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Protists

Diversity of Protists

Protozoans

Slime Molds

Algae

Ecological Role & Disease

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D iversity of Protists

A. Characteristics

B. Structure and Function

C. Modes of Nutrition

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A. Characteristics

1. Eukaryotic2. Catch All

3. Unicellular, multicellular, orcolonial (groups)_

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B . Structure and Function

1. Extremely diversea. very complex cell

structure

b. perform all the functionsof other eukaryotes

2. Grouped by type of nutrition_

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C. Modes of Nutrition

1. Protozoans (animal-like)a. heterotrophs that ingest

food

b. classified by how theymove_

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2. Slime molds (fungus-like)a. heterotrophs that absorb

nutrients

b. live in cool damp places

c. feed on bacteria &decaying plant matter

d. have a unique life cycle_

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3. Algae (plant-like)a. are autotrophs

b. can be unicellular,multicellular, or colonial

c. make up planktoncommunities

d. can be classified bycolor_

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THE END

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Protozoans

A. Zoomastigophora

B. SarcodiniansC. Ciliaphorans

D. Apicomplexans

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1. Zooflagellates move by one ormore flagella

2. Giardia

a. contains 2 nuclei and lackmitochondria

b. believed to be closelyrelated to prokaryotes

c. carried by animals

d. spread by contaminatedwater_

A. Zoomastigophora

Click

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3. Trypanosomaa. causes African sleeping

sickness (spread bytse-tse fly)

c. Chagas disease SouthAmerica, spread bykissing bug_

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4 . Leishmaniaa. causes fatal disease

b. spread by sandflies_

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1. Sarcodinians move byextensions of the cytoplasmcalled pseudopodia

2. Also use pseudopodia forfeeding (phagocytosis)_

B . Sarcodina

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2. Amoebaa. some cause amoebic

dysentery_

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3. Foraminifera (forams)a. have porous shells made

of calcium carbonate(CaCO3)

b. shell (test) buildup formslimestone

c. zooplankton

d. sticky, thread-likepseudopodia_

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4 . Heliozoans and Radiolarians_

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1. Move by hair-like extensionscalled cilia

2. Paramecium

a. sweep food into body bycilia

b. pellicle thin layersupporting cellmembrane and givingshape

c. trichocysts toxic

threads for capturingfood, defense, andanchoring

d. reproduce by fission orconjugation _

C. Ciliophora

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3. Stentor_

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4 . Stylonychia_

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5 . Vorticella_

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1. Have no means of movement

a. act as parasites_

D. A picomplexans(Sporozoa)

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2. Plasmodiuma. causes malaria

b. sporozoites - contractedfrom anophales mosquito

c. merozoites - reproduce inblood_

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3. Toxoplasmaa. deadly to newborns

b. spread by cats_

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THE END

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Slime Molds

A. Plasmodial Slime Molds

B. Cellular Slime MoldsC. Water Molds & Mildews

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B . Cellular Slime Molds

(A

crasiomycota)1. Cellular slime molds feed as

individual amoeba-like cells(N)

2. When food and water supplies

are low it reproducesa. forms a slug-like colony

(pseudoplasmodium)

b. then fruiting body(sporangia)_

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C. Water Molds &D

owny Mildews (Oomycota)

1. Cell wall made of cellulose

2. Body made of hyphae

3. Water molds decomposedead organisms in watera. some are parasites

4 . Downy mildews are spreadby the wind

a. responsible for the Irishpotato famine_

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THE END

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A lgae

A. Characteristics

B. PyrrophytaC. Chrysophyta

D. Euglenophyta

E. Phaeophyta

F. RhodophytaG. Chlorophyta

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A. Characteristics

1. Unicellular Gametangia2. Develop in H2O

3. Color Variants4 . Structure variants including

various skeletons (shells)5 . Multicellular Types Thallus

6. Pyrenoids common

7. Chlorophyll (a) is universal

8. Phytoplankton Unicellularalgae (Food and O 2)_

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B . Pyrrophyta

1. Dinoflagellatesa. unicellular

b. most have two flagella

c. cell wall made ofinterlocking cellulosearmor

d. chlorophyll a and c,carotenes, starch foodstorage

2. Some

a. bioluminescent

b. cause red tide

c. produce toxins_

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C. Chrysophyta (Goldenalgae)

1. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

a. contain cell walls made ofsilica and cellulose

b. centric or pennate shells(valves)

c. chrysolaminarin foodstorage

d. diatomaceous earth -gritty, used intoothpaste, cleansers,and filters

e. fresh water species formcysts (ice or drying)

f. later can form petroleum_

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D. Euglenophyta

1. Euglenoidsa. photosynthesize or

ingest food (someparasitic)

b. lack cell wall (protein rich

pellicle)c. eyespot helps them find

light

d. paramylon food storage

e. unicellular

f. closely related tozooflagellates_

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1. Brown algaea. multicellular

b. chlorophyll a and c, browncarotenoid fucoxanthin

c. laminarin food storage

d. giant kelp can reach up to50 meters in length

e. root-like holdfast, stem-like stipe, leaf-likeblade, air bladders

f. cell wall cellulose andalginic acid (cosmetics,drugs, ice cream_

E . Phaeophyta

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1. Red algaea. multicellular lack flagella

b. contain pigments thatallow them to capturelight in deep water

(27 0 m)c. chlorophyll a and d,

phycobilins(phycoerythrin)

d. starch food storage

e. cell wall cellulose or pectinf. carageenan sticky

polysachride on cellulosecell wall used incosmetics, gelatin

capsules, cheese andagar_

F. Rhodophyta

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G. Chlorophyta

1. Green algaea. are believed to be the

closest relatives toplants (chlorophyll a andb, carotenes,xanthophills)

b. unicellular, multicellular,colonial, or filamentous

c. volvox live in colonies

d. spirogyra is filamentous

with spiral chloroplastse. ulva (sea lettuce) has

alternation ofgenerations like plants,but isogametes insteadof heterogametes_

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oedogonium_

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chlamydomonas_

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desmids_

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protococcus_

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THE END

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Ecological Roles & D isease

A. Ecological Role

B. Disease

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A. Ecological Role

1. Provide habitat for marine life2. Act as a major food source in

the water_

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B . D isease

1. Giardia- giardiasis2. Trypanosoma- sleeping

sickness

3. Dinoflagellates- red tide_

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4 . Amoeba- amoebic dysentery5 . Plasmodium- malaria (anemia)

(quinine resistance)_

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THE END

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D iversity of Protists

A. Origin of Eukaryotes

B. CharacteristicsC. Structure and Function

D. Modes of Nutrition

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C. Structure and Function

1. Extremely diversea. very complex cell

structure

b. perform all the functionsof other eukaryotes

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Protozoans

A. Zooflagellates

B. SarcodiniansC. Ciliaphorans

D. Apicomplexans

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1. Sarcodinians move byextensions of the cytoplasm(pseudopodia)

B . Sarcodinians

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3. Foramsa. have porous shells made

of calcium carbonate

b. shell buildup formslimestone

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3. Foramsa. have porous shells made

of calcium carbonate

b. shell buildup formslimestone

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4 . Radiolarians

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4 . Radiolarians

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4 . Radiolarians

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A. Plasmodial Slime Molds

1. Plasmodial slime molds feed asa single mass of cytoplasm

2. When food and water suppliesare low it reproduces by afruiting body

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A. Plasmodial Slime Molds

1. Plasmodial slime molds feed asa single mass of cytoplasm

2. When food and water suppliesare low it reproduces by afruiting body

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B . Cellular Slime Molds

1. Cellular slime molds feed asindividual amoeba-like cells

2. When food and water suppliesare low it reproduces

a. forms a slug-like colony

b. then fruiting body

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C. Water Molds & Mildews

1. Water molds decompose deadorganisms in water

a. some are parasites

2. Downy mildews are spread bythe wind

a. responsible for the Irishpotato famine

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C. Water Molds & Mildews

1. Water molds decompose deadorganisms in water

a. some are parasites

2. Downy mildews are spread bythe wind

a. responsible for the Irishpotato famine

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A. D inoflagellates

1. Dinoflagellatesa. have two flagella

b. cell wall made of cellulose

c. causes red tide

2. Some can produce light_

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B . D iatoms

1. Diatoms contain cell wallsmade of glass

a. gritty, used in toothpasteand cleansers

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B . D iatoms

1. Diatoms contain cell wallsmade of glass

a. gritty, used in toothpasteand cleansers

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B . D iatoms

1. Diatoms contain cell wallsmade of glass

a. gritty, used in toothpasteand cleansers

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C. Euglenoids

1. Euglenoidsa. photosynthesize and

absorb food

b. lack cell wall

c. eyespot helps them findlight

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D. Seaweeds

1. Seaweeds are largemulticellular marine algae

2. Green algae

a. are believed to be theclosest relatives to

plantsb. volvox live in colonies

c. spirogyra has spiralchloroplasts

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4 . Brown algaea. giant kelp can reach up to

50 meters in length

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Ecological Roles & D isease

A. Ecological Role

B. Disease

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3. Form symbiotic relationshipsthat can help others

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B . D isease

1. Giardia- diarrhea

2. Trypanosoma- blood diseases

3. Dinoflagellates- red tide

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B . Pyrrophyta

1. Dinoflagellates

a. unicellular

b. most have two flagella

c. cell wall made ofinterlocking cellulosearmor

d. chlorophyll a and c,carotenes, starch foodstorage

2. Some

a. bioluminescent

b. cause red tide

c. produce toxins_

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ulva_