Cellular RespirationHow our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

EngageATP GunAdenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)AdenosineRibose Sugar3 Phosphates

Explore:Cellular Respiration SimulationTo review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding students in understanding the relationship among glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC. See the diagram for the simulation layout.

Explore:Muscle FatigueYou will be using a procedure to experience and explore lactic acid buildup in muscles.

Explain:Where do our cells get energy?6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cellWhat type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars?CarbohydratesCells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP energy

Overall Chemical Process

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy(ATP)

Cellular Respiration (3-stages)GlycolysisKrebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)Electron Transport Chain (ETC)GlucoseGlycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transportFermentation (without oxygen)Alcohol or lactic acid

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FlowchartSection 9-2Glucose (C6H1206)+Oxygen (02)GlycolysisKrebs CycleElectron Transport ChainCarbon Dioxide(CO2)+Water(H2O)+ATPCellular Respiration

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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainGlycolysis:Step 12 Pyruvic acid

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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid

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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid

Where CytoplasmNO O2 required Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP6-C glucose TWO 3-C pyruvatesFree e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+(nicotinamide dinucleotide)

SummaryInGlucose (6-C)2 ATP

Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C)2NADHa net of 2 ATP

QuestionsWhere does glycolysis take place?Glycolysis energy yield?Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

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The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion

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Figure 96The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion

Breakdown of Pyruvic AcidWhere mitochondriaPyruvate (3-C) Acetic acid (2-C)3rd C forms CO2Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA

SummaryInPyruvateNADCoAOutCO2 (as waste)NADHAcetyl-CoA

What is releasing Energy with O2?Aerobic respiration Where In mitochondria

Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)Where Mitochondrial matrixEnergy Yield 2 ATP and more e-Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACIDCitric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 moleculeNAD+ and FAD pick up the released e-FAD becomes FADH2NAD+ becomes NADH + H+Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule

Krebs Cycle

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The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion

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Figure 96The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion

ETCWhere inner membrane of mitochondriaEnergy Yield Total of 32 ATPO2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2OExhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration

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Electron Transport ChainSection 9-2Electron TransportHydrogen Ion MovementATP ProductionATP synthaseChannelInner MembraneMatrixIntermembrane SpaceMitochondrion

Summary

Total ENERGY YieldGlycolysis 2 ATPKrebs Cycle 2 ATPETC 32 ATP

Total 36 ATP

Elaboration Respiration LabThree experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration

What happens if NO O2?Cellular respiration process STOPS

Aerobic vs. AnaerobicAnaerobic DOES NOT require oxygenSimplefast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP)Aerobic requires oxygenYields large amounts of energyWhat is this energy molecule?ATP, ATP, ATP

Releasing Energy w/out OxygenAnaerobic RespirationNO Additional ATP is Formed

NO O2 leads to FermentationTwo TypesLactic Acid FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentationbacteria, plants and most animals

After glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid

Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise

Alcoholic FermentationBacteria and fungi (yeast)

Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products

Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beveragesAlso used to raise dough, bread

Cellular Respiration ReviewThree Main StagesGlycolysis (2 ATP)Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainGlycolysis:Step 12 Pyruvic acid

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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid

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Figure 93GlycolysisGlucoseTo the electron transport chainSection 9-12 Pyruvic acid

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The Krebs Cycle: Step 2Citric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion

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Figure 96The Krebs CycleCitric Acid ProductionSection 9-2Mitochondrion

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Electron Transport Chain: Step 3Section 9-2Electron TransportHydrogen Ion MovementATP ProductionATP synthaseChannelInner MembraneMatrixIntermembrane SpaceMitochondrion

EvaluationCellular Respiration Concept Map