26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters. Carboxylic Acids (Organic Acids) Functional group: carboxyl...
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Transcript of 26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters. Carboxylic Acids (Organic Acids) Functional group: carboxyl...
26-3: Carboxylic 26-3: Carboxylic Acids and EstersAcids and Esters26-3: Carboxylic 26-3: Carboxylic Acids and EstersAcids and Esters
Carboxylic Acids (Organic Acids)
• Functional group: carboxyl (combines carbonyl and hydroxyl) _______
• General formula: _____ or R-COOH
Naming Carboxylic Acids
• IUPAC1. Name longest hydrocarbon chain,
add “-oic acid” to root word.2. Name any branches as necessary.
Properties of Carboxylic Acids
• Long chain carboxylic acids are known as fatty acids.
• Very polar; soluble in water.• Undergo hydrogen bonding,
therefore higher boiling points.
Esters• Functional group: __________• General formula: ____ (R-COOR)• Formed from rxn of an alcohol and
a carboxylic acid.
Naming Esters• Based on the alcohol and
carboxylic acid it formed from.• Change the name of the alcohol to
end in –yl.• Take the name of the acid and add
“–oate” to it (if IUPAC) or “-ate” (if common.
Ester examples• Ester formed by reacting ethanol
and propanoic acid.– Ethyl propanoate
• Ester formed by reacting formic acid and propanol.– Propyl formate
Properties of Esters• Polar, but do not form hydrogen
bonds. Therefore, boiling points are lower than alcohols or acids.
• Have very distinctive fragrances (ex: orange, banana, apple, wintergreen, rum, pineapple)