Santos


Penha de Franca’s Square

Penha de Franca’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1870

Architect: unknown


19. CONVALESCENCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN19. CONVALESCENCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 20. LARANJEIRAS’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN20. LARANJEIRAS’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Benfica’s Road

S. Domingos Benfica’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1817

Architect: unknown


Laranjeiras’ Square


Architect: Manuel dos Santos, Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas


21. BENFICA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN21. BENFICA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 22. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ANDALUZ’S SQUARE22. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ANDALUZ’S SQUARE

Benfica’s Road


Architect: Manuel dos Santos, Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas


Andaluz’s Square

Coracao de Jesus’ Civil ParishConstruction date: 1336

Architect: unknown


23. S. SEBASTIAO DA PEDREIRA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN23. S. SEBASTIAO DA PEDREIRA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 24. ENTRE-CAMPOS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN24. ENTRE-CAMPOS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

S. Sebastiao da Pedreira’s Street

S. Sebastiao Pedreira’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1791

Architect: Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas


Entrecampos’ Street

Alvalade’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1851

Architect: unknown



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25. MOURAS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN25. MOURAS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 26. ESPERANCA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN26. ESPERANCA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN

Correio-Mor’s Square

Lumiar’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1815

Architect: José Therésio Michelotti


D. Carlos I Avenue

Santos-o-Velho’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1768



Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain - Case Study

Fig. 2 - Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain in 1904.


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1st Phase

Fig. 3 - Installation of intercoms and speakers concerning the first phase.

In a first phase, is the stage for raising media attention and awareness of the existing of the problem, through the media. Using Lisbon Architecture Triennale as a medium, taking place between September 12 and December 15 (only during week-ends) will be installed a network of intercoms, in each of the fountains, allowing, through open-channel, that anyone can use this technology to communicate with another person and hear the soundscape of another fountain (fig. 3). Through this installation we intend to establish a new network between the system of fountains (fig. 1), encouraging dialogue between people and capturing media attention. With the aim to retrieve the popular imaginary also will be installed in each of the fountains a speaker which plays the sound of running water, currently lacking in most of these structures.


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2nd Phase

Fig. 4 - Participatory process organized by the residents' association during the second phase.

The second phase will correspond to the process for mobilizing communities towards organizing themselves in order to obtain the necessary support to carry out the restoration work (fig. 4).


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3rd Phase

Fig. 5 - Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain after completing the reactivation process.

The third and last phase, corresponds to the restoration of each of the fountains, even if this looks a bit utopic we believe that it should be possible to bring water back into the fountains,”as a metaphor” (fig. 5).


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Bibliography

Caetano, Joaquim O.; "Chafariz, Bicas e Poços", in Santana, Francisco; Sucena, Eduardo; Dicionário da História de Lisboa, Lisboa, Carlos Quintas e Associados, 1994, pp. 268 - 270

Viegas, Inês, M.; Dias, Luísa C.; Lisboa e o Aqueduto - Lisbon and the Aqueduct, Lisboa, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1997, pp. 101


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26 fountains _water as an element of social cohesion

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