..2559
THE EFFECT OF EXPERIENCE MANAGEMENT BY USING EDUCATIONAL GAMES ON MATHEMATICAL ABILITY
OF EARLY CHILDHOOD STUDENTS
SUPITCHA TONTAN
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Education Degree in Curriculum and Instruction
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University 2016
Copyright of Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University
(1)

1) 2) 70 3) 4-5 1 1 2558 2 11 1) 20 2) 0.740.77 0.76 (Chi-square) Wilcoxon 1) 11 100.00 2) 70 70 .05 3) .05
Abstract Title The Effect of Experience Management by Using Educational
Games on Mathematical Ability of Early Childhood Students Author Mrs. SupitchaTontan Advisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Walaiporn Mektrairat Program Curriculum and Instruction Academic Year 2015 _____________________________________________________________________________ The objectives of this research were 1) to study the mathematical abilities of children, 2) to study the number of early childhood students that have been experienced by using educational games on mathematical ability and passed the standard criterion of 70 percent of the total scores, 3) to compare the mathematical abilities of early childhood students before and after the experience of using educational games. The sample group in this research was early childhood students at the age of 4 to 5 years who are studying in the Kindergarten 1 at Bandongyen School, under the Office of Kamphaeng phet Primary Educational Service Area 2. This research was conducted in first semester, academic year 2015. The participants were 11 early childhood students selected by the group sampling technique. The research instruments used include: 1)the 20 lesson plans of using educational games in experiential learning management and 2) a practical test to measure mathematical abilities with the measurement reliability coefficient of 0.74,comparison reliability coefficient of 0.77 and sorting reliability coefficient of 0.76.The statistics used for the analysis were percentage, standard deviation (S.D) and the statistics used in testing hypothesis were chi-square and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results showed that 1) the 11 early childhood students (100 percent) have the level of mathematical ability at a good level, 2) the total early childhood students (70 percent) who have been experienced by using educational games passed over 70 percent of the full score of mathematical ability test with the 0.05 level of significance, 3) the early childhood students who have been taught by using educational games have higher scores on the posttest of mathematical abilities than those of the pretest with the level of statistical significance at 0.05.
(3)

2
6
10
11
13
5.1.4.2 /
5.1.4.5 ( / ) 5.1.4.6 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2
15
(2547, . 66) / 3 – 5
(2547, .90) (2551, .57) (2551, .142)
(2553, .141)
(2555, .17) 2. (2549, .180)
22
2. 3. () (2551, .143)
1. 2.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(2557, .254) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

2. 2.1
3. 3.1 3.2 3.3
4. () 4.1 4.2
24
6. () 7. () 8.
Kolumbus(1979, pp. 141-149; , 2551, .196) 6 1. (Manipulative games) 2. (Didactic games) 3. (Physical games) 4. (Language games) 5. (Card games) 6. (Special games) (2541, . 52-69; , 2557, .254-263) 1. 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4
25
3. 3.1 3.2
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26
7. () - - - - - - - - 4. (2551, . 21) 1. 2. 3. (2552, . 44) 1. 2. 3. 4.
28
30
31
32
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34
1 2 3 1 3 1 10 1 30 1 2

3.
4. (2542, . 87-88; , 2552, . 13-14) 1. 1:1 2. 1-10 1-10 3. (Number system) 1 = 2 = 4. 5. (Properties of math) 6. - - 7. 8. (Measurement) 9.
35
36
37
4. -, -, , -, -, -, - 5. 1-30 6. 1-10 7. 8. - 1-10 9. 10. - 11. -, - 12. 13. - 14. - 15. - (2551, . 158) 4 1. 1- 10 2. 1-3 3. 4. 5. 5 1. 1- 20 2. 1-5 3. 4. 5.
38
39
40
41
42
43
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5. (2557, . 147 -149) 1. 2 1.1 (Participant observation) 1.2 (Non - participant observation) 2. 2.1 ................................................
53

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54
56
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60
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= 1.75 2

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=
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=
71
()
60-64 2 65-69 1 70-74 1 75-79 5 80-84 3 85-89 4 90-94 3
30 (2555, . 206-207) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 3 3
72
3 50
20 2 19 3 18 4 17 7 16 10 15 4 14 2 13 8 12 5 11 3 10 2 50
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4.
20-19 A 5 18-17 B+ 11 16-15 B 14 14-13 C+ 10 12-10 C 10
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1. (2549) “ ” 3 2 2548 25 6 20 20 82.73/85.60 80/80 0.05
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/





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( = 4.97, S.D = 0.03 )
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7.7

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7.7

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106
107
108
109
2 2558 48 1) .01 ( = 25.13 = 18.42 ) 2) .01 ( = 25.13 = 14.58 ) 2. 70 70 .05 70 .05 2
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. ()., . . (2551). .
. (2553). . (). , . . (2553). 2. (). , . . (2555). : . : . . (2558). .
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. (2553). :. : . . (2553). …. ( 2.). : 9119 . . (2557). :. : . . (2553). . : . , . (2547). 20 : . : . . (2555). . : . . (2549). . (). .. .(2553). “ ”. : . Barbosa.(2004).Perception of multidimensional stimuli: A differential sensitivity account of
cognitive processing and development.Journal Of Experimental Child Psychology, 54,213-249. Bruner, J. (1963). The process of education. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and Random House. Dewey, J. (1963). Experience and education. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Garrett, N. K., Busby, F. R., &Pasnak, R. (1998).Cognitive gains from extended play at classification and satiation .Report Research:U.S.:Verginia. Kolumbus,E. S. (1979). Is it tomorrow yet: Israel: Mount Caramel International Training Center. Lall, G.R. and Lall, B.M. (1983).Ways children learn. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishers.
from http://www.thailis.uni.net.th/dao/,Pub.no.AAI9130525 Rubin,k.,&Maion,T. (2000,May). Play reference and its relationship to egocentrism popularity longitudinal study. Dissertation Abstracts International,60(11),171-179. Stebler, R.T., Vogt,F.Z., Wolf, I.N, Hauser, B.H.,&Rechsteiner, K.R. (2013).Play-based mathematics in kindergarten: Avideo analysis of children’s mathematical behaviorwhile playing a board gamein small groups .Journal Für Mathematik- Didaktik, 34(2), 149-175, Retrieved fromhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/ s13138-013-0051-4#/page-1
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
134


5 4 3 2 1 1. 1.1
1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1
4.2 5. 5.1
5.2 5.3 5.4
6.2
7. 7.1
7.2 7.3
137


5 4 3 2 1 1. 1.1
1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1
4.2 5. 5.1
5.2 5.3 5.4
6.2
7. 7.1
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
1.6 1.7
140

5 4 3 2 1 1. 1.1
1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1
4.2 5. 5.1
5.2 5.3 5.4
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______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
143


5 4 3 2 1 1. 1.1
1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1
4.2 5. 5.1
5.2 5.3 5.4
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______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
1 5 4.87 5 4.96 0.07 2 5 4.87 5 4.96 0.07 3 5 4.87 5 4.96 0.07 4 5 4.87 5 4.96 0.07 5 5 4.87 5 4.96 0.07 6 5 4.86 5 4.95 0.08 7 5 4.86 5 4.95 0.08 8 5 4.86 5 4.95 0.08 9 5 4.86 5 4.95 0.08 10 5 4.86 5 4.95 0.08 11 5 5 5 5 0.00 12 5 5 5 5 0.00 13 5 5 5 5 0.00 14 5 5 5 5 0.00 15 5 5 5 5 0.00 16 5 5 5 5 0.00 17 5 5 5 5 0.00 18 5 5 5 5 0.00 19 5 5 5 5 0.00 20 5 5 5 5 0.00
4.98 0.04
149


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___________________ ( )
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152
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-___________________________________________ 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
-___________________________________________ 1
153
3

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154
157


1.


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2.51 – 3.00 1.51 – 2.50 1.00 – 1.50
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1

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-___________________________________________ 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
-___________________________________________ 1
161
3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
-_____________________________________________________ 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
162
165


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-______________________________________________________ 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
-_____________________________________________________ 1
169
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171
172
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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IOC
1
2
3
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1
4
211
1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1
10 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 15 1 1 1 1 16 1 1 1 1
8
212
1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1
10 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 15 1 1 1 1 16 1 1 1 1
8
213
PH PL

2 0.91 0.64 0.78 0.27 -
3 0.96 0.53 0.75 0.43 2
4 0.96 0.82 0.89 0.18 -
5 0.89 0.49 0.69 0.40 3
6 0.82 0.56 0.69 0.26 -
7 0.84 0.44 0.64 0.40 4
8 0.87 0.62 0.75 0.29 -
(p) 0.40 - 0.80 (r) 0.40

=
PH PL
214
PH PL

1 0.82 0.38 0.60 0.44 1 2 0.51 0.42 0.47 0.09 - 3 0.89 0.33 0.61 0.56 2 4 0.58 0.33 0.46 0.25 - 5 0.89 0.47 0.68 0.42 3 6 0.51 0.49 0.50 0.02 - 7 0.91 0.56 0.74 0.35 - 8 0.84 0.44 0.64 0.40 4 9 0.84 0.38 0.61 0.46 5
10 0.69 0.33 0.51 0.36 - 11 0.69 0.40 0.55 0.29 - 12 0.87 0.44 0.66 0.43 6 13 0.67 0.40 0.55 0.27 - 14 0.84 0.40 0.62 0.44 7 15 0.82 0.38 0.60 0.44 8 16 0.71 0.38 0.55 0.33 -
(p) 0.40 - 0.80 (r) 0.40

=
PH PL
215
PH PL

1 0.84 0.44 0.64 0.40 1 2 0.51 0.40 0.46 0.11 - 3 0.93 0.33 0.63 0.60 2 4 0.82 0.47 0.65 0.35 -
5 0.84 0.40 0.62 0.44 3 6 0.91 0.56 0.74 0.35 - 7 0.58 0.40 0.49 0.18 - 8 0.80 0.38 0.59 0.42 4 9 0.87 0.33 0.60 0.54 5
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(p) 0.40 - 0.80 (r) 0.40
=
= PH – PL
PH PL
216
1

1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 23 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 23
17 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 22
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10 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 3 21 13 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 21 14 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 21 19 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 21 18 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 20 42 41 43 43 40 37 38 39 323
45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 360 PH 0.93 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.89 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.90
217
1

25 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 17 21 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 16 20 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 15 22 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 15 26 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 1 15
4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 14 27 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 14 28 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 14 29 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 14 30 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 14 8 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 13
12 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 13 24 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 13 23 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 12 16 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 11 23 29 24 37 22 25 20 28 210
45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 360 PL 0.51 0.64 0.53 0.82 0.49 0.56 0.44 0.62 0.58
218
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 44 5 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 42
17 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 42 9 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 41
15 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 38 11 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 37 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 37 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 36 6 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 36 7 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 35
10 1 1 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 33 13 2 1 3 2 3 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 32 14 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 31 19 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 30 18 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 30 37 23 40 26 40 23 41 38 38 31 31 39 30 38 37 32 544

45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 720
PH 0.8 2
11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
25 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 22 21 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 21 20 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 21 22 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 21 26 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 20
27 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 20 28 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 20 29 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 19 30 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 19 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 19
12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 18 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 19 23 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 17 19 15 15 21 22 25 20 17 15 18 20 18 18 17 17 294

45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 720
PL
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 44 5 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 42
17 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 41 9 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 41
15 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 38 11 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 37 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 37 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 36 6 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 36 7 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 35
10 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 34 13 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 34 14 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 32 19 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 31 18 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 31 38 23 42 37 38 41 26 36 39 30 23 38 32 40 31 37 549

45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 720
PH 0.8 4
13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
25 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 22 21 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 22 20 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 21 22 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 21 26 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 20 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 20
27 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 20 28 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 19 29 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 19 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19
12 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 24 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 23 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 19 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 20 18 15 21 18 25 18 17 15 22 19 17 18 21 18 17 292

45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 720
PL
A B C D
1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
223
14 () A B C D
1 2 2 2 1 2 25 26 27 28 29 30
21 2 1 6
DBCADCBA
BCAD
6212161212
)12(6)(21
1
2
3
4

1 3 3 2 2 10 16 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 1 7 17 3 1 3 1 8
3 3 1 2 1 7 18 3 2 2 2 9
4 2 1 2 1 6 19 3 2 3 1 9
5 3 2 3 2 10 20 2 2 2 2 8
6 3 2 2 2 9 21 3 2 2 1 8
7 2 2 2 1 7 22 2 2 2 1 7
8 1 1 1 1 4 23 1 1 1 1 4 9 2 3 2 2 9 24 1 1 1 1 4
10 3 2 2 1 8 25 2 2 2 1 7
11 2 2 2 1 7 26 2 2 2 1 7
12 1 1 1 1 4 27 1 1 1 1 4 13 2 2 2 2 8 28 1 1 1 1 4 14 2 2 2 1 7 29 1 1 1 1 4 15 2 2 2 1 7 30 2 2 2 1 7
225
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

1 3 3 3 3 12 16 2 1 1 1 5 2 2 3 2 2 9 17 3 2 3 2 10
3 3 2 2 2 9 18 3 3 3 3 12
4 2 2 2 1 7 19 3 3 3 2 11
5 3 3 3 3 12 20 2 3 2 3 10
6 3 3 3 2 11 21 3 3 3 2 11
7 2 2 2 2 8 22 3 3 2 1 9
8 2 1 1 1 5 23 1 2 1 1 5 9 3 3 3 3 12 24 2 2 2 1 7
10 3 3 2 1 9 25 3 3 2 2 10
11 2 2 2 2 8 26 2 2 2 2 8
12 1 1 1 1 4 27 2 2 1 1 6 13 3 3 2 2 10 28 1 1 1 1 4 14 3 2 2 2 9 29 2 1 1 1 5 15 3 3 3 2 11 30 1 1 1 1 4
226
A B C D
1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
227
17 () A B C D
1 2 2 2 1 2 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
19 2 1 8
DBCADCBA
BCAD
8211981219
)12(8)(19
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 18 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 17
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 18
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
5 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 18
6 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 19
7 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 20
8 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 10
9 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 17
10 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 18
11 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 19
12 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 11
13 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 21
14 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 20
15 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 19
16 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 14 17 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 18
18 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 19
19 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 20
20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
21 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 21
22 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 22
23 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15
229
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

24 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 14 25 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 18
26 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 17
27 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 11
28 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 13
29 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 18
30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
230

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 20 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 19
3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 21
4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 18 5 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 22
6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 23
7 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24
8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
9 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 20
10 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 22
11 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 23
12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
13 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24
14 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 23
15 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 22
16 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 17 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 22
18 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24
19 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 23
20 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 20
21 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 23
22 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24
23 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
231
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

24 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 25 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 21
26 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 20
27 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 15
28 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
29 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
30 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
232
A B C D
1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
233
20 () A B C D
1 2 2 2 1 2 25 26 27 28 29 30
20 2 1 7
DBCADCBA
BCAD
7212071220
)12(7)(20

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 20 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 15 3 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 14 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 5 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 13 6 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 14 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 13 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 9 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 14
10 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 12 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 13 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 13 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 15 14 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 13 15 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 16 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 9 17 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 12 18 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 14 19 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 20 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 14 21 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 22 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 14 23 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 11
235
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 25 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 26 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 13
27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 28 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 29 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
236

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 22 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 20 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 11 5 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 19 6 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 20 7 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 18 8 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 10 9 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 20
10 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 18 11 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 17 12 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 13 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 20 14 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 17 15 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 16 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 17 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 19 18 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 17 19 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 20 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 21 21 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 22 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 21 23 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 14
237
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

24 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 25 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 22 26 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 17
27 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 10 28 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 13 29 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 30 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
238
23
1 60 2 60 3 54 4 53 5 56 6 55 7 52 8 53 9 59
10 53 11 53
100.00

24
1 12 2 12 3 10 4 10 5 12 6 11 7 10 8 11 9 12
10 12 11 12
100.00

25
1 24 2 24 3 23 4 20 5 22 6 21 7 20 8 22 9 23
10 21 11 20
100.00

26
1 24 2 24 3 21 4 23 5 22 6 23 7 22 8 20 9 24
10 20 11 21
100.00

70
1 60 - 100 2 60 - 100 3 54 - 90.00 4 53 - 88.33 5 56 - 93.33 6 55 - 91.67 7 52 - 86.67 8 53 - 88.33 9 59 - 98.33
10 53 - 88.33
11 53 - 88.33
608 11 - 92.12 70 60 42
244
i k df = k-1

70
1 12 - 100 2 12 - 100 3 10 - 83.33 4 10 - 83.33 5 12 - 100 6 11 - 91.67 7 10 - 83.33 8 11 - 91.67 9 12 - 100
10 12 - 100
11 12 - 100
246
i k df = k-1

70
1 24 - 100 2 24 - 100 3 23 - 95.83 4 20 - 83.33 5 22 - 91.67 6 21 - 87.5 7 20 - 83.33 8 22 - 91.67 9 23 - 95.83
10 21 - 87.5
11 20 - 83.33
248
i k df = k-1

70
1 24 - 100 2 24 - 100 3 21 - 87.5 4 23 - 95.83 5 22 - 91.67 6 23 - 95.83 7 22 - 91.67 8 20 - 83.33 9 24 - 100
10 20 - 83.33 11 21 - 87.5 244 11 - 92.42
70 24 17
250
i k df = k-1



1 44 60 16 2 2 2 41 60 19 3 3 3 27 54 27 6.5 6.5 4 26 53 27 6.5 6.5 5 30 56 26 4.5 4.5 6 25 55 30 9 9 7 23 52 29 8 8 8 20 53 33 11 11 9 28 59 31 10 10
10 27 53 26 4.5 4.5 11 38 53 15 1 1
329 608 66 0
252


1 9 12 3 2.5 2.5 2 6 12 6 8.5 8.5 3 4 10 6 8.5 8.5 4 5 10 5 5.5 5.5 5 6 12 6 8.5 8.5 6 5 11 6 8.5 8.5 7 5 10 5 5.5 5.5 8 4 11 7 11 11 9 9 12 3 2.5 2.5
10 9 12 3 2.5 2.5 11 9 12 3 2.5 2.5
71 124 66 0
253


1 17 24 7 2.5 2.5 2 17 24 7 2.5 2.5 3 12 23 11 6 6 4 9 20 11 6 6 5 11 22 11 6 6 6 10 21 11 6 6 7 9 20 11 6 6 8 8 22 14 9.5 9.5 9 6 23 17 11 11
10 7 21 14 9.5 9.5 11 17 20 3 1 1
123 240 66 0
254


1 18 24 6 1.5 1.5 2 18 24 6 1.5 1.5 3 11 21 10 6 6 4 12 23 11 7.5 7.5 5 13 22 9 4 4 6 10 23 13 10.5 10.5 7 9 22 13 10.5 10.5 8 8 20 12 9 9 9 13 24 11 7.5 7.5
10 11 20 9 4 4 11 12 21 9 4 4
135 244 66 0
255
257

1. 2. 2 3. 4. 5.
258





261


262
3.: :
4.: :

264
265

266

1. 1) 2 2) 3)


267

3. 1) 2 2) 3)


268

5. 1) 2) 3)


269
8. 1) 2 2) 3)

270
1. : 2 :
2. : 2 :
3. : 2 :
4. : 2 :
5. : :
6. : :
7. : 2 :
8. : 2 :

272
273

274




5. 1) 1 2)
6. 1) 1 2)


8. 1) 3 2) 3
278
1. : :
2. : :
3. : :
4. : :
5. : :
6. : :
7. : :
8. : :

280
- 28 2517
229 1 62210
.. 2536 ..2542 . () ..2555 () ..2543 1
..2545 1
..2551- . 2