250 essential Japanese kanji characters. Volume 1 (Revised edition)
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Transcript of 250 essential Japanese kanji characters. Volume 1 (Revised edition)
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TOTHELEARNER
Doyoulikelearningkanji?Ordoyouwishthatkanjiwoulddisappearfrom the face of the earthโor at least from the Japanese language?Well, learningkanjicanbe fun, ifyouaremotivated.And this kanjibook was created to motivate you, with practical learning methodsthatreallywork,andwhichwillenableyoutoenjoystudyingkanji.
The first edition of 250 Essential Japanese Kanji CharactersVolume 1 was published in 1993, and Volume 2 was published in1997.Since then, theyโvebeenusedby countless learners tomasterkanji. In these new second editions, we have revised the books toinclude all the 410 kanji required for the College Board AdvancedPlacementJapaneseLanguageandCultureCourseExam.
TakinganActiveApproachAn important feature of this book is the active approach it takes tointroducingkanji.Byusingauthenticmaterials,periodicquizzes,andmemory aids, it gradually helps learners acquire the ability tounderstandandusekanjiinnaturalcontextsโthatis,ineverydaylife.
Anotherkeyaspectof250EssentialJapaneseKanjiCharactersisthe presentation of authentic materials, for instance the actualinstructions written on the medicine envelopes you might receivefrom the doctor in Japan.We also use photographs,many ofwhichwere takenbyour foreignstudentsduring theiradventures inJapan.Thekanjitaughthereare,clearly,basedoneverydayuse.
Also,foreachkanjiweincludeeitheretymologiesormemoryaids,which will help students to understand and memorize the kanjisystematically. The list of kanji compounds will also help learnersunderstand how new words are created by combining the familiar
kanji,andtorealizethepowerthatmasteringkanjioffersthem.
Each lessonhelps youmaster a newgroupof kanji, and consists ofseveralsections.
โข Introductory Quiz introduces some familiar, everyday situationswherethekanjiislikelytobeused.
โข Vocabulary contains the readings and meanings of the kanji thatyouโveencounteredintheQuiz.
โข New Characters teaches you the kanji systematically, byintroducingthemeaning,thebasicon-kunreadings,theetymologiesormemoryaids,andcompoundwords.
โขPracticewillhelpyouimproveyourkanjireadingandwritingskills.โข Advanced Placement Exam Practice Question will test yourcompetenceinreadingandwritingsemi-authenticnaturalJapanese.ThesequestionsreflecttheformatoftheCollegeBoardโsJapaneseLanguageandCultureexamination.
Wewish toexpressourgratitude toYลซichi Ikeda,KลichiMaekawa,MichaelHandford,SuDiandSandraKorinchak.
We received funding from the Japan Foundation to publish theoriginaleditionofthisbook.
Thefollowingbookswereusefulincompilingthekanjigrids:ReikaiGakushลซ Kanji Jiten, published by Shลgakkan, and KanjigenpublishedbyGakushลซKenkyลซsha.
Wesincerelyhopethatthisbookwillhelpalllearnersโyes,evenyouwho have been stymied by kanji before!โbegin to enjoy learningkanji.
Authors: ่่ ๏ผ
JunkoIshida ็ณ็ฐ้ ๅญ
ๆตทๆฑ็ฐ้ฆ
KaoriKaiedaKanjiTextResearchGroupๆผ ๅญๆๆ็ ็ฉถใฐใซใผใ KazukoNagatomi ้ทๅฏๅๅญ
JapaneseLanguageClassๆฅๆฌ่จๅพๆๅฎค
AkiyoNishino ่ฅฟ้็ซ ไปฃ
DepartmentofCivilEngineering็คพไผๅบ็คๅญฆๅฐๆป
JunkoSagara ็ธ่ฏๆทณๅญ
TheUniversityofTokyoๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆๅคงๅญฆ้ข
MikikoShibuyaMasakoWatanabe
ๆธ่ฐทๅนนๅญๆธก่พบ้ ๅญ
YoshikoYamazaki ๅฑฑๅดไฝณๅญ
CONTENTS
TotheLearner
IntroductionUnderstandingKanjiUnderstandingKanaASampleKanjiChart
1:LetโsEat!ใชใซใใในใพใใใ
NumeralandPricesKanji:ไธไบไธๅไบๅ ญไธๅ ซไนๅ็พๅ
2:GoingSkiingในใญใผใซใใใพใ
TimesandDatesKanji:ไผๆๆฅ้ฑ้ๅไธๅๅๅพๆๅๅ
3:WhatDayIsToday?ใใใใฏใชใๆๆฅใงใใ
DaysoftheWeekKanji:ๆ็ซๆฐดๆจ้ๅๅนณๆๅนด็ฅ็ฅญ
4:ItโsNicetoMeetYouใฏใใใพใใฆใใฉใใใใใใ
UniversityMajorsandStreetAddressesKanji:ๅคงๅญฆๆฑไบฌ็็ๅทฅ้จ็งๅฐๆปๅ ๆฌ่ช้ฝๅธๅ ฅๅผๆๅบไธ็ฎ
5:BuyingaCommuterโsPassๅฎๆๅธใใใใพใ
ApplicationFormsKanji:ๅฎๆๅธ็ณ่พผๆธๆฐๅ็ทๅฅณๆญณ้ง ไฝฟ็จ้ๅงไฝๆ้ป่ฉฑ้
ReviewExercise:Lessons1โ5
6:WhichLineDoYouTake?ไฝ็ทใซใฎใใพใใ
HowtoUsetheSubwayinTokyoKanji:ไฝ็ทๅฐไธ้ๆไธๆฐ็ฐไปฃไธธๅ ่ฅฟๅถ
7:BuyingTicketsใใฃใทใใใใพใใใ
HowtoBuyTrainTicketsKanji:ๅฑฑไธญๅคฎ้ฃ็ตก่ชๅๅฐไบบๅ จ่กๅ
8:TakingtheTrain้ป่ปใซใฎใใพใใใ
TrainRoutesandStationsKanji:่ปๅฃๅบๆน้ข็ช
9:InsidetheStation้ง ใฎไธญ
FindingYourWayAroundinTrainStationsKanji:ๅๅๆกๆดๅญไบๆ ไธ
10:OnthePlatform้ง ใฎใใผใ
TypesofTrainstoTake,andTimetablesKanji:ๅๅๆฎๆบๆฅ้ๅฟซ็น่กจ็ต็็บ
ReviewExercise:Lessons6โ10
11:AttheBank้่ก
UsingATMsKanji:้ๅผ้ ๆผๅทๆ่จผ็ขบ่ช่จๆญฃๆฎ้ซ่จๅธณๅๆฑๆญข
12:AtthePostOffice้ตไพฟๅฑ
MailingLettersandPackagesKanji:้ตไพฟๅฑๅๅคๅฝ้่ช็ฉบๅธธๆไปๆง
13:WhichWayShouldIGo?ใฉใฎ้ใ้ใฃใใใใใงใใใใ
ReadingRoadSignsKanji:้ๆญฉ่ ็ฆ็ซๆณจๆ
14:WhereIstheEmergencyExit?้ๅธธๅฃใฏใฉใใงใใ
ReadingSignsinPublicPlaces
Kanji:ๆฐๅฑ้บ้ๆถ็ ๅทฆๅณ
ReviewExercise:Lessons11โ14
15:CampusMapใญใฃใณใในใปใใใ
FindingYourWayAroundUsingaMapKanji:่ฌๅ ้ฃ้้คจไผๅๅณ้
16:AttheUniversityๅคงๅญฆใฎใใฆใใฎใฎไธญ
ReadingSignstoGetWhereYouNeedtoGoKanji:้็พฉ่ญฐๅฎค็ ็ฉถๅๅฎ้จ
17:Announcementsไฝใฎใ็ฅใใใงใใ
ReadingBulletinBoardInformationKanji:็ฅๅ ดๆ่ฆ่ฒป้ขไฟฎๅฃซๅๆๅฑ
18:GoingtotheHospital็ ้ขใธ่กใใพใ
HospitalandMedicalTermsKanji:็ ๅปๆญฏๅ ็ฃไฟๅไปๆฅ่ฌ่จบๅฏ่จๆฏๆๆณๆฏ
ReviewExercise:Lessons15โ18
19:ShoppingattheSupermarketในใผใใผใงใปใผใซใใใใพใ
BuyingWhatYouNeedKanji:ๅบๅฃฒ่็่ฑ้ณฅ้ญๅฒๅๅฎ่ฒท็ฉๆฅญ
20:EatingOut้ฃๅ ใซๅ ฅใใพใใใ
ReadingRestaurantSignsandMenusKanji:ๅๆดๆฑ้ฃฒ่ถๆนฏไบ็ดๅธญๅ
21:AttheRealEstateAgencyไธๅ็ฃๅฑใง
FindingaPlacetoLiveKanji:ๅฑ่ฒธๆ็ก
ReviewExercise:Lessons19โ21
AppendixA:JapaneseNamesAppendixB:MainRadicalsAppendixC:KanjiCompoundsAnswers to the Introductory Quizzes, Review Exercises,andAdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestions
On-KunIndexVocabularyIndex
INTRODUCTION
This book contains 21 lessons introducing 250 kanji. Each lessonfocusesonaneverydaysituationinJapan.
There is a short explanationofkanji andkanabefore the lessonsbegin.Youwill also find theAppendices, theOn-Kun Index and theVocabularyIndexusefultorefertoasyoulearn.
FromLesson1throughLesson10, theJapanese iswrittenwithaspace between words. Amodified Hepburn system of romanizationhasbeenused.
Eachlessoniscomposedofthefollowingsections.
1. IntroductoryQuizโThissectiondescribessituations thatyoumayencounterindailylife,andisfollowedbyaquiz.ByreferringfirsttothewordsinVocabulary,youโlllearnthereadingsandthemeanings of thewords that are introduced in the lesson.Andbysolvingthequiz,youwillunderstandthesituationthatโspresented.Trythequizagainafter thelesson,andyouโllfindouthowmuchyouhavelearned.
2.VocabularyโThis sectioncontains the readingsandmeaningsof the words used in the Introductory Quiz. Refer to it whenstudying the illustrations or taking the quiz. The numeral aboveeachkanjiindicatesthelessonwherethekanjiisintroduced.
3. New Characters โ This section introduces the kanji of thelesson using Kanji Charts with their meanings, basic on-kunreadings, stroke orders, etymologies or memory-aid hints, andcompoundswiththeirEnglishtranslations.
The compounds essentially consist of newly or previously
introducedkanji.(Kanjithatarenotincludedinthe250taughtinvolume 1 are marked with ร.) More important compounds areshownintheupperpartofthelist.However,youareencouragedtostudy those in the lower part of the list as well. When kana isoptionally added tokanji (okurigana), themost commonusage isadoptedandformalusagesareshowninparentheses.
4.PracticeโThissectionprovidespracticeforreadingandwritingthekanji intheupperpartofthekanjicharts.Youshouldusethepractice as a final check for the kanji learned in each lesson.Answerstothepracticeproblemsarenotprovidedinthisbook.
5. Advanced Placement Exam Practice Question โ Thissection provides an exercise similar in format to the CollegeBoardโsAdvancedPlacementexaminationforJapaneseLanguageand Culture. You can try the exercise after each lesson, or aftercompletingallthelessons.
UNDERSTANDINGKANJI
The oldest Chinese characters, the precursors of kanji, originatedmore than3,000yearsago.Originally theywere simple illustrationsofobjectsandphenomenaineverydaylife,anddevelopedasawritingtoolmainlycharacterizedbypictographyand ideography.ThuseachoftheChinesecharacterscarriesitsownmeaningwithinitself.
Chinesecharacters,orkanji,canbeclassifiedaccording tooriginandstructureintofourcategories:
1. Pictographic characters are derived from the shapes of concreteobjects.
2. Sign characters are composed of points and lines that expressabstractideas.
3. Ideographic characters are composed of combinations of othercharacters.ๆจ(tree) + ๆจ(tree) โๆ = forestๆฐ(sun) + ๆ(moon) โๆ = bright
4.Phonetic-ideographic characters are composedof combinationsofideographicandphoneticelements.Upperpartsorrighthandpartsoftenindicatethereadingofthekanji.About90%ofallkanjifall
intothiscategory.
ๅ (ใปใณprevious)โ ๆด(ใปใณwash)ๅฎ๏ผใขใณpeaceful)โ ๆก๏ผใขใณproposal)
TheJapanesehadnowritingsymbolsuntilkanjiwereintroducedfromChina in thefifthcentury.Soonafter this,kanjiweresimplified intophoneticsymbolsknownashiraganaandkatakana.ThustheJapaneselanguage came to bewritten in combinations ofkanjiandkana (seepage9).
Thiskanji-kanawritingsystemismoreeffectivethanwritingwithkana only. As the written Japanese language doesnโt leave spacesbetween words, kanji among kana make it easier for readers todistinguishunits ofmeaning and to understand the context.Readerscaneasilygrasptheroughmeaningofwrittentextbyfollowingkanjionly.
Kanjicanusuallybereadtwoways.Thesereadingsarereferredtoason-yomiandkun-yomi.On-yomi is theJapanese reading takenfromtheoriginalChinesepronunciation.Kun-yomi is the pronunciation ofanoriginalJapanesewordappliedtoakanjiaccordingtoitsmeaning.Hiragana added after kun-yomi readings are called okurigana.Okurigana primarily indicates the inflectional ending of a kanji,though the last part of the stem is occasionally included in theokurigana.
Most kanji are composed of two ormore elements, and parts ofone kanji are often found in different combinations in other kanji.Certain commonly shared parts are called radicals, or bushu inJapanese.Radicalsareusedtoclassifykanjiindictionaries;thuseachkanji is allocated only one radical. Each radical also carries a coremeaning. For example, the radical ่จ means โwordโ or โspeak.โTherefore the kanji่ช (language),่ฉฑ (speak, story),่ชญ (read), ่จ(note down), and ่ซ (discuss) all have something to do with themeaning of่จ. There are 214 radicals altogether. These are some
frequentlyseenradicals:
1.hand2.earth3.water4.ใคman,people5.่จword,speak6.ๆจtree7. plant8.็ณธthread9.้metal,gold10. road,proceed11.ๅฟlegs12.ๅฃmouth13. village14. wall,hill15.ๆฅsun,day16.้gate17.ๅฐธcorpse18. sickness19.ๅฎroof,house20.ๅadd,many
(Notethattheradicallistedaboveas13isalwaysusedattherightofacharacter, and the one listed as 14 is always used at the left of acharacter.)
Kanjistrokesarewritteninafixeddirectionandorder.Thereareseveralfundamentalrulesforwritingthestrokes.
1.Horizontalstrokes:fromlefttoright
2.Verticalorslantingstrokes:fromtoptobottom
3.Hookstrokes:fromtoplefttorightorleftbottom
4.Thecenterstrokefirst,followedbytheleftandrightstrokes
5.Theoutsidestrokesfirst,followedbythemiddlestrokes
6.Thehorizontalstrokefirst,followedbytheverticalstroke(usuallyfollowedbyanotherhorizontalstroke)
7.Theleft-handslantingstrokefirst,followedbytheright-handside
As your knowledge of kanji increases, kanji dictionaries becomemorehelpful.Therearethreewaystorefertoakanji.
1.Lookforthekanjibyradicalinthebushu(radical)index.2.Lookforthekanjibystrokenumberinthekakusลซ(strokenumber)index.
3.Lookforthekanjibypronunciationintheon-kunreadingindex.
UNDERSTANDINGKANA
JapaneseWritingSystemsTherearefourdifferentkindsofcharactersusedforwritingJapanese:kanji, hiragana, katakana, and romaji (Roman alphabet). Kanjiincorporates meanings as well as sounds. Hiragana, katakana, andromaji are phonetic characters that express only sounds. However,unlikeEnglish,onekanacharactercanbepronouncedonlyoneway:ใใใorใใขใisonlypronounced[a].
Japanesesentencesareusuallywrittenwithacombinationofkanji,hiragana, and katakana. Katakana is mainly used for foreign wordsthatareadaptedtofitJapanesepronunciation.Kanjiappearsinnouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs.Hiraganaisprimarilyusedtoshowtheinflectionalendingsofkanji (okurigana).Particles, conjunctions, andinterjections are mostly written in hiragana. Although hiragana cansubstituteforkanji,acombinationofkanjiandhiraganaismuchfasterto read. For example, compare these fourways ofwriting the sameinformation:
Kanji and hiragana:็งใฏๆฏๆๆฉใ่ตทใใพใใๅบใใใๅใซใใฌใใ่ฆใพใใ
Hiragana only: ใใใใฏใพใใใใฏใใใใใพใใ ใงใใใใพใใซใใฌใใใฟใพใใRomaji:Watashi-wamaiasahayakuokimasu.Dekakerumae-niterebi-omimasu.English:Igetupearlyeverymorning.IwatchTVbeforeIleavehome.
JapaneseSyllabaryChartEachsquareinthechartbelowrepresentsonepronouncedsyllable.
AdditionalKatakanaCreatedwithsmallใกใฃใฅใงใฉใฅ
DerivationofKanaHiragana and katakana are Japanese phonetic syllabaries developedfromkanji in theeighthcentury.Hiragana,whicharecursive letters,derivefromtheshapesofentirekanjicharacters.Katakana,whicharecombinations of straight lines, derive from various parts of kanjicharacters.Insomecasesbothhiraganaandkatakanaarederivedfromthesamekanji,suchas to, fu,he,ho,me,andwa,shownbelow.Kanaderived from some of the kanji introduced in this textbook are alsoshown.
ASAMPLEKANJICHART
Asamplefromthekanjichartsisexplainedbelow.
1Thekanjianditsserialnumberinthistextbook.2Meanings.3Readings:kun-readingsinhiragana,andon-readingsinkatakana.Hiraganafollowingadot[โขใใinthesampleabove]areokurigana.Readingsinparentheses()expresseuphonicchange,i.e.,modifiedreadings. [For example,ใใคใฏใ๏ผใใคใฏ๏ผใ๏ผใใคใฏ๏ผ seeninkanji11,็พ.]
4Strokeorder.5 Etymology or memory-aid. (The authors have created newderivations for some kanji when the etymology is unclear orconfusing.)
6Importantcompoundwords,andtheirreadingsandmeanings.7Additionalcompoundwords,andtheirreadingsandmeanings.
Notethat:
โข Kanji marked ร are not included in the 250 kanji taught in thisvolumeofEssentialJapaneseKanjiCharacters.
โขKanainparentheses()inkanjicompoundsisoptionalwhenwriting.[For example,็ต๏ผใ๏ผใ can be written็ตใใ or็ตใ]. Twosetsof()appearformostnounsderivedfromcompoundverbs.Thekana inboth ( )or in the former ( )onlymaybeomitted,but thekana in the latter ( ) alone cannot be omitted. [For example,ๅ๏ผใช๏ผๆถ,๏ผใ๏ผcan bewrittenๅๆถใorใๆถใใๅๆถใใbutnotๅใชๆถ.]
โข*indicatesexceptionalreadings.โขSmallnumbersplacedabovecertainkanjiintheVocabularysectionsrefertoLessonnumbersinthisbook.
I
LESSON1
LetโsEat!ใชใซใใในใพใใใ
n Japan, as in many other countries, eating out is a popularalternative to cookingathome.Thereare avarietyof restaurants,
with the most popular ones being soba-ya (soba shops), shokudล(inexpensiv eateries), and famirฤซ resutoran (family restaurants). Inmost shokudล one can order simple Japanese,Western, or Chinesemeals.Plasticmodelsofsomeofthedishesareusuallydisplayedwith
prices in an outside showcase, as shown in the picture on the nextpage.
Inthislessonyouwilllearnhowtowritenumeralsinkanji,sincethatโs how they are written in restaurantmenus, newspapers, bookswrittenvertically,andvariousotherdocuments.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
In a shokudล,youwill often find the names and prices of disheswrittenonpaperandhungon thewall.Write thecorrect answers inthespacesprovidedbelow.
Example:ใใใใฏใใฐใใในใพใใใ450ๅใงใใใ
1.ใใฌใ ใใใฏใใฉใใใในใพใใใ______________ๅใงใใใ
2.ใชใผใใใฏใซใฌใผใฉใคในใใในใฆใใณใผใใผใใฎใฟใพใใใ______________ๅใงใใใ
3.ใฉใผใกใณใฏ______________ๅใงใใ
4.ใใใใฉใใฎใงใใใฐใใใใฏ______________ใงใใ
5.ใใชใใฏใใฎใใใใฉใใงใชใซใใในใพใใใ______________ใใในใพใใ
6.ใใใใงใใใ______________ๅใงใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ใใฐ soba buckwheatnoodles
2.ๅ็พไบๅๅใใใฒใใใใใ ใใใ vonhyakugojลซen 450yen
3.ใใฉใ udon Japanesenoodles
4.ๅ็พๅ ญๅๅใใใฒใใใใใใ ใใใ vonhyakurokujลซen 460yen
5.ใซใฌไธใฉใคใน karฤraisu curryandrice
6.ๅ ญ็พไธๅๅใใคใดใใใใใใ ใใใ roppyakusanjลซen 630yen
7.ใณใผใใผ kลhฤซ coffee8.ไธ็พๅ ใใใณใใใใ sambyakuen 300yen9.ใฉใผใกใณ rฤmen ramen10.ไบ็พๅ ใใฒใใใใ gohyakuen 500yen
11.ใงใใใฐใใใ denwabangล phonenumber
12.ไบๅไธไธ-โไธไธไธใใใใใใชใช-ใใใใกใชใชใใก
goyonsannana-reiichinanaichi 5437-0171
3NewCharactersTwelvecharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ไธไบไธๅไบๅ ญไธๅ ซไนๅ็พๅ
1ไธhito-tsu,ichi,(iโ)ใฒใจใปใคใใคใใ(ใคใ๏ผ
one
ไธderivesfromapictographofonefinger.
ไธใค ใฒใฉใค hitotsu oneไธ ใใก ichi one
________ไธไบบ ใฒใฉใ hitori onepersonไธๅ ใใกใใ ichien oneyenไธๆฅ ใใกใซใก ichinichi aday;alldayไธๆฌ ใใฃใฝใ ippon oneslenderobjectไธๆฅ *ใคใใใก tsuitachi thefirst(date)
2ไบfuta-tsu,niใตใใปใคใใ
two
ไบderivesfromapictographoftwofingers.
ไบใค ใตใใค futatsu twoใ ใซ ni twoไบไบบ ใตใใ futari twopeopleไบๆ ใซใใค nigatsu Februaryไบๆฅ *ใตใคใ futsuka thesecond(date);(for)twodays
3ไธmit-tsu,sanใฟใฃใปใคใใตใณ
three
ไธderivesfromapictographofthreefingers.
ไธใค ใฟใฃใค mittsu threeใ ใใ san three
________ไธๆฅ ใฟใฃใ mikka thethird(date);(for)threedaysไธๆ ใใใใค sangatsu Marchไธไบบ ใใใซใ sannin threepeople
4ๅyot-tsu,yon,yo,shiใใฃใปใคใใใใใใใท
four
ๅderivesfromapictographoffourfingers.
ๅใค ใใฃใค yottsu fourๅ ใใ yon fourๅ ใ shi four
________ๅๆฅ ใใฃใ yokka thefourth(date);(for)fourdays
ๅ็พ ใใใฒใใ yonhyaku fourhundredๅๅ ใใใ yoen fouryenๅๆ ใใ yoji fouro'clockๅๆ ใใใค shigatsu April
5ไบitsu-tsu,goใใคใปใคใใด
five
ไบisไบplusไธ,meaningfive.
ไบใค ใใคใค itsutsu fiveไบ โใใ go five
________ไบๆฅ ใใคใ itsuka thefifth(date);(for)fivedaysไบๆ ใใใค gogatsu Mayไบๅ ใใใ ใ gojลซ fifty
6ๅ ญ
mut-tsu,roku,(roโ)ใใฃใปใคใใญใฏใ(ใญใ๏ผ
six
ๅ ญderivesfromapictographofahandshowingthenumbersixintheChinesewayofcountingononeโsfingers.
ๅ ญใค ใใฃใค muttsu sixๅ ญ ใใ roku six
________ๅ ญๆ ใใใใค rokugatsu Juneๅ ญๅ ใใใใ ใ rokujลซ sixtyๅ ญๅ ใใฃใทใใ roppun sixminutesๅ ญๆฅ *ใใใ muika thesixth(date);(for)sixdays
7ไธnana-tsu,nana,shichiใชใชใปใคใใชใชใใทใ
seven
ไธdepictstwofingersonfivefingers,meaningseven.
ไธใค ใชใชใค nanatsu sevenไธ ใชใช nana sevenไธ ใใก shichi seven
________ไธ็พ ใชใชใฒใใ nanahyaku sevenhundredไธๆ ใใกใใค shichigatsu Julyไธๆ ใใกใ shichiji seveno'clockไธๆฅ *ใชใฎใ nanoka theseventh(date)(for)sevendays
8ๅ ซyat-tsu,hachi,(haโ)ใใฃใปใคใใใใ(ใใ๏ผ
eight
ๅ ซ derives from a pictograph of two hands, each showing four fingers,meaningeight.Whenๅ ซisusedaspartofotherkanji,itoftenmeansโdivideโbecauseofitsshape.
ๅ ซใค ใใฃใค yattsu eightๅ ซ ใฏใก hachi eight
________ๅ ซๆ ใฏใกใใค hachigatsu Augustๅ ซ็พ ใฏใฃใดใใ happvaku eighthundredๅ ซๆฅ *ใใใ yลka theeighth(date);(for)eightdays
9ไนkokono-tsu,kyลซ,kuใใใฎใปใคใใญใฅใฆใใฏ
nine
ไน depicts an arm with tightened muscles and is used to mean nine, thenumberthattightensupandcompletestheseriesofsingledigits.
ไนใค ใใใฎใค kokonotsu nineไน ใใ ใ kyลซ nineไน ใ ku nine
________ไนๆฅ ใใใฎใ kokonoka theninth(date);(for)ninedaysไนๅ ใใ ใใใ ใ kyลซjลซ ninetyไนๅท ใใ ใใใ ใ Kyลซshลซ Kyushu(island,district)
ไนๆ ใใใฃ kugatsu September
ไนๆ ใใ kuji nineo'clock
10ๅtล,jลซ,(jiโ/juโ)ใจใใใธใฅใฆใ(ใธใ๏ผใธใฅใ๏ผ
ten
ๅderives from a pictograph of two crossing handswith ten fingers.Whenusedaspartofotherkanji,ๅoftenmeansโaddโ(e.g.,184ๅ,204ๅ,219่จ,239ๆฑ).
ๅ ใฉใ tล tenๅ ใใ ใ jลซ tenๅไธ ใใใใใก jลซichi elevenไธๅ ใใใใ ใ sanjลซ thirty
________ๅๆฅ ใฉใใ tลka thetenth(date);(for)tendaysๅไธๅ
ใใ ใใใกใใ jลซichien elevenyen
ๅๅใใคใใ/ใใใคใตใใ jippun/juppun tenminutes
ไบๅๆฅ
*ใฏใคใ hatsuka thetwentieth(date);(for)twentydays
11็พhyaku,(byaku),(pyaku)ใใฃใฏใ(ใใฃใฏ)ใ(ใใฃใฏ๏ผ
hundred
็พ combinesไธ one and็ฝ rice grain, and represents one bag of rice. Thissuggestsa largenumber,at leastonehundred.็ฝby itselfmeanswhite, thecolorofrice.
็พ ใฒใใ hyaku onehundredๅ็พ ใใใฒใใ yonhyaku fourhundredไธ็พ ใใใณใใ sambyaku threehundredๅ ญ็พ ใใฃใดใใ roppyaku sixhundredๅ ซ็พ ใฏใฃใดใใ happyaku eighthundred
________ไน็พๅ ใใใใฒใใใใ kyลซhyakuen ninehundredyenไฝ็พ ใชใใณใใ nanbyaku howmanyhundreds;hundredsof~
12ๅen
ใจใณ
circle,yen
ๅderivesfromๅ,whichcombinesๅencircle,ๅฃmouthorman(cf.107),and่ฒmoney(cf.200่ฒป).Originallyindicatingencircledthings,ๅthencame tomeancircle,round,and,asanassociatedmeaning,yen,becauseyencoinsareround.
ๅ ใใ en yen;circleๅๅ ใใ ใใใ jลซen tenyenไบๅๅ ใใใ ใใใ gojลซen fiftyyen็พๅ ใฒใใใใ hyakuen onehundredyenไธ็พๅ ใชใชใฒใใใใ nanahyakuen sevenhundredyen
________ๅ้ซ ใใใ ใ endaka highvalueoftheyenๅๅฎ ใใใใ en'yasu lowvalueoftheyen
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ไธ2.ไบ3.ไธ4.ๅ5.ไบ6.ๅ ญ7.ไธ8.ๅ ซ
9.ไน10.ๅ11.ๅๅ
12.ไนๅ
13.ไบๅไนๅ
14.ไธๅๅๅ
15.ไนๅไธๅ
16.็พ17.ไบ็พ
18.ไธ็พ
19.ๅ็พ
20.ไบ็พ
21.ๅ ญ็พ
22.ไธ็พ
23.ๅ ซ็พ
24.ไน็พ
25.ไบใค
26.ไธใค
27.ๅ ญใค
28.ไบใค
29.ๅ ซใค
30.ๅใค
31.ไนใค
32.ไธใค
33.ไธใค
34.ไธ็พๅไธๅ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionThreegirls,Emi,Yuki,andMari,tryoutanewsushirestaurantonitsopeningday.
ใใฟ๏ผใใใใใใใชใผใใณใชใใ ใใใใใ๏ผใใใฏใใใใใใใใถ็พๅใชใฎ๏ผใใพใ๏ผไบ็พๅใไธ็พๅใฎใใใใใฉใใปใจใใฉ็พๅใฟใใใใใ๏ผใฟใฆใใใใใฏใชใผใใณใ ใใใไบๅๅใไธๅๅใฎใใใใใ
ใใฟ๏ผ1ใใญใ็พๅใ2ใคใซใๅ ซๅๅใ3ใฟใณใๅ ญๅๅ๏ผใใใ๏ผใพใ๏ผไบๅๅใฎใฏใใ๏ผใ
ใใฟ๏ผใใฃใจใใใพใใจ4ใจใใไบๅๅใใใใ๏ผใใใใจใใไบใคใในใใใใชใใใใฟ๏ผไบใคใในใฆใไบ็พไบๅๅใ ใใใใพใ๏ผใใใใฏใใญใจใคใซใจใฟใณใใในใใใใใใฟ๏ผไธใคใในใฆใไธ็พๅใใใชใใใใใใญใใ
1ใใญ:fattytuna,2ใคใซ:squid,3ใฟใณ:octopus,4ใจใ:shrimp
1.Howmuchisthesushiatthisrestauranttoday?A.Thesushiisall100yen.B.Thereissushifor200yenor300yen,too.
C.Todayonly,thesushiisbetween50yenand90yen.D.Itisalwayscheaperthan100yen.
2.HowmuchisthesushithatMariwantstoeat?A.๏ฟฅ240B.๏ฟฅ250C.๏ฟฅ300D.๏ฟฅ310
3.WhatdoesYukiwanttoeat?A.3shrimpB.4shrimpC.5shrimpD.6shrimp
4.Ifyoueatoneeggandoctopussushiatthisrestaurant,howmuchisit?A.๏ฟฅ180B.๏ฟฅ150C.๏ฟฅ130D.๏ฟฅ110
S
LESSON2
GoingSkiingในใญใผใซใใใพใ
kiingandsnowboardingarepopularwintersportsinJapan.Manyskiersorsnowboarderstakeadvantageofskibuses,whichtravel
between large cities and ski areas during the winter. The fares arereasonableandthebusesusuallyleavethecitylateintheeveningandarriveattheslopesearlythenextmorning.
Inthislesson,youwilllearnkanjifordates,time,andsometravel-relatedwords.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
Belowleftisamemobelongingtoastudentwhoplanstogoskiingduringthewintervacation.Belowrightispartofaskibusbrochure.Atanytravelagency, informationisavailableaboutskibusesboundforfamousskiareas,someofwhicharelocatedinhot-springresorts,suchasZaoOnsen.
I.Choosethecorrectanswers.
1.ในใญใผใฏใใคใใใงใใใ
a.12ๆฅ29ๆb.12ๆฅ29ๆฅc.12ๆ29ๆฅ
2.ในใญใผใฏใชใใซใกใพใงใงใใใ
a.ใคใใใกb.ใตใคใc.ใฟใฃใ
3.ใชใใซใกใใใในใญใผใซใใใพใใใ
a.ใใฃใใใb.ใใคใใใc.ใใใใใ
4.ในใญใผใปใในใฏใชใใใซๆฑไบฌใ*ใงใพใใใ(*start)a.11:00P.M.b.11:30P.M.c.11:30A.M.
5.ในใญใผใปใในใฏใชใใใซ่ต็ใซ*ใคใใพใใใ(*arrive)a.6:10P.M.b.6:10A.M.c.6:00A.M.
6.ใในใซใชใใใใใฎใใพใใใ
a.6ๆ้ๅb.6ๆ้40ๅc.7ๆ้
7.ในใญใผใฎ*ใฒใใใฏใใใใงใใใ(*cost)a.๏ฟฅ350b.๏ฟฅ3,500c.๏ฟฅ35,000
II.FillinthespacesprovidedwithhiraganaandArabicnumerals.
1.ใตใใใใฟใฏใใคใใใงใใใ________________ใใใงใใ
2.ใตใใใใฟใฏใใคใพใงใงใใใ________________ใพใงใงใใ
3.ใตใใใใฟใฏ*ใฉใฎใใใใใใพใใใ
(*howlong)________________ใใใพใใ
4.ในใญใผใปใในใฏใใคใใใใคใพใงใใใพใใใ_________ใใ_________ใพใงใใใพใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.12ๆ29ๆฐ
ใใใใซใใคใซใใใใใซใก
jลซnigatsunijลซkunichi December29
2.ใชใๆฐ ใชใใซใก nannichi whatday
3. ใคใใใก tsuitachi the1st(date)
4. ใตใคใ futsuka the2nd(date)
5. ใฟใฃใ mikka the3rd(date)
6.1ๆ2ๆฅ ใใกใใคใตใคใ ichigatsufutsuka January27.ใชใๆฅ้ ใชใใซใกใใ nannichikan howmanydays
8. ใใฃใใใ yokkakan (for)4days
9. ใใคใใใ itsukakan (for)5days
10. ใใใใใ muikakan (for)6days
11.ในใญไธโขใใน
sukฤซbasu busheadedforskislopes
12.ใชใๆ ใชใใ nanji whattime13.
ใใใใใใใ Zaลonsen ZaoOnsen(hot-springresort)
14. ใฉใ ใใใ Tลkyล Tokyo
15. ใใใ Zaล Zao(place)16.ๅๅพ ใใ gogo (inthe)afternoon17.11ๆๅ ใใ ใใใกใใฏใ jลซichijihan 11:3018.ๅๅ ใใใ gozen (inthe)morning19.6ๆ10ๅ
ใใใใใฃ/ใใ ใฃใทใ rokujiji/juppun 6:10
20.ใชใๆ้ ใชใใใใ nanjikan howmanyhours21.6ๆ้ๅ ใใใใใใฏใ rokujikanhan 6andahalfhours22.6ๆ้
40ๅใใใใใใใใใฃ/ใใ ใฃใทใ
rokujikanyonji/juppun 6hoursand40minutes
23.ใใใพใใใใใใ sammangosenen 35,000yen
24.ใตใไผใฟ ใตใใใใฟ fuyuyasumi wintervacation25.12ๆ25ๆฐ
ใใใใซใใคใซใใใใใซใก
jลซnigatsunijลซgonichi December25
26.1ๆ7ๆฅ
ใใกใใคใชใฎใ ichigatsunanoka January7
27.2้ฑ้ ใซใใใใใ nishลซkan (for)2weeks28.12ๆ15ๆฐ
ใใใใซใใคใใใใใซใก
jลซnigatsujลซgonichi December15
29.4ๆ1ๆฅ
ใใใคใคใใใก shigatsutsuitachi April1
3NewCharactersThirteencharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ไผๆๆฅ้ฑ้ๅไธๅๅๅพๆๅๅ
13ไผyasu-mu,kyลซใใใปใใใญใฅใฆ
rest;absence
ไผ,whichcombinestheradicalใคman(cf.102ไบบ)andtree(cf.29),representsamantakingarestunderatree.
ไผใ ใใใ yasumu tobeabsent;torestไผใฟ ใใใฟ yasumi vacation,holiday;break;absence
________
ๅฌไผใฟ ใตใใใใฟ fuyuyasumi wintervacationๅคไผใฟ ใชใคใใใฟ natsuyasumi summervacationไผๅญฆใใ ใใ ใใใใใ kyลซgakusuru totaketimeofffromschool
14ๆtsuki,getsu,gatsu,(gaโ)ใคใใใฒใใใฌใใ(ใฌใ๏ผ
moon;month
ๆderives fromapictographof themoon.Month isanassociatedmeaning,sincethemoonwaxesandwanesonceamonth.
ๆ ใฃใ tsuki moon,monthๅใๆ ใใใใใค yonkagetsu (for)fourmonthsไธๆ ใใกใใค ichigatsu Januaryๅไบๆ ใใใใซใใค jลซnigatsu December
________ๆๆๆฅ ใใคใใใณ getsuyลbi Mondayไปๆ ใใใใค kongetsu thismonthไฝๆ ใชใใใค nangatsu whichmonth็ๅนดๆๆฅ ใใใญใใใฃใด seinengappi dateofbirth
15ๆฅhi,bi,ka,nichi,jitsuใฒใใณใใใใใใใธใ
sun;day
ๆฅderivesfromanancientChinesepictographofthesun.ๆฅalsomeansday,becausethesunrisesandsetseveryday.
ๆฅ ใฒ hi dayไบๆฅ *ใตใคใ futsuka thesecond(date);(for)twodaysไธๆฅ ใใกใซใก ichinichi aday;alldayไผๆฅ ใใ ใใใค kyลซjitsu holiday,dayoffไธๆฅ *ใคใใใก tsuitachi thefirst(date)
________ๆฅๆๆฅ ใซใกใใใณ nichiyลbi Sundayไปๆฅ ใใซไธจใใก konnichi nowadaysไปๆฅ *ใใใ kyล today
16้ฑshลซใทใฅใฆ
week
้ฑcombinesๅจ,paddywith rice fromabasket scattered all around, and theradical,meaningproceedorroad.Thus้ฑsuggeststhetime,perhapsaweek,requiredtogoallaroundapaddytolookafterit.
้ฑ ใใ ใ shลซ week________
ๆฏ้ฑ ใพใใใใ maishลซ everyweekใใใใใ konshลซ thisweek
ๅ ้ฑ ใใใใ ใ senshลซ lastweekๆฅ้ฑ ใใใใใ raishลซ nextweek
ใใ ใใพใค shลซmatsu weekend
17้aida,ma,kan,(gen)ใใใ ใใพใใซใณใ(ใฒใณ๏ผ
between;interval,while;room,space
้ depicts the sunๆฅ between the doors of a gate้ (cf. 181). Associatedmeaningsareinterval,while,room,andspace.
้ ใใใ aida between;intervalไบ้ฑ้ ใซใใใใใ nishลซkan (for)twoweeksไบๆฐ้ ใใคใใใ itsukakan (for)fivedays
________ใใฎ้ ใใฎใใใ konoaida theotherdayๆฐๆฌ้ ใซใปใใพ nihomma Japanese-styleroomไฝ้ฑ้ ใชใใใใใใ nanshลซkan howmanyweeksไฝๆฐ้ ใชใใซใกใใ nannichikan howmanydaysไบบ้ ใซใใใ ningen humanbeing
18ๅchi,sen,(zen)ใกใใปใณใ(ใผใณ๏ผ
thousand
ๅ,which combinesๅ ten andใคman (cf. 102ไบบ), formerly meant manypeopleandeventuallycametomeanthousand.
ใๅ ใซใใ nisen twothousandๅๅ ใใใใ senen onethousandyen
ไบๅๅ ใใใใใ gosenen fivethousandyenไธๅ ใใใใ sanzen threethousand
________ใกใฐ Chiba Chiba(place)
19ไธman,banใใณใใใณ
tenthousand
ไธderivesfromanancientIndianreligioussymbolๅ,whichchangedintoๅlaterinChina,meaningtenthousandgods.
ใไธๅ ใซใพใใใ nimanen twentythousandyen็พไธๅ ใฒใใใพใใใ hvakumanen onemillionyen
______ไธๅฝ ใฐใใใ bankoku allnations
20ๅgoใด
noon
ๅdepicts a pestle used for pounding rice. The up-and-downmotion of thepestlesuggeststheturningofmorningtoafternoon,namely,noon.
______ๆญฃๅ ใใใใ shลgo noon
21ๅmae,zenใพใใใผใณ
front,before,earlier
ๅcombines foot (cf. 149ๆญข stop) on a boat, suggesting a boat that cannotmove,andsword.Theswordisusedtocuttheboatโsrope,allowingittogoforward.Thusๅmeansfront.Associatedmeaningsarebeforeandearlier.
ๅ ใพใ mae thefrontๅๅ ใใใ gozen (inthe)morningๅๆฐ ใใใใค zenjitsu thepreviousday,
thedaybefore________
ไบๅๅ ใใตใใพใ gofunmae fiveminutesbefore/agoไธๆฅๅ ใฟใฃใใพใ mikkamae threedaysbefore/ago
22ๅพato,ushi-ro,go,kลใใจใใใใปใใใดใใณใฆ
behind,back,after,later
ๅพwhichcombinesๅฝณgo(cf.104่ก),weakply,andๅค trailing leg,suggestswalkingwhiledraggingaweaklegandfallingbehind.Thusๅพmeansbehindorafter.
ๅพ ใใฉ ato theback;therest;afterwardsๅๅพ ใใใ zengo beforeandafter,beforeandbehind
ๅๅพ ใใ gogo (inthe)afternoon______
ๅพใ ใใใ ushiro theback,therearๅพๅ ใใใฏใ kลhan thelatterhalf
23ๆtoki,jiใจใใใธ
time;hour
ๆcombinesๆฅsunandๅฏบfootandhand,suggestingmoveorwork.Asthesunmoves,timegoesby.ๅฏบbyitselfmeanstemple,aplacewherepriestswork.
ๆ ใฉใ toki time,hourๅ ญๆ ใใใ rokuji sixo'clockๆ้ ใใใ jikan time,hourๆฅๆ ใซใกใ nichiji thedateandtime
________ๆใ ใฉใใฉใ tokidoki sometimes,onceinawhileไฝๆ้ ใชใใใใ nanjikan howmanyhoursๆ่จ *ใฉใใ tokei watch,clock(Note:ใ isusedinplaceofthelatteroftwosuccessiveidenticalkanji.)
24ๅhan,(pan)ใใณใ(ใใณ๏ผ
half
ๅdepictsaverticallinedividing(cf.8ๅ ซ)aboardintotwohalves.
ๅไธๆๅ ใใใใใกใใฏใ jลซichijihan halfpastelevenๅๆฅ ใฏใใซใก hannichi halfaday
________ๅๅนด ใฏใใฉใ hantoshi halfayearๅๅ ใใใฏใ/ใใใฑใ zenhan/zenpan thefirsthalf
25ๅwa-karu,wa-keru,bun,fun,(pun)ใใปใใใใใปใใใใใณใใใณใ(ใใณ๏ผ
divide,portion;minute;understand
ๅ,whichcombinesๅ ซdivide (cf. 8) andๅknife,means divide or portion.One hour is divided into sixty minutes. Dividing a question into solvablepiecessuggestsunderstanding.
ๅ(ใ๏ผใ ใใใ wakaru tounderstandๅใใ ใใใ wakeru todivide,toseparateๅๅ ใฏใใถใใ hambun halfไนๅ ใใ ใใตใ kyลซfun nineminutesๅๅ ใใใทใ yonpun fourminutes
______ไธๆฅๅ ใฟใคใใถใใ mikkabun threedaysworth
4PracticeI.HowtoReadTime
II.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅไบๆ
2.ไบๅไนๆฅ
3.ไธๆไธๆฅ
4.ไบๆฅ
5.ไธๆฅ
6.ๅๆฅ้
7.ไบๆฅ้
8.ๅ ญๆฅ้
9.ๅๅพ
10.ๅไธๆๅ
11.ๅๅ
12.ๅ ญๆๅๅ
13.ไธไธๅ
14.ไบๅๅ
15.ไธๆฅ
16.ไบๆ
17.ไธๆ
18.ๅๆ
19.ไบๆ
20.ๅ ญๆ
21.ไธๆ
22.ๅ ซๆ
23.ไนๆ
24.ๅๆ
25.ๅไธๆ
26.ไธใๆ
27.ๅใๆ
28.ๅ ญใๆ
29.ไนใๆ
30.ๅ ซๆฅ
31.ไนๆฅ
32.ๅๆฅ
33.ๅไนๆฅ
34.ไบๅๆฅ
35.ๅ36.ไธๅ
37.ๅๅ
38.ๅ ซๅ
39.ไนๅ
40.ๅไธ
41.ไนไธ
42.ๅๆ
43.ไธๅ
44.ๅๅ
45.ๅ ญๅ
46.ไธๅ
47.ๅ ซๅ
48.ไนๅ
49.ใชใคไผใฟใฏใชใๆฅ้ใงใใใๅๅๆฅ้ใไบ้ฑ้ใงใใ
50.ใใใชใๆใซใใใพใใใใไนๆใงใใ
51.ใในใซใชใๆ้ใฎใใพใใใๅ ญๆ้ๅใฎใใพใใ
III.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionAnswer the following questions about the schedule of the wintercamp.
1.ใญใฃใณใใฏใใคใใใงใใใ
A.ใซใใคใซใใ ใใใใซใก
B.ใซใใคใซใใ ใใใใ
C.ใซใใคใซใใ ใใใฃใ
D.ใซใใคใซใใ ใใซใซใก
2.ไบๅๅๆฅใฎใในใฏใชใใใซใงใพใใใ
A.ๅๅไนๆๅๅๅ
B.ๅๅๅๆๅๅๅ
C.ๅๅพไนๆๅๅๅ
D.ๅๅพๅๆๅๅๅ
3.ใใฌใผใใณใฐใฏใใคใใใพใใใ
A.ใพใใซใกใๅๅใๅๅพใใใใ
B.ๅๅใฏใพใใซใกใใใใๅๅพใฏใชใๆฅใใใใ
C.ๅๅพใฏใพใใซใกใใใใๅๅใฏใชใๆฅใใใใ
D.ๅๅใๅๅพใใใใฎใฏใ๏ผๆฅใ ใใงใใใ
4.ไบๅๅ ญๆฅใฎใใฌใผใใณใฐๆ้ใฏใฉใฎใใใใใใพใใใ
A.ไธๆๅ
B.ไธๆๅ้
C.ไธๆ้ๅ
D.ไธๆไธๅๅ้
5.ไบๅๅ ญๆฅใฎใในใฏใชใใใซใคใใพใใใ
A.ใใใใใใ ใใทใ
B.ใใใใใใ ใฃใทใ
C.ใใใใใใใ ใใทใ
D.ใใใใใใใ ใฃใทใ
LESSON3
WhatDayIsToday?ใใใใฏใชใๆๆฅใงใใ
In addition to theWestern system for counting years, a traditionalsystembasedonthereignoftheemperorsisusedinJapan.Thereare 15 national holidays per year in Japan. One long series of
holidaysthatoccursfromtheendofApriltothebeginningofMayisknownasGoldenWeek.GoldenWeekendswithChildrenโsDayonMay5,duringwhichparentswithboys flycarpbannersabove theirhomes. This expresses their wish that their children grow up to bestrongandhealthylikecarp.(HinaMatsuri,theJapaneseDollFestivalheldonMarch3,isthedaytohopeforthewell-beingofgirls.)
In this lesson, you will learn kanji used in calendars and othertime-relatedwords.
1IntroductoryQuizLook at the calendar below and refer to thewords inVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
SaturdayandSundayareholidaysformostgovernmentoffices,postoffices,banks,andmanycompanies.Whenanationalholidayfallsona Sunday, the following Monday automatically becomes a holiday.FillinthespacesprovidedwithhiraganaandArabicnumerals.
ใ็ฅๆฐ๏ผ็ฅญๆฐ๏ผ
35ๆ3ๆฅ ใใใฝใใใญใๆฅ constitutionDay45ๆ4ๆฅ ใฟใฉใใฎๆฅ GreeneryDay55ๆ5ๆฅ ใใฉใใฎๆฐ childrensDay
1.ใใใฏ__________ๅไนๅนด๏ผ2007๏ผใฎใซใฌใณใใผใงใใ
2.ไบๆใฎ็ฅๆฅ๏ผ็ฅญๆฅ๏ผใฏใฟใฃใใจ__________ใจ__________ใงใใ
3.ใใใฏ__________ๆๆฅใจ__________ๆๆฅใจ__________ๆๆฅใงใใ
4.ไบๆใซใฏใใใๆๆฅใ__________*ใใใใใพใใ๏ผ*times๏ผ5.ใซใกๆๆฅใ__________ใใใใใพใใ
6.ไบๆๅๅๆฅใฏ__________ๆๆฅใงใใ
7.ไบๆไบๅไนๆฅใฏ__________ๆๆฅใงใใ
8.ไบๆใฎไผๆฅใฏ__________ใใใใใพใใ
9.ๅนณๆฅใฏ__________ๆๆฅใใ__________ๆๆฅใพใงใงใใ
2Vocabulary
Study the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ๅนณๆ ใธใใใ Heisei Heisei(era)
2.ใใ ใใใ ใใญใ jลซkyลซnen the19thyear
3.็ฅ ใใ ใใใค shukujitsu nationalholiday
4.็ฅญ ใใใใค saijitsu nationalholiday(usedinterchangeablywithใใใใใค)
5. ๆ ใซใกใใใณ nichiyลbi Sunday
6. ๆ ใใคใใใณ getsuyลbi Monday
7.็ซๆ ใใใใณ kayลbi Tuesday
8.ๆฐดๆ ใใใใใณ suiyลbi Wednesday
9.ๆจๆ ใใใใใณmokuyลbi Thursday
10.้ๆ ใใใใใณ kinyลbi Friday
11.ๅๆ ใฉใใใณ doyลbi Saturday
12. ใใ ใใใค kyลซjitsu holiday,dayoff
13.ๅนณ ใธใใใค heijitsu ordinaryday,weekday
3NewCharactersElevencharactersare introduced in this lesson.Use theexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๆ็ซๆฐดๆจ้ๅๅนณๆๅนด็ฅ็ฅญ
26ๆ
yลใจใฆ
dayoftheweek
ๆcombinesๆฅsun,wings,and้น fatbird.Thesunflyingonabirdโswingssuggestsadayoftheweek.
ๆฅๆๆฅ ใซใกใใใณ nichiyลbi Sundayๆๆๆฅ ใใคใใใณ getsuyลbi Monday
________ไฝๆๆฅ ใชใใใใณ nanyลbi whatdayoftheweek
27็ซhi,(bi),kaใฒใ(ใณ)ใใซ
fire,flame
็ซderivesfromapictographofaflame.Whenusedasthelowerpartofotherkanji,็ซissometimeswritten .
็ซ ใฒ hi fire,flame็ซๆๆฅ ใใใใณ kayลbi Tuesday
________่ฑ็ซ ใฏใชใณ hanabi fireworks็ซไบ ใใ kaji fire(destructiveburning)
28ๆฐดmizu,suiใฟใใในใค
water
ๆฐด,modifiedfromๅทriver,meanswater.Asaradical,ๆฐดisoftenwritten
ๆฐด ใฟใ mizu waterๆฐดๆๆฅ ใใ ใใใณ suiyลbi Wednesday
________ใใก ใใฎใฟใ Ochanomizu Ochanomizu(place)ใใ ใใ reisui icewater,coldwater
ๆฐดๅ ใใ ใถใ suibun moisture
29ๆจki,(gi),boku,mokuใใ(ใ)ใใใฏใใขใฏ
tree,wood
ๆจderivesfromapictographofatree.
ๆจ ใ ki tree,woodๆจๆๆฅ
ใใใใใณ
mokuyลbi Thursday
________ๅ ญๆฌๆจ
ใใฃใฝใใ Roppongi Roppongi(place)
ๅๆจ ใฉใผใ doboku abbreviationforๅๆจๅทฅไบ(publicworks)and(civilengineering)
ใใใใ mokuzล wooden,madeofwood
30้kane,kinใใญใใญใณ
gold,metal,money
้,whichdepictstwonuggetsintheearthๅ(cf.31)piledupinamoundindicates precious ore such as gold. Associated meanings are metal andmoney.
้ ใใญ kane money/metal้ ใใ kin gold้ๆๆฐ ใใใใใณ kinyลbi Friday
________้ใกใใซ ใใใกใใซ kinmedaru goldmedal
ใใใใ genkin cashใใใใ reikin giftmoneytolandlord
31ๅtsuchi,do,toใคใกใใใใ
soil,earth;ground
ๅrepresentsaplantgrowingoutoftheearth,suggestingsoilorground.
ๅ ใคใก tsuchi soil,earth
ๅๆๆฅ ใฉใใใณ doyลbi Saturday________
ๅๅฐ ใฉใก tochi (pieceof)land
32ๅนณtai-ra,heiใใใปใใใใค
flat,level
ๅนณrepresentsawaterweedfloatingflatonthewater.
ๅนณๆฐ ใธใใใค heiiitsu ordinaryday,weekday________
ๅนณใใช ใใใใช tairana flatๆฐดๅนณใช ใใใธใใช suiheina horizontal,level
ใธใใใใใ heikinsuru toaverage
33ๆna-ru,seiใชใปใใใปใค
achieve;become,form
ๆ,which combinesๆ arms or weapon andๅ power or force (cf. 67็ท),meansachieve.Associatedmeaningsareformandbecome.
ๅนณๆ ใธใใใ Heisei Heisei(era)________
ๆ็ฐ ใชใใ Narita Narita(place,airport)ใใใใใฒใใ seisekihyล schoolreportcard
ๆไบบใฎๆฅ ใใใใใฎใฒ Seijinnohi ComingofAgeDayใใใใใใ seikลsuru tosucceed,tobesuccessful
34ๅนดtoshi,nenใจใใใใณ
year;age
ๅนดdepictsamanworkinginaricepaddy(cf.102ไบบ)andgrain.Thissuggeststheperiodbetweenharvests,whichisusuallyayear.
ๅนด ใฉใ toshi year;ageไธๅนด ใใใญใ sannen threeyears,thethirdyear
________ใใฉใ kotoshi thisyearใใใญใ kyonen lastyearใญใใฉ nendo fiscal/academicyear
ๅนด้ ใญใใใ nenkin pensionใผใใญใใใ bลnenkai year-endparty
35็ฅiwa-u,shukuใใใปใใใทใฅใฏ
celebrate,congratulate
็ฅ combines andๅ . The radical derives from็คบ altar, andๅ represents akneelingpriest.Thus็ฅmeanscelebration.ๅ byitselfmeanselderbrother.
็ฅใ ใใใค iwau tocelebrate,tocongratulate
(ใ๏ผ็ฅใ (ใ๏ผใใใ (o)iwai congratulation,celebratorygift็ฅๆฅ ใใ ใใใค shukujitsu nationalholiday,festivalday
________ๅ ็ฅ(ใ) ใใกใใใ uchiiwai familycelebration็ฅ้ป ใใ ใใงใ shukuden congratulatorytelegram
36็ฅญmatsu-ri,saiใพใคใปใใใตใค
festival
็ฅญderivesfromapictographofahand(cf.85ๆ)holdingsacrificialmeatๆ(cf. 226่) on an altar็คบ (cf. 35็ฅ). Thus็ฅญ suggests an occasion whenofferingsaremadetothegods;i.e.,afestival.
็ฅญ๏ผใ๏ผ ใพใคใ matsuri festival็ฅญๆฅ ใใใใค saijitu festivalday,nationalholiday็ฅ็ฅญๆฅ ใใใใใใใค shukusaijitsu nationalholiday,festivalday
______ๅคงๅญฆ็ฅญ ใ ใใใใใ daigakusai university/collegefestival
festival
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅนณๆไบๅนด
2.็ฅๆฅ
3.็ฅญๆฅ
4.ๆฅๆๆฅ
5.ๆๆๆฅ
6.็ซๆๆฅ
7.ๆฐดๆๆฅ
8.ๆจๆๆฅ
9.้ๆๆฅ
10.ๅๆๆฅ
11.ไผๆฅ
12.ๅนณๆฅ
13.็ฅใ
14.็ฅญใ
15.็ซใฏใใใใงใใ
16.ใใฎๆฐดใฏใใใใใงใใญใ
17.ไบๆใฏๆจใใใใใงใใ
18.ใ้ใฏใใฐใใฎใชใใซใใใพใใ
19.1964ๅนดใฏใใจใใใใใชใชใณใใใฏใฎๅนดใงใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionReadthepassagebelowandanswerthequestions.
ใซใฏ็ฅๆฅใๅไบๆฅใใใพใใใใกใฐใ็ฅๆฅใใใใๆใฏไบๆใงไธๆฅใๅๆฅใไบๆฅใฎไธๆฅ้ใใใพใใ็ฅๆฅใใชใๆใฏๅ ญๆใจๅ ซๆใงใใ
ๅนณๆๅไนๅนดใซใๅๆใจไบๆใฎ็ฅๆฅใฎใชใพใใใใใใพใใใๅๆไบๅไนๆฅใฎใใฟใฉใใฎๆฅใ
ใฏ ๆฅใใซใไบๆๅๆฅใฎใใใใฟใใฎไผๆฅใใฏใใฟใฉใใฎๆฅใใซใชใใพใใใ
็ฅๆฅใๆฅๆๆฅใฎใจใใฏใใคใใฎๅนณๆฅใไผใฟใงใใใใใใใตใใใไผๆฅใใจใใใพใใ
ใใจใใฐใไบๅไธๅนด๏ผๅนณๆๅไนๅนด๏ผใฏๅๆไบๅไนๆฅใๆฅๆๆฅใชใฎใงใไธๅๆฅใฎๆๆๆฅใใตใใใไผ ๆฅใซใชใใพใใไบๆไธๆฅใฎ็ซๆๆฅใจไบๆฅใฎๆฐดๆๆฅใไผใฟใซใใใจใๅๆไธๅๆฅใใไบๆ
ไธๆฅใพใงใใชใใไผใฟใซใชใใพใใใคใฅใใฆไผใ ใใใพใใ
ใใฎใชใใไผใฟใใใดใผใซใใณใฆใฃใผใฏใจใใใพใใใใใใ ใใใฎใใฟใซใใฆใใพใใ
1.WhatdayoftheweekisMay1,2007?A.MondayB.TuesdayC.Wednesday
D.Thursday
2.DuringwhatmonthsaretherenopublicholidaysinJapan?A.JuneandAugustB.JulyandSeptemberC.AugustandOctoberD.NovemberandJanuary
3.WhatdayisMay4,2007?A.Showa-no-hiB.Midori-no-hiC.Kokumin-no-kyลซjitsuD.Furikae-kyลซjitsu
4.WhatdayisApril30,2007?A.Showa-no-hiB.Midori-no-hiC.Kokumin-no-kyลซjitsuD.Furikae-kyลซjitsu
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGoldenWeek๏ผใดใผใซใใณใฆใฃใผใฏ๏ผisnottrue?A.ManyJapanesearelookingforwardtotheseconsecutiveholidays.B.AlldaysfromApril29toMay5areholidays.C.SomecompaniescloseforthewholeweekduringGoldenWeek.D.Midori-no-hihaschangedtoShowa-no-hi.
T
LESSON4
ItโsNicetoMeetYouใฏใใใพใใฆใใฉใใใใใใ
heacademicyearinJapanbeginsinApril.Anentranceceremonyisheld for incominguniversity freshmen, and thepresident and
deans givewelcoming addresses.When classes begin, new studentsare often asked to introduce themselves. This lesson will help you
introduceyourselfinJapanese.Thephotoontherightshowsastreetaddresssign.Thesesignsare
oftenattachedtobuildingsorutilitypoles,andarehelpfulifyouarelookingforaparticularplace.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
TheDepartment of Civil Engineering, theUniversity of Tokyo is now calledShakaikibangaku,inJapanese.
Mr. Lee, a student from Malaysia, is planning to study civilengineeringintheFacultyofEngineeringattheUniversityofTokyo;he will study Japanese, too. The entrance ceremony will be held
tomorrow. Read the following sentences and choose the correctanswers.
1.ใใใใฏใชใผใงใใ(a.ใจใใใใb.ใใใใจ)ๅคงๅญฆใฎใใใใใงใใ
2.(a.ใใใใใถb.ใถใใใใถ๏ผใฎ(a.ใจใb.ใฉใผใ)ๅทฅๅญฆ็งใงในใใใใใใพใใ
3.ใใใใฎใใใใใฏ(a.ๆฅๆฌ่ชb.ๅๆจๅทฅๅญฆ)ใงใใ
4.(a.ๅญฆ็b.ๅ ็)ใฎใชใพใใฏไธๆจใใใใใงใใ
5.ๅคงๅญฆใฎใซใ ใใใใใใฏ(a.ๅๆb.ๅ ซๆ)ใงใใ
6.ๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆใฏ(a. b.ๆไบฌๅบ)ใๆฌ้ท (a.ไธไธ็ฎb.ไธๅๆฅ)ใซใใใพใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆใฉใใใใใ ใใใ Tลkyลdaigaku UniversityofTokyo
2.ไบฌ้ฝๅคงๅญฆ ใใใใฉใ ใใใ Kyลtodaigaku KyotoUniversity3.ๅญฆ็ ใใใใ gakusei student4.็ๅญฆ็ ใใใใใใใ ryลซgakusei foreignstudent5.ๅทฅๅญฆ้จ ใใใใใถ Kลgakubu FacultyofEngineering6.ๆๅญฆ้จ ใถใใๅใใใถใ Bungakubu FacultyofLiterature7.้ฝๅธๅทฅๅญฆ็ง
ใฉใใใใใฃใ Toshikลgakka DepartmentofUrbanEngineering
8.ใฉใผใใใใใฃใ
Dobokukลgakka DepartmentofCivilEngineering
9.ๅฐๆป ใใใใ senkล majorfieldofstudy10. ใซใปใใ Nihongo Japaneselanguage11.ๅ ็ ใใใใ sensei professor,teacher
12. ใฟใ Miki Miki(name)13.ๅ ฅๅญฆๅผ ใซใใใใใใ nyลซgakushiki entranceceremony
14. ใใใใ ใ Sakyลku SakyoWard15.ๆไบฌๅบ ใถใใใใใ Bunkyลku BunkyoWard
16. ใปใใใ Hongล Hongo(place)
17. ใชใชใกใใใ nanachลme the7thblock(inanaddress)
3NewCharactersTwenty-two characters are introduced in this lesson. Use theexplanations to help you understand and remember the characters.Studythecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅคงๅญฆๆฑไบฌ็็ๅทฅ้จ็งๅฐๆปๅ ๆฌ่ช้ฝๅธๅ ฅๅผๆๅบไธ็ฎ
37ๅคงล-kii,dai,taiใใใปใใใใใคใใฟใค
big,large,great
ๅคงdepictsamanwitharmsandlegsspreadwide,suggestingbigandlarge.
ๅคงใใ ใใใใ ลkii big,large,great,tall________
ใใใใ ลsaka Osakaๅคง้ฝๅธ ใ ใใฉใ aaitoshi bigcity
ใ ใใถใค aaibutsu greatstatueofBuddhaๅคงไผ ใใใใ taikai largemeeting,conventiontournament
38ๅญฆmana-bu,gaku,(gaโ)ใพใชใปใถใใฌใฏใ(ใฌใ๏ผ
study,learn;school
ๅญฆ, simplified fromๅญธ, combinesๅญ child (cf. 116) and, which represents abuildingwith lightson in thekanjiๅถ (cf. 93).Thusๅญฆ indicates a buildingwherechildrenare,namely,aschool.Anassociatedmeaningisstudy.
ๅคงๅญฆ ใ ใใใ daigaku university,collegeๅญฆๅนด ใใใญใ gakunen school/academicyear;gradeatschool
________ๅญฆใถ ใพใชใถใ manabu tostudy,tolearn
ใใฃใใ gakkล school
39ๆฑhigashi,tลใฒใใใใใฆ
east
ๆฑ,whichcombinesๆจ treeandๆฅsun, depicts the sun rising frombehind atreeintheeast.
ๆฑ ใฒใใ higashi east
ๆฑๅคง ใฉใใ ใ Tลdai abbreviationforๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆ(UniversityofTokyo)
________JRๆฌๆฐๆฌ
JRใฒใใใซใปใ
JRHigashinihon EastJapanRailwayCompany
ใใใฉใ Kantล Kanto(district)
40ไบฌkyลใญใงใฆ
capital
ไบฌrepresentsabigbuildingonahill,asightoftenseeninacapitalcity.ItalsorepresentsstonelanternsthatguardedancientChinesecapitals.
ๆฑไบฌใฉใใใใ Tลkyล Tokyo________
ๅทฆไบฌๅบใใใใใ Sakyลku SakyoWard(inKyoto)
41็to-meru,ryลซใจใปใใใใชใฅใฆ
stay,keep;fasten
wasoriginallywritten,depictingcloseddoors.็ฐmeansricepaddy(cf.88),which can be thought of as limited space. Closed doors combined withlimitedspacesuggeststayingorkeepingsomethinginacertainplace.
็ๅญฆใใ ใใ ใใใใใ ryลซgakusuru tostudyabroad________
ๆธ็ ใใใฉใ kakitome registeredmailๅฝ่ฒป็ๅญฆ ใใใฒ kokuhi studyabroadon
ใใ ใใใ ryลซgaku agovernmentscholarshipใใฒใใใใใ shihiryลซgaku studyabroadatone'sownexpense
42็
i-kiru,u-mareru,sei,(jล)ใใปใใใใใปใพใใใใปใคใ(ใธใงใฆ๏ผ
live,beborn,life
็ depicts a flower in its prime, ready to give birth to a new life. Thus็meanslife,living,beingborn,orgivingbirth.
็ใพใใ ใใพใใ umareru tobebornๅญฆ็ ใใใใ gakusei student็ๅญฆ็ ใใใใใใใ ryลซgakusei foreignstudent็ๅนดๆๆฅ ใใใญใใใฃใด seinengappi dateofbirth
________็ใใ ใใใ ikiru toliveๅคงๅญฆ็ ใ ใใใใใ daigakusei university/collegestudent
ใใใใใ gakuseika StudentAffairsSectionไธๅนด็ ใใกใญใใใ ichinensei first-yearstudent,freshman
ใใใใใใณ tanjลbi birthday
43ๅทฅkลใณใฆ
craft,industry
ๅทฅ,representingacarpenterโs ruler,meanscraftor industry.Aspartofotherkanji,itoftenmeansstraight.
ๅทฅๅญฆ ใใใใ kลgaku engineeringๅๆจๅทฅๅญฆ ใฉใผใใใใใ dobokukลgaku civilengineering
________ๅทฅๅ ด ใใใใใ kลjล factoryๅทฅๆฅญ ใใใใใ kลgyล (manufacturing)industryไบบๅทฅ ใใใใ jinkล artificial
44้จbuใ
part,section
้จcombines,whichderivesfromๅandmeanscuttingsomething intoparts,and, indicatingvillage (cf.51้ฝ,151้ต).Thus้จ formerlymeant part of avillage,andnowhascometomeanpartorsectioningeneral.
ๅทฅๅญฆ้จ ใใใใใถ Kลgakubu FacultyofEngineering
้จๅ ใถใถใ bubun part,portion________
ๅ จ้จ ใใใถ zembu all,wholeใใใน้จ ใใในใถ tenisbu tennisclub้จๅฑ *ใธใ heya room
45็งkaใซ
department,course;academicsubject
็งcombines the radical็ฆพ grain andๆ,which derives from the shape of adipper used to measure volume in ancient China. Formerly meaningmeasuringandsortingout,็งnowmeanssubjectofstudyordepartment.
ๅญฆ็ง ใใฃใ gakka university/collegedepartmentๅๆจๅทฅๅญฆ็ง
ใฉใผใใใใใฃใ
Dobokukลgakka
DepartmentofCivilEngineering
็งๅญฆ ใใใ kagaku science______
46ๅฐsenใปใณ
specialize;exclusive
ๅฐcombines,depictingatoolusedtoweaveoneropefrommanystrands,andๅฏธ work (cf. 23 ๆ). Thus ๅฐ means working in one specific area orspecializing.
ๅฐ้ ใใใใ semmon majorfieldofstudy,specialty________
ใใใใใใฃใใ semmongakkล vocational/professionalschool
47ๆปkลใณใฆ
attack
ๆป combinesๅทฅ straight (cf. 43) andๆต, representing a hand brandishing awhip.Thusๆปmeans attacking in a straightforwardway.ๆต is often used toindicatethatthewholekanjiisaverb.
ๅฐๆปใใ ใใใใใใ senkลsuru tospecialize/majorin______
ใใใใใใ kลgekisuru toattack
48ๅ saki,senใใใใปใณ
ahead,earlier,previous
ๅ combinesfeetandlegs,thepartsofthebodythatleadamanashewalks.Thusๅ meansaheadorprevious.
ๅ ็ ใใใใ sensei teacher,professorๅ ้ฑ ใใใใ ใ senshลซ lastweekๅ ๆ ใใใใค sengetsu lastmonth
______
้ฃ็ตกๅ ใใใใใใ renrakusaki wheretomakecontactๅ ๆฐ ใใใใค senjitsu theotherday
ใใใฑใ sempai onessenior
49ๆฌmoto,hon,(bon),(pon)ใใจใใใณใ(ใใณ)ใ(ใใณ๏ผ
origin,main;book;counterforlongslenderobjects
Addinga line to thebaseofๆจ tree,ๆฌmeansbasic,origin,ormain. (If thelineisaddednearthetopasinๆซ,itmeansendortrifle.)
ๆฌ ใปใ hon bookๆฅๆฌ ใซใปใ/ Nihon/ Japan
ใซใฃใฝใ Nipponๆฌ้จ ใปใใถ hombu headoffice,
headquartersไธๆฌ ใใใผใ sanbon threeslenderobjects
______ๅฑฑๆฌใใ ใใพใใฉใใ Yamamotosan Mr./Ms./Miss/Mrs.Yamamotoๆฌๆฅ ใปใใใค honjitsu today
50่ชgoใด
talk,word,language
่ช combines่จ speak (cf. 78่ฉฑ),ไบ interact, andๅฃmouth (cf. 107).ไบ isassociated with interact because of its crossing lines. Thus่ชmeans talk,word,orlanguage.
ๆฅๆฌ่ช ใซใปใใ Nihongo Japaneselanguageใใฉใณใน่ช ใใฉใณในใ Furansugo Frenchlanguage
______ใใใ gengo languageใใใ tango word,vocabulary
่ชๅญฆ ใใใ gogaku languagestudy,linguisticsใใใ Eigo Englishlanguage
51้ฝtoใ
capital,metropolis
้ฝcombinestheradicalvillageand่ ,whichdepictsvariousfoodsgatheredandcookedonastove.้ฝthussuggestsagatheringofmanyvillages,meaningcapitalcity.
ๆฑไบฌ้ฝ ใฉใใใใใฉ Tลkyลto MetropolisofTokyไบฌ้ฝ ใใใใฉ Kyลto Kyoto
________ใใ ใฉ shuto capital
52ๅธichi,shiใใกใใท
city;market
ๅธcombinesไบ ,simplifiedfromๆญขstop(cf.149),andๅทพ,depictingabalance.Thus ๅธ means market, where people stop and bargain until a balancedagreementisreached.Anassociatedmeaningiscity.
้ฝๅธ ใฉใ toshi city้ฝๅธๅทฅๅญฆ็ง ใฉใใใใใฃใ Toshikลgakka DepartmentofUrbanEngineering
ไบฌ้ฝๅธ ใใใใฉใ Kyลtoshi theCityofKyoto______
ๅธๅ ด ใใกใฐ/ใใใใ ichiba/shijล market,marketplaceใใใใใ shiyakusho city/municipalofficeใใฟใ shimin citizenใใกใใ shichล mayor
53ๅ ฅhai-ru,i-reru,nyลซใฏใใปใใใใปใใใใใฅใฆ
enter
ๅ ฅderivesfromapictographofasmallriverenteringintoalargerriver.
ๅ ฅใ ใฏใใ hairu toenter(vi.)ๅ ฅใใ ใใใ ireru toputinๅ ฅๅญฆใใ ใซใ ใใใใใ nyลซgakusuru toenteraschool/universityๅ ฅ้ใใ ใซใ ใใใใใ nyลซkinsuru todepositmoney
______ๅ ฅๅฝใใ ใซใ ใใใใใ nyลซkokusuru toenteracountryๅ ฅๅฑ ใใ ใซใ ใใใใใ nyลซkyosuru tomoveintoanapartmentorhouse
ใซใ ใใใใใ nyลซshasuru tojoinacompany
ใใซใ ใใใ yunyลซsuru toimport
ๅ ฅไผ้ ใซใ ใใใใใ nyลซkaikin entrance/enrollmentfee
54ๅผshikiใทใญ
ceremony;style;formula
ๅผ,which combinesๅผplough or weapon andๅทฅ carpenterโs ruler (cf. 43),meansthestyleorformofsomethingmadewithtools.Associatedmeaningsareceremonyandformula.
ๅผ ใใ shiki ceremony;formulaๅ ฅๅญฆๅผ ใซใ ใใใใใ nyลซgakushiki entranceceremony
______ๆฐๆฌๅผ ใซใปใใใ Nihonshiki Japanesestyle/wayๅผ(3) ใใใใ shikisan Equation(3)
ใใคใใใใใ sotsugyลshiki graduationceremonyใใฃใใใ kekkonshiki weddingceremony
55ๆbun,monใใณใใขใณ
literature;sentence;culture
ๆwasoftenusedas adesignonancient claypottery.Originally associatedwith design, it has now come tomeanwritten passage, sentence, literature,andalsoculture.
ๆ ใถใ bun sentence,pieceofwritingๆๅญฆ้จ ใถใใใใถ Bungakubu FacultyofLiterature
______ใถใใ bunka cultureใใใถใ rombun thesis,researchpaperใใใถใใใใใใ
Mombukagakushล
MinistryofEducationScienceandCulture
*ใใ moji letterorcharacter
56ๅบkuใฏ
ward;district
ๅบderivesfromๅ,whichdepictsmanymouthsorpeople(cf.107ๅฃ)insideaboundaryๅ.ๅบthusindicatesadistrictorward.
ๆไบฌๅบ ใถใใใใใ Bunkyลku BunkyoWard
ๅบ้ ใใใ kukan interval(betweentwopointslongarailwayoraroad)
______ใใใใใ kuyakusho wardoffice
ๆฑไบฌ้ฝๅบๅ
ใฉใใใใใฉใใชใ
Tลkyลtokunai withinthetwenty-threewardsofTokyo
57ไธchลใใงใฆ
counterforblocksofhouses
ไธrepresentsasignshowingatownorstreetname,andisusedasacounterforblocksofhouses,blocksoftลfu,andotherfooddishes.
________ใใใกใใ yokochล sidestreet/alley
58็ฎme,mokuใใใขใฏ
eye;suffixforordinals
็ฎderivesfromapictographofaneye.
็ฎ ใ me eyeไธๆฅ็ฎ ใใกใซใกใ ichinichime thefirstdayไธไธ็ฎ ใใใกใใใ sanchลme thethirdblock
(inanaddress)็ง็ฎ ใใใ kamoku coursesubject
______็ฎไธ ใใใ meue onessuperior็ฎไธ ใใใ meshita onessubordinate
ใใใ mokuji tableofcontentsใใใฆใ mokuteki purpose
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆ
2.็ๅญฆ็
3.ๅทฅๅญฆ้จ
4.้ฝๅธๅทฅๅญฆ็ง
5.ไธๆจๅ ็
6.ๅฐๆป
7.ๆฅๆฌ่ช
8.ๅๆจๅทฅๅญฆ็ง
9.ๅ ฅๅญฆๅผ
10.ๆไบฌๅบ
11.ไธไธ็ฎ
12.ๆฑ13.้จๅ
14.ๅ ๆ
15.ๅ ฅใ
16.็ง็ฎ
17.ใใผใฟใผใใใฎ็ฎใฏๅคงใใใงใใญใ
18.็งๅญฆใๆๅญฆใในใใใใใใพใใ
19.ๅ ้ฑใไบฌ้ฝใธใใใพใใใ
20.ใใใใฏๆฅๆฌใง็ใพใใพใใใ
21.ใใใซใใชใใฎ็ๅนดๆๆฅใใใใฆใใ ใใใ
22.ใใฉใณใน่ชใงใฟใใใๆใใใใพใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionThesettingisBunkyoWardโsciviccenterhall.DuringGoldenWeek,people are having an international party for the foreigners living inthisward.Fouryoungpeopleare introducing themselves inacircle.Readtheirstatementsandanswerthefollowingquestions.
Mr.A:ใคใฉใณใใใใ็ๅญฆ็ใงใใๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆใฎๅทฅๅญฆ้จใงในใใใใใใฆใใพใใๅฐๆปใฏ้ฝๅธๅทฅๅญฆใงใใ
ใฏใ ใกใงใใ ใงไบๅนด้ๆฅๆฌ่ชใในใใใใใใพใใใไธใๆๅใซใใใฐใใใงใใชใซใๅใใใพใใใใใใใใใใญใใใใพใใ
Ms.B:
ใใใใฏไธๅนดๅใซ ใใใใพใใใๅนณๆฅใฏไนๆใใๅไบๆๅใพใงๆฅๆฌ่ชๅญฆๆ กใงในใใใใใใฆ
ใใพ ใใๅๅพใฏในใผใใผใงใขใซใใคใใใใฆใใพใใๆฅๆฌใฎๅคงๅญฆใซใฏใใฃใฆใ 1 ในใ
ใใใใใใ ใงใใใจใใ ใกใซใชใฃใฆใใ ใใใไผๆฅใฏๆ้ใใใใฎใงใใใใใใชใจใใใธใใใใใงใใใใๅนดใฏๅๅ ซใงใใใฉใใใใใใใ
Mr.C:
ใผใใฏๅไธ ใงใใใชใผในใใฉใชใข ใงใใใใๅนดใฎๅๆใซๆฅๆฌใฎ ใธ็ๅญฆ็ใจใใฆใใพใ
ใใ ใฏใใใฆ ใในใใใใใใพใใใใ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏใใใใใใงใใญใ ในใใใใใฏใใใธใใงใใใ ๆฅๆฌใฎใพใใใใขใใกใๅคงใใใชใฎใงใ ใพใๆฅใใฌใใใฟใฆใใพใใ ใพใใใใขใใกใใใใชไบบใฏใใพใใใใ
1 economics
Ms.D:
ใใใใฏใขใกใชใซใใใใพใใใใใพๆฅๆฌใฎ ่ชใใใใใฆใใพใใๅ ซๅนดๅใๅคงๅญฆ็ใฎใจใใ ๆฅๆฌใฎๅคงๅญฆใงไธๅนด้ในใใใใใใใใจใใใใใงใใ Aใใใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆๅญฆ้จใงใใใ ใใใใใใฎ ๅนดใฏใใฟใชใใใใใใพใใญใ ใใใใใใใใฆใใทใใ ใๅคงใใใชใฎใงๆฅ
ๆฌใฎ ใฏใใฎใใใงใใ
1.Whoistheoldest?A.Mr.AB.Ms.BC.Mr.CD.Ms.D
2.WhosaysthattheJapaneselanguageisdifficult?A.Mr.AB.Ms.BC.Mr.CD.Ms.D
3.WhohascometoJapanbefore?A.Mr.AB.Ms.BC.Mr.CD.Ms.D
4.WhohasstayedinJapantheshortestamountoftime?A.Mr.AB.Ms.B
C.Mr.CD.Ms.D
5.WhohopestoenteraJapaneseuniversity?A.Mr.AB.Ms.BC.Mr.CD.Ms.D
I
LESSON5
BuyingaCommuterโsPassๅฎๆๅธใใใใพใ
fyoucommutetoworkorschoolbytraineveryday,youโllfinditconvenient tobuy a commuterโs pass.Good for one, three, or six
months,thepasscanbeusedasoftenasyoulikebetweenthestationsindicatedon it. Itnormallycostsabout two thirds thepriceofusingordinarytickets,andonlyaboutonethirdifyouareastudent.These
passes can be purchased at major stations. The IC card commuterpass, shown above,was introducedmore recently, andmanypeopleuseit.Yousimplytouchit totheautomaticticketscanner,makingitveryeasytouse.
Inthislesson,youwilllearnhowtofillintheapplicationformtobuy a commuterโs pass. This knowledge will then help you fill inotherkindsofformsaswell.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
Thecommuterโspassaboveshowsallofthefollowinginformation.
1ItisvalidbetweenYotsuyastationandShinjukustation.2Itisvalidfor6months,fromMarch14toSeptember13,inthe20thyearofHeisei(2008).
3Itcostsยฅ13,740.4ItbelongstoMr.Sudล.5Mr.Sudลisa20-year-oldstudent.
I. Look over the commuterโs pass below, and then answer thefollowingquestions.
1.ใใฎๅฎๆๅธใฏ__________้ง ใใ____________้ง ใพใงใงใใ
2.ใใฎๅฎๆๅธใฏๅนณๆ19ๅนด____ๆ____ๆฅใใๅนณๆ19ๅนด____ๆ____ๆฅใพใงใงใใ
3.ใใฎๅฎๆๅธใฏ__________ๅใงใใ
4.ใใฎๅฎๆๅธใฏ__________ใใใฎใงใใ
5.ใใฎไบบใฏ๏ผa.ๅญฆ็ใงใใb.ๅญฆ็ใงใฏใใใพใใใ๏ผ
II.Tobuyacommuterโspassyouneedtofill inanapplicationformliketheoneshownbelow.Lookatthecompletedapplication,thentrytofillintheblankcopyoftheapplicationformasbestyoucan.
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ๅฎๆๅธ ใฆใใใใ teikiken commuter'spass2.้ง ใใ eki station3. ใใใพ ~sama Mr.~,Ms.~,Miss~,Mrs.~
4. ใคใใใ tsลซgaku commutingtoschool
5. ใใฃใฝใใ Roppongi Roppongi(station)
6.็ณ่พผๆธใใใใใฟใใ
mลshikomisho applicationform
7.ๆฐๅ ใใใ shimei fullname8.็ท ใใฉใ otoko man9.ๅฅณ ใใใช onna woman10.ใๆญณ ใใใ ~sai ~yearsold
11. ใใใ kukan interval(betweentworailwaypoints)
12.ไฝฟ็จ ใไธใ shiyล use
13. ใใใใณ kaishibi startingdate
14. ใใ ใใ yลซkล validitykikan period
15. ใใใ
16. ใใใใค ~kagetsu ~month(s)17.ไฝๆ ใใใใใ jลซsho address18.้ป่ฉฑ ใงใใ denwa telephone19.้ๅค ใคใใใ tsลซkin commutingtowork
20.ใคใใใใใ tsลซkinsaki one'splaceofwork
21. ใคใใใใใ tsลซgakusaki one'sschool
22. ใใใใใก shozaichi location23. ใใใใใ meishล name24. ใใใใ shurui types
3NewCharactersTwenty-one characters are introduced in this lesson. Use theexplanations to help you understand and remember the characters.Studythecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅฎๆๅธ็ณ่พผๆธๆฐๅ็ทๅฅณๆญณ้ง ไฝฟ็จ้ๅงไฝๆ้ป่ฉฑ้
59ๅฎteiใใค
fix,decide;regular,definite
ๅฎcombinestheradicalๅฎhouse,ไธone,andavariationofๆญขstop(cf.149).Stopping inonepartofahouse impliesa fixedplace.Associatedmeaningsincludedecide,regularanddefinite.
ๅฎไผๆฅ
ใฆใใใ ใใณ
teikyลซbi regularholiday,shop/companyholiday
________ๅฎๅนด ใฆใใญใ teinen retirementage
ใฆใใ teika listprice
ใฆใใใ teiin seating/passengercapacity;fixednumberofpersonnel
ใฟใฆใ mitei undecided,unscheduled
60ๆkiใญ
periodoftime,term
ๆcombinesๆmonthandๅ ถ,astiffbasketmadeof tightlywovenbamboo.Fromthisassociation,ๆhascometomeanfixedperiodoftimeorterm.
ๅฎๆ ใฆใใ teiki regular;abbreviation(commuter'spass)ๅญฆๆ ใใฃใ gakki schoolterm/semesterๆ้ ใใใ kikan term,period
______ใใใ kigen deadline,timelimitใใใใ ใใใ tankidaigaku juniorcollegeใฉใใใใ dลkisei graduatesinthesameyear
61ๅธkenใฑใณ
ticket
ๅธcombinesbamboosheetmarkedwithanร,andๅswordorknife.AncientChinesewouldscratchathinbambooscrollwithaknifeandgiveonehalftoanotherpersonasacertificate.Fromthis,ๅธhascometomeanticket.
ๅธ ใฑใณ ken ticketๅฎๆๅธ ใฆใใใใ teikiken commuter'spass
______ใใใใใใใ jลshaken train/busticket
็ฆนๅฎๅธ ใใฆใใใ shiteiken seatreservationticketใใใใ ryoken passport
62็ณmล-su,shinใใใปใใใทใณ
say,report
็ณderivesfrom,whichispartofthekanjiforlightning้ป(cf.77).Onespeakstoasuperiorwiththesameaweorfearonehasinthepresenceoflightning.Thus็ณmeanssayinahumbleform.
็ณใ ใใใ mลsu tosay(humbleform)______
ใใใใใใ shinseisuru toapply/petitionforใใใใใใ shinkokusuru toreport,tonotify
63่พผko-muใใปใ
becrowded;countedin
่พผ,whichcombinesๅ ฅenter(cf.53)andproceed(cf.16้ฑ),isakanjicreatedinJapan.Fromitsoriginalmeaningofenterorgather,่พผhascometomeancountedorbecrowded.
่พผใ ใใ komu tobecrowded็ณ๏ผใ๏ผ่พผใ
ใใใใใ
mลshikomu
toapplyfor(enrollment,etc.);topropose(marriage)
______
ๆ(ใ)่พผใใฏใใใใ
haraikomu topayinto
๏ผใ๏ผ่พผใ
ใตใใใ furikomu totransfermoneybybank
64ๆธka-ku,shoใใปใใใทใง
write;book
ๆธdepictsahandholdingabrushandwritingonapieceofpaper.
ๆธใ ใใ kaku towrite็ณ่พผๆธ ใใใใใฟใใ mลshikomisho applicationform
______ใใใใใ shojล letterใฉใใใ dokusho readingbooksใใใใใใ sankลsho referencebookใใไธ jisho dictionary
ใใใใใฝ shorui documents,writtenmaterials
65ๆฐshiใท
family;surname
ๆฐderivesfromtheshapeofasewingneedle,suggestingaseam.Stitchesinaseam followone after another, like generations of a family.Thusๆฐmeansfamilyand,byextension,familyname.
ในใในๆฐ ในใในใ sumisushi Mr./Ms./Miss/Mrs.Smith________
66ๅna,meiใชใใกใค
name;reputation
ๅ combines ๅค, which depicts the moon above a mountain and meansevening,andๅฃmouth(cf.107),which impliesspeak.When itโsdifficult torecognizepeopleondarkevenings,theirnamesmustbespokenaloud.
ๅๅ ใชใพใ namae nameๆฐๅ ใใใ shimei fullnameๅไบบ ใใใใ meijin expert,master20ๅ ใซใใใใใ nijลซmei twentypeople
________ใชใใ Nagoya Nagoya
ๆๅใช ใใใใใช yลซmeina famous,well-knownใใใ meishi businesscard,namecard
67็ทotoko,danใใจใใใใณ
man,male
ๅฅณcombinesๅฅณ ricepaddy(cf.88)andๅฅณ,depictingastrongmanโsarmandmeaningpowerorforce.Powerinaricepaddyisassociatedwithman.
็ท ใใฉใ otoko man,male______
ใ ใใใ dansei man
68ๅฅณonna,joใใใชใใธใง
woman
็ทderivesfromapictographofawomanholdingababyinherarms.
ๅฅณ ใใใช onna woman,female็ทๅฅณ ใ ใใใ danjo menandwomen
______ใใใใ josei woman
69ๆญณtoshi,sai,(zai)ใจใใใตใคใ(ใถใค๏ผ
age,year,yearsold
Therightandleftfootๆญขsuggestthepassageoftime.Apikeๆandatreeๆจsuggesttheharvest.Thusๆญณmeansthepassageoftimeuntiltheharvest,oneyear.
ๆญณ ใฉใ toshi age25ๆญณ ใซใใ ใใใใ nijลซgosai 25yearsoldไฝๆญณ ใชใใใ nansai howold
______ไธๆญณ ใฐใใใ banzai hurrahๆญณๆ ใใใใค saigetsu timeๆญณๅ ฅ ใใใซใใ sainyลซ annualrevenue
70้ง ekiใจใญ
station
้ง combines้ฆฌ horse andๅฐบ, a unit of length deriving from the shape ofstretched fingers. In the past, stations were placed at regular intervals fortravelersandhorsestostopandrest.
้ง ใ ใ eki station้ง ๆ ใ ใใพใ ekimae infrontofastation้ง ๅ ใ ใใใ ekimei stationname
________ใ ใใกใใ ekichล stationmasterใ ใใใ ekiin stationemployee/staffใ ใในใ ekiben boxlunchsoldatastation
้ง ใใซ ใ ใใใซ ekibiru stationbuilding
71ไฝฟtsuka-u,shi
ใคใใปใใใท
use,messenger
ไฝฟcombinesใคmanandๅ,ahandholdingabrushandpapers,representingagovernment officer. Thus ไฝฟ suggests a superior employing or using hisofficers,andhascometomeanuseingeneral.
ไฝฟใ ใคใใ tsukau touseๅคงไฝฟ ใใใ taishi ambassador
________ไฝฟใๆน ใคใใใใ tsukaikata howtouse,directionsforuseๅคงไฝฟ้คจ ใใใใใ taishikan embassy
72็จmochi-iru,yลใใกใปใใใใจใฆ
use,usage;business
็จdepictsafenceusedtokeepsheepinoneplace,andhascometomeanuseingeneral.
็จ ใใ yล somethingtodo,businessไฝฟ็จใใ ใใใใใ shiyลsuru touseๅญฆ็็จ ใใใใใใ gakuseiyล forstudents
ๅฐ็จ ใใใใ sen'yล forprivate/exclusiveuse________
็จใใ ใใกใใ mochiiru touseใใใ yลshi blankform/paperใใใใใ riyลsha userใใใใใใ saiyลsuru toadopt;toemploy
73้hira-ku,a-ku,a-keru,kaiใฒใใปใใใใปใใใใปใใใใซใค
open
้depictstwohandsๅปพ(cf.85ๆ)removingtheboltไธfromagate้(cf.181)inordertoopenit.
้ใ ใฒใใ hiraku toopen้ใ ใใ aku toopen(vi.)้ใใ ใใใ akeru toopen(vt.)
______้ๅบใใ ใใใฆใใใ kaitensuru toopenashop;forashoptoopen้็บใใ ใใใฏใคใใ kaihatsusuru todevelop(vt.)
74ๅงhaji-maru,haji-meru,shiใฏใใปใพใใใฏใใปใใใใท
begin,start
ๅงcombinesๅฅณwoman(cf.68)andๅฐfoundation.Awomanisthefoundationofallourbeginnings.
ๅงใพใ ใฏใใพใ hajimaru tostart/begin(vi.)ๅงใใ ใฏใใใ hajimeru tostart/begin(vt.)้ๅงใใ
ใใใใใ kaishisuru tostart/begin
______้ๅงๆฅ ใใใใณ kaishioi startingdate
ๅงๆฅญๅผใใใใใใ
shigyลshiki
openingceremonyforanewsemesteratschool
75ไฝsu-mu,jลซใใปใใใธใฅใฆ
live
ไฝ,whichcombinesใคmanandไธปcandlewithastillflame,meansstaystillorliveinoneplace.Aspartofotherkanji,ไฝoftenmeansstaystill.
ไฝใ ใใ sumu tolive________
ไฝใพใ ใใพใ sumai residence,houseใใใใฟใใฒใใ jลซminnyล residentregistrationcertificateใใ ใใใ jลซtaku house,residence
76ๆtokoro,sho,(jo)ใจใใใใทใงใ(ใธใง๏ผ
place
ๆธderivesfromapictographofadoor,andๆคfromthatofanax.Theplacetokeepanaxisnearthedoor.
ๆ ใฉใใ tokoro placeไฝๆ ใใใใใ jลซsho addressๅๆ ใใใใ meisho famousplace
______ใใใใใใใ genjลซsho presentaddressใใใใใก shozaichi location,addressใใใใ kinjo neighborhood
77้ปdenใใณ
electricity
้ปisavariationof้ทthunder,whichcombines้จ rainand็ฐ ricepaddy(cf.88).้ปindicateslightning,andhascometomeanelectricity.
้ปๆฐ ใงใใ denki electricity้ปๅญ ใงใใ denshi electron
ใงใใใใ denryoku electricpowerใงใใก denchi batteryใงใใฝใ dempล telegram
78่ฉฑhana-su,hanashi,waใฏใชใปใใใฏใชใใใฏ
speak,talk;story
่ฉฑ,whichcombines่จwordorsayand่tongue,meansspeakorstory.
่ฉฑใ ใฏใชใ hanasu totalk,tospeak่ฉฑ ใฏใชใ hanashi story,talk,speech้ป่ฉฑ ใงใใ denwa telephone
______ไผ่ฉฑ ใใใ kaiwa conversation
ใใ ใ wadai topic,subjectofconversation/speechๅธๅค้่ฉฑ ใใใใคใใ shigaitsลซwa out-of-town/long-distancecall
79้
tล-ru,(dล-ri),tsลซใจใใปใใ(ใฉใใปใ)ใใใฆ
gothrough,pass;commute
้combinesgo(cf.16้ฑ)and,amanputtingastickthroughafence.Thus้meansgothroughorpass.
้ใ ใฉใใ tลru topass,togothroughใใน้ใ ใในใฉใใ basudลri streetwithbusservice้ๅญฆใใ ใคใใใใใ tsลซgakusuru togotoschool้ๅญฆๅ ใคใใใใใ tsลซgakusaki one'sschool
______้ๅธธ ใคใใใใ tsลซjล usually,normally
ใคใใใใใ tsลซkinsuru tocommuteใใใคใ kลtsลซ traffic,transportation
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅฎๆๅธ
2.็ณ่พผๆธ
3.้ๅญฆ
4.้ง 5.ๆฐๅ
6.็ท7.ๅฅณ8.ใๆญณ
9.ๅบ้
10.ไฝฟ็จ
11.้ๅงๆฅ
12.ๆ้
13.ไฝๆ
14.้ป่ฉฑ
15.ๅฎไผๆฅ
16.ๅญฆๆ
17.้ใ
18.้ง ๅ
19.ๅคงไฝฟ
20.ๆ21.็ณใ่พผใ
22.ใใชใใฎๅๅใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ
23.้ง ๅใใใฟใฏใทใผใซใฎใใพใใใ
24.ใใใฆใใใงใใใพใฉใ้ใใพใใใใ
25.ใฏใฉในใฏๅๆใซๅงใพใใพใใ
26.ใใใใฏๆฑไบฌใซไฝใใงใใพใใ
27.ใใฎใใฎใใใจใใ ใกใจ้ป่ฉฑใง่ฉฑใใพใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestion
Nowyouaregoingtobuyacommuterโspass.Fill intheapplicationform.
YouareastudentoftheUniversityofTokyoandyouraddressandthestationswhichyouwanttouseareasfollows:
โขAddress:ใฟใชใจๅบๅ ญๆฌๆจ1ไธ็ฎ2-1โขTelephone:03-4321-5678โขStations:ๅ ญๆฌๆจไธไธ็ฎ้ง ใใๆฑๅคงๅ้ง ใพใง
Therearethreechoicesforthetimeperiod.ThisisfromSeptember3toMarch2,inthe19thyearofHeisei(ๅนณๆ)(2007).
REVIEWEXERCISE:LESSONS1โ5
I.Connecteachkanjitoitscorrespondingpictograph.
II.Choosethecorrectkanjiforthegivenreadings.
I
LESSON6
WhichLineDoYouTake?
ไฝ็ทใซใฎใใพใใ
n major cities in Japan, subways are the primary means oftransportation.Themapaboveshowsthesubwaylinesandstations
inTokyo.Thelinesandtheirconnectionsseemquitecomplicated,butmost people still find the subway the most convenient way to getaround.All linesaremarkedwithadifferentcolor, and thesecolorsaredisplayedonroutemapsandsignsinthestationsthemselves.TheTokyosubwaysystemconsistsoftheTokyoMetroLinesandtheToeiLines,andmostofthesealsolinkupwiththeJR(JapanRailway)and
private railway lines.Subwaystationsareeasy tospot,because theyaremarkedwith big signs above station entrances, as shown in thephotoabove.
In this lesson youโll learn kanji to help you in using the subwaysystem.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I. Shown below is a simplified Tokyo subway map. If you live inTokyo,youmay recognize someof thekanji fromsigns.Asyoumatch thekanji and the readings for the followingstations, enterthecorrectlettersinthespacesprovided.
1.ใใฃใฝใใ()2.ใใใฆใพใก()3.ใใใฎ()4.ใจใใใใ()5.ใใใใ ใ()6.ใปใใใใใใกใใใ()
II. Using the map above, identify the lines that pass through thefollowing stations. Then enter the correct letters in the spacesprovided.
1. ()()()()2.ๅ ญๆฌๆจ()
3. ()()4.ๆฑไบฌ()
a.ใฒใณใ็ทb.ใใใใ ใ็ทc.ใฟใ็ทd.ใกใใ ็ทe.ใพใใฎใใก็ทf.ใจใใใ็ท
III.Asmentionedearlier,thesubwaylinesinTokyostretchinafinelymeshedpattern;youcangoinfromoneentrancetofourstationsina fewcases. at the signboardon the entranceandtrythequiz.
ใจใใใใใฏ(a.N11b.M22c.E07d.I12)ใงใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ไฝ็ท ใชใซใใ nanisen whatline,whichline2. ๅฐไธ้ ใกใใฆใค chikatetsu subway3. ใใฃใฝใใ Roppongi Roppongi(station)4. ใใใฆใพใก ลtemachi Otemachi(station)5. ใใใฎ Ueno Ueno(station)6. ใใใใ ใ Shinjuku Shinjuku(station)
7. ใปใใใใใใกใใใ
Hongลsanchลme
Hongo-Sanchome(station)
8. ใฒใณใใใ Hibiyasen HibiyaLine9. ใใใใ ใใใ Shinjukusen ShinjukuLine10. ใฟใใใ Mitasen MitaLine11. ใกใใ ใใ Chiyodasen ChiyodaLine12.ไธธใๅ ็ท ใพใใฎใใกใใ Marunouchisen MarunouchiLine13. ใฉใใใใใ Tลzaisen TozaiLine
14. ใฉใใใใใกใใญใใ
Tลkyลmetorosen TokyoMetroLine
15. ใฉใใใใ Toeisen ToeiLine(municipal)
3NewCharactersFourteencharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ไฝ็ทๅฐไธ้ๆไธๆฐ็ฐไปฃไธธๅ ่ฅฟๅถ
80ไฝnani,(nan)ใชใซใ(ใชใ๏ผ
what
ไฝisapictographofamanใคcarryingaๅฏpackonhisback.Thusไฝmeantapack,andnowitmeansโwhatโ.
ไฝๆ ใชใใ nanji whattimeไฝๆ้ ใชใใใใ nanjikan howmanyhoursไฝๅ ใชใใตใ nanpun howmanyminutes
ไฝๆๆฅ ใชใใใใณ nanyลbi whatdayoftheweekไฝๆฐ ใชใใซใก nannichi howmanydays/whatdayofthemonthไฝๆ ใชใใใค nangatsu whatmonthไฝไบบ ใชใใซใ nannin howmanypeopleไฝๅนด ใชใใญใ nannen howmanyyears/whatyear
________
81็ทsenใปใณ
line
็ทcombines็ณธ,twistedbundleofthread,็ฝwhite(cf.11็พ),andๆฐดwater.ๆณmeansspring,whosewateriscleanandwhite.Waterfromaspringflowsinalinelikethread.
็ท ใใ sen lineไธธใๅ ็ท ใพใใฎใใกใใ Marunouchisen MarunouchiLineJR็ท JRใใ JRsen JapaneseRailwayLineๅ ็ท ใชใใใ naisen extension(telephone)
______ๅฝๅ ็ท ใใใชใใใ kokunaisen domesticroute/flightๅฝ้็ท ใใใใใใ kokusaisen internationalroute/flight
ใใใใใใ Shinkansen Shinkansen(bullettrain)็ก็ทๅคใฟใฏใทใผ ใใใ musentakush! radiotaxi
82ๅฐchi,jiใใใธ
land,earth
ๅฐ combines modified fromๅ ground (cf. 31) andไน snake. Since snakesslitherontheground,ๅฐhascometomeanlandorearth.
ๅๅฐ ใฉใก tochi (pieceof)landๅฐๅ ใกใใ chimei placename
______ๅฐๅณ ใกใ chizu map
ใกใใ ใ chikyลซ theearth,theglobeใใใ jishin earthquake
83ไธshita,kuda-ru,ka,ge
ใใใใใ ใปใใใซใใฒ
below,under,down,lower;fall,descent
To indicatebelow,under,ordown, theancientChinesedrewadotbelowaline.Thiswaslatermodifiedtoไธ.
ไธ ใใ shita below,under,down,lower
ไธใ ใใ ใ kudari down,descent;abbreviationforไธใ้ป่ป
(outboundtrain)ๅฐไธ ใกใ chika underground
________ไธ็ ใใใ shitagi underwear
ไธ็บ ใใใพใก shitamachi thetraditionalshopping,entertainmentandresidentialdistricts(ofTokyo);downtownไธๆฐด ใใใ gesui sewerage
ใใใใใใ senenika onethousandyenorless
84
tetsuใใ
iron
้,which combines้metal (cf. 30) andๅคฑ lose, means iron, a metal thatlosesitsvaluewhenitrusts.
้ ใฆใค tetsu iron,steelๅฐไธ้ ใกใใฆใค chikatetsu subway
________้้ ใฆใคใฉใ tetsudล railway
ใใฆใค shitetsu privaterailwayline/company
85ๆte,shuใฆใใทใฅ
hand
ๆ derives from a pictograph of a hand.All the elements shown below areusedtorefertohand.
ๆ ใฆ te handๅฑฑๆ็ท ใใพใฎใฆใใ Yamanotesen YamanoteLine
ใใใฆใพใก ลtemachi Otemachi(place)______
ใฆใใฟ tegami letterใฆใใใใใ tesลซryล fee,charge,commissionใใใ kashu singerใใใใ joshu researchassociate,assistantใใใใ senshu athlete
86ไธue,nobo-ru,jลใใใใฎใผใปใใใธใงใฆ
above,on,up;upper;rise
To indicate above, on, or up, the ancientChinese drew a dot above a line.Thiswaslatermodifiedtoไธ.
ไธ ใใ ue on,above,up,upper,riseๅนดๅป ใฉใใใ toshiue elderไธ้ ใใใฎ Ueno Ueno(place)ไธใ ใฎใผใ nobori up,ascent
ไธไธ ใใใใ jลge topandbottom,upperandlower,upanddown
______
ไธใ้ป่ปใฎใผใใงใใใ
noboridensha inboundtrain
ๅฑไธ ใใใใใ okujล housetop,roof
ใใซใใใใใ
goninijล fivepeopleormore
ใใใใใ ใ jลkyลซ advancedcourse
87ๆฐatara-shii,shinใใใใปใใใใทใณ
new
ๆฐcombines็ซstand(cf.167),ๆจtree,andๆคax(cf.76ๆ).Fromtheideaofcutting a standing treewith an ax to produce fresh timber,ๆฐ has come tomeannew.Anotherversionsaysthatstandingtreesarecuttoclearnewland.
ๆฐใใ ใใใใใ atarashii newๆฐๅนด ใใใญใ shinnen theNewYearๆฐใ ็ ใใใซใใใใ shinnyลซsei newstudent/pupil
ใใใใใ Shinjuku Shinjuku(place)______
ๆฐไบบ ใใใใ shinjin newcomer,newfaceๆฐไฝๆ ใใใใใใใ shinjลซsho newaddressๆฐๅญฆๆ ใใใใฃใ shingakki newterm/semester
ใใใถใ shimbun newspaper
88็ฐ
ta,(da)ใใ(ใ )
ricefield,paddy
็ฐderivesfromapictographofaricefield.
็ฐ ใ ta ricefield,paddyไธ็ฐ็ท ใฟใใใ Mitasen MitaLineๅไปฃ็ฐ็ท ใกใใ ใใ Chiyodasen ChiyodaLine
________็ฐไธญใใ ใใชใใใ Tanakasan Mr./Ms.Tanakaๆฌ็ฐใใ ใปใใ ใใ Hondasan Mr./Ms.Hondaๅฐ็ฐๆฅ็ท ใใ ใใใใใ Odakyลซsen OdakyuLine
89ไปฃka-waru,yo,daiใใปใใใใใใใค
substitute,replace;price;generation
ไปฃ,whichcombinesใคmanandๅผweapon(cf.54ๅผ),cametomeansubstitute
from the idea of an army getting stronger asweaponswere substituted formanpower.Whenbuyingthings,moneyissubstitutedforacommodity;thusไปฃalsomeansprice.Anassociatedmeaningisgeneration.
ไปฃ๏ผใ๏ผใใซ ใใใใซ kawarini insteadไปฃใ ๆจ ใใใ Yoyogi Yoyogi(place)ใในไปฃ ใในใ ใ basudai busfareๆไปฃ ใใ ใ jidai period,epoch,eraไปฃ้ ใ ใใใ daikin price,charge
________้ปๆฐไปฃ ใงใใใ ใ denkidai electricitycharges
ใใใ ใ gendai presentage,moderntimesใใ ใ sedai generationใ ใใใซใ dairinin deputy,agent,substitute
90ไธธmaru,maru-iใพใใใพใใปใ
circle;round
ไธธ,whichdepictsamanroundinghisbacktoenteracave,meansround.Anassociatedmeaningiscircle.
ไธธ ใพใ maru circle
ไธธใ ใพใใ marui round,circular,spherical______
91ๅ uchi,naiใใกใใใค
inside
ๅ depictsamanไบบinsideahouseๅ,meaninginside.
้ฝๅ ใฉใชใ tonai insideTokyoๅนดๅ ใญใใชใ nennai withintheyearๅ ็ง ใชใใ naika internalmedicineunit;internalmedicine
______ใใกใใ uchigawa inside
ๅญฆๅ ไพฟ ใใใชใใณใ gakunaibin campusmailใใชใ kanai mywife
ๅธๅ ใใชใ shinai insideacity,civic
92่ฅฟnishi,sei,sai,(zai)
ใซใใใปใคใใตใคใ(ใถใค)
west
่ฅฟ,whichdepictsabirdinitsnest,suggestswestbecausethesunsetsinthewestwhenbirdsreturnhomeintheevening.
่ฅฟ ใซใ nishi westๆฑ่ฅฟ็ท ใฉใใใใใ Tลzaisen TozaiLine
________่ฅฟๆด ใใใใ seiyล theWest
ใใใใ Kansai Kansaiarea
93ๅถeiใจใค
perform,manage
ๅถderives from็. indicateshouseๅwith lights็ซon, andๅ representsrooms.Fromthis,ๅถhascometomeanperformworkormanagebusinessinanoffice.
้ฝๅถๅฐไธ้ ใฉใใใกใใฆใค toeichikatetsu metropolitansubwayๅธๅถ ใใใ shiei municipally-managed
________ใใใใใใ keieisha manager,executive
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅฐไธ้
2.ๅ ญๆฌๆจ
3.ๅคงๆ
4.ไธ้
5.ๆฐ
6.ๆฅ ็ท
7.ไธ็ฐ็ท
8.ๅไปฃ็ฐ็ท
9.ไธธใๅ ็ท
10.ๆฑ่ฅฟ็ท
11.ไฝ็ท
12.้ฝๅถ็ท
13.ๅฐๅ
14.ไธใ
15.ๅ ็ท
16.ๆไปฃ
17.่ฅฟ18.ๆฐๅนด
19.ไธใ
20.ๆฑใฎใใใซใไธธใๆใใงใฆใใพใใ
21.ไธ็ฐใใใฏใใใใใไบใคๅนดไธใงใใ
22.ๆฐ ใซใฏๆฐใใใใซใใใใใใใใพใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionMiyukiwillgoshoppingtomorrowinRoppongiwithherfriendIchiroon her way home from her university, which is at Hongo. She issupposedtomeethimatRoppongiStation(ๅ ญๆฌๆจ)at4:00P.M.ShecangotoHongo-sanchomeStation(ๆฌ้ทไธไธ็ฎ),neartheuniversity,atabout3:15P.M.SheischeckingtherouteontheInternet.
Lookattheinformationaboveandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whichrouteisthefastest?A.Route1B.Route2C.Route3D.Route4
2.Whichroutetakesthemosttime?A.Route1B.Route2C.Route3D.Route4
3.WhichroutedoesnโttaketheToeilines?A.Route1
B.Route2C.Route3D.Route4
4.Whichrouteisthecheapest?
A.Route1B.Route2C.Route3D.Route4
5.WhichroutechangestrainsfromoneToeilinetoanotherToeiline?A.Route1B.Route2C.Route3D.Route4
E
LESSON7
BuyingTicketsใใฃใทใใใใพใใใ
xcept for long-distance tickets, ordinary subway and railroadticketsarevalidonlyonthedayofissue.Couponticketsarealso
availableforabouta10%discount.SincedifferentkindsofticketsarerequiredbytheTokyo-Metro,Toei,JR,andprivatelines,careshouldbetakentousethepropervendingmachinesinstationsservingmanylines.Long-distanceticketsofhighervaluesareusuallypurchasedatticketwindows.Atmanystations,automatedticketgatesarereplacingconventionalones,asseeninthephotoabove.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I. Below right is a simplified routemap of theYamanote andChuo Lines.Thestationsmarkedโareconnectingstations.TheYamanoteLineisaloop,andittakesaboutanhourtomakeacomplete circle. The Chuo Line starts from Tokyo station, cutsthroughthecenteroftheYamanoteLine,andgoesasfarasTakao,about50kilometersfromitsstartingpoint.
Study the fare chart at Shinjuku station, and then answer thequestions.
1.ๆฐ ใใใคใใฎ้ง ใพใงใฏใใใใงใใใ
a.ใใใฐใ()ๅb.ใใใ()ๅc.ใใกใใฎใฟใ()ๅd.ใชใใฎ()ๅ
2.ๅฑฑๆ็ทใจไธญๅคฎ็ทใฎ้ฃ็ตก้ง ใฏใฉใใจใฉใใงใใใ
II.Shownbelowarevariouskindsof ordinary tickets and a couponticketfortheJRlines,purchasedatShinjukustation.Thecouponticket isvalidforaspecified journey.Thechildโs ticket looks the
same as the adultโs ticket, but it ismarkedwith a kanjimeaningโsmallโ.
Also included are the IC cards โSUICAโ and โPASMO.โSUICAandPASMOareusefulcards that let theusergo throughautomaticticketgateswithatouchonthescannerateitherendofajourney,andcalculatetheappropriatefare.
Matchtheappropriatetickettoeachstatementbelow,andwritethecorrectletters(athroughe)inthespacesprovided.
Example:(d) ่กใใฎใใฃใทใงใใ
1.ๆฐ ใใไปฃใ ๆจ่กใใฏๅคงไบบใฏ130ๅ()ใใใฉใใฏ60ๅ()ใงใใ
2.()ใฏใใฎๅบ้ใ ใใฎๅๆฐๅธใงใใ
3.()ใฏJRใๅฐไธ้ใชใฉๅ จ็ทใซใฎใใพใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ใใฃใท kippu ticket
2. ใใใ Yoyogi Yoyogi(station)(*seeLesson2,23ๆ๏ผ
3.่ชๅณ ใใฉใ jidล automatic4.ใใใฐ uriba (ticket)vendingarea
5.(ใ๏ผใใใชใ (go)annai information
6. ใใใใ ekimei stationname
7. ใใใใใ ryลkin fare
8. ใใถใ Shibuya Shibuya(station)
9. ใใใถใใ Ikebukuro Ikebukuro(station)
10. ใใชใใ Shinagawa Shinagawa(station)
11. ใใใฐใ Shimbashi Shinbashi(station)
12. ใชใใฎ Nakano Nakano(station)
13. ใใคใ Yotsuya Yotsuya(station)
14. ใใกใใฎใฟใ Ochanomizu Ochanomizu(station)
15. ใใใ Kanda Kanda(station)
16. ใใพใฎใฆใใYamanotesen YamanoteLine
17.ใกใใใใใใ Chuลsen ChuoLine
18.้ฃ็ตก ใใใใ renraku connection19.ใ่กใ ใใใ/ใใ ~iki/yuki boundfor~
20. ใใฉใช otona adult21.ๅฐ ใใใ shล abbreviationforchild22.ใใฉใ kodomo child
23. ใใใใใใ kaisลซken couponticket
24. ใใใใ zensen allalongtheline
3NewCharactersTwelvecharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅฑฑไธญๅคฎ้ฃ็ตก่ชๅๅฐไบบๅ จ่กๅ
94ๅฑฑyama,san,(zan)ใใพใใตใณใ(ใถใณ๏ผ
mountain
ๅฑฑderivesfromapictographofmountains.
ๅฑฑ ใใพ yama mountainๅฑฑๆ็ท ใใพใฎใฆใใ Yamanotesen YamanoteLine็ซๅฑฑ ใใใ kazan volcano
______ๅฑฑ็ฐใใ ใใพใ ใใ Yamadasan Mr./Ms./Miss/MrsYamada
ใตใใใ Fujisan Mt.Fuji
95ไธญnaka,chลซ,(jลซ)ใชใใใใฅใฆใ(ใธใฅใฆ๏ผ
middle,inside;throughout
ไธญdepictsaboardwitharodthroughitscenter.
ไธญ ใชใซใฝ naka theinside,theinteriorใชใใฎ Nakano Nakano(place)
ไฝฟ็จไธญ ใใใใกใใ shiyลchลซ inuse,occupiedไธๆฅไธญ ใใกใซใกใใใ ichinichijลซ alldaylongๆฐๆฌไธญ ใซใปใใใใ nihonjลซ throughoutJapan
______ไธญๅญฆ ใกใ ใใใ chลซgaku juniorhighschool
ใกใ ใใใ chลซshin centerใกใ ใใใ ใ chลซkyลซ intermediatecourseใกใใใ chลซko used,secondhand
96ๅคฎลใชใฆ
center,middle
ๅคฎdepictsamanstandingwitharmsoutstretchedinthemiddleofahouse.
ไธญๅคฎ ใกใ ใใใ chลซล thecenter,themiddleไธญๅคฎๅบ ใกใ ใใใใ chลซลku ChuoWardไธญๅคฎ็ท ใกใใใใใใ chลซลsen ChuoLine
______
97้ฃtsu-reru,renใคใปใใใใฌใณ
connect,link;takealong
้ฃmeansconnectorlink,becausevehicles่ป(cf.106)onaroad (cf.16้ฑ)
followoneafteranotherlikelinksinachain.
้ฃใใฆ่กใ ใคใใฆใใ tsureteiku totake(someone)along/with้ฃไผ ใใใใ ใ renkvลซ consecutiveholidays
______ใใใใ kanren relation,connection
ๅฝ้ฃ ใใใใ Kokuren abbreviationforๅฝ้้ฃๅ(theUnitedNations)
98็ตกkara-mu,rakuใใใปใใใฉใฏ
gettangled;connect
็ตกcombines็ณธthread(cf.81็ท)andๅ,whichbyitselfmeanseach(cf.120)buthere indicatesaknotted thread.A threadwithknotsgets tangledeasily.Anassociatedmeaningisconnect.
้ฃ็ตกใใ ใใใใใใ renrakusuru toconnectwith,tomakecontact
้ฃ็ตกๅ ใใใใใใ renrakusaki wheretocontact้ฃ็ตก้ง ใใใใใใ renrakueki connectingstation,junction
________็ตกใ ใใใ karamu togettangled้ฃ็ตกใญ ใใใใใใก renrakuguchi connectiongate
ใใใใใคใใ renrakutsลซro connectingpassageway
99่ชji,shiใธใใท
self
่ช derives from a pictograph of a nose. In Japan, pointing at oneโs noseindicatesIorme.
่ชๅ ใใถใใ jibun oneself,onesown________
ใใใใช jiyลซna free,unrestrictedใใใ jitaku one'sownhome/houseใใใ shizen nature
100ๅugo-ku,dล
ใใใปใใใใฆ
move
ๅcombines้,manstandingonapileofheavythingsontheground,andๅforce(cf.67็ท).Evenheavythingswillmoveifgreatforcesareexertedonthem.
ๅใ ใใใ ugoku tomove(vi.)่ชๅ ใใฉใ jidล automatic
______ๆๅ ใใ ใฉใ shudล manuallyoperated,hand-powered
ใใใฉใใใ undลsuru toexercise,tocampaign,tomove
101ๅฐko,chii-sai,shลใใใกใใปใใใใทใงใฆ
small,little
ๅฐdepictsastickshavedonbothsidestomakeitslenderandsmall.
ๅฐใใ ใกใใใ chiisai small,littleๅฐๅญฆ็ ใใใใใใใ shลgakusei schoolchildren
______ใใฅใคใฟ kozutsumi parcelใใใใใค shลsetsu novel
ๅฐๅ ็ง ใใใใซใ shลnika pediatricsๅคงๅฐ ใ ใใใใ daishล largeandsmall,size
102ไบบhito,jin,ninใฒใจใใธใณใใใณ
humanbeing;person
ไบบderivesfromapictographofaman.Whenusedasaradical,ไบบiswrittenใค.
ไบบ ใฒใฉ hito personๆฐๆฌไบบ ใซใปใใใ nihonjin aJapanese(person)ๆฌไบบ ใปใใซใ honnin thepersonhimself/herself,thesaidpersonๅคงไบบ *ใใฉใช otona adultไบไบบ *ใตใใ futari twopeople
________ใใ ใใ shujin husband;shopowner
ไบบ้ ใซใใใ ningen humanbeing
103ๅ จzenใผใณ
all,whole;entirely
ๅ จ represents amound ofๅ earth containing everything or covering thewholeareaunderneath.
ๅ จ็ท ใใใใ zensen all(train/bus)lines,allalongthelineๅ จๅญฆ ใใใใ zengaku thewholeuniversityๅ จ้จ ใใใถ zembu all,whole
________ๅ จๅฝ ใใใใ zenkoku thewholecountry
ใใใใ zentai thewholeใใใใ zen'in allmembersใใใใใช kanzenna perfect,complete
104่กi-ku,yu-ku,kล,gyลใใปใใใใปใใใณใฆใใฎใงใฆ
go;line(ofatext)
่กderivesfromtheshapeofacrossroad,meaninggo.Theradicalๅฝณreferstogooraroad.
่กใ ใใ/ใใ iku/yuku togo
่กใๅ ใใใใ/ใใใใ ikisaki/yukisaki destinationofajourney,oneswhereabouts
ไธ่ก็ฎ ใใใใใใ sangyลme thethirdline(onapage)______
ใ่ก๏ผใ๏ผ
ใใ/ใใ ~iki/yuki boundfor~ใใใใใใ ryokลsuru totravel,tomakeatrip
105ๅmawa-ru,mawa-su,kaiใพใใปใใใพใใปใใใซใค
goaround;times
ๅderivesfromapictographofawhirlpool,whichgoesaroundincircles.
ๅใ ใพใใ mawaru toturn/goaround,tomakeatourๅใ ใพใใ mawasu toturn/move/pass(something)round
ใใใใใใ kaisลซken couponticketๅๅ็ฎ ใใใใใ yonkaime thefourthtime
______ๅๅ ใใใใ zenkai thelasttime
ใใใ jikai thenexttimeใใใใ kaisล out-of-servicecar/train
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ไปฃใ ๆจ
2.่ชๅ
3.ไธญ
4.ๅฑฑๆ็ท
5.ไธญๅคฎ็ท
6.้ฃ็ตก
7.ใ่กใ
8.ๅคงไบบ
9.ๅฐ
10.ๅ ๅธ
11.ๅ จ็ท
12.ไฝฟ็จไธญ
13.ๆฅๆฌไธญ
14.ไธญๅคฎ
15.่ชๅ
16.ๅฐๅญฆ็
17.ๆฅๆฌไบบ
18.ไธไบบ
19.ไบไบบ
20.ไธไบบ
21.ๅใ
22.ใในใฎไธญใงใจใใ ใกใซใใใพใใใ
23.ไบๆใฎ้ฃไผใฏใฉใใธ่กใใพใใใๅฑฑใธ่กใใพใใ
24.ๆฅๆๆฅใฏใจใฌใใผใฟใผใๅใใพใใใ
25.ๅฐใใ้ง ใซใฏใจใพใใพใใใ
26.ไธ่ก็ฎใใใใงใใ ใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionYou are at Shinjuku station.Below is a simplified routemapof theYamanote and Chuo Lines. The stations markedโ areconnecting stations. The number in the square is the fare fromShinjukustation.
1.YouaregoingtotheUenostation.Howmuchistheticket?A.ยฅ130B.ยฅ150C.ยฅ160D.ยฅ190
2.YouaregoingtoTokyostation.Whichrouteisthefastest?A.YamanoteLineviaIkebukurostationB.YamanoteLineviaShinagawastationC.ChuoLineviaYotsuyastationD.ChuoLineviaNakanostation
3.Youareagraduatestudent.YougotoYotsuyaafewtimesaweek.Whichisthecheapest?A.ordinaryticketB.couponticketC.ICcardD.childโsticket
4.Nowyou are at Shimbashi station.When you go toNakano station,whichrouteisthefastest?A.YamanoteLineviaIkebukurostationB.YamanoteLineviaShinagawastationC.transfertoChuoLineatShinjukustationD.transfertoChuoLineatTokyostation
A
LESSON8
TakingtheTrain้ป่ปใซใฎใใพใใใ
fterbuyingaticket,findingtherightplatformcanbeachallenge.Near the ticket gates in the station, there are guideboards that
showallthestationsalongtheline,andindicatethestationwhereyouareandtheplatformnumbersfordifferentdestinations.IfyoutaketheMarunouchiLinefromTokyostation,forexample,theplatformswillbe marked 1 ๆฐๅฎฟๆน้ข and 2 ๆฑ ่ขๆน้ข. Guide boards on theplatforms show the terminal stations and othermajor stations along
the way. Thus, to go from Tokyo to Yotsuya, you will need torecognize at least three signsโ ๆฑไบฌ, ๅใ่ฐท, and ๆฐๅฎฟ โandproceedtoplatformnumber1.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
Suppose this is Tokyo station. Look at the signs and choose thecorrectanswers.
1.้ง ใฎใใผใ ใซใฏ(a.ๅ ฅๅฃb.ๅบๅฃ)ใใใฏใใใพใใ
2.ๆฐ ่กใใฏ(a.1b.2)็ช็ทใงใใ
3.ๅคงๆ ๆน้ขใฏ(a.1b.2)็ช็ทใงใใ
4.ๅใ ๆน้ขใฎ้ป่ปใฏ(a.1b.2)็ช็ทใงใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใงใใใ densna train2. ใใผใ nลmu platform3. ใใใใก irigucni entrance4. ๅบๅฃ ใงใใก deguchi exit5. ใใฐใใใ ~bansen trackno.~6. ใๆน้ข ใใปใใใ ~hลmen boundfor~7. ใใคใ Yotsuva Yotsuya(station)
3NewCharactersSix characters are introduced in this lesson.Use the explanations tohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
่ปๅฃๅบๆน้ข็ช
106่ปkuruma,shaใใใพใใทใฃ
wheel,car,vehicle
่ปderivesfromapictographofacarriagewithwheels,meaningwheelorcar.
่ป ใใใพ kuruma car,wheel้ป่ป ใงใใใ densna train่ปๅ ใใใชใ snanai theinsideofacar/train
________่ชๅ่ป ใใฉใใใ jidลsna automobile
ใใฆใใใ jitensha bicycleไธ่ปใใ ใใใใใ gesnasuru togetoff(atrain/car)
107ๅฃkuchi,(guchi),kลใใกใ(ใใก)ใใณใฆ
mouth
ๅฃ derives from a pictograph of a mouth. Associated meanings includeopening,entrance,exit,andman.
ๅฃ ใใก kucni mouth;openingๅ ฅๅฃ ใใใใก irigucni entranceๆฑๅฃ ใฒใใใใก nigasnigucni eastexitไธญๅคฎๅฃ
ใกใ ใใใใใก chลซลguchi centralexit
ไบบๅฃ ใใใใ jinkล population______
ใใใใคใใกkaisatsugucni ticketgate,wicket
ใใใ kลza bankaccount
ใพใฉใใก madoguchi window(inapublicoffice,bank,orstation)
108ๅบde-ru,da-su,shutsu,(shuโ)ใงใปใใใ ใปใใใทใฅใใ(ใทใฅใ๏ผ
goout,comeout;takeout;send;leave
ๅบdepictsaplantcomingoutofthegroundalittlemorethantheplantinthekanjiๅ(cf.31).
ๅบใ ใงใ aeru togo/comeoutๅบๅฃ ใงใใก aeguchi exitๅบๅ ฅๅฃ ใงใใใใก aeiriguchi doorway,entranceandexit
ๅบใ ใ ใ aasu totakesomethingout;tosend(aletter);tosubmit
______ๅบๅ ใงใพใ aemae orderingoutforfood
ใฆใใใใคใใ
teishutsusuru tosubmit
ใใใ ใคใใyushutsusuru toexport
ๅบๅธญใใ
ใใ ใฃใใใใ
shussekisuru toattend,tobepresent
ๅบๅฝใใ
ใใ ใฃใใใใ
shukkokusuru toleavethecountry
109ๆนkata,(gata),hล,(pล)ใใใ(ใใ)ใใใฆใ(ใใฆ๏ผ
direction,side;method;person
ๆนderivesfromapictographofaplowwithahandlestretchingoutonbothsidesasifindicatingtwodirections.Anassociatedmeaningismethod.
ๆธใๆน ใใใใ kakikata howtowrite,(wayof)writingใใฎๆน ใใฎใใ konokata thisgentleman/ladyๅฐๆน ใกใปใ chihล region,locality,district,theprovincesไธๆน้่ก ใใฃใฝใใคใใใ ippลtsลซkล one-waytraffic
________ใใใใ yลซgata eveningใปใใใ hลkล directionใปใใใ hลgen dialect
110้ขmenใกใณ
face,surface
้ขrepresentsafaceenclosedinasquare.Surfaceisanassociatedmeaning.
(ใ๏ผ้ข (ใ๏ผใใ (o)men maskใๆน้ข ใใปใใใ ~hลmen boundfor~;~anditsvicinity
______้ขไผใใ ใใใใใใ menkaisuru tomeet,toreceive(aguest)
ใใใใคใใ mensetsusuru tointerviewใใใใ menseki area,squaremeasure
111็ชbanใใณ
number,turn;keepwatch
็ช combines้ hand sowing seeds, and็ฐ rice paddy. Farmers keep watchoverthepaddyinturnuntilharvesttime.Thus็ชmeanskeepingwatch,turn,andalsonumberwhentheorderofsomethingisindicated.
ไธ็ช ใใกใฐใ ichiban no.1,themostไบ็ช็ฎ ใซใฐใใ nibanme thesecondไธ็ช็ท ใใใฐใใใ sambansen track/platformno.3็ชๅฐ ใฐใใก banchi numberofahouse,address
______ใใใฐใ kลban policeboxใใ ใใฐใ jumban orderonesturnใฐใใใฟ bangumi TV/radioprogramใฉใใฐใ tลban persononduty/watch
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.้ป่ป
2.ๅ ฅๅฃ
3.ๅบๅฃ
4.ใ็ช็ท
5.ใๆน้ข
6.่ป7.่ปๅ
8.ไธญๅคฎๅฃ
9.ไบบๅฃ
10.ๅบๅ ฅๅฃ
11.ๆธใๆน
12.ๅฐๆน
13.ไธๆน้่ก
14.็ชๅฐ
15.ๅฃใๅคงใใ้ใใฆ่ฉฑใใฆใใ ใใใ
16.ๅฑฑใจๅฑฑใฎ้ใใๆฅใๅบใฆใใพใใใ
17.ใใฎๆนใฏใฉใชใใงใใใ
18.ใ็ฅญใใงใ้ขใใใใพใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionRead thedialoguebelow involving twogirlson theirmobilephonesandanswerthequestions.
ใชใต๏ผ ใใใใใใใใใกใใ๏ผ
ใใใ: ใใใใฉใใใใฎ๏ผ
ใชใต๏ผ ๅพ ใกๅใใใซใใใใฆใใใใญใไปใใพใ ๆฐๅฎฟใซใใใฎใ
ไธ้ใพใงใใฉใใใฃใฆ่กใใฐใใใฎ๏ผ
ใใใ.ใชใต๏ผ
ๅฑฑๆ,็ทใซใฎใใฐใใใใๆธ่ฐทๆน้ขใฉๆฑ ่ขๆน้ขใฎ้ป่ปใใใใใฉใใฉใฃใกใซใฎใใฐใใ๏ผ
ใใใ: ๆฑ ่ขๆน้ขใใไธ้ใพใงใ25ๅใใใใใใใใ
ใชใต๏ผ ใใใใฉใใ3ๆใพใงใซใฏ็ใใใชใ
ใใใ: ไธ้้ง ไธญๅคฎๅบๅฃใซใใใใใ็ใใใใพใ้ป่ฉฑใใฆใใไธๅถใๅบๅฃใใใใใใใใใใ่ฟทใฃใฆใใพใใฉใใใใใใใใใใใชใในใใใกใฐใๅใซใฎใฃใฆใ
ใชใต๏ผ ใฉใใใฆ๏ผ
ใใใ: ไธญๅคฎๅบๅฃใฏๅใฎใปใใซใใใฎใ3็ช็ทใซ็ใใใใใใฆ้ๆฎตใใใใฆๅบๅฃใฎๆนใธๆฅใฆใ
ใชใต๏ผ ใใใฃใใใใ้ป่ปใใใใ็ใใใ้ป่ฉฑใใใ
ใชใต๏ผไปใ็ใใใ้ๆฎตใใใฆใใใใใไธญๅคฎๅบๅฃใฃใฆๆธใใฆใใใฎใ่ฆใใใใใใ่กใใ
ใใใ: ใใไธใ
ใชใต๏ผ ๅพ ใใใฆใดใกใณใ
1.WhattimedidLisafirstmakeacall?A.11:00A.M.B.11:30A.M.C.3:30P.M.D.2:30P.M.
2.WhichtrainandwhichpartofthetrainshouldLisageton?A.ThefrontofthetraintowardsIkebukuroB.ThebackofthetraintowardsIkebukuroC.ThefrontofthetraintowardsShibuyaD.ThebackofthetraintowardsShibuya
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutUenostationiscorrect?A.Although there aremany platforms, it is not difficult to understand the
waybecausetherearenotverymanyexits.B.Youmustbecarefulinfindingthewaybecausetherearemanyexitsand
platforms.C.Becausetherearenotmanystairsandexits,youwillnotbelost.D.Becausetherearemanyexitsandstairsitishardtofindtheway.
4.WhatcanbesaidabouttherelationbetweenthecentralexitandtheplatformLisaโstrainarrivesat?A.Thecentralexitandtheplatformareonthesamefloor.B.Thecentralexitisonthefloorbelowtheplatform.C.Thecentralexitisonthefloorabovetheplatform.D.Thecentralexitisinfrontoftheplatform.
H
LESSON9
InsidetheStation้ง ใฎไธญ
aveyoueverbeenfrustratedbecauseyoucannotunderstandthesigns in stations?When you need to wash your hands, youโll
lookforthesignใๆๆดใ.Andonceyoureachit,youhavetofaceanotherdilemma:whichdoorwaytoenterโฆ.Ifyoutakeataxiorbusfromthestation,whichexitdoyouuse?ๆฑๅฃor่ฅฟๅฃ?Andwhenyouwant to buy coupon tickets, you must be able to recognize theappropriateticketmachine.
Fortunately, most of these problems are solved when you
understandthesigns.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I. The station below has ticket vending machines, an informationdesk, washrooms, information about taxis, and an emergencynotice. Fill in the spaces provided with the correct letters (athroughf).
1.้ง ใฎใใใชใใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผใงใใ
2.ใใจใใฎไบบใฎใใคใฌใฏ๏ผ๏ผใงใใ
3.ใใใชใฎไบบใฎใๆๆดใใฏ๏ผ๏ผใซใใใพใใ
4.ใใฃใทใฏ๏ผ๏ผใงใใใพใใ
II.Choosethecorrectanswers.
1.้ป่ปใฏใใใซใใพใใใ(a.ใฏใใb.ใใใใ)
2.ใฉใใใฆใงใใใ(a.ใใใใใฃใb.ๆฅๆๆฅใ )ใใใงใใ
3.้ป่ปใฏไฝๆใใใซใใพใใใ(a.3ๆb.5ๆ)ใใใซใใพใใ
4.ใใฃใทใใใฐใฎ(a.b.)ใฎ*ใใใใฏไฝฟใใพใใใ(*machine)5.ใใใฏ(a.ใใๅฃb.ใฟใชใฟๅฃ)ใงใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใใใชใใใ/ใใ annaijo/sho informationdesk
2. ใ ใใ danshi gentlemen
3. ใใใ joshi ladies
4. (ใ๏ผใฆใใใ (o)tearai washroom,toilet
5. ใฆใใใใใ tearaijo washroom,toilet(formal)6.ไบๆ ใใ jiko accident7. ใตใคใ futsu interruptionoftrainservice
8. ใใใใฉ koshล outoforder
9. ใใใใก kitaguchi northexit
10. ใฟใชใฟใใก minamiguchi southexit
3NewCharactersEightcharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationstohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study the
compoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅๅๆกๆดๅญไบๆ ไธ
112ๅkita,hoku,(boku),(hoโ)ใใใใใฏใ(ใใฏ๏ผใ(ใใ๏ผ
north
ๅ derives from a pictograph of two men sitting back to back and facingoppositedirections.Menusuallypreferfacing thesunorsouth.Thusๅhascometomeannorth,whichistheoppositeofsouth.
ๅ ใใ kita northๅๅฃ ใใใใก kitaguchi northexitๆฑๅๅฐๆน ใฉใใปใใกใปใ Tลhokuchihล Tohokudistrictๅ้จ ใปใใถ hokubu northerndistrict/part
________ๅๅ ใชใใผใ namboku southandnorthๅๅฝ ใใใใซ kitaguni northernprovinces/country
ใปใในใ Hokubei NorthAmericaใปใฃใใใฉใ Hokkaidล Hokkaido(island,district)
113ๅminami,nanใฟใชใฟใใใณ
south
ๅdepictsaplant insideashed.Sinceplants turn to face thesun(south),ๅhascometomeansouth.
ๅ ใฟใชใฟ minami southๅๅฃ ใฟใชใฟใใก minamiguchi southexitๆฌๅใขใธใข ใฉใใชใใขใธใข TลnanAjia SoutheastAsiaๆฑ่ฅฟๅๅ ใฉใใใใชใใผใ tลzainamboku east,west,southandnorth
________ๅใขใกใชใซ ใฟใชใฟใขใกใชใซ MinamiAmerika SouthAmericaๅๅฝ ใชใใใ nangoku southernprovinces/country
ใชใใฉใใฎใใ nantลnokaze southeasterlywindใชใใใใ nankyoku SouthPole,Antarctic
114ๆกanใขใณ
idea,plan,proposal
ๆกcombinespeacefulๅฎ (cf.233)andๆจ tree.Under thepeacefulshadeofatree,onemaycomeupwithagoodidea.Associatedmeaningsareplanandproposal.
ๆก ใใ an idea,plan,proposalๆกๅ ใใ ใใใชใใใ annaisuru toguide,toshowๆกๅ ๆ ใใใชใใใ/ใใ annaijo/sho informationcenterๆกๅ ๆธ ใใใชใใใ annaisno guidebookๅ ฅๅญฆๆกๅ ใซใใใใใใใชใ nyลซgakuannai guidetoadmissionintoschool
______ใใใใ gen'an originalplan/bill
ๆกๅ ๅณ ใใใชใใ annaizu guide/informationmapๅๆก ใใใใ meian goodidea/proposal
115ๆดara-u,senใใใปใใใปใณ
wash
ๆด combines the radical water (cf. 28ๆฐด) andๅ toes (cf. 48).ๆด originallymeantwashingtoeswithwater,andcametomeanwashingeneral.
ๆดใ ใใใ arau towash(ใ๏ผๆๆดใ (ใ๏ผใฆใใใ (o)tearai washroom,toiletๆๆดๆ ใฆใใใใใ tearaijo washroom,toilet(formal)ๆด้ขๆ ใใใใใใ semmenjo washroom,restroom
________ใใใใใ sentakuki washingmachineใใใใ senzai cleanser,detergent
116ๅญko,shiใใใท
child
ๅญdepictsababyinabundle,indicatingchild.
ๅญใฉใ ใใฉใ kodomo child็ทใฎๅญ ใใฉใใฎใ otokonoko boy็ทๅญ ใ ใใ danshi boy,man,maleๅฅณๅญ ใใใ joshi girl,woman,female
______ไบฌๅญใใ ใใใใใใ Kyลkosan Ms.Kyokoๅฅณๅญๅคง ใใใใ ใ joshidai women'suniversity/collegeๅฅณๅญๅญฆ็ ใใใใใใใ joshigakusei femalestudent
117ไบkoto,(goto),jiใใจใ(ใใจ)ใใธ
thing,affair;job
ไบdepictsahandholdingabamboocasecontaining fortunetellingsticks.Afortunetellerโsjobistoforecastvariousthings.
ไบ ใใฉ koto things,matter็ซไบ ใใ kaji fire(destructiveburning)็จไบ ใใ ใ yลji business,errand,thingstodoๅทฅไบไธญ ใใใใกใใ kลjichลซ underconstruction
______ใใใฉ shigoto work,job
ๅคงไบใช ใ ใใใช daijina importantใใใ jiken event,incidentใธใใใใ henjisuru toanswer,toreply
118ๆ
koใณ
deceased,old;accidental
ๆ combinesๅ ten,ๅฃmouth, andๆต, indicating an action (cf. 47 ๆป). ๅคimplies the act of oral transmission through some tengenerations,meaningold. ๆ thus means deceased as well as old. An associated meaning isaccidental,becauseoldthingsbreakdowneasily.
ไบๆ ใใ jiko accidentใใใใใใ
koshลsuru
(foramachine,etc.)tobreakdown,tobecomeoutoforder
______ๆ ไบบ ใใใ kojin thedeceased
ใใใใ kokvล hometown,nativeplace
119ไธfuใ
non-,un-(prefix)
ไธdepictsabird thathashitaceilingand isnotable to fly fartherup.ไธ isgenerallyusedasaprefixlikeun-ornon-.
ไธ้ ใตใคใ futsลซ interruptionoftrafficortelephoneserviceไธไพฟใช ใตในใใช fubenna inconvenient
______ไธ็จๅ ใตใใใฒใ fuyลhin unnecessary/uselessgoods
ใตใ fuka failure(inaschoolsubject)ใตใใใใ fusokusuru tobeinsufficient,tolack
ไธๆใช ใตใใใช fumeina unknown,obscure
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๆกๅ ๆ
2.็ทๅญ
3.ๅฅณๅญ
4.ใๆๆดใ
5.ๆๆดๆ
6.ไบๆ
7.ไธ้
8.ๆ
9.ๅๅฃ
10.ๅๅฃ
11.ๅ้จ
12.ๆฑๅใขใธใข
13.ๆฑ่ฅฟๅๅ
14.ๅ ฅๅญฆๆกๅ
15.ๆด้ขๆ
16.็ทใฎๅญ
17.็ซไบ
18.ใใใใฎๅคงๅญฆใๆกๅ ใใพใใใ
19.ใใฏใใฎๅใซๆใๆดใใพใใ
20.ๅญใฉใใฏใใๅคงใใใชใใพใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestion
Heavy snow is falling in the Tokyo area. A reporter for a newsprogramisbroadcastingfromTokyoStation.
ใฌใใผใฟใผ:
ใใใซใกใฏใใใใใฏใไปใๆฑไบฌ้ง ใซใใพใใใฟใฆใใ ใใใ ใใใใ
ใใตใฃใฆใใพใใไปๆฅใฏ1 ๆฑๅฐๆนใ ใใใฎใใใไธญๅคฎ็ทใฎๆฑ
ไบฌใปๆฐ ้ใไธ้ใๅฑฑๆ็ทใฎๆฑไบฌใปๆฐ ้ใไธ้ใงใใใพใใ ้ใ
ๅฐไธ้ใ2ใฎใใฎใ ใงใใๆฑไบฌใซใใใชใซ้ชใใตใใงใใๆฑไบฌใซใ
ใใชใซ้ชใใตใใฎใฏใ20ๅนดใถใใฎใใจใงใใ
ใฟใฏใทใผ ใๅ ดใซใใใใใใฎไบบใใชใใใงใใพใใใงใฏใใใกใใฎ็ทๆงใซใคใณใฟใใฅใผใใฆใฟใพใใใใ
ใใใซใกใฏใใใใ ้ชใงใใญใ
็ทๆง:
้ป่ปใๅใใชใใฆใใใพใฃใใใใฟใฏใทใผใซ ใใใจๅๅฃใซ่กใฃใใใ ใใใใใใใไบๆ ใใใฃใฆ้ใฏ่ปใงใใฃใฑใใใใใใๅใใฆใชใใฃใใ
ใ ใๆกๅ ๆใงใใใฆใใใใใงๅๅฃใซใใใใ ใใใงใใใใ1ๆ้ใใพใฃใฆใใใ
ใฌใใผใฟใผ: ใใฎ ใใใฟใฏใทใผใใใพใใใพใใใญใ
็ทๆง: ๆฑไบฌใฏ ใซใใใใญใ
1 ๆฑๅฐๆน:Kantoregion,2ใฎใใฎใ :lowspeedservice
1. What is the situation with the Chuo Line between Tokyo and Shinjukustation?A.interruptionoftrainserviceB.operatingaspecialtrainC.lowspeedserviceD.constructiondelay
2.Whatisthesituationwiththesubwayandtheprivaterailway?A.interruptionoftrainserviceB.operatingaspecialtrainC.lowspeedserviceD.constructiondelay
3.Whatisthesituationwiththenorthexit?A.Busserviceswereinterrupted.B.blockedbyheavysnowC.majortrafficjamD.Therewasnocabstand.
4.WhatdoesthemanthinkofTokyo?A.Itisveryconvenient.B.Thepersonintheinformationofficeiskind.C.Sometimehegetslost,becauseitisverywideandcomplicated.D.Itbecomesgridlockedwithtrafficwhenitsnows.
5.Whichitemdoesnotmatchthetext?A.Manypeoplearewaitingforthetaxiatthesouthexit.
B.ThetrafficsystemofTokyoisweakinsnow.C.PeopleofTokyoareusedtosnow.D.Whenitsnows,ataxiwillseldomcome.
I
LESSON10
OnthePlatform้ง ใฎใใผใ
fyouโve lived inJapanforsometime,youprobablyhavehad theexperienceoftakingthewrongtrainandwastingtimeandmoney.
Most lines have local trains, semi-express trains, express trains, andspecialexpresstrains.Mapspostedinsidethestationsandtrainsshowwhere each type of train stops. The sign in the upper photo showsdeparturetimes.Thelowerphotoshowsaplatformatastation.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I.Theguidebelowshowsallthestopsbetweenterminalstationsonaparticular line. The various types of trains are marked withโโฒโ โand labeled in kanji.Naturally, the fewer stops a trainmakes,thefasteritgoes.Fillinthespaceswiththecorrectletters(athroughg).
1.๏ผ๏ผใจ๏ผ๏ผใจ๏ผ๏ผใฏใฉใฎ้ง ใซใใจใพใใพใใ
2.๏ผ๏ผใไธ็ชใฏใใใงใใ
3.๏ผ๏ผใซใฏใ ใใใฎใใพใใใ
4.๏ผ๏ผใฏไบ็ช็ฎใซใฏใใใงใใ
5.๏ผ๏ผใฏไธ็ช็ฎใซใฏใใใงใใ
a.ใใใใใฆใใใ
b.ใจใฃใใ ใ
c.ใใ ใใใ ใ
d.ใใ ใใใ
e.ใใใฆใ
f.ใใใใ
g.ใตใคใ
II.TimetablesforbothweekdaysandSundays/holidaysarefoundonthe platforms. Shown below is part of a timetable for theMarunouchiLine.Readthetimetableandfillinthespaceswiththecorrecttimes.
1.ๆฐดๆๆฅใฎๅง็บใฏ()ๆ()ๅใงใใ
2.ๆฅๆๆฅใฎ็ต็บใฏ()ๆ()ๅใงใใ
III. This is part of a timetable for the Shinkansen Nozomiใฎใใฟ,HikariใฒใใandKodamaใใ ใพtrains.Alongthetoprowfromlefttorightisalistoftrains.Alongtheleft-handcolumnfromtoptobottomisalistofstations.Departureandarrivaltracknumbersarealsoindicated.Choose theanswers thatcorrectlycomplete thestatementson thenextpage.
1.ใฎใใฟ34 ใฏ(a.ๆฑไบฌใธ่กใใพใใb.ๆฑไบฌใใใใพใใ)
2.ใใ ใพ586 ใฏๆฑไบฌ(a.็บb.็)20ๆ56ๅใงใใ
3.ใฒใใ422 ใฎ็บ่ป็ช็ทใฏ(a.16b.26)็ช็ทใงใใ
4.ใใฎๆ ่กจใฏ(a.ไธใb.ไธใ)ใฎๆฐ ็ทใฎๆ ่กจใงใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใใใใใฆใใใkakuekiteisha localtrain
2.ๅๅ ใใใฆใ kakutei localtrain(abbreviationforๅ้ง ๅ่ป)
3. ใตใคใ futsลซ localtrain,slowtrain4.็นๆฅ ใฉใฃใใ ใ tokkyลซ specialexpress
5. ใใใใ kaisล out-of-service
6. ใใ ใใใ kyลซkล expresstrain7.ๆบๆฅ ใใ ใใใ ใ junkyลซ semi-expresstrain
8.ๅฟซ้ ใใใใ kaisoku semi-expresstrain9. ใใใใฒใใ jikokuhyล timetable
10. ใใฏใค shihatsu thefirsttrain11.็ต็บ ใใ ใใฏใค shลซhatsu thelasttrain
12. ใใใ ~gล trainnumber~13.ใ็บ ใใฏใค ~hatsu departurefrom/at~14.ใ็ ใใกใใ ~chaku arrivalat~
15. ใฏใฃใใใฐใใใhasshabansen traindeparturetrack
16.ใฉใใกใใใฐใใใ
tลchakubansen trainarrivaltrack
17. ใฎใผใ nobori inboundtrain
18. ใใ ใ kudari outboundtrain
19. ใใใใใใ Shinkansen Shinkansen(bullettrain)
3NewCharactersTwelvecharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅๅๆฎๆบๆฅ้ๅฟซ็น่กจ็ต็็บ
120ๅkaku,(kaโ)ใซใฏใ(ใซใ)
each,every
ๅcombinesๅคtrailingleg(cf.22ๅพ)andๅฃhererepresentingasquarestone.Whenlimpingdownarockyroad,onemuststopandrestateverystone.
ๅๅฐ ใใใก kakuchi each/everyplace,variousplaces/districtsๅ่ช ใใใ kakuji eachperson;respective
______ใใใ kakui Sirs(inaletter)
ๅๅฝ ใใฃใใ kakkoku each/everycountry,variouscountries
121ๅteiใใค
stop,stay
ๅcombinesใคman, immovable building, andไธ,which here represents aninsertednailandsuggestsremainingstill.ๅthusimpliespeoplewhostoporstayinoneplace.
ๅ้ง ๅ่ป ใใใใใฆใใใ kakuekiteisha localtrain
ใในๅ ใในใฆใ oasutei busstopๅ็ๆ ใฆใใใใใใ teiryลซjo bus/streetcarstop
________ๅ้ป ใฆใใงใ teiden powerfailureไธๆๅๆญข ใใกใใฆใใ ichijiteishi temporary/momentarystop,stop
122ๆฎfuใ
general,ordinary
ๆฎcombinesไธฆandๆฅ.ไธฆconsistsoftwo็ซstand(cf.167),meaningsidebyside.Combinedwithๆฅ,ๆฎimpliesthatthesunโsraysradiateoutoverawidearea. From this came themeaning of becomingwidespread and eventuallyordinary.Byitselfไธฆalsomeansordinary.
ๆฎ้ ใตใคใ futsลซ ordinary,regularๆฎ้้ป่ป
ใตใคใใงใใใ
futsลซdensha localtrain
________
ๆฎ้่ป ใตใคใใใ futsลซsha ordinary-classcar(train);ordinary-sizecar
123ๆบ
junใธใฅใณ
level;semi-,sub-
ๆบ,whichcombines water,้นfatbird(cf.26ๆ),andๅmany,suggestscalmwaterwheremanybirdsgather.Thesurfaceofcalmwaterislevel.
______-ๅใใ ใใ ใใณใใ jumbisuru toprepare
ใฒใใใใใ hyลjun standardๆฐดๆบ ใใใใ ใ suijun level
124ๆฅiso-gu,kyลซใใใปใใใญใฅใฆ
hurry;urgent;sudden
ๆฅ combines a hand reaching out to grab the man ahead, andๅฟ,whichderivesfromapictographofaheartandmeansmind.Joiningthesetogether,ๆฅmeanshurryorurgent.
ๆฅใ ใใใ isogu tohurryupๆฅ่ก ใใ ใใใ kyลซkล expresstrain/busๆฅ็จ ใใ ใใใ kyลซyล urgentbusinessๆบๆฅ ใใ ใใใ ใ junkyลซ semi-expresstrain
________ๆฅๅ่ปใใ ใใใใฆใใใใใ kvลซteishasuru tostop(car/train)suddenly
ใใ ใใใ ใใใ kyลซkyลซsha ambulanceๆฅ่กๅธ ใใใใใใใ kyลซkลken expressticket
125้haya-i,sokuใฏใใปใใใฝใฏ
fast,quick,prompt
้combinesๆbundletiedinthemiddleand go(cf.79้).Carryingthingsinabundleisfasterthancarryingthemonebyone.
้ใ ใฏใใ hayai fast,rapidๆ้ ใใใ jisoku speedperhour
______ใใใใค sokutatsu expressmailใใใฉ sokudo speed,velocity
126ๅฟซkaiใซใค
pleasant,comfortable
ๅฟซcombines avariationofๅฟmind,andๅคฌ,whichmeansopenbecausetheleftsideisopencomparedwithๅคฎ(cf.96).Openingthemindmakesonefeelpleasant.
ๅฟซ้ ใใใใ kaisoku highspeed,semi-expresstrain______
ใใใใ kaisei clearandbeautifulweatherๅ จๅฟซใใ ใใใใใใ zenkaisuru torecovercompletelyfromanillness
127็นtoku,(toโ)ใใฏใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
special
็นcombines whichisavariationof็cow(cf.227),atypicalslow-movinganimal,andๅฏบmovehandsandfeet(cf.23ๆ).็นthusindicatesacowmovingquickly,whichmakesitspecial.
็นใซ ใฉใ๏ผใ tokuni inparticular,especially็นๆฅ ใจใฃใใ ใ tokkyลซ specialexpresstrain/bus
______ใฉใในใคใช tokubetsuna specialใฉใใกใใ tokuchล strongpoint,meritใฉใใกใใ tokuchล characteristic,peculiarity
็นๆฅๅธ ใฉใฃใใใใใ tokkyลซken specialexpressticket
128่กจomote,hyล,(pyล)ใใใฆใใใงใฆใ(ใใงใฆ)
surface,front;list,table;expression
่กจcombinesๆฏhairorfurand่กฃclothes.Afurcoatisanoutergarment;thus่กจmeanssurface.Thesurfaceofathingcanalsoexpresssomethingaboutitscontent.Anexampleofthisisalist.
่กจ ใฒใใ hyล thesurface/front่กจ-4 ใฒใใใใ hyล-yon Table4ๆ้่กจ ใใใใฒใใ jikanhyล schedule(ofclasses,work),timetable
______่กจ้ข ใฒใใใใ hyลmen surface
ใฒใใใ hyลshi frontcoverofabookใใใใฒใใ jikokuhyล schedule(oftrains),timetable
ไปฃ่กจใใ ใ ใใฒใใใใ daihyลsuru torepresent
129็ตowa-ru,shลซใใปใใใใทใฅใฆ
end,cometoanend
็ณธthread(cf.81็ท)suggestsclosingabagbytyingit.ๅฌdepictsfoodsbeinghungovericetostoreforthewinter, theseasonthatendstheyear.Thetwocharacterstogethermake็ต,meaningend.
็ต๏ผใ๏ผใ ใใใ owaru toend,tobefinished็ต้ป ใใใใงใ shลซden lasttrain
________็ตๆฅ ใใ ใใใค shลซjitsu alldaylong
ใใใใฆใ shลซten laststop,railterminalใใใใใใใใ shลซryลsuru tobeclosed,tobecompleted
130็tsu-ku,ki-ru,(gi),chakuใคใปใใใใปใใ(ใ)ใใใฃใฏ
arrive;wear,dress
็combines whichderivesfrom็พsheep,and็ฎeye.Sheepareeasilyseenwhentheyarrive.Thus็meansarrive.Associatedmeaningsareattachandwear.
็ใ ใคใ tsuku toarrive็ใ ใใ kiru toputonclothesไธ็ ใใใ uwagi coat,jacketไบๆ็ ใใใกใใ gojichaku fiveo'clockarrival
______็็ฉ ใใใฎ kimono Japaneseclothes,kimonoไธ็ ใใใ shitagi underwear็ต็้ง ใใ ใใกใใใใ shลซchakueki terminalstation
็บ็ๆ้ ใฏใฃใกใใใใใ hatchakujikan departureandarrivaltimes
131็บhatsu,(haโ),(paโ)ใใใ(ใใ)ใ(ใใ๏ผ
leave,depart;emit
็บ combines ็ถ, depicting outspread feet ready to start walking, andindicatinglegsabouttoleaveastartingline.Thus็บhascometomeanleaveordepart.
ไบๆ็บ ใใใฏใค gojihatsu fiveo'clockdepartureๅง็บ ใใฏใค shihatsu thefirsttrain/bus็ต็บ ใใ ใใฏใค shลซhatsu thelasttrain/bus็บ่ปใใ ใฏใฃใใใใ hasshasuru todepart(train/car)ๅบ็บใใ ใใ ใฃใฑใคใใ shuppatsusuru tostart/depart
______ใฏใคใใใใ hatsuonsuru topronounce
็บ้ปๆ ใฏใคใงใใใ hatsudensho powerplant็บ่กจใใ ใฏใฃใดใใใใ happyลsuru toannounce,tomakeapresentation
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅ้ง ๅ่ป
2.ๆฎ้
3.็นๆฅ
4.ๅ
5.ๆฅ่ก
6.ๆบๆฅ
7.ๅฟซ้
8.ๆ ่กจ
9.ๅง็บ
10.็ต็บ
11.ใๅท
12.ใ็บ
13.ใ็
14.็บ่ป็ช็ท
15.ๆฐ ็ท
16.ๅ็ๆ
17.ๆฅ็จ
18.ๆ้
19.็นใซ
20.ๆ้่กจ
21.ๅบ็บ
22.ใใฃใทใฏๅ่ชใงใใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
23.้ป่ปใใใพใใๆฅใใงใใ ใใใ
24.ใใใใใจใฏ็ตใใใพใใใ
25.ๅๆใซๆฑไบฌ้ง ใซ็ใใพใใใ
26.ใใใใงใใญใไธ็ใ็ใฆๅบใใใพใใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionReadthepassageanddialogue,andanswerthequestions.
ๆฑไบฌใซไฝใใงใใใธใงใณใใใจใใผใซใใใฏใ ใฏใไผใฟใซ ใธ่กใใใจใซใใพใใใ
ใฏJR็ทใงใๆฑๆฅ็ทใงใ่กใใใจใใงใใพใใใใพใ ใฎใฃใใใจใใชใใฎใงๆฑๆฅ็ทใง่กใ
ใใจใซใใใพใใใใใคใใจใกใใ้ป่ปใซใฎใใฐใ ใฎใใใงใใฎใใใจใใใใใใใใง
ใใๆฑๆฅ็ทใฏ ใใ ใพใงใงใใ
ใใพไบไบบใฏใ ้ง ใใผใ ใฎ ๅป่กจใใฟใชใใใใฉใฎ้ป่ปใง่กใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใๆ้
ใฏ10ๆ45ๅใงใใ ใพใงๅ้ง ๅ่ปใชใใ ใใใ40ๅใๆฅ่กใชใ30ๅใ็นๆฅใชใ
25ๅใใใใพใใ
ใธใงใณ๏ผ ใผใใฏใ ใพใง้ป่ปใใฉใใช็บใใฏใใใฎใใใฃใใฟใใใใใใฎ้ป่ปใซใใใใชใ
ใใผใซ๏ผ
ใผใใฏใใฏใใ ใธ่กใใใใใใ้ใ้ป่ปใใใใ40ๅใ้ป่ปใซใฎใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใใ ใใ
ใธใงใณ๏ผ ใงใ็นๆฅใฎ็บ่ปใพใงใฏ15ๅใใใใใใใใงใพใค๏ผ
ใใผใซ๏ผ
ใใใชใซใพใคใชใใใปใใฎ้ป่ปใงใใใใใ
ใธใงใณ๏ผ
ใใใใใฎ้ป่ปใซใใใใใใ็บ่ปใใใใใใใซๅๅใใใชใใใใใใ ใใใ
1.WhattrainsdoJohnandPaulusuallytake?A.JRlinesB.JRlinesandTokyulinesC.TokyulinesD.TrainsotherthanJRlinesorTokyulines
2.WhydidtheychoosetheTokyuLinetogotoYokohama?A.Becausetheyareusedtotakingthatline.B.BecauseTokyulinesarefasterthanJRlines.C.BecauseTokyulinesarecheaperthanJRlines.D.Because they think itโsmoreenjoyable to take the trains that theyhave
neverbeenon.
3.ChoosethetrainthatJohnwantedtogeton.A.Thelocaltrainwhichstartsat10:46B.Thespecialexpresswhichstartsat11:00C.Theexpresstrainwhichstartsat10:50D.Thelocaltrainwhichstartsat10:54
4.ChoosethetrainthatPaulwantedtogeton.A.Thelocaltrainwhichstartsat10:46B.Thespecialexpresswhichstartsat11:00
C.Theexpresstrainwhichstartsat10:50D.Thelocaltrainwhichstartsat10:54
5.Choosethetrainwhichtheyeventuallydecidedtotake.A.Thelocaltrainwhichstartsat10:46B.Thespecialexpresswhichstartsat11:00C.Theexpresstrainwhichstartsat10:50D.Thelocaltrainwhichstartsat10:54
REVIEWEXERCISE:LESSONS6โ10
I.Findkanjihavingcommonradicalsorelements,andwritethemortheircorrespondinglettersintheblanks.
II. Find the antonyms to the kanji below, and write them or theircorrespondinglettersintheblanks.
A
LESSON11
AttheBank้่ก
llbanksinJapanhaveautomatedtellermachines(ATMs).Onceyou have opened an account and had a cash card with your
Personal Identification Number made, you can withdraw or depositmoney at anybranchor affiliatedbank.Becoming familiarwith thekanji at ATMs will help you use any type of machine. Banks areusually open from 9:00 A.M. to 3:00 or 4:00 P.M. Monday throughFriday, butATMsoperate 24 hours in some banks and conveniencestores.ATMsarealsoconvenientlylocatedindepartmentstores,large
stations,andshoppingstreets.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
Mr.Leeisatthebankwithhiscashcardandbankbook.HewantstousetheATMbutdoesnโtknowthemeaningofthekanjidisplayedonthemachine.Soheasksabankemployeeforassistance.
I.Readthedialoguebelowandwrite(a)or(b)inthespacesprovided.
ใชใผ๏ผ ใใใฟใพใใใใใพใใฉใกใใฎใใใใไฝฟใฃใใใใใงใใใใ
้่กใฎไบบ๏ผ ใใฎใใใใไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใใใใฎใใใใฏไฝฟใใพใใใใ
HerearesomekeywordstoknowwhenusinganATM.
II.Whilereadingthefollowingdialogue,lookatthekanjiontheATMscreen below and write the correct letters (A through F) in thespacesprovided.
1. ใชใผ๏ผ ใใ้ใ้ ใใใใใงใใใใฉใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใใงใใใใ
้่กใฎไบบ๏ผ
ใใฏใใใซใ______ใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใใใใใใ้ๅธณใฉใ้ใๅ ฅใใฆใใ ใใใใ
2. ใชใผ๏ผ ใ25๏ผ000ๅใๅผใๅบใใใใใงใใ...ใใ
้่กใฎไบบ๏ผ
ใใฏใใใซใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใใใใใใใซใผใใๅ ฅใใฆใๆ่จผ็ชๅทใๆผใใพใใใคใใซใ2โข5โข0โข0โข0ใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใๆญฃใใใฃใใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใใ
3. ใชใผ๏ผ ใใใฃใๆ่จผ็ชๅทใใพใกใใใ๏ผใฉใใใใใใใงใใใใ
้่กใฎไบบ๏ผ
ใ______ใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใใ
4. ใชใผ๏ผ ใใใพใใ้ใใใใๆฎใฃใฆใใใใใฟใใใใงใใ...ใใ
้่กใฎไบบ๏ผ
ใ______ใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใซใผใใๅ ฅใใฆใๆ่จผ็ชๅทใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใใ
5. ใชใผ๏ผ ใใ้ใใใใใใใ้ๅธณใซ่จๅ ฅใใใใใงใใโขโขโขใใ
้่กใฎไบบ๏ผ
ใ_____ใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใ้ๅธณใๅ ฅใใฆใใ ใใใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใใใใ ginkล bank
2. ใใใใ kyลซshi outofuse3. (ใ๏ผใฉใใใคใใ (o)toriatsukai
ใกใใ chu availableforuse
4.ใใใ kikai machine
5. ใคใใ tsukau touse6.ๆผใ ใใ osu topush
7. ใใใ ireru toputin
8.ๅใ ใฉใ toru totakeout9.ใใฟใณ botan button10.
(ใ๏ผใฒใใ ใ (o)hikidashi withdrawal
11.(ใ๏ผใใใใใ (o)azukeire deposit
12.ใคใใกใใใใซใใ tsลซchลkinyลซ entryinabankbook
13.ใใใ ใใใใใใ
zandakashลkai checkingthebalance
14.็ขบ่ช ใใใซใ kakunin confirmation15.่จๆญฃ ใฆใใใ teisei correction16.้ ใใ ใใใใ azukeru todeposit
17. ใคใใกใใ tsลซchล bankbook
18.ใใใใใใฐใใใ ansnลbangล codenumber;Personal
IdentificationNumber19.ๆญฃใใ ใใ ใใ tadashii correct20.ใพใกใใใ machigaeru tomakeamistake21.ๆฎใ ใฎใใ nokoru toremain22. ใใซใใใใ kinyลซsuru tomakeanentry
3NewCharactersEighteencharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
้ๅผ้ ๆผๅทๆ่จผ็ขบ่ช่จๆญฃๆฎ้ซ่จๅธณๅๆฑๆญข
132้ginใฎใณ
silver
้combines้metal(cf.30)and่ฎwhiterootorwhiteground.Whitemetalfrom theground is silver.Anotherexplanation is that่ฎ is like่ฏgood (cf.180้ฃ)without.Metalthatisnotasgoodasgold้issilver้.
้ ใใ gin silver้่ก ใใใใ ginkล bank
______ใใใ Ginza Ginza(place)
้ใกใใซ ใใใกใใซ ginmedaru silvermedalๆฐด้ ใใใใ suigin mercury
133ๅผ
hi-ku,(bi-ki),inใฒใปใใ(ใณใปใ)ใใคใณ
pull,draw;reduce
ๅผderivesfromapictographofabowandarrow.Whenshooting,thearrowispulledbackbeforeitโsletgo.
ๅผใ ใฒใ hiku topullๅผ๏ผใ๏ผๅบใ
ใฒใใ ใ hikidasu topull~out;towithdrawmoney
ๅผใๅบใ ใฒใใ ใ hikidashi drawer;withdrawal(frombankaccount)
______็พๅๅผ๏ผใ๏ผ
ใฒใใใใใณใ
hyakuenbiki onehundredyendiscount
ใใใใใ inryoku gravity
134้ asu-karu,azu-keru,yoใใใปใใใใใใปใใใใจ
receive/entrustforsafekeeping
้ combinesไบ in advance (cf. 243) and้ head or person. Preparing forsomethinginadvanceallowspeopletofeelsafe.Thus้ meansentrusttoorreceivefromsomeoneforsafekeeping.
้ ใใ ใใใใ azukaru tobeentrustedwith~้ ใๅ ฅใ ใใใใใ azukeire depositing้ ใใ ใใใใ azukeru toleave~insomeonescare;todeposit้ ้ใใ ใใใใใ yokinsuru todepositmoney
______ไธๆ้ ใใกใ ichiji checkroom,(ใ๏ผใๆ ใใใใใใ azukarisho temporarystorageๅฎๆ้ ้ ใฆใใใใใ teikiyokin fixeddepositๆฎ้้ ้ ใตใคใใใใ futsลซyokin ordinarydeposit
135ๆผo-suใใปใ
push,press
ๆผcombines hand(cf.85ๆ)and็ฒ,representingbothaturtleโsshellandthebackofahandbecauseoftheirsimilarshapes.Thusๆผmeanspushbecausewhenpushingsomething,oneseesthebackofoneโshand.
ๆผใ ใใ osu topush,topress______
ๆผ๏ผใ๏ผๅ ฅ๏ผใ๏ผ ใใใใ oshiire closet
136ๅทgลใดใฆ
number
ๅทdepictsamouthshouting.Inphysicaleducationclass,studentslineupandshoutout theirnumbers inorder.Thusๅทmeansnumberwhen it shows theorderofsomething.
็ชๅท ใฐใใใ bangล number(showinganorder)ๅ ญๅท่ป ใใใใใใ rokugลsha carno.6
______
ๅนดๅท ใญใใใ nengล nameofaneraไฟกๅท ใใใใ shingล signalไธๆๅท ใใกใใคใใ shichigatsugล Julyissue(magazine)
137ๆkura-i,anใใใปใใใขใณ
dark,unseen
ๆcombinesๆฅsunand้ณ,whichisformedbyaddingabarไธtoๅฃof่จsay(cf.78่ฉฑ)andsuggestsconfiningsomeoneโsvoicebycoveringhismouth.Ifthesuniscovered,itbecomesdark.Byitself้ณmeanssound.
ๆใ ใใใ kurai dark______
ๆๅท ใใใใ angล cipher,secretcodeๆๅฎค ใใใใค anshitsu photographydarkroom
138่จผshลใทใงใฆ
proof,certificate
่จผ,whichcombines่จsayandๆญฃcorrect(cf.142),suggestssayingsomethingcorrect.Thishascometomeanprooforcertificate.
ๆ่จผ็ชๅท ใใใใใใฐใใใ anshลbangล PersonalIdentificationNumberๅญฆ็่จผ ใใใใใใใ gakuseishล studentIDcard
______ไฟ้ใใ ใปใใใใใ hoshลsuru toguarantee
139็ขบtashi-kameru,kakuใใใปใใใใใซใฏ
ascertain,makesure
็ขบcombines็ณstone,ๅฎhouse,and้นbird(cf.26ๆ).Ifbirdshideinastonehouse,theycanbesureoftheirsafety.
็ขบใใใ ใใใใใ tashikameru tomakesure,toconfirm______
็ขบๅฎใช ใใใใคใช kakujitsuna sure,certainๆญฃ็ขบใช ใใใใใช seikakuna accurate,exact
140่ชmito-meru,ninใฟใจใปใใใใใณ
recognize,approve
ๅฟ,which combinesๅ blade (cf. 61ๅธ) and ๅฟ mind (cf. 124 ๆฅ), meansbearingpain.Withtheadditionof่จwords,่ชformerlymeantbearingsharpwords,andeventuallycametomeanrecognizeorapprove.
่ชใใ ใฟใฉใใ mitomeru torecognize,toapprove็ขบ่ชใใ ใใใซใใใ kakuninsuru toconfirm,tomakesure
______่ชๅฎใใ ใซใใฆใใใ ninteisuru toapprove,tocertifyๅ ฌ่ชใใ ใใใซใใใ kลninsuru toapprove/recognizeofficially
141่จteiใใค
correct
่จcombines่จwordsandไธnailhammeredintoaboardatarightangle(cf.121 ๅ). Thus ่จ means righting or correcting what has been written orspoken.
______ใใใฆใใใ kaiteisuru torevise
142ๆญฃtada-shii,shล,seiใใ ใปใใใใทใงใฆใใปใค
correct,right;main
ๆญฃ,which combinesไธ finish line andๆญข stop walking (cf. 149), suggestsstoppingwhenonehascorrectly reachedagoal (finish line).Now itmeanscorrectorrightingeneral.Mainisanassociatedmeaning.
ๆญฃใใ ใใ ใใ tadashii correct,rightๆญฃๆ ใใใใใค shลgatsu theNewYearๆญฃ้ข ใใใใใ shลmen thefront่จๆญฃใใ ใฆใใใใใ teiseisuru tocorrect
______ๆญฃๅผใช ใใใใใช seishikina formal
ใใใใ seikai correctanswer
143ๆฎnoko-ru,noko-su,zanใฎใใปใใใฎใใปใใใถใณ
remain,leftbehind
ๆฎ,whichcombinesๆญนboneand twoweapons(cf.33ๆ),representsbonesleftafterthemeathasbeentakenoffwithweapons.Thusๆฎmeansleftbehindorremain.
ๆฎใ ใฎใใ nokoru tobeleftover,toremain;tostayๆฎ้ ใใใใ zankin moneyleftover,bankaccountbalance
______ๆฎใ ใฎใใ nokosu toleaveๆฎๆฅญใใ ใใใใใใใ zangyลsuru toworkovertime
ใใใใ zansho latesummerheatใใใญใใช zannenna unfortunate,regrettable
144้ซtaka-i,(daka),kลใใใปใใ(ใ ใ)ใใณใฆ
high;expensive
้ซdepictsatwo-storyhouse,whichwasconsideredhighinancienttimes.Anassociatedmeaningishighprice,orexpensive.
้ซใ ใใใ takai high;expensiveๅ้ซ ใใใ ใ endaka highvalueoftheyenๆฎ้ซ ใใใ ใ zandaka bankaccountbalance
________ใใใใใค kลkiatsu highatmosphericpressureใใใใ kลkล highschool
145่จki
ใญ
takenote,write
ๅทฑsuggests that something lyingdownhas risenupandbecomenoticeable.Togetherwith่จwords,่จimplieswordstonote,andthusmeanstakenoteorwrite.
่จๅ ฅใใ ใใซใ ใใใ kinyลซsuru tomakeanentry,tofillout/inๆฐ่จๅทฑ ใซใฃใ nikki diary่จๅท ใใใ kigล mark,sign,symbolๆ่จใใ ใใใใใ ankisuru tolearnbyheart,tomemorize
________่จไบ ใใ kiji newsstory,article
ใใญใใณ kinenbi memorialday,anniversaryใใใถใใใใ shimbunkisha newspaperreporter
146ๅธณchลใใงใฆ
notebook
ๅธณcombinesๅทพhangingcloth,and้ท long,whichoriginallydepicted anoldmanwithlonghairleaningonacane.Alongclothwasusedasanotebookinancienttimes.
่จๅธณใใ
ใใกใใใใ
kichลsuru
tomakeanentryinabankbook;tosignavisitorsregister
้ๅธณ ใคใใกใใ tsลซchล bankbookๆๅธณ ใฆใกใใ techล smallnotebook,datebook
้ป่ฉฑๅธณใงใใใกใใ
denwachล telephonedirectory
______
147ๅto-ru,(do-ri)ใจใปใใ(ใฉใปใ๏ผ
take,get,acquire
ๅcombines่ณearandๅhand.Ancientwarriorsusedtotaketheearsofftheirconqueredenemies.Nowๅmeanstakeorgetingeneral.
ๅใ ใฉใ toru totake,togetๅ(ใ๏ผๅผ(ใ)ใใ
ใฉใใฒใใใ
torihikisuru totrade,tomakeadeal
ๅ(ใ)ๅบใ ใฉใใ ใ toridasu totakeout,topickout
้ๅ(ใ) ใพใฉใ madori roomarrangementofahouse,floorplan
______ๅ(ใ๏ผๆถ(ใ) ใฉใใใ torikeshi cancellation
148ๆฑatsuka-uใใคใใปใ
treat,dealwith,handle
ๆฑcombines hand(cf.85ๆ)andๅanotherhandreachingout foraman.Onlywhenhandsreachsomething,canonetreatorhandleit.
ๆฑใ ใใคใใ atsukau totreat,tohandle,todealwithๅ(ใ๏ผๆ(ใ)ไธญ
ใฉใใใคใใใกใ ใ
toriatsukaichu underhandling;AvailableforUse
ๆฑใๆน ใใคใใใใ atsukaikata howtohandle/treat/use,wayofhandling
______
149ๆญขto-maru,(do-mari),to-meru,(do-me),shiๆญขใจใปใพใใ(ใฉใปใพใ)ใใจใปใใใ(ใฉใปใ)ใใท
stop
ๆญขderivesfromapictographofafoot thathasstoppedwalking.Otherkanjiincludingๆญขareoftenrelatedtowalking(e.g.142ๆญฃ,164ๆญฉ).
ๆญข๏ผใพ๏ผใ ใฉใพใ tomaru tostop(vi.)่ก(ใ)ๆญข(ใพ)ใ ใใใฉใพใ ikidomari DeadEndๆญขใใ ใฉใใ tomeru tostop(vt.)้่กๆญข(ใ) ใคใใใใฉใ tsลซkลdome ClosedtoTrafficไผๆญขใใ ใใใใใใ kvลซshisuru todiscontinue,tohalt
________ๆญขใพใ ใฉใพใ tomare Stopไธญๆญขใใ ใกใใใใใ chลซshisuru tostop(vt.),tocancel
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.้่ก
2.ไผๆญข
3.้ซใ
4.ๅๅท่ป
5.ๅผใๅบใ
6.ๅ ฅ้
7.้ ้
8.็ขบ่ช
9.้ ใใ
10.ๆ่จผ็ชๅท
11.่จๆญฃ
12.่จๅท
13.้ๅธณ
14.ๅญฆ็่จผ
15.ใๅๆฑไธญ
16.ๅใ
17.ๆใ
18.ๅผใ
19.้ป่ฉฑๅธณ
20.้่กๆญขใ
21.ๅ้ซ
22.ๆญฃๆ
23.ๆฎ้ซ
24.ๆฑใๆน
25.ใใซใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใ
26.ๆญฃใใใปใใซใโใใคใใชใใใ
27.ใใคใใๆฅ่จใๆธใใฆใใพใใ
28.้ๅธณใซใ่จๅ ฅใใฆใใ ใใใ
29.ใใใใ้ใๆฎใฃใฆใใใใ็ขบใใใฆใฟใพใใ
30.ๆใใใใฆใใฟใฏใทใผใๆญขใใพใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionMariaisastudentfromabroad.ShetriedtouseanATMforthefirsttimeathernewbankinJapanbutshehadsometrouble.Nowsheisasking thebankclerk,Mr.Tanaka,how touse theATM.Read theirdialogue,thenanswerthequestions.
ใใชใข๏ผ
ไธไธๅใใ้ใๅบใใใใใงใใใ
็ฐไธญ๏ผ
ใฏใใใซใใๅผใๅบใใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใพใใใใใใใซใผใใๅ ฅใใฆใๆ่จผ็ชๅทใๆผใใพใใ
ใใชใข๏ผ
ใใๆ่จผ็ชๅทใใพใกใใใกใใฃใ๏ผใฉใใใใ๏ผ
็ฐไธญ๏ผ
ใ ใใใใใถใงใใใใ่จๆญฃใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใใไธๅๆ่จผ็ชๅทใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใใคใใซ1.ไธ.ๅใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใๆญฃใใใใฐใ็ขบ่ชใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใใชใข๏ผ
ใใใ้ใๅบใฆใใใใใพใใ้ใใใใๆฎใฃใฆใใใใใฟใใใใงใใใ
็ฐ
ไธญ๏ผ ใใฎใๆฎ้ซ็ งไผใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฐใฟใใใฉใใงใใพใใใ
ใใชใข๏ผ
ใ้ใ้ ใใใฉใใฏใฉใใใใใใใงใใใ
็ฐไธญ๏ผ
ใใ้ ใๅ ฅใใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใ้ๅธณใฉใ้ใๅ ฅใใใฐ้ ใใใใพใใ้ๅธณ่จๅ ฅใใใฃใใใซใงใใพใใใ
ใใชใข๏ผ
้ๅธณใใใใใฆใใ้ ใใใใพใใใ
็ฐไธญ๏ผ
ใฏใใ้ ใใใใพใใ
ใใชใข๏ผ
ใใใฉใฏใ้ ใใซใใพใใใใใใฉใใ
1.Whichisthefirstbuttontobepushed?A.ๆฎ้ซ็ งไผ
B.ใๅผใๅบใ
C.ใ้ ใๅ ฅใ
D.ๆ่จผ็ชๅท
2. If you make a mistake when entering the Personal Identification Number,whichbuttonshouldyoupush?A.ใ ใใใใใถ
B.่จๆญฃ
C.็ขบ่ช
D.ๆ่จผ็ชๅท
3.Whichofthebuttonsistobepushedtocheckthebalances?A.ๆฎ้ซ็ งไผ
B.้ๅธณ่จๅ ฅ
C.ใๅผใๅบใ
D.ใ้ ใๅ ฅใ
4.WhatdoesMariawanttodo,whenshecomesnexttime?A.WithdrawmoneyaloneB.CheckherbalancesC.DepositmoneyD.EnterherPersonalIdentificationNumberwithoutmakingamistake
5.Choosethecorrectanswer.A.Mariadrewout1000yen.
B.Youcannotdepositmoneyifyouforgetabankbook.C. Depositing and making an entry in a bankbook cannot be performed
simultaneously.D.Whendrawingoutmoney, thesecondbutton tobepushedisaPersonal
IdentificationNumber.
B
LESSON12
AtthePostOffice้ตไพฟๅฑ
uildings marked with ใ are post offices. Inside are severalwindows, not only for the usual postal services, but also for
savings accounts, money transfers, and other banking services. Thewindowmarkedwithใฏใใใปๅๆ iswherestamps,postcards,and
aerogrammescanbebought.Stampsarealsosoldatanyshopmarkedwithใ. For people who are unsure of the stamp value needed fortheirmail, listsofpostal ratesareavailableatpostoffices.Citypostboxeshave two letterdrops,withmailing instructionswrittenbelowthem.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsandthephotosbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
Refertothelistsofpostalratesonpage125andselecttheappropriatestampsforeachofthese5piecesofmail.Oneofthepiecesneedstwostamps, the express delivery rate plus the standard-sized letter rate.Noneofthelettersexceeds25g.Writetheletteroftheproperstampinthespacesprovidedbelow.
1._____________2._____________3._____________4._____________5._____________
ๅฝๅ ใใ
ๅคๅฝใใ
PostalRates้ตไพฟๆ้่กจ
ๆฅๆฌใฎๅๆ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.้ตไพฟๅฑ ใใใณใใใใ yลซbinkyoku postoffice2.ใฏใใ hagaki postcard
3. ใใฃใฆ kitte postagestamp4.ๅคๅฝ ใใใใ gaikoku overseas/foreigncountry5.่ช็ฉบ(ไพฟ๏ผ ใใใใ๏ผใณใ๏ผ kลkลซbin airmail6.ๅฝ้ ใใใใ kokusai international
7. ใคใใใใ tsลซjล ordinary
8. ใใใณใใใใใใ yลซbinryลkin postalrate9.ใขใธใข Ajia Asia10.ใใฎไป ใใฎใ sonota theothers,etcetera11. ใปใใใ Hokubei NorthAmerica12.ใขใใชใซ Afurika Africa
13. ใใใใใ/ใฆใใฟ shojล/tegami letter
14. ใฆใใใ teikei standardsize(envelope)
15. ใใใใค sokutatsu expressmail16.ใๆง ใใใพ ~sama Mr.~,Ms.~,Miss~,Mrs.~
3NewCharactersThirteencharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
้ตไพฟๅฑๅๅคๅฝ้่ช็ฉบๅธธๆไปๆง
150้ตyลซใฆใฆ
ๅdepictsaplantwithleaveshangingvertically;verticalalsoreferstoverticalcliffsfaraway.Withtheadditionof village,้ตformerlymeantoutpostsfortherelayofmessages,andeventuallycametomeanmail.
้ตไพฟ ใใใณใ yลซbin mailservice้ตไพฟ็ชๅท ใใใณใใฐใใใ yลซbinbangล postal/ZIPcode
________ใใใใใใใ yลซsลryล postage
้ตไพฟ็ฉ ใใใณใใถใค yลซbinbutsu mail
151ไพฟtayo-ri,ben,binใใใปใใใใณใใใณ
convenience;mail
ๆดdepictsvariousthingsputtogetherinoneไธplacebyhandไน.Thismakesthemconvenientformenใคtouse.Inthepast,mailwasthemostconvenientmeansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplelivingfarfromeachother.
ไพฟใ ใใใ tayori letter,news้ตไพฟ ใใใณใ yลซbin mailserviceๅฎๆไพฟ ใฆใใใณใ teikibin regularserviceflight/mail
______ในใใใช benrina convenient
ๅญฆๅ ไพฟ ใใใชใใณใ gakunaibin campusmailใตใชใณใ funabin surface/seamailใใฃใใ ใใณใ takkyลซbin rapiddoor-to-doordelivery
152ๅฑkyokuใญใงใฏ
bureau,office
ๅฑcombines enclosewithtwobentlines(asshownbelow),andๅฃ limitedordividedspace.Officesareenclosedspacesthataredividedintosections.
้ตไพฟๅฑ ใใใณใใใใ yลซbinkyoku postoffice้ป่ฉฑๅฑ ใงใใใใใ denwakyoku telephoneofficeๅฑ็ช ใใใใฐใ kyokuban districttelephonenumber
______ใใฌใๅฑ ใใฌใใใใ terebikyoku televisionstation
153ๅki-ru,(kiโ),(giโ),setsuใใปใใ(ใใฃ)ใ(ใใฃ)ใใปใ
cut
ๅ,whichcombinesไธbranchbeingcut,andๅsword(cf.25ๅ),meanscut.
ๅใ ใใ kiru tocutๅๆ ใใฃใฆ kitte postagestampๅฐๅๆ ใใใฃใฆ kogitte checkๅคงๅใช ใใใใคใช taisetsuna important,valuable
______ใใใใ shimekiri deadlineใใฃใท kippu ticketใใใใคใช shinsetsuna kind
154ๅคsoto,gai,geใใจใใฌใคใใฒ
outside,other
ๅค combinesๅค evening (cf. 66ๅ) andๅ,which depicts a stick used byfortunetellers.InancientChina,fortunetellersworkedoutsideintheevening.
ๅค ใใฉ soto outsideๅคๅบใใ ใใใใใค gaisnutsu togoout
ใใ suruๆ้ๅค ใใใใใ jikangai beforeorafteroffice/workinghours;overtimeๅค็ง ใใ geka surgicalunit,surgery
______ใใฉใใ sotogawa outside
ๅคๆฅ ใใใใ gairai comingfromoutside;foranoutpatientใใใใ kaigai overseas
ๅ ๅค ใชใใใ naigai insideandoutside
155ๅฝkuni,koku,(goku),(koโ)ใใซใใณใฏใ๏ผใดใฏ๏ผใ๏ผใณใ๏ผ
country,nation
็representsamanstandingbetweenheavenandearthwithhandsand legsspreadwide,indicatingaking.ไธถsuggeststreasure.Akingandhistreasuresenclosedbybordersๅrepresentscountry.
ๅฝ ใใซ kuni country,nationๅคๅฝ ใใใใ gaikoku foreigncountryๅคๅฝไบบ ใใใใใใ gaikokujin foreigner
ไธญๅฝ ใกใ ใใใ Chลซgoku China______
ๅๅฝ ใใใ Shikoku Shikoku(island,district)ใใใใ kokuseki nationality
ๅฝๅ ใใใชใ kokunai domestic,withinthecountryๅฝไผ ใใฃใใ kokkai theDiet
156้saiใตใค
inter-;occasion
้combines ,whichasaleftpartofkanjimeanspiledstonesorhill,and็ฅญfestival(cf.36).Festivalsheldonhillsusedtobeimportantoccasionsduringwhichpeopleintermingled.
ๅฝ้ ใใใใ kokusai internationalๅฝ้็ท ใใใใใใ kokusaisen internationalflight/routeๅฝ้้ป่ฉฑ ใใใใใงใใ kokusaidenwa internationalphonecall
______ใใใใใใใใ ใ kokusaikลryลซ internationalexchange
ใใฎ้ ใใฎใใ konosai onthisoccasion
157่ชkลใณใฆ
navigation,sailing
่ derives from a pictograph of a boat, andไบข represents a neck held upstraight.Thus่ชmeanssailingstraightforward.
ๆฅ่ช ใซใฃใใ Nikkล abbreviationfor(JapanAirLines)______
ใใใใใใ kลkaisuru tonavigate,tosail,tovoyage
158็ฉบsora,kara,a-ku,kลซใใใใใใใใปใใใฏใฆ
sky;empty,vacant
็ฉดor whichcombinesๅฎhouseandๅ ซdivide(cf.8),formerlymeantpitor
cavedwelling,andnowmeansholeingeneral.ๅทฅindicatesstraight(cf.47ๆป).Theskycanbethoughtofasalargeholewhereonecangostraightupandfindnothingbutemptiness.
็ฉบ ใใ sora sky็ฉบๆ ใใใฆ karate karate่ช็ฉบไพฟ
ใใใใใณใ
kลkลซbin airmail
็ฉบ่ป ใใใใ kลซsha vacanttaxi______
็ฉบใชใฑ
ใใใชใฑ karaoke karaoke(literallyโemptyorchestraโ)(commonlywrittenใซใฉใชใฑ๏ผ
็ฉบใใซใณ
ใใใซใณ akikan emptycan
ๆ็ฐ็ฉบๆธฏ
ใชใใใใใใ
Naritakลซkล NaritaAirport
็ฉบๅธญ ใใใใ kลซseki vacant/unoccupiedseat
159ๅธธjลใธใงใฆ
always,normal,usual
ๅธธcombinesๅฐlongwispsofsmokecomingoutofastove,andๅทพcloth(cf.146ๅธณ).Long cloth eventually came tomean long time, andnowๅธธmeansalwaysornormal.
้ๅธธ ใคใใใใ tsลซjล usually,normally,ingeneralๅนณๅธธ้ใ ใธใใใใใฉใใ neijลdลri asusualๆญฃๅธธใช ใใใใใใช seijลna normal
______ๆฅๅธธไผ่ฉฑ ใซใกใใใใใใ nichijลkaiwa dailyconversation้ๅธธใฎ้ ใฒใใใใฎใใ nijลnosai incaseofemergency
ใฒใใใใใใ ใ nijลkaidan emergencystairs
160ๆryลใชใงใฆ
materials;fee,charge
ๆ, which combines ็ฑณ rice and ๆ measure (cf. 45 ็ง), originally meantmeasuring grain. It has come to mean materials or charge, since vendorsalwaysmeasuretheirmaterialsandchargeaccordingly.
ๆ้ ใใใ ใใ ryลkin fee,charge,fare้ตไพฟๆ้ ใใใณใ yลซbin postalrate,postage
ใใใ ใใ rvลkin______
ใซใปใใใใใ nihonryลri Japanesedish/cuisineใฆใใใใใ tesลซryล commission,fee,chargeใใใใใ sลryล postage,deliverychargeใใใใ shiryล data,materialsforstudyใกใใใฟใใใ chลmiryล seasoning
161ไปtaใฟ
other,another
ไปcombinesไนsnake(cf.82ๅฐ)andใคpeople.Inancient times,peoplewereoftenasafraidofothersastheywereofsnakes.Thusไปcametomeanotheroranother.
ใใฎไป ใใฎใ sonota theothers,etcetera______
ไปไบบ ใใซใ tanin unrelatedperson,otherpeople
162ๆงsama,yลใใพใใจใฆ
appearance;way,manner;Mr.,Ms.,Miss,Mrs.
ๆง combines็พ sheepโs head (cf. 130็),ๆฐดwater, andๆจ tree. In ancienttimes, the appearanceof a sheepdrinkingwater near a treewas a commonanddelightfulscene.Thusๆงcametomeanappearanceorway.
ในใในๆง ในใในใใพ Sumisusama Mr./Ms./Miss/Mrs.Smith______
ๆงๅผ ไธใใใ vลshiki pattern,style,formๅๆงใช ใฉใใใใช aลyลna similar,ofthesamekind
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.้ตไพฟๅฑ
2.ๅๆ
3.่ช็ฉบไพฟ
4.ๅฝ้
5.้ๅธธ
6.ๆ้
7.ๆธ
8.ๅฎ
9.้
10.ใใฎไป
11.ๅคๅฝ
12.ใๆง
13.้ตไพฟ็ชๅท
14.้ป่ฉฑๅฑ
15.ๅฐๅๆ
16.ๆ้ๅค
17.ๅค็ง
18.ๅฝ้็ท
19.ไธญๅฝ
20.็ฉบ่ป
21.ๅคงๅใชใๆฌใใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ
22.ๅญใฉใใใๅคใงใใใใซใใใใงใใพใใ
23.ๅฝใใไพฟใใใใใพใใใ
24.ในใในใใใฏใๅคๅฝไบบใงใใใ็ฉบๆใใใใใใงใใ
25.ใใใใๅนณๅธธ้ใๆฑใใพใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionReadthetextaboutthepostalserviceofJapan,anddescribethepostalserviceofyourcountry.PleaseexplainthedifferencesandsimilaritiesorcharacteristicsinJapanesein300to400characters.
้ตไพฟๅฑใฎใตใผใใน
1 parcel,package;baggage
2 saving
3 insurance
4 specialproduct
A
LESSON13
WhichWayShouldIGo?
ใฉใฎ้ใ้ใฃใใใใใงใใใใ
s in other countries, there are a variety of road signs in Japan,andmost are written in kanji. The sign็ซๅ ฅ็ฆๆญข tells you to
keepoutofthedesignatedplace.Thesignๅทฅไบไธญwarnsyoutowalkcarefully,whileๆจชๆญ็ฆๆญขmeansnocrossingastreet.
Whenwalkingaround, it isnotonlyhelpfulbut fun toknow themeaningof thekanjionthesignsallaroundyou.InLessons13and14,youwilllearnkanjithatappearondifferentkindsofsigns.
1IntroductoryQuizLookatthemapbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
ThearrowsshowtheroadMr.LeeusuallywalkstoJapaneselanguageclass.Becausesomeconstructionworkhasjuststarted,heisunabletotakehisusualroute.Whilelookingatthemap,answerthefollowingquestions.
I.Choosethecorrectanswers.
1.ใชใผใใใฏใๅฐไธ้ใๅบใฆใๆญฉ้ใใฟใใธๆญฉใใฆ่กใใจใใใใใใ (a.ใใใb.ใใ c.ใใใ)ใๅงใพใฃใฆใ็ซๅ ฅ็ฆๆญขใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใใ
2.ใงใใใใ(a.ๅใb.้ใc.็ซใค)ใใจใใงใใพใใใ
3.ใใใงใ ้ใ *ใใใฃใฆใใพใฃใใๆญฉใใฆ่กใใจใใใใฉใฏ้่กๆญขใใงใใใ ใใใฏ
(a.้ใใพใb.้ใใพใใc.ๆญขใพใใพใใ)ใ(*tocross)
4.ใใใงใฟใใซใพใใฃใฆๆญฉใใพใใใใคใใซใใฒใ ใใซใพใใใจใๅคงๅญฆใฎๆญฃ ๆญใ (a.้่กไธญ
b.ๆญฉ่กไธญc.ๅทฅไบไธญ)ใงใๅ ฅใใพใใใงใใใ
5.ๆญฃ ใฎๅใงใฏใๅคง ใใฉใใฏใใใชใใใฉใใใใใ(a.็ฆๆญขb.ๆณจๆc.็ซๅ ฅ)ใใฆใใ ใใใ
6.ใชใผใใใฏใใฉใใใฆๅฐไธ้ใฎ้ง ใๅบใฆใใใ้ใใใใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใใ
a.ใใใธ่ชๅ่ปใใใใใใงใใ
b.ใ ใใๆญฉใใฆใใชใใฃใใใใงใใ
c.ใใใง้ใใใใฃใฆใฏใใใชใใใใงใใ
7.ๆญฉ้ใจใใใฎใฏใใฉใใช้ใงใใใ
a.ไบบใๆญฉใใฆใฏใใใชใ้ใงใใ
b.ๆญฉ่ก่ ใฎใใใฎ้ใงใใ
c.่ชๅ่ปใ้ใ้ใงใใ
II.ใชใผใใใฏใใใใๆฑ ใใๅ ฅใฃใฆๆฅๆฌ่ช ใธ่กใใพใใใ้ง ใใใฉใฎ้ใ
้ใฃใใงใใใใใใกใใซๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.้ ใฟใก micni street,way
2.ๆญฉ้ ใปใฉใ hodล sidewalk3.ๆญฉใ ใใใ aruku towalk
4. ใใใ kลji constructionwork
5. ใใ kaji fire
6. ไธใใ yลji business,errand
7. ใใกใใใใใ tachiirikinshi KeepOut
8. ใใใใกใใ kลjichu UnderConstruction9.็ซใฃ ใใฃ tatsu tostand
10. ใใใ ใใปใฉใ ลdanhodล crosswalk
11. ใฃใใใใฉใ tsukลdome ClosedtoTraffic
12. ใใใใ seimon maingate
13. ใคใใใใกใใ tsลซkลchลซ whilepassing
14. ใปใใใกใใ hokลchu whilewalking15.
ใใใใใใฉใใฏ ลgatatorakku bigtruck
16. ใใใ kinshi Prohibited17.ๆณจๆ ใกใใใ chลซi Caution
18. ใใกใใ tachiiri entrance
19. ใปใใใใ hokลsha pedestrian
20. ใใใ ใใใใ ลdankinshi NoCrossing
21. ใฒใใใใ higashimon eastgate
22.ใซใปใใใใใใใค
nihongokyลshitsu
Japaneselanguageclassroom
23. ใปใใใใใคใใ hokลshatsลซro pedestrianwalkway
3NewCharacters
Sevencharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationstohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
้ๆญฉ่ ็ฆ็ซๆณจๆ
163้michi,dลใฟใกใใใฆ
street,road,path,way
้combines้ฆheadorneckand proceedorwalk, and suggestswalkingdownaroadwithheadheldhigh.Anassociatedmeaningisway.
้ ใฟใก michi road,street่ป้ ใใใฉใ shadล roadwayๅฝ้ ใใใฉใ kokudล nationalroadๆฐด้ ใใใฉใ suidล waterworks,tapwater
______ใใใฟใก katamichi one-wayใฉใใใใใ dลrokลji roadworks/repairsใใใใใฉใใ kลsokudลro superhighway,expresswayใใ ใใฉใ jลซdล judo
164ๆญฉaru-ku,hoใใใปใใใ
walk
ๆญฉderivesfromapictographoftwofeetsteppingrightandleftalternately,inotherwords,walking.
ๆญฉใ ใใใ aruku towalkๆญฉ้ ใปใฉใ hodล sidewalk,pedestrianroad
ใใใ ใใปใฉใ ลdanhodล pedestriancrossingcrosswalk______
165่ mono,shaใใฎใใทใฃ
person
่ originally depicted various foods cooked on a stove, and thus becameassociated with various gathered things (cf. 51 ้ฝ). The idea of thingseventuallychangedtopeople,whichgavethecharacteritspresentmeaning.
่ ใใฎ mono personๆญฉ่ก่ ใปใใใใ hokลsha pedestrianๅญฆ่ ใใใใ gakusha scholar่จ่ ใใใ kisha journalist,reporter
ใใใใฎ wakamono youngperson,youthใปใใใใใฆใใใ
hokลshatengoku
streettemporarilyclosedtovehicles(literallypedestrian'sparadiseโ)
ๅ่ ใใใใ zensha theformerๅพ่ ใใใใ kลsha thelatter
166็ฆkinใญใณ
prohibition
ๆdepictstwotreessidebyside,meaningwood,and็คบrepresentsanaltar(cf.
35็ฅ).Thus็ฆsuggestsasacredwoodsurroundinganaltar,intowhichentryisprohibited.(ๆฃฎ,meaningforest,islargerthanๆ.)
็ฆๆญขใใ ใใใใใ kinshisuru toprohibitใใใ ใใใใ ลdankinshi NoCrossing
________ใกใใใใใใใ chลซshakinshi NoParkingใใใใใ ~genkin ~StrictlyProhibited
167็ซta-tsu,ritsu,(riโ)ใใปใคใใชใใ(ใชใ)
stand
็ซrepresentsamanstandingontheground.Imagineasumลwrestlerabouttostandupforabout.
็ซใค ใใค tatsu tostand็ซๅ ฅ็ฆๆญข ใใกใใใใใใ tachiirikinshi KeepOutๅฝ็ซ ใใใใค kokuritsu nationalๅธ็ซ ใใใค shiritsu municipal
______
ใใกใใใใใใ tachiirigenkin KeepOutใใใค shiritsu private(school,etc.)
ไธญ็ซ ใกใ ใใใค chลซritsu neutrality็ซ้ฃใ-ไธใใคไธ ใใฃใใใใ-ไธใใค-ไธ risshokupatฤซ buffetparty
168ๆณจsoso-gu,chลซใใใปใใใใฅใฆ
pour;payattention,note
ๆณจcombines water andไธป stay still (cf. 75ไฝ).When pouringwater intosomething,oneiscarefultokeepthehandsstill.Thusๆณจmeanspouringliquidaswellaspayingattention.
ๆณจๆใใ ใกใ ใใใใใ chumonsuru toorder(aproduct)______
ๆณจใ ใใใ sosogu topourๆณจ็ฎใใ ใกใ ใใใใใ chumokusuru topayattention,totakenotice
ใกใ ใใใใใ chลซshasuru toinject
169ๆ
iใค
intention,will;meaning
้ณbyitselfissound,butaspartofakanjimeansbeingconfined(cf.137ๆ).ๅฟ means mind (cf. 124 ๆฅ). The combination ๆ thus indicates what isconfinedorkeptinoneโsmind,suchasthought,intention,orwill.
ๆณจๆใใ ใกใใใใใ chลซisuru tobecareful/cautious;toadvise;towarn
็จๆใใ ใใใใใ yลisuru toprepare______
ใใฟ imi meaning,significanceๆๅคใช ใใใใช igaina unexpected
ใใใใใกใ ใใ zujลchลซi WatchYourHead
ใใใใฉใกใใใ
ashimotochลซi WatchYourStep
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๆญฉ้
2.ๅทฅไบ
3.็ซๅ ฅ็ฆๆญข
4.้่กๆญขใ
5.ๆณจๆ
6.ๆญฉ่ก่
7.่กๆญขใพใ
8.ๆฐด้
9.่จ่
10.ๅฝ็ซ
11.ใใฎ้ใฏใๅทฅไบไธญใง้ใใพใใใ
12.่ป้ใฏใไบบใๆญฉใใจใใใงใฏใใใพใใใ
13.ใในใฎไธญใงใใฃใจ็ซใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใคใใใพใใใ
14.ๆฌใๆณจๆใใพใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionRead this set of mobile e-mail, and choose the best answers to thequestions.
1.Whereisthemeetingplace?A.themaingateofauniversityB.thecornerofastreetwithatrafficsignalC.infrontofarestaurantD.infrontofasupermarket
2.Whereistheprohibitedarea?A.FromtherightofasignalB.FromtheleftofasignalC.FromthesecondsignalD.Fromthethirdsignal
3.Whyisthereaprohibitedarea?A.bridgeunderconstructionB.roadunderconstructionC.subwayunderconstructionD.buildingunderconstruction
4.Choosetheonethatreflectsthetext.A.NeitheracarnorapersoncanpassthroughtheโClosedtoTrafficโarea.B.Whenyouturnatasignalontheright,thereisasupermarket.C.EmiandYukicametotheappointedplaceontime.D.Threepeoplearegoingtoeatlunchnow.
I
LESSON14
WhereIstheEmergencyExit?้ๅธธๅฃใฏใฉใใงใใ
n parks, on the street, and at other public places, there aremanysignswhichcallyourattentiontosafety,andissuewarnings.Upon
entering hotels, movie theaters, convention halls, buses or trains,youshouldlocatethe้ๅธธๅฃ.A้ๅธธ้ป่ฉฑisinstalledinelevatorsandhighwayemergencyparkingareas.Thesign็ฆ็ isseeneverywhere:in stations, restaurants, theaters, hospitals and many other public
places. Learn the meanings of these signs so that you can payattentiontothem.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
Smokingisnotpermittedinmanypublicplaces.WhilevisitingaparkMr.Leewantstosmoke,buthemustbecarefultoavoidnonsmokingareas.Afterreadingthesignsbelow,trytoadviseMr.Lee.
Choosethecorrectanswers.
1.ใชใผใใใใๅคงใใๆจใฎไธใฎใใณใใงใใใฐใใใใฃใฆใใๆใใใใใงใใใฐใใใใใชใใงใใ ใใใ
(a.ใใถใชใb.ใฒใใใใซc.ใใใใ)ใงใใใใใใจใใใฐใซใใไบบใๆณจๆใใพใใใ
2.ใ็ซๆฐๅณใใ็ฆใใฎใตใคใณใฎๅใงใใชใผใใใฏ้ใซใใฐใใใใฆใพใใใ*ใใฟใใใซ็ซใ
ใคใใฆใ็ซไบใซใชใใใใงใใใชใผใใใฏใใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใใ(*wastepaper)a.ๅณใจๅทฆใ็ขบ่ชใใใ
b.้ๅธธ้ป่ฉฑใง้ป่ฉฑใใใ
c.้ๅธธๅฃใซ่กใใ
3.ใชใผใใใใ*ใใฃใ ใงใใใฐใใใใฃใฆใใใจใ ใฎไบบใใa.ใฉใใใใใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
b.ใใฐใใฏใใใชใใงใใ ใใใใจใใใใพใใใ(*coffeeshop)4.ใใใงใฏใใชใผใใใฏใใฉใใงใใฐใใใใฃใใใใใงใใใใใ
a.ๅคงใใๆจใฎไธใฎใใณใใงb.ใใฃใ ใฎใใฐใฎใใณใใงc.ใใฃใ ใฎไธญใง
5.ใชใผใใใๆญฉใใฆ่กใใจใใๅทฆๅณ็ขบ่ชใใจใใใตใคใณใใใใพใใใใใใฏใใฉใใช*ๆใงใใใ(*meaning)a.ๅณใจๅทฆใใฉใกใใซ่กใฃใฆใใใb.ๅณใซใๅทฆใซใ่กใฃใฆใฏใใใชใ c.ๅณใจๅทฆใใใใฟใฆใใ่กใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ๅฑ้บ ใใใ kiken Danger
2. ใฒใใใใซ hijลni very,unusually
3. ใไธใใ shลka fireextinguishing
4. ใไธใใใ shลkaki fireextinguisher
5. ใใใใใใ kakigenkin Caution:Flammables
6.ๅณ ใฟใ migi right7.ๅทฆ ใฒใ ใ hidari left
8. ใฒใใใใงใใ hijลdenwa emergencytelephone
9. ใฒใใใใใก hijลguchi emergencyexit
10. ใใใใ kin'en NoSmoking
11.ใใใใใใซใ sayลซkakunin LookLeftandRight
3NewCharactersEightcharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationstohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๆฐๅฑ้บ้ๆถ็ ๅทฆๅณ
170ๆฐkiใญ
gas;spirit,mood
ๆฐderives fromๆฐฃ,whichcombinesๆฐbreathcomingoutofamouthand็ฑณrice(cf.160ๆ).Thusๆฐฃ,orๆฐ, indicatessteamrisingupfromcookingrice,suggestinggas.Anassociatedmeaningismood,whichisasintangibleasgas.
ใใใใใใ kakigenkin Caution:Flammables้ปๆฐ ใงใใ denki electricityไบบๆฐ ใซใใ ninki popularity
______
็ฉบๆฐ ใใใ kลซki airใฆใใ tenki weatherใใใ kitai gaseousbody,gas
ๆฐๅ ใใถใ kibun moodใใใก kimochi feeling
171ๅฑabu-nai,kiใใถใปใชใใใญ
dangerous
representsamankneelingonthetopofacliff,and anothermanatthebottom.This isdangerous, since the formermay fall, and the lattermaybesquashed.
ๅฑใชใ ใใถใชใ abunai dangerous,risky________
ๅฑ้บใช ใใใใช kikenna dangerous,risky
172้บ
kenใฑใณ
steep;harsh้บderivesfrom้ช,whichcombines piled-upstones(cf.156้), coverorcollect, many mouths, and ไป many people. The combination ้ช or ้บsuggestscollectingmanythingsandpiling themupuntil theyformaharsh,steepmountain.
ๅฑ้บใช ใใใใช kikenna dangerous,risky________
ใใใงใใใคใใใ kลden'atsukiken Danger:HighVoltage
173้hiใ
non-,un-(prefix)
้ represents the twowings of a bird stretching out in opposite directions.โNotthesameโandโnotsoโareassociatedmeanings.้isoftenusedliketheprefixesnon-andun-.
้ๅธธใซ ใฒใใใใซ hijลni very,unusually,greatly้ๅธธๅฃ ใฒใใใใใก hijลguchi emergencyexit้ๅธธ้ป่ฉฑ ใฒใใใใงใใ hijลdenwa emergencytelephone้ๅธธในใซ ใฒใใใใใซ hijลberu emergencybell/buzzer
________้ๅฃฒๅ ใฒใฐใใฒใ hibaihin articlenotforsale
174ๆถke-su,shลใใปใใใทใงใฆ
putout,extinguish
่wasoriginallywritten,whichindicatedcuttingๆmeat(cf.226่) intoๅฐsmallerpieces.Combinedwith water,ๆถsuggestsastreamofwatergettingsmallerandfinallydisappearing.
ๆถใ ใใ kesu toputout,toextinguish;toswitchoff;toerase
ๆถใใดใ ใใใดใ keshigomu pencileraser
ๅ๏ผใ๏ผๆถ๏ผใ๏ผ
ใฉใใใ torikeshi cancellationใใใใใ shลkaki fireextinguisher
________
ๆถ่ฒปใใ ใใใใฒใใshลhisuru toconsume
ใใใไธจไนใใใ
shลbลsha fireengine
175็ kemuri,enใใใใใจใณsmoke
Inancienttimes,peoplelit็ซfiresintheeveningwhenthesunwasjustabovetheๅgroundorhorizoninthe่ฅฟwest.Fireisassociatedwith็ smoke.
็ ใใใ kemuri smoke็ฆ็ ใใ ใใใใใใ kin'ensuru toquitsmoking็ตๆฅ็ฆ็ ใใ ใใใคใใใใ shลซjitsukinen NoSmokingAnyTime
______็ฆ็ ่ป ใใใใใใ kin'ensha nonsmokingcar็ฆ็ ๅธญ ใใใใใใ kin'enseki nonsmokingseat/table
ใใคใใใใ kitsuenseki smokingseatใใคใใใใค kitsuenshitsu smokingroom
176ๅทฆhidari,saใฒใ ใใใต
left
ๅทฆcombines hand(cf.85ๆ)andๅทฅcarpenterโs ruler (cf.43).Acarpenterusually holds a rulerwith his left hand so that he can drawwith his right.Thusๅทฆmeansleft.
ๅทฆ ใฒใ ใ hidari leftๅทฆๆ ใฒใ ใใฆ hidarite lefthand
______ใฒใ ใใใ hidarigawa theleftsideใใใคใใใ sasetsukinshi NoLeftTurn
177ๅณmigi,yลซ,uใฟใใใฆใฆใใฆ
right
ๅณ combines hand andๅฃmouth (cf. 107), indicating eating with oneโshand.Sincemostpeopleeatwiththeirrighthands,ๅณhascometomeanright.
ๅณ ใฟใ migi rightๅณๆ ใฟใใฆ migite righthandๅทฆๅณ็ขบ่ช ใใใใใใซใ sayลซkakunin LookLeftandRight
______ใฟใใใ migigawa therightsideใใใคใใใ usetsukinshi NoRightTurn
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅฑ้บ
2.้ๅธธ้ป่ฉฑ
3.ๆถ็ซ
4.็ซๆฐๅณ
5.็ฆ็
6.ๅทฆๅณ็ขบ่ช
7.้ปๆฐ
8.้ๅธธใซ
9.ๅๆถใ
10.็ 11.ๅฑใชใใงใใใใๆฐใใคใใฆใใ ใใใ
12.็ซไบใฎๆใฏใ้ๅธธๅฃใใๅบใฆใใ ใใใ
13.ๆถ็ซ ใงใ็ซใๆถใใพใใ
14.ๅฐไธ้ใฎ้ง ใฏใ็ตๆฅ็ฆ็ ใงใใ
15.ๅทฆใจๅณใใใใฟใฆใใใใใใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionReadthepassagebelowandchoosethebestanswerstothequestions.
ใชใผใใใฎใใใฃใฆใใๅญฆ ใงๅ ๆฅ1้ฟ ใใใใพใใใ้ๅธธใใซใใชใฃใฆใๅญฆ ๅ จ้จใซใขใใฆใณในใใใใพใใใ
ใใใพใใ 1 ใใใใชใใพใใ 2ใใ็งๅญฆ ใง็ซไบใ ใใพใใใใใใฆใชใใงใใพใใใฎ ็ซใฎ็ขบ่ชใใใฆใใ ใใใใจใฌใใผใฟใผใฏใใฃใใใซไฝฟ็จใใชใใงใใ ใใใ้ๅธธใซๅฑ้บใงใใ้ๅธธ ใใใ ใใไฝฟใฃใฆใๆญฃ้ขๅ ฅๅฃใซใใคใพใฃใฆใใ ใใใ็ ใใใใใใใซๅฃใซใใณใซใใใฟใชใซใใใฆใฆใๅทฆๅณใ็ขบ่ชใใชใใๆญฉใใฆใใ ใใใใ
ๅญฆ็ใใฟใใชๆญฃ้ขๅ ฅๅฃใซใใคใพใฃใฆใใใๅญฆๅนดใใจใซๅใใใฆใๆถ็ซ ใไฝฟใฃใฆ็ซใๆถใใใใพใใใ
1 evacuationdrill,safetyexercise
1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?A.Afirebrokeoutatschool.B. An emergency bell rang by accident and the students left the school
building.C.Anevacuationdrillwasperformedthroughouttheentireschool.
D.Theannouncementsystemoftheschoolwastested.
2.Accordingtotheannouncement,wheredidthefireoccur?A.Afirebrokeoutontheemergencystaircase.B.Afirebrokeoutinthescienceroom.C.Afireoccurredinfrontofthemainentrance.D.Afireoccurredintheelevator.
3.Whatannouncementwasgiven?A.Stayawayfromthemainentrance,becausethereissmoke.B.Inordertoescapequickly,studentsshoulduseanelevator.C.Donโtusethestairs,becausetheyareverydangerous.D.Staycalmandwalkdownthestairstothemainentrancecarefully.
4.Whichonecorrectlyexplainsthefire-fightingexercise?A. After verifying the departure of all students, the fire-fighting drill was
performed.B. The fire-fighting drill was performed before the students had left the
building.C.Instructionsonhowtousethefireextinguisherweregivenwhilestudents
wereescapingfromthebuilding.D.Instructionsonhowtousethefireextinguisherweregiventoallgradesof
studentstogether.
REVIEWEXERCISE:LESSONS11โ14
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate kanji or their correspondinglettersfromthelistbelow.
II.Readthefollowingsentencesandcirclethecorrectanswers.
1.(a.้ตไพฟๅฑb.้ป่ฉฑๅฑ)ใธ่กใฃใฆใๅฝใฎใใใใซ้ ใๅบใใพใใใ
2.ใใผใฟใผใใใฏใใใพ(a.ๅคๅบไธญb.่กใๆญขใพใ)ใงใใใพใใใ
3.(a.ๅใๅผใb.ๅผใๅบใ)ใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใพใใใใใใใๅบใฆใใใ้ใๅใใพใใ
4.(a.็ซๆฐb.ไบบๆฐ)ใฎใใๆใงใ*ใฌใฝใชใณใๆฑใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใใ(*gasoline)5.ๆใใใใใใใฟใฏใทใผใ(a.็ซb.ๆญข)ใพใใพใใใ
6.ใใฟใพใใใใใใใจใฎ้ใ ใใๅญใฉใใ(a.้ ใใฃใฆb.่ชใใฆ)ใใใพใใใใ
I
LESSON15
CampusMapใญใฃใณใในใปใใใ
ncludingjuniorcolleges,thereareapproximately1,000universitiesin Japan. While mostly concentrated in large cities, some
universitieshaverecentlymovedtheircampusesintomoreruralareas,and a few major universities have decentralized their campuses bylocatingvariousdepartmentsindifferentareas.Mostcampusfacilitiesinclude libraries, co-op stores, gymnasiums, swimming pools, and
cafeterias, and some have university hospitals attached to theirmedical schools. Housing for faculty, staff, and students, however,tendstobeverylimited.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
Shown opposite is a campusmap ofMr. Leeโs university. The signbelow shows the main gateโs opening and closing times. Whilelookingatthecampusmapandthepicturebelow,choosethecorrectanswersforthefollowingquestions.
1.ใใใฏๅคงๅญฆใฎๅฐๅณใงใใใชใผใใใฏใใพใๆฅ(a.ใใใใb.ใชใใใ)ใใๅ ฅใใพใใใใ
ใฆใ่ชๅใฎใใใใ ใใใคใฎใใ(a.1ๅท้คจb.11ๅท้คจ)ใธ่กใใพใใใใใใใ(a.1ๅท้คจb.11ๅท้คจ)ใธ่กใฃใฆใๆฅๆฌ่ชใในใใใใใใพใใ
2.ใฒใใใฏใใฏใๅคง่ฌๅ ใฎๅฐไธใซใใ(a.ใกใ ใใใใใใใฉใb.ใใใใใ)ใงใในใพใใ
ๅๅพใฏใๆฌ้จใฎ(a.่ฅฟb.ๆฑ)ใซใใใจใใใใใธ่กใฃใฆใๆฌใใใฃใใใใฟใพใใ
3.ใฐใฉใฆใณใใฎๅใซใฏ(a.ๅคงๅญฆb.ๅญฆ็ไผ้คจ)ใใใฃใฆใใใใงใฏใใใ็ๅญฆ็ใฎใใผใใฃใผใใใใพใใ
4.่ฅฟ้ใฎใใฐใซใใ(a.ๅฝ้b.็ๅญฆ็ใปใณใฟใผ)ใงใใใใใใใชๅฝใฎ็ๅญฆ็ใๆฅๆฌ่ชใในใใใใใใฆใใพใใ
5.ๆฌใใใผใใใใใจใใฏใ(a.็ๅb.้ฃๅ )ใธ่กใใพใใ
6.ใณใใใใซใชใฃใๆใฏใ(a.ๅคงๅญฆb.ๅคง่ฌๅ )ใธ่กใใพใใใใใฏใใฐใฉใฆใณใใฎ(a.ๅb.ๅ)ใซใใๅคงใใชใใฆใใฎใงใใ
7.ๆญฃ้ใฏใ(a.10ๆๅb.0ๆๅ)ใซใใพใใพใใใใใใใพใงใซๅคงๅญฆใๅบใพใใ
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใกใ chizu map
2. ใใใใ seimon maingate
3. ใชใใใ nakamon middlegate
4. ใซใใใ nishimon westgate
5. ใใใใใ ~gลkan Buildingno.~
6. ใใใใใใใค kenkyลซshitsu researchlaboratory
7. ใซใปใใใใใใใคnihลngokyลshitsu
Japaneselanguageclassroom
8. ใ ใใใใฉใ daikลdล largeauditorium
9. ใกใ chika underground
10.ใกใ ใใใใใใใฉใ chลซลshokudล maincafeteria
11. ใใใใใ seikyล co-op
12. ใใถใ hombu headquarters
13. ใฉใใใใ toshokan library
14.ใฐใฉใฆใณใ guraundo athleticfield
15. ใ ใใใใณใใใใ daigakubyลin universityhospital
16. ใใใใใใใใ gakuseikaikan studenthall
17.ใใใใใใใชใใใใค
kokusaikลryลซshitsu
InternationalExchangeOffice
18. ใชใใใใใใใปใณๅคไธ ryลซgakuseisenta ForeignStudents'Center
19. ใใใใ kaimon gateopening
20.้้ ใธใใใ heimon gateclosing
3NewCharactersNinecharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationstohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
่ฌๅ ้ฃ้้คจไผๅๅณ้
178่ฌkลใณใฆ
lecture,study
่ฌcombines่จspeakandๅ,which represents two identicalwooden framesandindicatessharedcommonelements.Thus่ฌmeanslecture,duringwhichsomeonespeakstolistenersaboutasubjectofcommoninterest.
้่ฌใใ ใใใใใใ kaikลsuru toopen/beginanewcourseไผ่ฌ ใใ ใใใ kyลซkuล nolecture
______ใใใ kลshi lecturerใใใใใใ kลensuru togivealecture,todeliveranaddressใใใ kลza lecturecourse;professorialchairใใใใใใใ kลshลซkai shorttrainingcourse
179ๅ dล
ใใฆ
bigbuilding,hall
ๅ combinesๅฐsmokerisinguphighaboveastove(cf.159ๅธธ)andๅground.Thusๅ meanstallbuildingontheground.
่ฌๅ ใใใฉใ kลdล auditorium________
ใใใใใฉใ kลkaidล public/townhallๅฝไผ่ญฐไบๅ ใใฃใใใใใฉใ kokkaigijidล theDietBuilding
180
ta-beru,shoku,(shoโ)ใใปในใใใทใงใฏใ(ใทใงใ๏ผ
eat,meal
้ฃdepictsabowlofcookedrice(cf.11็พ)restingonastandwithalidontop,andsuggestsmealandeating.
้ฃในใ ใในใ taberu toeat้ฃๅ ใใใใฉใ shokudล diningroom,cafeteria
้ฃไบใใ ใใใใใใ shokujisuru tohaveamealๅฎ้ฃ ใฆใใใใ teishoku setmeal้ฃๅธ ใใใฃใใ shokken mealticket/coupon
______ๅค้ฃใใ ใใใใใ gaishokusuru toeatout,
ใใ toeatatarestaurant้ฃๅ ใใใใใ shokuzen beforemeals้ฃๅพ ใใใใ shokugo aftermeals้ฃ้ ใใใฃใใ shokkan betweenmeals
181้monใขใณ
gate
้derivesfromapictographofagate.้
้ ใใ mon gateๆญฃ้ ใใใใ seimon maingate้้ๆ้ ใใใใใใใ kaimonjikan gateopeningtimeๅฐ้ ใใใใ semmon majorfieldofstudy,specialtyๅฐ้็ง็ฎ ใใใใใใใ semmonkamoku specializedcourse
______
ใใใใ mongen curfewใใใใใ semmonka specialist,expert
182้คจkanใซใณ
building,hall
้คจcombines (avariationof้ฃ)eat,andๅฎ,arichbureaucratwithapuffed-upstomach inahouse.้คจ formerlymeantabuildingwherebureaucratsate,andnowhascometomeanpublicbuildingorhall.
ไธๅท้คจ ใใกใใใใ ichigลkan Buildingno.1ๅคงไฝฟ้คจ ใใใใใ taishikan embassyๆฌ้คจ ใปใใใ honkan mainbuildingๅ้คจ ใถใใใ bunkan branchbuilding,annex
______ในใฃใใ bekkan annexใใใใ ryokan Japanese-styleinnใใใใใ eigakan movietheaterใณใใ ใคใใ byutsukan artmuseum/gallery
183ไผa-u,kaiใใปใใใซใค
meet,meeting,association
ไผcombines collectorgather,and beingsurroundedonall four sides.Fromtheseconcepts,ไผhascometomeanmeet,meeting,orassociation.
ไผใ ใใ au tomeet/seeๅญฆไผ ใใฃใใ gakkai academicmeeting;academicsocietyๅฝไผ ใใฃใใ kokkai theDietๅญฆ็ไผ้คจ
ใใใใใใใใ
gakuseikaikan studenthall
______ใใใใใใ kลenkai lecturemeetingใใใใ kaisha company,firmใใใใ shakai society
ใใใใ kaiin memberofasociety/association/club
184ๅ
kyลใญใงใฆ
cooperation
ๅ tensuggestsaddingfiveandfive,andๅ indicatespoweror force(cf.67็ท).Thusๅcanbethoughtofascombiningthreeforcestogetherinanactofcooperation.
็ๅ ใใใใใ seikyล co-opๅไผ ใใใใใ kyลkai society,associationใขใธใขๅญฆ็ ใขใธใขใใใใ AjiaGakusei AsianStudentsๅไผ ใใใใใ Kyลkai Association
________ๅๅใใ ใใใใใใ kyลryoku tocooperate
ใใ suruใใใใ kokusai international
kyลryoku cooperation
185ๅณzu,toใบใใ
drawing,diagram
ๅณderivesfromๅ,whichcombinesagrainstorehouseandfarmland,andๅpaper.ๅ, orๅณ, originally indicated amap drawn on a sheet of paper, andcametomeandrawingordiagramingeneral.
ๅณ ใ zu figure,diagramๅณ-3 ใ-ใใ zu-san Figure3ๅฐๅณ ใกใ chizu mapๆกๅ ๅณ ใใใชใใ an'naizu guide/informationmapๅณๆธ้คจ ใฉใใใใ toshokan library
______ๅณ่กจ ใใฒใใ zuhyล charts,figures,andtablesๅณ้ข ใใใ zumen drawing
186้shi-maru,shi-meru,heiใใปใพใใใใปใใใใใค
close,shut
้ represents a gate with a cross bar that closes to prevent people fromentering.
้ใพใ ใใพใ shimaru toclose(vi.)้ใใ ใใใ shimeru toclose(vt.)้ไผใใ
ใธใใใใใ heikaisuru tocloseameeting;forameetingtoclose
้้ๆ้
ใธใใใใใใ
heimonjikan gateclosingtime
______้้คจใใ
ใธใใใใใ heikansuru toclose(alibrary,hall,etc.)้้ ใใใธใ kaihei openingandshutting้ไผๅผ ใธใใใใใ heikaishiki closingceremony
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅฐๅณ
2.่ฅฟ้
3.ใๅท้คจ
4.ๅคง่ฌๅ
5.ไธญๅคฎ้ฃๅ
6.็ๅ
7.ๅณๆธ้คจ
8.ๅญฆ็ไผ้คจ
9.้้
10.ไผ่ฌ
11.้ฃไบ
12.้ฃๅธ
13.ๅฐ้
14.ๆฌ้คจ
15.ๅฝไผ
16.ๅไผ
17.ๆกๅ ๅณ
18.้ไผใใ
19.ใพใๆฅใ็ๅใฎ้ฃๅ ใงใใฒใใใฏใใ้ฃในใพใใ
20.ใใใฏใ้ใใใชใใ้ใใฆใใ ใใใ
21.ๆญฃ้ใฏใๅๅพๅๆใซ้ใพใใพใใ
22.ใงใฏใใใใๅคงไฝฟ้คจใงไผใใพใใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionA Japanese tutor is showing new students around the campus of auniversity. Read the passage and choose the best answers to thequestions.
ใใใๅคง่ฌๅ ใงใใใใฎๅฐไธใซใฏไธญๅคฎ้ฃๅ ใจ็ๅใใใใพใใใจใฆใใใใใฎใงใๅญฆ็ใฏใใ้ฃใน ใซใใพใใ้ฃๅ ใจ็ๅใฏๆๅญฆ้จไบๅท้คจใซใใใใพใใ็ๅใใใจใง่กใใพใใใใใใ
ใใใชใใฎใ ใใใฎใงใไพฟ ใงใใใๅคง่ฌๅ ใฎๆฑใซใฐใฉใฆใณใใใใฃใฆใ1 ้คจใใใผใซใใใใพใใใฐใฉใฆใณใใฎๅใซใใๅญฆ็ไผ้คจใงใฏใใใ็ๅญฆ็ใฎใใผใใฃใผใใใใพใใ ใใใใฎใใผใใฃใผใๅญฆ็ไผ้คจใงใใใใใใฃใใใซ่กใใพใใใใ
ๅคง่ฌๅ ใฎ่ฅฟใซใใ่ฅฟ้ใฎใกใใใซ็ๅญฆ็ใปใณใฟใผใใใใพใใใใใงใใใใใชๅฝใฎ็ๅญฆ็
ใ ใใฆใใพใใ ใใกใใใๅณๆธ้คจใงใ ใงใใพใใๅณๆธ้คจใฏๆญฃ้ใฎๆฑใซใใใพใใๆญฃ้ใฏๅๅไธๆใซ้ใใพใใ
ใฟใชใใใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏใฉในใฏๅทฅๅญฆ้จไธๅท้คจใซใใใพใใใใใใใใ่กใฃใฆใฟใพใใใใๅทฅๅญฆ
้จไธๅท ้คจใฏๆญฃ้ใฎ่ฅฟใซใใใพใใๅคงใใชใใกใใใฎๆจใไธๅท้คจใฎๅใซใใใฎใงใใใใซใใใใพใใใ
1 gymnasium
1. There is one more co-op other than at the large auditorium.Where is theother?A.thebasementofastudenthallB.thebackofthelibraryC.nearthewestgateD.theDepartmentofLiterature,Buildingno.2
2.Whereisthelibrary?A.southofthesportsgroundB.eastofthemaingateC.behindastudenthallD.nearthewestgate
3.WhichisthenearesttotheirJapaneseclassroom?A.abigtreeB.thewestgateC.sportsfieldD.theco-op
4.Choosetheitemthatreflectsthetext.A.Tomorrowโspartyisheldattheforeignstudentsโcenter.B.Themaingateisopenedat6:00A.M.C.Thereisamaincafeteriainthebasementofalargeauditorium.D.AJapaneseclassisinthebuildingoftheDepartmentofLiterature.
5.Choosetheitemthatisnotstatedinthetext.A.Themaincafeteriaispopularamongstudents.B.Newstudentsalsoattendapartyonthenextday.C.Nowstudentsareinfrontofalargeauditorium,andnexttheyโllgotoa
Japaneseclass.D.ThereisabigswimmingpoolinfrontoftheDepartmentofEngineering,
Buildingno.1.
A
LESSON16
AttheUniversityๅคงๅญฆใฎใใฆใใฎใฎไธญ
s youโd expect, many kinds of rooms are found in Japaneseuniversity buildings; for example, lecture rooms, conference
rooms, study rooms and offices. The names of the rooms are oftenwrittenonsignsinkanji.Thislessonwillhelpyourecognizekanjifortheserooms.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I.Here is the first floor layoutofauniversitybuildingwhereMr.Leestudies.Whilelookingatthefloorplan,choosethecorrectanswerstothequestionsbelow.
1.ๅ ฅๅฃใฎๅทฆใซใฏใ(a.ใใๅฎคb.ใใฃใใๅฎค)ใใใใพใใ
2.ใใใใใใๅฎคใฎใจใชใใฏใ(a.ใจใใๅฎคb.ใใใๅฎค)ใงใใ
3.ไธ้ใซใฏใ(a.ใใใใ ใๅฎคb.ใใใใฉใ)ใฏใใใพใใใ
4.ๅญฆ็ใฏใ(a.ๅคงไผ่ญฐๅฎคb.็ ็ฉถๅฎค)ใงในใใใใใใพใใ
5.ๅฐ้ใฎใฏใฉในใฏใ(a.่ฌ็พฉๅฎคb.ไบๅๅฎค)ใงใใใพใใ
6.ๆฌใใใฃใใใใฟใใๆใฏใ(a.ๅฎ้จๅฎคb.ๅณๆธๅฎค)ใธ่กใใฐใใใงใใ
II.Thenamesoftheroomsareusuallypostedoverthedoors.Thesignshangingon the doors showwhether each room is vacant or occupied. Look at thepicturebelowandchoosethecorrectanswerstothefollowingquestions.
1.่ฌ็พฉๅฎคใจ็ ็ฉถๅฎคใฎ้ใซใ(a.ใจใใๅฎคb.ใใใใใใๅฎค)
2.ๅฐไผ่ญฐๅฎคใฏใใใพ(a.ไฝฟใใพใใb.ไฝฟใใพใใใ)
3.่ฌ็พฉๅฎคใฏใใใพ(a.ใใใฆใใพใใb.ไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใใ)
III. Combine these kanji tomake compounds, and thenwrite the kanji in thespacesbelow.
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใใคใใ ikkai the1stfloor2.็ ็ฉถๅฎค ใใใใ ใใใค kenkyลซshitsu researchlaboratory,researchunit
3. ใใใใค jimushitsu administrativeoffice4.ๅฎ้จๅฎค ใใฃใใใใค jikkenshitsu laboratoryforexperiments
5. ใใใใใค kaigishitsu conferenceroom
6. ใฉใใใใค toshoshitsu libraryroom
7. ใใใใใค kลgishitsu lectureroom
8. ใใใใใ ใใค kyลjushitsu professor'soffice
9. ใใใใค kลซshitsu VacantRoom
10. ใใใใกใ ใ shiyลchลซ Occupied11.ใณใใผๅฎค ใณใใผใใค kopฤซshitsu photocopyroom
3NewCharactersNinecharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationstohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
้็พฉ่ญฐๅฎค็ ็ฉถๅๅฎ้จ
187้kai,(gai)ใซใคใ(ใฌใค๏ผ
stair,story;rank
้ combines stone hedge,ๆฏ twomen lined up, and็ฝmodified from่ชoneself(cf.99).Inancienttimes,peoplepiledupstonestomakestairs.Rankisanassociatedmeaning.Byitself็meanseverybody.
ๅ้ ใใใใ yonkai the4thfloorๅฐไธไธ้ ใกใใใฃใใ chikaikkai the1stbasementไธ้ ใใใใ sangai the3rdfloor
______ใใใ ใ kaidan staircase,stairs
ๅฐ้ ใกใใ chikai basement
188็พฉgiใฎ
justice,righteousness
็พฉcombines beautifulorright(cf.130็),andๆ,ahandholdingaweapontoprotectoneself,meaningI.Thus็พฉmeansarightwayofdoingsomething,whichisrelatedtotheideaofjustice.
ๅ ฉๆใใ ใใใใใ kลgisuru togivealecture______
ใใ ใ shugi principle,-ismๅฎ็พฉใใ ใฆใใใใ teigisuru todefineๆใๆ ใใ igi meaning,significanceๆญข็พฉ ใใใ seigi justice
ใใ giri socialduty,obligation;in-law
189่ญฐgiใฎ
deliberate,discuss
่ญฐ,whichcombines่จspeakand็พฉjusticeorrighteousness,meansdiscussinganddeliberatingtocometorightconclusions.
ไผ่ญฐ ใใใ kaigi meeting,conference
ๅฝ้ไผ่ญฐใใใใใใใ
kokusaikaigi internationalconference
______ใใใใใ gironsuru toargue,todiscuss
่ญฐ้ก ใใ ใ gidai subjectfordiscussion,agendaใใกใใ gichล chairperson
่ญฐไผ ใใใ gikai assembly,theDiet,Congress,Parliament
ใใใ giin memberofanassembly/theDiet/Congress/Parliament
190ๅฎคshitsuใทใ
room
ๅฎค combines ๅฎ house and ่ณ bird diving down to the ground, meaningreachingagoal.Thusๅฎคmeansroom,whichcanbethoughtofasthegoalto
reachinahouse.
ไผ่ญฐๅฎค ใใใใใค kaigishitsu conferenceroomๅณๆธๅฎค ใฉใใใใค toshoshitsu libraryroom่ฌ็พฉๅฎค ใใใใใค kลgishitsu lectureroom็ฉบๅฎค ใใใใค kลซshitsu vacantroomๅฐไธๅฎค ใกใใใค chikashitsu basement
______ไบๅทๅฎค ใใใใใค gogลshitsu roomno.5ๅฎคๅ ใใคใชใ shitsunai indoor,insidetheroom
ใใใใฃ yokushitsu bathroom
191็ kenใฑใณ
polish,sharpen
็ ,whichcombines็ณstone(cf.139็ขบ) and make things even, indicatesmakingsomethingsmoothwithastone,namely,polishingorsharpening.
ใ็ ใใใ ~ken abbreviationfor~็ ็ฉถๆ/ๅฎค
(~ResearchInstitute/Laboratory)______
็ ไฟฎ็ ใใใใใใใ kenshลซsei trainee
192็ฉถkyลซใญใฅใฆ
investigate
็ฉถcombines hole(cf.158็ฉบ)andไนnine,thenumberthatendstheseriesofsingledigits.Thus็ฉถmeanssearchingorinvestigatinganunknownspacetoitsend.
็ ็ฉถใใ ใใใใ ใใใ kenkyลซsuru toresearch,toinvestigate็ ็ฉถๅฎค ใใใใ ใใใค kenkyลซshitsu researchlaboratory;researchunit็ ็ฉถ็ ใใใใใใใ kenkyลซsei researchstudent็ ็ฉถๆ ใใใใใใใ kenkyลซjo researchinstitute็ ็ฉถไผ ใใใใ ใใใ kenkyลซkai researchsociety/meeting
______ใใใใใใใ kenkyลซin researchfellow
193ๅmu
ใ
work;serve
ๅcombines็halberd,ๅpower(cf.67็ท),andๆต, indicatinganaction(cf.47ๆป).Fightingpowerfullywithahalberdwasanimportantdutyofwarriors.Fromthisassociation,ๅcametomeanworkingeneral.
ไบๅๅฎค ใใใใค jimushitsu office,administrativeofficeไบๅๆ ใใใใ jimusho office
______ใใใใใใใ gimukvลiku compulsoryeducationใใใใใ kลmuin governmentemployee,publicservantใใใใใใ gaimushล MinistryofForeignAffairsใปใใใใใ hลmushล MinistryofJusticeใใใใใ kimmusaki one'splaceofwork
194ๅฎmi,jitsu,(jiโ)ใฟใใธใใ(ใธใ๏ผ
fruit;truth,actuality
ๅฎderivesfromๅฏฆ,whichcombinesๅฎhouse, or็ฐricepaddy(cf.88),and่ฒmoney(cf.200่ฒป).Thusๅฏฆorๅฎ impliesa fruitfulharvest,whichmeansfruitornutsaswellasactualmoneyforahousehold.Truthisanassociatedmeaning.
ไบๅฎ ใใใค jijitsu factๅฎ้ ใใฃใใ jissai fact,reality;actually
______ๆจใฎๅฎ ใใฎใฟ kinomi nutๅฎ็ฉ ใใคใถใค jitsubutsu real/actualthingๅฎ็จ ใใฃใใ jitsuyล practicaluse
ใใฃใใใใใ jisshลซsuru tohavepracticaltrainingๅฎ่กใใ ใใฃใใใใ jikkลsuru toexecute,toimplement
195้จkenใฑใณ
test,examine
้จ derives from้ฉ,which combines้ฆฌ horse (cf. 70้ง ) and collect manythings (cf. 172้บ). The ancient Chinese examined and tested many horsesbeforebuyingone.
ๅฎ้จใใ ใใฃใใใใ jikkensuru toconductanexperiment
ๅฎ้จๅฎค ใใฃใใใใฃ jikkenshitsu laboratoryforexperiments______
ใใใ shiken text,examinationใใใใใใ keikensuru toexperience,togothroughใใใใใใ taikensuru toexperiencepersonally,togothrough
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ไบๅๅฎค
2.ๅฎ้จๅฎค
3.่ฌ็พฉๅฎค
4.ไธ้
5.็ ็ฉถๅฎค
6.ไธ้
7.็ ็ฉถ็
8.ไบๅฎ
9.ๅฎ้จใใ
10.้ฃๅ ใฏใๅฐไธไบ้ใซใใใพใใ
11.ๆฅๆใไบฌ้ฝใงๅฝ้ไผ่ญฐใใใใพใใ
12.ใใพใๅคงไผ่ญฐๅฎคใฏไฝฟ็จไธญใงใใใๅฐไผ่ญฐๅฎคใฏ็ฉบๅฎคใงใใ
13.ใใใฏใๅฎ้ใซใใฃใใใจใงใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionRead the conversation that the professorโs secretary had with auniversitystaffmember,firstonthephoneandtheninaroom.Thenanswerthefollowingquestions.
1 ๆธ๏ผ ใฏใใ็ฐไธญ็ ็ฉถๅฎคใงใใ
ๅคงๆจ๏ผ ไบๅใฎๅคงๆจใงใใใใกใใฏไบ้ใฎ ไบไผ่ญฐๅฎคใใ้ป่ฉฑใใฆใใใใงใใใ็ฐไธญๆ ใฏใใใฃใใใใพใใใ
ๆธ๏ผ ๆ ใฏ3ๆ้็ฎใฎ่ฌ็พฉใใใพใ ใใฉใใพใใใโฆ
ๅคงๆจ๏ผ 3ๆ้็ฎใฏ2ๆ50ๅใซ็ตใใใพใใใญใ่ฌ็พฉใฏใฉใกใใง๏ผ
ๆธ๏ผ ่ฌ็พฉๅฎคใงใใ
ๅคงๆจ๏ผ่ฌ็พฉๅฎคใชใใใฎ้ใงใใใญใไผ่ญฐๅใ ๆใใใชใฎใงใใใใพใ ใใใฃใใใใชใใใงใใ
ๆธ๏ผ
ใกใใฃใจใใพใกใใ ใใใในใฑใธใฅใผใซใ็ขบ่ชใใพใใๆ ใใใใฃใฆใใใฏใใง
ใใไผ่ญฐใฎ2 ๆใใณใใผใใพใใใโฆใใๅฎ้จๅฎคใฎใคใใใฎใใฉใงใไบๅๅฎคใธ่กใใชใใใฐใฉใใฃใฆใใใใ
ๅคงๆจ๏ผ ใใใใใงใใใใใใใใชใ้ใ ใใไบๅๅฎคใใใใฎใพใพ ไธไผ่ญฐๅฎคใธ่กใใใใฎใใชใใ
ๆธ๏ผ ใใใ ไธไผ่ญฐๅฎคใใฟใฆใใพใใ
ๅคงๆจ๏ผ ใฏใใใใญใใใใพใใ
ไบไผ่ญฐๅฎคใง
ๆธ๏ผ ๆ ใฏใพใ ใใใฃใใใใพใใใใ ไธไผ่ญฐๅฎคใฏ็ฉบๅฎคใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใใ
ๅคงๆจ๏ผ ใฉใใใใใ ใใใใใใ30ๅใพใงใฏใพใกใพใใใใ
ๆธ๏ผ ใใใใใใใใพใใใ
1 ๆธ:secretary
2 ๆ:documents
1.ProfessorTanakaโsresearchlaboratoryA.isonthefirstfloor.B.isonthesecondfloor.C.isonthesamefloorasconferenceroom#2.D.Wedonโtknowwhatflooritison.
2.WherewasProfessorTanakasupposedtogoafterthelecture,accordingtotheunderstandingofthesecretary?A.thelaboratoryforexperiments.B.thelibraryroom.C.theadministrativeoffice.D.thephotocopyroom.
3.TheadministrativeofficeisA.nextdoortothelaboratoryforexperiments.B.onthesamefloorasconferenceroom#1.C.nextdoortothephotocopyroom.D.onthesamefloorasconferenceroom#2.
4.Whenthesecretarywenttoconferenceroom#1,A.itwasoccupied.B.ProfessorTanakawasthere.C.aโvacantroomโsignwasonthedoor.D.itwaslocked.
5.Whatcanbesaidaboutthemeeting?A.ItstartedassoonastheyknewtheProfessorwasmissing.B.EventhoughProfessorTanakahadnโtcome,itstartedat3:00.
C.ItwascancelledbecauseProfessorTanakadidnโtshowupatall.D.WhetherProfessorTanakacomesornot,itstartsat3:30.
B
LESSON17
Announcementsไฝใฎใ็ฅใใใงใใ
ulletin boards contain a lot of useful information. Campusbulletin boards offer announcements like dates of final exams,
whennew courses start, names of scholarship recipients, and so on.Municipaloffices, supermarkets,banks, andotherpublicplacesalsouse bulletin boards for official notices and personal advertisements.Thanks to ads on bulletin boards, you can find part-time jobs, usedCD players, or bicycles at discount prices. Sometimes if you arelucky, you can even get things such as used furniture or electricalappliancesforfree.Thecommunitybulletinboardsgiveyouthelatest
newsinyourneighborhoodandtheschedulesoflocalevents.Inthislesson,youwilllearnhowtoreadbulletinboardsand,inthe
process,youmayevenfindsomeusefulinformationonboardswhereyouworkorstudy.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelow,andrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I. Posted below is a notice about a lecture by Professor Brown ofLondonUniversity.Readthenoticecarefullyandwritethecorrectanswersinthespacesprovided.
1.ใใฉใฆใณๆ ใฏใไฝใซใคใใฆ่ฉฑใใพใใใ_________________ใซใคใใฆ่ฉฑใใพใใ
2.่ฌ ใใใใใใฎใงใใใใฉใฎใใฆใใฎใซ่กใใฐใใใงใใใ_________________ใซ่กใใฐใใใงใใ
3.ๅ้ใฎใฉใฎใธใใซ่กใใฐใใใงใใใ_________________ใซ่กใใฐใใใงใใ
4.ใใฉใฆใณๆ ใฎ่ฌ ใฏไฝๆฅใงใใใ_________________ใงใใ
II.BelowisanoticeaboutafieldtriptotheYokohamaBayBridge.To join the trip you must fill in the application form. Read thenoticeandwritethecorrectanswersinthespacesprovided.
1.่ฆๅญฆใใขใผใฏไฝๆฅใงใใใ_________________ใงใใ
2.ใ้ใฏใใใใใใใพใใใ_________________ใใใใพใใ
3.่ฆๅญฆใใขใผใซ่กใใใไบบใฏใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใใ
_________________ใซ่จๅ ฅใใฆใ_________________ใซๅบใใพใใ
4.ใใคใพใงใซๅบใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใใ_________________ใพใงใซๅบใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใ
5.ใใ ใใใณใผในใฎๅญฆ็ใใใฏใใใณใผในใฎๅญฆ็ใ่กใใพใใใ_________________ใ
ApplicationFormforaCertificateofStudentStatusorProofofGraduation
CourseRegistrationForm
Theseformsareavailableattheadministrativeoffice.
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ใ็ฅใใ ใใใใ oshirase notice
2. ใใใใใ kyลju professor
3. ใใใ kลshi lecturer
4. ใญใณใใณใ ใใใ Rondondaigaku LondonUniversity
5. ใใใใใใ kลenkai lecture
6. ใใใใใ kaijล lecturehall
7. ใใฐใใใใใใค ~bankyลshitsu classroomno.~
8. ใใใใใใ kลensuru togivealecture
9. ใใใใใใขใผ kengakutsuฤ fieldtrip
10.ใใใฏใพในใคใใชใใธ
YokohamaBeiburijji YokohamaBayBridge
11. ใฒใใ hiyล cost
12. ใใ ใฃใฑใค shuppatsu departure
13.ใใพใใฉใใใใ ใใใค
Yamamotokenkyลซshitsu
YamamotoResearchLaboratory
14. ใใใใ shimekiri deadline
15. ใ ใใใใใ daigakuin graduateschool16.ไฟฎๅฃซ ใใใใ shushi masterdegree17.ๅๅฃซ ใฏใใ hakushi doctoraldegree18. ใใใใใใใใใ
ใใตใญใใ~shลmeishokลfunegai
applicationfor~certificate
19. ใใใใใใใ gakuseishล studentIDcard
ใใใ ใใใใใฉใฉrishลซkamoku
20. ใ todoke courseregistration
3NewCharactersElevencharactersare introduced in this lesson.Use theexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
็ฅๅ ดๆ่ฆ่ฒป้ขไฟฎๅฃซๅๆๅฑ
196็ฅshi-ru,chiใใปใใใ
know
็ฅ,which combines็ข arrow andๅฃmouth, suggests speaking straight andaccurately.Inordertodoso,knowledgeofthesubjectisrequired.
็ฅใ ใใ shiru toknowใ็ฅใใ ใใใใ oshirase information,notice้็ฅใใ ใคใใกใใ tsลซchisuru tonotify,toinform็ฅไบ ใกใ chiji prefecturalgovernor
______ใใใใ shiriai acquaintanceใกใใ chishiki knowledge
็ฅไบบ ใกใใ chjin acquaintance
197ๅ ดba,jลใฐใใธใงใฆ
place
ๅ ดcombines (ๅ)groundandๆsunrisinghighandshiningbrightly.Fromindicatingaplacewherethesunshinesontheground,ๅ ดhascometomeanplaceingeneral.
ๅ ดๆ ใฐใใ basho place,locationๅทฅๅ ด ใใใใใ kลjล factoryไผๅ ด ใใใใใ kaijล meeting/party/lecture/exhibitionplaceๅ ฅๅ ดๅธ ใซใ ใใใใใใ nyลซjลken admission/platformticket
ใฐใใ baai case,occasionใใใฐ gemba thescene(ofaccident,etc.);worksite
ๅ ดๅ ใใใใชใ jลnai insidetheplaceใกใใใใใใใ chลซshajล parkinglot
198ๆoshi-eru,kyลใใใปใใใใญใงใฆ
teach
ๆcombines simplified่,depictinganoldman,ๅญchild(cf.116),andๆต,indicatinganaction(cf.47ๆป).Togethertheysuggestanoldmanteachingachild.
ๆใใ ใใใใ oshieru toteachๆๅฎค ใใใใใค kyลshitsu classroomๆ็งๆธ ใใใใใใ kyลkasho textbook
______ใใใใใ kyลju professorใใใใ kyลshi teacherใใใใใ kyลmuka AcademicAffairsSectionใใ ใใใใ shลซkyล religion
199่ฆmi-ru,kenใฟใปใใใฑใณ
see,watch
่ฆcombines็ฎeyeandๅฟlegs,areferencetoman.Amanโseyesenablehimtosee.
่ฆใ ใฟใ miru tosee,towatch่ฆๆฌ ใฟใปใ mihon sample่ฆๅญฆใใ ใใใใใใ kengakusuru tovisit(afactory,etc.)forstudyๆ่ฆ ใใใ iken opinion
______่ฆๅบใ ใฟใ ใ midashi headline็บ่ฆใใ ใฏใฃใใใใ hakkensuru todiscover่จ่ ไผ่ฆ ใใใใใใใ kishakaiken pressconference
200่ฒปtsui-yasu,hi,(pi)ใคใใปใใใใใ(ใ)
cost,extend;spend
่ฒปcombinesๅผ,avinebeinguntangledby two sticks,meaning split, and่ฒshell, which was formerly used as money. Money being split up to covervariousexpenseshasgiven่ฒปthemeaningofspendorexpense.
่ฒป็จ ใฒใใ hiyล expense,cost้ฃ่ฒป ใใใใฒ shokuhi foodexpensesๅญฆ่ฒป ใใใฒ gakuhi schoolexpensesไผ่ฒป ใใใฒ kaihi membershipfeeไบค้่ฒป ใใใคใใฒ kลtsลซhi transportationexpenses
______่ฒปใใ ใคใใใ tsuiyasu tospendๅฝ่ฒป ใใใฒ kokuhi nationalexpenditure
ใใฒ shihi privateexpenseๅฎ่ฒป ใใฃใด jiPPi actualexpenseๆถ่ฒป่ ใใใใฒใใ shลhisha consumer
201้ขinใคใณ
institution
้ขrepresentsabuildingๅฎsurroundedbyastonewallwherebaldmenๅ suchaspriestsorscholarsusedtowork.Thus้ขstandsfortemples,hospitals,andotherinstitutions.
ๅคงๅญฆ้ข ใ ใใใใใ daigakuin graduateschoolๅคงๅญฆ้ข็ ใ ใใใใใใใ daigakuinsei graduatestudentๅ ฅ้ขใใ ใซใใใใ nyuinsuru tobehospitalized
______ใณใใใใ biyลin beautyparlorใใใใใใ taiinsuru tobedischargedfromahospitalใใใ jiin temple
202ไฟฎshลซใทใฅใฆ
master,mend
ไฟฎcombinesๅฝกhairornamentand pouringwateronsomeoneโsback,bothsuggestingputtingsomethingintogoodshape.Fromthisไฟฎhascometomeanmastersomething.
็ ไฟฎ ใใใใ ใค kensnลซ on-the-jobtraining็ ไฟฎ็ ใใใใ ใใใ kensnลซsei trainee
______ใใ ใใใใใใใใใ shลซryลshลsho certificateofcompletionใใ ใใใใไธใใฉ shลซgakuryokล schoolexcursionใใใใใใ shลซrisuru tomend,torepair
ไฟฎๆญฃใใ ใใใใใใใใ shลซseisuru toamend,tocorrect
203ๅฃซshiใท
man;scholar
ๅฃซdepictsamanstandingupright.
ไฟฎๅฃซใใ ใใ shลซshi masterdegree
________ๅญฆๅฃซ ใใใ gakusni bachelordegreeๅๅฃซ ใใใ rikishi sumowrestlerใคใๅๅฃซ
ใ ใใใ daigishimemberoftheDiet(usuallyHouseofRepresentatives)
204
haku,(paku)ใใฏใ(ใใฏ๏ผ
broad,extensive
ๅ,whichcombinesๅ add (cf. 184ๅ),ๅฐ specialize (cf. 46), andไธถpoint,suggests broadening oneโs specialization by adding various points to oneโsknowledge.Fromthisๅhascometomeanbroadorextensive.
ๅๅฃซ ใฏใใใฏใใ hakushi/hakase doctoraldegree;doctorๅทฅๅญฆๅๅฃซ
ใใใใใฏใใ/*ใฏใใ
kลgakuhakushi/hakase DoctorofEngineering
________ๅ็ฉ้คจ ใฏใใถใคใใ hakubutsukan museumofhistoryandculture
ไธๅ ใฐใใฑใ bampaku abbreviationforไธๅฝๅ่ฆงไผ(worldexposition)
205ๆaka-rui,meiใใใปใใใใกใค
bright,clear;next
Whenthesunๆฅandthemoonๆcometogether,everythingbecomesbright.
ๆใใ ใใใใ akarui bright่จผๆใใ ใใใใใใใ shลmeisuru toprove,tocertify่จผๆๆธ ใใใใใใใ shลmeisho certificate่จผๆ่จผ ใใใใใใใใ shลmeishล certificate
________ใใคใใใใ setsumeisho explanatorybooklet,manual
ๆๆ ใถใใใ bummei civilizationๆๆฅ *ใใ/ใใใ asu/ashita tomorrow
206ๅฑtodo-ku,todo-keruใจใฉใปใใใจใฉใปใใ
reach;deliver;notify
ๅฑ combines ๅฐธ reclining man and ็ฑ bottle of wine. From the idea ofdeliveringwine to a sickperson,ๅฑhas come tomean deliver.Reach is anassociatedmeaning.
ๅฑใ ใฉใฉใ todoku (aletter,etc.)to
reach/arriveๅฑใใ ใฉใฉใใ todokeru todeliver;tonotifyๅฑ๏ผใ๏ผ ใฉใฉใ todoke notification
็ง็ฎๅฑ
ใใใ ใใใใใฉใฉใ
rishลซkamokutodoke courseregistration
______ๅ่ฌๅฑ ใใ ใใใฉใฉใ jukลtodoke courseregistration
ใธใใใใฉใฉใ henkลtodoke noticeofchangeof~ใใฃใใใฉใฉใ kessekitodoke absenteenotice
ๅฑใๅ ใฉใฉใใใ todokesaki deliverydestination
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ใ็ฅใใ
2.ๆ
3.ไผๅ ด
4.่ฆๅญฆใใขใผ
5.่ฒป็จ
6.ๅคงๅญฆ้ข
7.ไฟฎๅฃซ
8.ๅๅฃซ
9.่จผๆๆธ
10.ๅฑใใ
11.้็ฅใใ
12. ไฟฎ็ง็ฎๅฑ
13.ๆ็งๆธ
14.ๅทฅๅ ด
15.้ฃ่ฒป
16.ๅ ฅ้ขใใ
17.่ฌ ไผใฎๅ ดๆใๆใใฆไธใใใ
18.ๅทฅๅ ดใงใ็ ไฟฎใใพใใ
19.ใใฎๆๅฎคใฏใๆใใใงใใญใ
20. ้่ฒปใฏใ่ชๅใงๅบใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionBelowisanoticeaboutaconcert.Readthenoticeandchoosethebestanswerstothequestions.
1.Ifyouwanttogotothisconcertintheafternoon,whattimedoyouhavetoentertheconcerthall?A.2:45P.M.B.3:00P.M.C.3:45P.M.D.4:15P.M.
2.Whowillplayinthisconcertintheafternoon?A.5universitystudentsB.3graduatestudentsand3professorsC.5universitystudentsand3graduatestudentsD.5universitystudentsand3professors
3.Onwhatdayoftheweekdoesthisgrouppractice?
A.MondayandThursdayB.TuesdayandFridayC.WednesdayandSaturdayD.ThursdayandSunday
4.Ifyouwanttovisitthem,whatshouldyoudo?A.Firstyouhavetoaskwhenyoucanvisitthem.B.Youcanvisitthematanytime,ifitisapracticeday.C.Youhavetomakeareservation.D.Youโrenotallowedtovisittheirpractices.
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthisnoticeisnottrue?A.Date:10thOct.(Sunday)B.Morningconcert:10:00A.M.โ11:30A.M.C.Entrancefee:freeD.Concerthall:largeauditorium
I
LESSON18
GoingtotheHospital
็ ้ขใธ่กใใพใ
f you become ill, you may decide to visit either a smallneighborhoodclinicor abighospital.Oneconvenient aspectof a
small clinic is that you can make an appointment to see a doctor,
receive medicine, and make payments all at one window. Largerhospitals are more bureaucratic and each window has a differentfunction.Inthislesson,youwillstudysomekanjifrequentlyseeninhospitals,aswellaskanjifoundininstructionsfortakingmedicine.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationbelow,andrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I.Matchtherightandleftphrases.Writethecorrectletters(a~d)inthespacesprovided.
1.Mr.Leehascometothehospital.Helphimoutbytellinghimwhattodoateachwindow.
1)ๅคๆฅๅไป () a.ใๅป่ ใใใซใฟใฆใใใ
2)ไผ่จ๏ผๆฏๆใใพใฉใญ๏ผ () b.ใใใใใใใ
3)่ฌๅฑ () c.ใ้ใใฏใใ
4)่จบ็ๅฎค () d.ไฟ้บ่จผใ่จบๅฏๅธใๅบใ
2.Whichmedicaldepartmentsshouldhegotoforthefollowingcomplaints?1)*ใใใใฒใใๆ(*acold)
1)*ใใใใฒใใๆ๏ผ*acold) () a.ๅค็ง
2)**ใฏใใใใๆ(*atoothache) () b.ๅ ็ง
3)ๅญใฉใใ็ ๆฐใซใชใฃใๆ () c.ๆญฏ็ง
4)*ใใใใใๆ(*aninjury) () d.ๅฐๅ ็ง
II.Mr.Leehasreceivedhismedicine.Refertotheinstructionsontheprescriptionenvelope,and thenchoose thecorrectanswers to thequestionsbelow.
1.ใฎใ่ฌใฏใฉใกใใงใใใ a.ๅค็จ่ฌb.ๅ ็จ่ฌ
2.ใชใผใใใฏใฉใฎใใใ่ฌใใใใใพใใใใ (a.ใb.ไธc.ๅ๏ผใๅ
3.โๆฅใไฝๅใฎใฟใพใใใ (a.ไธb.ใc.ใใๅ
4.ใใคใใฎใฟใพใใใ a. ้ฃใฎใใฉใใฉใใฉใ
b. ้ฃใฎใใฉใใใคใ
c. ้ฃใฎใใฉใใฉใกใใ
5.ๆฏๅใใใใคใใฎใฟใพใใใ (a.ไธb.ใc.ใ)ๅ
(a.ไธb.ใc.ใ)้
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใณใใใใ byลin hospital
2. ใณใใใ byลki sickness
3. ๅใใใใใคใ gairaiuketsuke outpatientreception
4. ใใใใ kaikei bill,payment
5.ใใฏใใใพใฉใใก
shiharaimadoguchi paymentwindow
6. ใใฃใใใ yakkyoku pharmacy
7. ใใใใคใใค shinsatsushitsu examinationroom
8. ใใใ isha medicaldoctor
9. ใใใใคใใ shinsatsuken patient'scard
10. ใปใใใใใ hokenshล healthinsurancecertificate
11. ใใ geka surgery
12. ใชใใ naika internalmedicineunit
13. ใใใตใใใ sanfujinka obstetricsandgynecology
14. ใใ shika dentistry
15. ใใใใซใ shลnika pediatrics
16. ใชใใใใใ naiyลyaku medicineforinternaluse
17. ๅใใใใใใ gaiyลyaku medicineforexternaluse
18. ไธใใปใ yลhล instructionsforuse
19. ใพใใใใ maishoku everymeal
20. ใพใใใ maikai everytime
21. ใกใใใใใ chลshoku breakfast
22. ใใใใใ yลซshoku supper
23. ใฟใคใใถใใ mikkabun 3days'worth
24. ใใปใ ~hล ใpack(s)
25. ใใใใ ~jล ใtablet(s)
3NewCharactersSeventeen characters are introduced in this lesson. Use theexplanations to help you understand and remember the characters.Studythecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
็ ๅปๆญฏๅ ็ฃไฟๅไปๆฅ่ฌ่จบๅฏ่จๆฏๆๆณๆฏ
207็ byลใใงใฆ
sickness,illness
็ ,whichcombines maninbedandไธstifflegs,meanssickness. isusedasaradicaltorefertosickness.
็ ้ข ใณใใใใ byลin hospital็ ๆฐ ใณใใ ใ byลki sickness,disease็ ๅฎค ใณใใใใค byลshitsu sickroom็ ไบบ ใณใใใซใ byลnin sickperson
________ๆฅ็ ใใ ใใณใใ kyubyล suddenillness็ ๅ ใณใใใใ byลmei thenameofadiseaseๅคงๅญฆ็ ้ข ใ ใใใ daigaku universityhospital
ใณใใใใ byลinๆไบบ็ ใใใใใณใใ seijin adultdiseasebyล
208ๅปiใค
medicine;healing
ๅปcombinesๅboxand็ขarrow (cf. 196็ฅ), referring here to fine needlesused in acupuncture.Originally indicatingadoctorโsboxofneedles,ๅปhascometomeanmedicalscience,healing,ormedicaldoctor.
ๅป่ ใใใ isha medicaldoctorๅป้ข ใใใ iin clinic,doctorsofficeๅปๅญฆ ใใใ igaku medicalscience
________ๅค็งๅป ใใใ gekai surgeonๅ ็งๅป ใชใใใ naikai physician,internist
ๅป็่ฒป ใใใใใฒ iryลhi medicalexpenses
209ๆญฏha,(ba),shiใฏใ(ใฐ)ใใท
tooth
Formerlywritten้ฝ,ๆญฏ combinesๆญข stop (cf. 149) and a pictograph of thefrontteeth.Thusๆญฏoriginallysuggestedstoppingfoodinthemouthbybitingitwithoneโsteeth,andnowsimplymeanstooth.
ๆญฏๅป่ ใฏใใใ haisha dentistๆญฏ็ง ใใ shika dentalsurgery,dentistryๆญฏ็งๅป ใใใ shikai dentist
________ใใใฐ mushiba decayedtooth
ๅๆญฏ ใพใใฐ maeba fronttoothๅ ฅ๏ผใ๏ผๆญฏ ใใใฐ ireba dentures็พฉๆญฏ ใใ gishi artificialtooth,dentures
210ๅ
ji,niใธใใ
infant,child
ๅ was originallywrittenๅ ,which derived from a pictograph of an infantwhoseheadislargeandwhoseskullboneshavenotyetjoinedcompletely.
ๅฐๅ ็ง ใใใใซใ snลnika pediatricsๅฐๅ ็งๅป ใใใใซใใ snลnikai pediatrician
______ใใฉใ jido child
211็ฃu-mu,sanใใปใใใตใณ
givebirth;produce
็ฃ combines life็ (cf. 42) and becoming obvious and visible, whichcomesfromamanstanding็ซ(cf.167)onacliffๅ.Thus็ฃsuggestsnewlifebecomingvisible,suchasgivingbirthorproducing.
็ฃๅค ใใ umu togivebirthใใใตใใใ sanfujinka obstetricsandgynecology
______็็ฃใใ ใใใใใใ seisansuru toproduce็น็ฃๅ ใฉใใใใฒใ tokusannin specialproductๅ็ฃ *ใฟใใ miyage souvenir
212ไฟtamo-tsu,hoใใใปใคใใ
keep,maintain;protect
ไฟ,whichcombinesใคmanandๅbabywrapped inashawl,meansprotect,takecare,keep,ormaintain.
ไฟ่จผไบบ ใปใใใใซใ nosnลnin guarantorไฟ่จผๆธ ใปใใใใใ nosnลsno warrantycardไฟ้บ ใปใใ noken insuranceไฟ้บ่จผ ใปใใใใใ nokensnล healthinsurancecard
______ไฟใค ใใใค tamotsu tokeep,tomaintain
ใปใใใใ nokenjo publichealthcenter
ใปใใใใ noikuen nurseryschool,daycarecenter
ไฟ้บ
ใใใฟใใใใใใปใใ
KokuminKenkลhoken nationalhealthinsurance
213ๅu-keru,juใใปใใใใธใฅ
receive
ๅcombineshand,ๅship,andๅanotherhand.Goodscarriedbyshipswerereceivedbyonepersonfromanother,handtohand,ataport.
ๅใใ ใใใ ukeru toreceive;totake(atest);tohave(anoperation)
ๅ(ใ)ๅใ
ใใใฉใ uketoru toreceive,toget
______ใใใฟ ukemi passivevoice
้ตไพฟๅใใใใณใใใ yลซbin'uke mailbox
ใใ ใใใ juken
ๅ้จใใ ใ suru totakeanexamination
214ไปtsu-ku,tus-keru,fuใคใปใใใคใปใใใใ
attach
ไปrepresentsahand attachingastickไธถtoamanใค.
ไปใ ใคใ tsuku tostickไปใใ ใคใใ tsukeru toattach,toput,tostickๆ้ๅคๅไป
ใใใใใใใใคใ
jikangaiuketsuke
receptionbeforeandafterofficehours
______ใตใคใ furoku supplement,appendixใตใใใณใใใใ
fuzokubvลin hospitalattachedto~
ใใใตใใ kลiusuru todeliver/issue(acertificate,etc.)
215ๆฅ
ku-ru,raiใใปใใใฉใค
come
ๆฅderivesfromapictographofripegrainreadytobeharvested.Sinceharvestsuggeststhecomingofnewcrops,ๆฅmeanscomeorcoming.
ๆฅใ ใใ kuru tocomeๆฅ้ฑ ใใใใใ raisnลซ nextweekๆฅๆ ใใใใค raigetsu nextmonthๅคๆฅๅไป ๅใใใใใใใคใ gairaiuketsuke outpatientreceptionๅคๆฅ่ช ใใใใใ gairaigo foreignloanword
______ใใใใใ snลrai future
ๆฅๅนด ใใใญใ rainen nextyear
216่ฌkusuri,(gusuri),yaku,(yaโ)ใใใใ(ใใใ)ใใคใฏใ(ใคใ๏ผ
medicine
่ฌcombines theradical plantandๆฅฝ,a tree ladenwithnuts thatmakesapleasant sound when shaken. Thus ่ฌ suggests plants used to make sickpeoplefeelbetter,aformofmedicine.
่ฌ ใใใ kusuri medicine,drug,pillๅ ็จ่ฌ ใชใใใใใ naiyลvaku medicineforinternaluseๅค็จ่ฌ ใใใใใใ gaiyลvaku medicineforexternaluse่ฌๅฑ ใใฃใใใ yakkyoku pharmacy,drugstore
______่ฌไปฃ ใใใใ ใ kusuridai medicineexpenses็ฎ่ฌ ใใใใ megusuri eyemedicine่ฌๅ ใใใฒใ yakuhin medicine,chemicals่ฌๅญฆ ใใใใ yakugaku pharmacology
217่จบshinใทใณ
diagnose,examine
่จบcombines่จspeak(cf.78่ฉฑ)andๅฝกlotsofhaircovering ahead.Thus่จบsuggestsadoctoraskingapatientlotsofquestionstocoverallhissymptoms,inotherwords,diagnosinghim.
ไผ่จบๆฅ ใใ ใใใใณ kyลซshinbi vacationdayforclinicๅ่จบ ใใ ใใ jushin havingmedicalexamination
________ใใใใ shoshin thefirstmedicalexaminationใใใใ saishin medicalre-examinationใใใใ kenshin medicalexaminationใใใใใใใใ shinryลjikan consultation/surgeryhours
218ๅฏsatsuใตใ
investigate;judge;guess
ๅฏ,which combinesๅฎ house and็ฅญ festival (cf. 36), suggests purifying ahouse thoroughly. By extension,ๅฏ now means investigate thoroughly andjudgebasedoninvestigation.Anassociatedmeaningisguess.
่จบๅฏใใ ใใใใคใใ shinsatsusuru toexamine/seeapatient่จบๅฏๅฎค ใใใใคใใฃ shinsatsushitsu examination/consultationroom่จบๅฏๅธ ใใใใคใใ shinsatsuken patientscard
่จบๅฏๆฅ ใใใใคใณ shinsatsubi consultation/surgeryday่จบๅฏๆ ใใใใคใใใ shinsatsuryล doctor'sfee
______
ใใใใค keisatsu police
219่จkeiใฑใค
measure;total;plan
่จ,which combines่จ speak (cf. 78่ฉฑ) andๅ add (cf. 184ๅ), suggestsaddingupthenumberofwordsthatapersonspeaks.Fromthis,่จhascometomeanmeasureortotal.
ไผ่จ ใใ๏ผใใ kaikei accounts,bill;cashierๆ่จ ใฉใใ tokei watch,clock
______ใใใใใใ keisansuru tocalculate,tocompute
ๅฐ่จ ใใใใใ shลkei subtotalใใใใใใ gลkeisuru tototal,toaddupใใใใใใ keikakusuru toplan
220ๆฏsasa-eru,shiใใใปใใใใท
branch;support
ๆฏrepresentsabranchthatisheldinahand.
ๆฏๅบ ใใใ ใค shishutsu expenses,expenditure________
ๆฏใใ ใใใใ sasaeru tosupportๆฏ้จ ใใต shibu branch(ofaunion,associationetc.)
ใใใ shisha branchofficeofacompanyใใใใ shijisuru tosupport
221ๆhara-u,(bara-i)ใฏใใปใใ(ใฐใใปใ๏ผ
pay;sweepoff
ๆderives fromๆ,which combines hand andๅผvine being untangled bytwosticks(cf.200่ฒป).Thusๆsuggestssweepingand,byextension,pay(anactofclearingupdebts).
ๆใ ใฏใใ harau topay;tosweepoff
ๆฏๆใ ใใฏใใ shiharau topayใใฏใใใพใฉใใก shiharaimadoguchi paymentwindow,cashier
______ๆ(ใ)่พผใฟ ใฏใใใใฟ haraikomi payment
ใฏใใใใฉใ haraimodoshi refund,repaymentใใใใใฐใใใ genkinbarai cashpayment
ๅๅฒๆใ ใถใใใคใฐใใใ bunkatsubarai paymentininstallments
222ๆณhล,(pล)ใใฆใ(ใใฆ๏ผ
law,method
ๆณcombines waterandๅปpot,indicatingatight-liddedpotthatkeepswaterinside.Fromthisๆณhascometomeanlaw,whichlimitspeopleโsbehavior.Anassociatedmeaningismethod.
ๆนๆณ ใปใใปใ hลhล method,wayไฝฟ็จๆณ ใใใใปใ shivลhล howtouse,directionsforuse็จๆณ ใใใปใ vลhล usage,instructionsforuseๆๆณ ใถใใใปใใ bumpล grammar
________
ใปใใใค hลritsu lawๆณๅญฆ้จ ใปใใใใถ hลgakubu FacultyofLaw
ใกใใใใปใ chลrihล howtocookใใใฝใ sumpล size,measurements
223ๆฏmaiใใค
every,each
ๆฏcombines hairpin andๆฏ,aderivationofๆฏ,which is composed ofๅฅณwomanandtwodotsforbreastsandmeansmother.ๆฏ,whichoriginallyalsorepresented mother, has come to mean every, because every mother has achild.
ๆฏๆฅ ใพใใซใก mainichi everydayๆฏๅ ใพใใใ maikai everytimeๆฏ้ฃ ใพใใใใ maishoku each/everymeal
______ใพใใซใกใใใถใ Mainichishimbun MainichiDailyNews
ๆฏ้ฑ ใพใใใใ maishลซ everyweekๆฏๆ ใพใใคใ maitsuki everymonth
ๆฏๅนด ใพใใฉใ/ใพใใญใ maitoshi/mainen everyyear
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.็ ้ข
2.็ ๆฐ
3.ๅคๆฅๅไป
4.ไผ่จ
5.ๆฏๆใ
6.่ฌๅฑ
7.่จบๅฏๅฎค
8.ๅป่
9.ไฟ้บ่จผ
10.ๅค็ง
11.ๅ ็ง
12.็ฃ ไบบ็ง
13.ๆญฏ็ง
14.ๅฐๅ ็ง
15.ๅค็จ่ฌ
16.ๅ ็จ่ฌ
17.็จๆณ
18.ๆฏ้ฃ
19.ๆฏๅ
20.ๅป้ข
21.ๅปๅญฆ
22.ๆญฏ็งๅป
23.ไฟ่จผไบบ
24.ๅคๆฅ่ช
25.ไฝฟ็จๆณ
26.ๆญฏๅป่ ใใใซ่กใฃใใใใใใใฏใไผ่จบๆฅใงใใใ
27.ๅไปใงใ่จบๅฏๅธใๅใๅใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
28.ๆฅ้ฑใๅฝใฎใจใใ ใกใๆฅๆฌใธๆฅใพใใ
29.ใใฎ่ฌใๆฏๆฅไธๅใฎใฟใชใใใ
30.ใใใใซใไผ่จใฎ ๅฃใงใ้ใๆใใพใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionReadtheinformation,thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.
ใธใงใณใใใฏๅคงๅญฆ็ใงใใใใฎใใใ ใใใใใฆใ้ซใใญใคใใใใพใใใฒใจใใงใขใใผใใฎใกใใใฎๅคงใใช็ ้ขใธๆฅใพใใใใใใฏใฏใใใฆใงใใใใพ็ ้ขใฎๅใซใใพใใ
1 referralform
1.Johncamealonetothishospitalforthefirsttime,withoutanyreferralform.Canhegetamedicalexamination?A.Sincehedoesnothaveareferralform,hecannotconsultadoctor.B.Inordertoseeadoctor,hehastocomewithsomeonetointroducehim.C.Evenifhehasnoreferralform,hecangetamedicalexam.Buthehasto
paymoneyforthat.D. It isnot clearwhetherhecan see thedoctor,because it dependson the
numberofpatientsthere.
2.Therearemanymedicalexaminationdepartments in thishospital.TowhichdepartmentshouldJohngo?A.ๅค็ง
B.ๅ ็ง
C.็ฃๅฉฆไบบ็ง
D.ๅฐๅ ็ง
3.InwhichordershouldJohngotothenecessaryplaces?A.outpatientreceptionโexaminationroomโpharmacyโpaymentB.outpatientreceptionโpaymentโexaminationroomโpharmacyC.outpatientreceptionโpharmacyโexaminationroomโpaymentD.outpatientreceptionโexaminationroomโpaymentโpharmacy
4.According to thisnotice,whatcanbesaidaboutJohnโsnextvisit tosee thedoctor?A. If he has a fever again, he can visit the hospital without making an
appointment.B.Beingauniversitystudent,hewillbeacceptedeven ifhecomes late in
theevening.C. He has to make an appointment for the next visit during the medical
examinationtoday.D. He can make an appointment on the telephone if he has taken all the
medicine.
REVIEWEXERCISE:LESSONS15โ18
I.Thewordslistedbelowrelatetooneofthreeplaces:A)theinsideofa university building, B) a university campus, or C) a hospital.Group them appropriately and write their letters in the spacesprovided.
II.Findthemissingkanjiandwritethemortheircorrespondinglettersinthespacesbelow.
D
LESSON19
ShoppingattheSupermarket
ในใผใใผใงใปใผใซใใใใพใ
epartmentstoresinJapancarryawidevarietyofproducts,whilesupermarketsstockmainlyfoodandotherdailynecessities.For
peoplewhoprefersmaller,specializedstores,therearebutchershops,fishmarkets,vegetableshops,andsoon.Althoughbargainingisnotencouraged,storesdooccasionallyholdsales.Especiallyattheendof
the season, stores carry lots of discount merchandise to attractcustomers.Tosavemoney,lookforadvertisingleafletsinnewspapers.
1IntroductoryQuizI.Readthefollowingadvertisementforasupermarketsale,andrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
1.ใใฎๅบใฏใๅคงไบฌในใใขใฎ(a.ใใใใพใฟใb.ใใใใพใฆใ)ใงใใ
2.6ๆฅใใ8ๆฅใพใงใฏใ(a.้ซใb.ๅฎใ)ๅฃฒใใพใใ
3.่ใ้ญใใใใใฎไธญใงใไธ็ชๅฎใใชใ็ฉใฏ(a.่b.้ญc.ใใใ)ใงใใ
4.ใใใฟใฏ(a.่b.้ญ)ๅฃฒใๅ ดใง่ฒทใใพใใ
5.*ใใ ใฏ(a.้ญb.่)ๅฃฒใๅ ดใง่ฒทใใพใใ(*ham)6.(a.ใใคใใb.ใณใผใใผ)ใๅฎใใชใใพใใ
7.ใใพใๅๅพ5ๆใงใใๅบใฏ(a.้ใใฆใใพใใb.้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใ)
8.ๆฏๆใ 4ๆฐดๆๆฅใฏ(a.ไผใฟใงใใb.้ใใฆใใพใใ)
II.Decidewhichcharactersrepresentthefollowingpictures,andthencirclethecorrectanswers.
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1.ในใผใไธ sลซpฤ supermarket2.ๅบ ใฟใ mise store
3. ใใใใพใฆใ kitayamaten Kitayamastore
4. ใ ใใฉใใฐใ daitokubai supersale
5. ใใใ takai expensive
6.ๅฎใ ใใใ yasui cheap7.ๅใ ใใ uru tosell8.่ ใซใ niku meat9.็่ ใใใใซใ gyลซniku beef10.่ฑ่ ใถใๅนฟใ๏ผใใ butaniku pork11.้ณฅ่ ใฉใใซใ toriniku chicken12.้ญ ใใใช sakana fish
13. ใใกใใใณใ ichiwaribiki 10%discount
14. ใใกใฐใ ichiban themost
15.ๅฎใใชใ ใใใใชใ vasukunaru tobediscounted16.็ฉ ใใฎ mono thing
17. ใใใฐ uriba counterinashop18.่ฒทใ ใใ kau tobuy
19. ใใใใใใใฒใ shokuryลhin groceries,provisions
20. ใใใณใ zempin allitems
21.(ใ๏ผ่ฒทใ็ฉ (ใ๏ผใใใใฎ (o)kaimono shopping
22. ใใใใใใใใ eigyojikan businesshours
23. ใใ aku toopen
24. ใใพใ shimaru toclose
25. ใ ใใใกใใใใใณ daiichisuiyลbi thefirstWednesday
26. ใฆใใใ ใใณ teikyลซbi ShopHoliday,regularholiday
3NewCharactersThirteencharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationsto help you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅบๅฃฒ่็่ฑ้ณฅ้ญๅฒๅๅฎ่ฒท็ฉๆฅญ
224ๅบmise,tenใฟใใใใณ
shop,store
ๅบcombinesๅนฟrooforhouse,ๅfortunetellerโsstick(cf.154ๅค),andๅspaceorplace.ๅ formerlymeantselectingandoccupyingagoodplaceaccordingtotheadviceofafortuneteller.ๅบthuscametomeanahousesetupinaplacegoodforbusiness,thatis,ashoporstore.
ๅบ ใฟใ mise shop,storeๆธๅบ ใใใฆใ shoten bookstore้ๅบๆ้ ใใใฆใใใใ kaitenjikan storeopeningtime้ๅบๆ้ ใธใใฆใใใใ heitenjikan storeclosingtime
________ๆฌๅบ ใปใใฆใ honten mainstore,headofficeๆฏๅบ ใใฆใ shiten branchstore/office
ใฒใใฃใใฆใ hyakkaten departmentstoreๅฐ้ๅบ ใใใใใฆใ semmonten specialtystore,storespecializingin~
225ๅฃฒu-ru,baiใใปใใใใค
sell
ๅฃฒ derives from่ณฃ,which combinesๅฃซ, a simplified form ofๅบ take out orshow(cf.108),and่ฒท,whichusuallymeansbuying(cf.234),butheremeanssomething todowithbusiness.Thusๅฃฒsuggests selling. (Imagineamanๅฃซ
standingๅฟbehindashowcaseinashopๅ.)
ๅฃฒใ ใใ uru tosellๅๅ ด ใใใฐ uriba counterinashop,vendingarea็นๅฃฒ ใฉใใฐใ tokubai special/bargainsaleๅฃฒๅบ ใฐใใฆใ baiten stand,stall
________ๅคงๅฃฒ(ใ)ๅบใ ใใใใใ ใ ลuridashi bigsale็บๅฃฒๆฅ ใฏใคใฐใใณ hatsubaibi thedayofreleaseforsaleๆฐ็บๅฃฒ ใใใฏใคใฐใ shinhatusbai newlyonsale
226่nikuใใฏ
meat
่derivesfromapictographofmeat.When่isusedasapartofotherkanji,itiswrittenๆ.
่ ใซใ niku meat______
ใฒใใซใ hikiniku minced/groundmeatใซใใใใใ nikuryลri meatdishes
ใใใซใ yakiniku grilledmeat
227็ushi,gyลซใใใใฎใฅใฆ
cow,bull
็derivesfromapictographofacoworbullโshead.
็ ใใ ushi cattle,cow,bull็่ ใใใใซใ gyลซniku beef
________ใใใใซใใ gyลซnyลซ cow'smilkใใ ใใฉใ gyลซdon abowlofricetoppedwithcookedslicedbeef
ๆฐด็ ใใใใใ suigyลซ waterbuffalo
228่ฑbuta,tonใถใใใใณ
pig
่ฑderivesfromapictographofapig.ๆmeat(cf.226่)wasaddedinordertospecifyapigwhichiseaten,namely,pork.
่ฑ ใถใใ buta pig่ฑ่ ใถใๅนฟใ๏ผใใ butaniku pork่ฑใซใ ใฉใใซใ tonkatsu breadedporkcutlet
________ใใใถใ yakibuta roastporkใใถใ subuta sweet-and-sourpork
229้ณฅtori,chลใจใใใใงใฆ
bird;chicken
้ณฅderivesfromapictographofabird.
้ณฅ ใฉใ tori bird้ณฅ่ ใฉใใซใ toriniku chickenmeatๅฐ้ณฅ ใใฉใ kotori smallbird
________ใใใฉใ yakitori grilledchickenonastickใฏใใกใใ hakuchล swan
230้ญsakana,(zakana),uo,gyoใใใชใ๏ผใใใช๏ผใใใใใฎใง
fish
้ญderivesfromapictographofafish.
่งใ ใใใช sakana fish้ญใคใ ใใใชใคใ sakanatsuri fishing็ผ้ญ ใใใใใช yakizakana grilledfish
______้ญๅฑ ใใใชใ sakanaya fishstore้ญๅธๅ ด ใใใใกใฐ uoichiba fishmarket้้ญ ใใใใ kingyo goldfish
231ๅฒwa-ru,katsuใใปใใใซใ
divide;proportion
ๅฒcombines swordandๅฎณ,abasketlikemaskoveramouth, indicatinganobstacle.ๅฒformerlymeantcuttinganobstacle,andthencametomeandivideandproportion.ๅฎณbyitselfmeansharm.
ๅฒใ ใใ waru todivide,tobreak,tosplitไบๅฒ ใซใใ niwari 20%ๅฒ(ใ)ๅผใ ใใใณใ waribiki discountๅญฆๅฒ ใใใใ gakuwari studentdiscount
______ใใใใ wariai rate,ratio;comparatively
ๅๅฒใใ ใถใใใคใใ bunkatsusuru todivide,topartition
232ๅshina,hin,(pin)ใใชใใใณใ๏ผใใณ๏ผ
goods,article;quality
ๅderivesfromapictographofgoodspiledup.
ๅ ใใช shina goods;qualityใใชใใ Shinagawa Shinagawa(place)
้ฃๆๅ ใใใใใใใฒใ shokuryลhin foodstuff,groceriesในใใผใ็จๅ ในใใผใใใใฒใ supotsuyohin sportinggoodsๅ จๅ ใใใดใ zempin allitems/goods
________ๅๅใ ใใชใใ shinagire outofstock,soldout้ฃๅ ใใใใฒใ shokuhin food,foodstuff
ใใใฒใ sakuhin pieceofwork,productๆฅ็จๅ ใซใกใใใฒใ nichiyลhin dailynecessities
ใงใใใใใฒใ denkiseihin electricalappliance
233ๅฎyasu-i,anใใใปใใใขใณ
peaceful;inexpensive,cheap
ๅฎrepresentsawomanๅฅณinahouseๅฎ,whichsuggestsapeacefulhousehold.Inexpensive is an associated meaning, perhaps coming from the idea ofstayingathomeandmakingthingsoneself.
ๅฎใ ใใใ yasui inexpensive,cheapๅฎๅฃฒใ ใใใใ yasuuri bargainsaleๅๅฎ ใใใใ en'yasu lowvalueoftheyenๅฎๅ จใช ใใใใใช anzenna safe,secure
______ใใใใใใ anshinsuru tofeeleasy/relieved
ไธๅฎใช ใตใใใช fuanna uneasy,restless
234่ฒทka-u,baiใใปใใใใค
buy
่ฒทcombines netand่ฒmoney(cf.200่ฒป). Inold times,peopleusednetbagswhenbuyinggoods.
่ฒทใ ใใ kau tobuy______
ใใใฐใใถ kลbaibu cooperativestoreๅฃฒ่ฒทใใ ใฐใใฐใใใ baibaisuru tobuyandsell,todealtotrade
235็ฉmono,butsu,motsuใใฎใใใใใขใ
object,thing
็ฉcombines or็ cattle (cf. 227) andๅฟ elephantโs tusks and trunk. TheChinesechosetheseanimalstorepresenttheconceptofthings.
็ฉ ใใฎ mono thingๅ็ฉ ใใชใใฎ shinamono goods,article่ฒท(ใ)็ฉใใ ใใใใฎใใ kaimonosuru toshop่ฆ็ฉใใ ใใใถใคใใ kembutsusuru tosightsee
________ใใใใใฎ wasuremono thingsleftbehindlostproperty
ๅ็ฉ ใฉใใถใค dลbutsu animalใซใใค nimotsu baggage,cargo
236ๆฅญgyลใฎใงใฆ
occupation,business
ๆฅญ represents a musical instrument that is difficult to play, hanging from arack. From this,ๆฅญ has come to mean job or business, which can also bedifficult.
ๅทฅๆฅญ ใใใใใ kลgyล (manufacturing)industryๆฌๆฅไผๆฅญ ใปใใใคใใ ใใใใ honjitsukyลซgyล ClosedTodayๅถๆฅญไธญ ใใใใใใกใ ใ eigyลchลซ openforbusiness,Openๅถๆฅญๆ้ ใใใใใใใใ eigyลjikan businesshours
________ใใ ใใใใใใ jugyลryล tuitionใใคใใใใใ sotsugyลsuru tograduate
็ฃๆฅญ ใใใใใ sangyล industryใใใใใใ syokugyล job,profession
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๅๅฑฑๅบ
2.ๅคง็นๅฃฒ
3.็่
4.่ฑ่
5.้ณฅ่
6.้ญ7.1ๅฒๅผใ
8.ๅฃฒๅ ด
9.้ฃๆๅ
10.ๅ จๅ
11.ใ่ฒทใ็ฉ
12.ๅถๆฅญๆ้
13.ๅฎไผๆฅ
14.ๆธๅบ
15.็นๅฃฒ
16. ่
17.็18.่ฑใซใ
19.ๅญฆๅฒ
20.ๅ
21.ๅฎๅ จใช
22.ไผๆฅญ
23.ใใฎๅบใซใฏใๅ็ฉใใใใใใใใพใใ
24.ใฑใผใญใใคใใใพใใใใใใพใใไธใคใๅฒใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
25.ๅฎใใฆใใใปใผใฟใผใ่ฒทใใฆใใใใใใงใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionWhen you went into a supermarket, you heard the followingannouncement.Readthebelow,andanswerthequestions.
ใใใฃใใใใพใใใใใฃใใใใพใ๏ผๆไบฌในใผใใผใไธไธ็ฎๅบใธใใใใ๏ผ
ๆฌๆฅใฏๅคง็นๅฃฒ๏ผ
่ๅฃฒใๅ ดใงใฏใ็่ใ้ณฅ่ใฏ2ๅฒๅผใ่ฑ่ใใฝใผใปใผใธใฏใชใใจ3ๅฒๅผ๏ผ
้ญๅฃฒใๅ ดใงใฏใใ้ญใๅฎใใ๏ผ4ๅฒๅผ๏ผ
ใใใใใใ ใใฎใไปๆฅใฏๅ จๅ1ๅฒๅผ๏ผ
ใปใใฎ้ฃๆๅใใๅคง็นๅฃฒ๏ผ
้ฃๆๅใฏใใฟใใชใพใจใใฆๆไบฌในใผใใผไธไธ็ฎๅบใงใฉใใ๏ผ
ๆฌๆฅใๅถๆฅญๆ้ใฏใใคใใใ1ๆ้ใชใใใๅๅพ10ๆใพใง๏ผ
ใ่ฒทใ็ฉใฏๆไบฌในใผใใผใไธไธ็ฎๅบใง๏ผ๏ผ
ๆๆฅใ 3ๆๆๆฅใฏใๅฎไผๆฅใ ใใใ่ฒทใ็ฉใฏไปๆฅใฎใใกใซ๏ผ๏ผ
1.Whichhasthebiggestdiscount?A.beefB.porkC.fish
D.tomatoes
2.Howmuchisanapplediscounted?A.40%discountB.30%discountC.20%discountD.10%discount
3.Whichoneisnotdiscounted?A.ใใใฟ
B.ใณใผใใผ
C.ใใใ
D.ใใ
4.Whattimedoesthissupermarketusuallyclose?A.9:00P.M.B.10:00P.M.C.10:30P.M.D.11:00P.M.
5.Whatdayoftheweekisittoday?A.SaturdayB.SundayC.MondayD.Tuesday
A
LESSON20
EatingOut้ฃๅ ใซๅ ฅใใพใใใ
t lunch time many restaurants offer low-priced set meals.Japanese noodles or rice dishes served in bowls are an even
cheaper and simpler alternative. Japanese tea and water are servedfreeofcharge,and inmanycompanyanduniversitycafeterias, self-servemachinesforcoldwater,hotwater,andteaareavailable.Inthislesson,youwilllearnhowtoreadwordscommonlyusedincafeterias,
inrestaurants,andonmenus.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelowandrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
I.Restaurantsdisplaysignstotell thepublic if theyareopenornot.Which of the following signs allows you to enter? Choose thecorrectanswer.
II. Read the signs on the tables below, and then choose the correctanswers.
1. ใใใใใฆใใใพใใ (a. b. c.)2. ใใฐใใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ (a. b. c.)3. ใใฐใใใใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใใ (a. b. c.)
III.Understandingthemeaningofkanjiinamenuwillhelpyouorder.While reading the menu on the following page, write T if the
statementistrueandFifthestatementisfalse.
1.()ใใฎๅบใฎ ่ใฏ็่ใงใใ
2.()็ ใฏๅฎ้ฃใงใใ
3.()่ฑๆฑใฏๅ้ฃใงใใ
4.()ใฟใๆฑใฏๆด้ฃใงใใ
5.()้ณฅ่ใใใใใฏ้ฃฒใฟ็ฉใงใใ
6.() ่ถใฏ้ฃฒใฟ็ฉใงใใ
7.()ใใใฏ350ๅใงใใ
Inuniversitycafeteriasandotherlessexpensiverestaurants,youwilloftenfindself-servicetea,hotwater,oricewaterfreeofcharge.
SamplesfromtheMenuonthePreviousPage
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใใใใฉใ shokudล restaurant/cafeteria
2. ใใ ใใณใกใ ใ jumbichลซ PreparingtoOpen
3. ใฆใใใ ใใณ teikyลซbi ShopHoliday,regularholiday
4.ใใใใใใกใใ eigyลchลซ OpenforBusiness
5.ไบ็ดๅธญ ใใใใใ yoyakuseki reservedtable
6. ใใใใใใ kin'enseki nonsmokingtable
7. (ใ๏ผใใใใ (o)shokuji meal
8. ใใใซใ yakiniku grilledmeat
9. ใฆใใใใ teishoku setmeal
10.ใฟใๆฑ ใฟใใใ misoshiru misosoup11.ใคใใใฎ tsukemono pickles
12. ใใใใฉใ gyลซdon abowlofricetoppedwithslicedbeef
13.ใฆใใทใใใฐ tempurasoba sobawithtempura
14. ใฉใใซใใใใใ
torinikukaraage friedchicken
15.(ใ๏ผใฎใฟใใฎ (o)nomimono beverage
16. ใกใ ใใ chลซka Chinesestyle
17.ใใผใใฉใใต
mฤbodลfu tofuwithchilipepper
18. ใใใกใ kลcha blacktea19.(ใ๏ผๆนฏ (ใ๏ผใ (o)yu hotwater20.(ใ๏ผ่ถ (ใ๏ผใกใ (o)cha Japanesetea
21. ใใใใ reisui icewater
22.(ใ๏ผไบ็ด (ใ๏ผใใใ (go)yoyaku reservation
23. ใใใ ukeru toreceive
24.ใถใใใ/ใฉใใใ butajiru/tonjirumisosoupwithporkandvegetables
25. ใใใใ washoku Japanesefood/meal
26. ใใฆใใใใ wateishoku Japanese-stylesetmeal
27. ใใใใใช yakizakana grilledfish
ใซใใฎcookedvegetablesseasonedwith
28. nimono soysauce
29. ใใใใใ yลshoku Westernfood/meal
30. ในใใฉใ bentล mealinabox31.ใงใใใฉใค ebifurai friedprawns32.ใณใญใใฑ korokke croquette
3NewCharactersTencharactersare introduced in this lesson.Use theexplanations tohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅๆดๆฑ้ฃฒ่ถๆนฏไบ็ดๅธญๅ
237ๅwaใฏ
peace,harmony;Japan
ๅ,whichcombines็ฆพgrain(cf.45็ง)andๅฃmouth,indicatespeace,becauseeatingmakespeoplehappyandpeaceful.Inaddition,ๅisoftenusedtomeanJapan,becauseancientJapanwascalledๅญ,pronouncedwa.
ๅนณๅ ใธใใ heiwa peaceๅๅฎค ใใใค washitsu Japanese-styleroomๅ้ฃ ใใใใ washoku Japanesefood/meal
ๅๅฎ้ฃ ใใฆใใใใ wateishoku Japanese-stylesetmeal______
ใใตใ wafลซ Japanesestyleใใใใใฆใ waeijiten Japanese-Englishdictionaryใใใใใฆใ kanwajiten dictionaryofkanjiinJapanese
238ๆดyลใจใฆ
ocean;foreign,Western
ๆดcombines waterand็พsheepโshead,meaningbeautifulorcorrectandbyextension,splendidandbig(cf.130็;188็พฉ).Abig,splendidbodyofwaterisanocean.Beyondtheocean,thereareforeignlands.
ๆฑๆด ใฉใใใ tลyล theEast,theOrient่ฅฟๆด ใใใใ seivล theWestๆด้ฃ ใใใใใ yลshoku Westernfood/mealๆดๅฎค ใใใใฃ yลshitsu Western-styleroom
________ใใใธใใใ taiheiyล thePacificOcean
ๆดๆธ ใใใใ yลsho Westernbookๆดๅผ ใใใใ yลshiki Westernstyle
ใใใตใ yลfuku Westernclothes
239ๆฑshiru,(jiru)ใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผsoup
ๆฑcombines waterandๅadd(cf.184ๅ). Inorder tocooksoup,variousingredientsareaddedtowater.
ใฟใๆฑ ใฟใใใ misoshiru misosoup่ฑๆฑ ใถใใใ/ใฉใใใ butajiru/tonjiru misosoupwithporkandvegetables
________
240้ฃฒno-mu,inใฎใปใใใคใณ
drink
้ฃฒcombines eatormeal(cf.180้ฃ)andๆฌ wideopenmouth,andreferstoopeningoneโsmouthwidetodrink.ๆฌ byitselfmeanslackorabsence.
้ฃฒใ ใฎใ nomu todrink้ฃฒ๏ผใฟ๏ผ็ฉ ใฎใฟใใฎ nomimono beverage้ฃฒ๏ผใฟ๏ผๆฐด ใฎใฟใฟใ nomimizu drinkingwater้ฃฒๆๆฐด ใใใใใใใ inryosui drinkingwater(formal)
________้ฃฒ้ฃๅบ ใใใใใใฆใ inshokuten eatinghouse,restaurant
241่ถcha,saใใฃใใต
tea
่ถderivesfrom่ผ.Theradicalrepresentsplant,andไฝindicatesdividingๅ ซapiledupๅmound tomakespace, implyingextraspace, time,etc.่ผ thusmeanstea(theplantforbrewingthedrink,orthedrinkitself),whichpeopleenjoyintheirsparetime.
(ใ)่ถ (ใ๏ผใกใ (o)cha (Japanese)teaใใใกใ kลcha blacktea
________ใกใใใ chairo browncolor
่ถ้ ใใฉใ sado artofteaceremonyใใฃใใฆใ kissaten tearoom,coffeeshop
242ๆนฏyu,tลใใใใฆ
hotwater
ๆนฏ,whichcombines waterandๆsunrisinguphigh(cf.197ๅ ด), indicateshotwaterwithsteamrisingupoutofit.
(ใ)ๆนฏ (ใ๏ผใ (o)yu hotwater________
ใๆนฏ ใใ ~yu suffixforbathhousesorhotspringsใใใฉใ sentล publicbathhouseใใ ใใฉใ kyลซtล hotwatersupplyใญใฃใจใ nettล boilingwater
243ไบyoใจ
inadvance,beforehand
ไบ combines crouching man, and (orไบ) which resembles a hanging
string tied upwith a knot andmeans complete or finish. From the idea ofcrouchingjustbeforeleapingtowardagoal,ไบhascometomeaninadvance.
ไบๅฎ ใใฆใ yotei schedule,planไบๅฎ่กจ ใใฆใใฒใใ yoteihyล timetable,writtenschedule
______ใใใ ใใใ yoshลซsuru toprepareoneslessonsใฆใใใใปใ tenkiyohล weatherforecastใใใ yosan budget,estimateofincomeandexpenses
244
yakuใคใฏ
appointment,promise;approximately
็ดcombines็ณธthreadandๅบlargespoon.WhentheancientChinesemadeanappointment,theycarvedaspoonlikeshapeintoatreeandtiedathreadtheretomarktheplace.Thus็ดcametomeanappointment.
็ดใ ใใใ yaku~ about,approximately
ไบ็ดใใ ใใใใใ yoyakusuru toreserve,tobook,tosubscribeๅ ็ด ใใใใ sen'yaku previousappointment
______ใใใใใใ yakusokusuru topromise,tomakeanappointmentใใใใใใ keiyakusho writtencontract
245ๅธญsekiใปใญ
seat,place
ๅธญcombinesๅทพcloth(cf.146ๅธณ)and,simplifiedfromๅบถ,whichhereindicateswarmbecauseof fire(cf.250็ก).Togethertheysuggestacushion,aplaceforsitting,orseat.
ๅธญ ใใ seki seatๅบๅธญใใ
ใใ ใฃใใใใ
shussekisuru toattend
ไบ็ดๅธญ ใใใใใ yoyakuseki reservedseat/table็ฆ็ ๅธญ ใใใใใใ kin'enseki nonsmokingseat/table
______ใใฃใใใใ kessekisuru tobeabsentfrom
ใใใใใใ yusenseki priorityseat(fortheagedorhandicapped,etc.)
ใใใใใ jiyuseki unreservedseatใใฆใใใ shiteiseki reservedseatใใใ zaseki seat
246ๅbiใ
prepare,furnish
ๅ combinesใคman and a container inwhich arrows are placed beforebeingused,andsuggestspreparingorfurnishingsomething.
ๆบๅใใ ใใ ใใณใใ jumbisuru toprepareๆบๅไธญ ใใ ใใณใกใ ใ jumbichu inpreparation,PreparingtoOpen
______ใใคใณ setsubi facility,equipmentใณใใ bikล remark,note
ไบๅ ใใณ yobi spare;preparatory,preliminaryใใณใใ yobikล cramschool
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ๆบๅไธญ
2.ๅถๆฅญไธญ
3.ไบ็ดๅธญ
4.็ฆ็ ๅธญ
5. ่ๅฎ้ฃ
6.ใฟใๆฑ
7.็
8.ใ้ฃฒใฟ็ฉ
9. ่ถ
10.ใๆนฏ
11.่ฑๆฑ
12.ๅ้ฃ
13. ้ญ
14.ๆด้ฃ
15.ๅนณๅ
16.่ฅฟๆด
17.้ฃฒๆๆฐด
18.ไบๅฎ
19.ๅ ็ด
20.ๆฑๆดๅปๅญฆใฏใใชใใชใใใใใใงใใญใ
21.ใ่ถใ้ฃฒใฟใพใใใใ
22.ใใผใใฃใผใใใๆใฏใไบ็ดใใฆใใ ใใใ
23.ใใฎๅธญใฏใใใใฆใใพใใใ
24.็ด50ๅใไผ่ญฐใซๅบๅธญใใพใใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestionReadthebelowe-mail,andanswerthefollowingquestions.Notethatthee-mailcontinuesonpage212.
From:ใใชใผ
To:ClassIISubject:ใใผใใฃใผใฎใ็ฅใใ
Hi,everybody,
ใใใใใกใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใฏใฉในใๆฅ้ฑใง็ตใใใพใใ้ๆๆฅใฎ ใฎใใจใ12ๆๅใใใฟใใชใงใใผ ใใฃใผใใใพใใใใๅ ็ใใใซใๆฅใฆใใใใใจใใใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใจใใผใซใใใงๅญฆๆ กใฎ ๅใฎใๅบใซ่กใฃใฆใใฉใใชใใผใใฃใผใใงใใใใๆ้ใใกใใฅใผใใใในใพใ
ใใๆ้ใฏ2ๆ้ใงใใใใฉใณใ3ใคใใใพใใใฟใใชใฎๆ่ฆใใใใฆใใใใใใจใใใใพใใ
1้ฃฒใฟใปใใ ใ:youcandrinkasmuchasyouwantforacertainamountofmoney2้ฃในใปใใ ใ:youcaneatasmuchasyouwantforacertainamountofmoney
ๅบๅธญใงใใพใใ๏ผ(ๅบๅธญใใพใๅบๅธญใใพใใ)
ใฉใฎใใฉใณใใใใงใใใ(ABC๏ผไบ็ดใใใใฎใงใไป้ฑไธญใซใใใใซใกใผใซใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใใชใผ[email protected]
1.Whatkindofpartyisdescribedinthise-mail?A.ApartytocelebratePaulโsgraduation.B.ApartytocelebratethestartingoftheJapaneselanguageclass.C.ApartytocelebratethecompletionoftheJapaneselanguageclass.D.ApartytocelebratethebirthdayoftheJapaneselanguageteacher.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutplanAiscorrect?A.Itissimplythecheapestplanofthethree.B.Wedonotknowwhether it is cheap,becauseweonlyget theprice for
food.C.Onlythisplanservesfruit.D.Youcandrinkasmuchasyouwantfor180yen.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutplanBiscorrect?A.Youcaneatordrinkasmuchasyouwantfor1800yen.B.Youcanhaveasmuchasyouwantofanykindofdrinkfor700yen.C.Thisisthecheapestplanofthethree.D.ThisplanisforJapanese-stylefood,soonlyJapanesesakeisserved.
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutplanCiscorrect?
A.Youcaneatordrinkasmuchasyouwantfor2500yen.B.Youcaneatasmuchfoodasyouwant for2500yen,butdrinksarenot
included.C.Thisplanalsoservesfruit.D. You can drink as much as you want for 2500 yen, but food is not
included.
5.Whatshouldthepersonwhogotthise-maildo?A.InformMaryofhisorherattendanceattheparty.B.TellMaryaboutotherplans.C.TellMarywhichplanheorshechooses,andabouthis/herattendance.D. Call the restaurant directly and make a reservation by the end of this
week.
W
LESSON21
AttheRealEstateAgencyไธๅ็ฃๅฑใง
hen looking for a place to live, try visiting a real estatecompanyor lookingoverarealestaterentalmagazine.Ifyou
havealreadychosena location, itwillbehelpful tovisita localrealestate agent in that district. Agents typically hang house and
apartmentlistingsinthewindow.Some terms commonly used when searching for housing are
technicalbut important toknow.So, in this lesson,youwillhaveanopportunity to learn some kanji outside of the 250 basic characterstaughtinthisbook.
1IntroductoryQuizLookattheillustrationsbelow,andrefertothewordsinVocabulary.Thentrythefollowingquiz.
A real estate agent offers information on two apartments, A andB.Comparethetwoindetail.Whichdoyouprefer?Why?
ApartmentA
ApartmentB
After signing a contract, you usually pay your first monthโs rent, anominaladministrativefee,asecuritydeposit(usually2to3monthsโrent),agiftpaymenttothelandlord(usually2to3monthsโrent),andanagentโsfee(usually1monthโsrent).
Normal leases are for a periodof twoyears, but it is possible toleavebeforethattimebynotifyingthelandlordandpayingapenalty,usually1monthโsrent.Contractscanberenewedaftertheinitialtwo-yearperiodbymakinganotherpaymenttothelandlord,usually1to2monthsโrent.
2VocabularyStudy the readings and meanings of these words to help youunderstandtheIntroductoryQuiz.
1. ใตใฉใใใใ fudลsanya realestateagency/agent
2.่ฒธ ใใ kashi forrent,forlease3.ใๆใ ใใใ ~ari with~,~available
4ใ็กใ ใใชใ ~nashi arrangementofrooms,floorplan
5. ใพใฉใ madori arrangementofrooms,floorplan
6. ใใใใค yลshitsu Western-styleroom
7. ใใใค washitsu Japanese-styleroom
8. ใใใใ genkan entryhall
9. ใ ใใฉใใ daidokoro kitchen
10. ใใใใค yokushitsu bathroom
11. ใใใใใใ semmenjo washroom
12. ใใใใ oshiire closet
13. ใใใใ ~jล counterfortatamimats
14. ใใใคใ kลtsลซ transportation
15. ใปใใตใ ho~fun ~minutesonfoot
16. ใใใใใใใใ sen'yลซmenseki privatelyownedarea
17. ใใคใผ ใtsubo counterfor3.3m3area
18. ใใใใ kลzล structure19. ใฆใฃใใใณใณใฏ
ใชใผใtekkinkonkurฤซto reinforcedconcrete
20. ใใใใใขใซใฟใซmokuzลmorutaru woodandmortar
21. ใกใใญใใใ chikunensลซ yearssinceconstructed
22. ใใใ ใใผใ reidambล air-conditionerandheater
23. ใใ ใใฉใ kyลซtล hotwatersupply
24. ใใใใ shikikin depositmoney
25. ใใใใ reikin giftmoneytolandlord
26. ใใใใฒ kanrihi administrativefee
3NewCharactersFourcharactersareintroducedinthislesson.Usetheexplanationstohelp you understand and remember the characters. Study thecompoundwordstoincreaseyourvocabulary.
ๅฑ่ฒธๆ็ก
247ๅฑya,okuใใใชใฏ
roof;house;shop
ๅฑcombinesๅฐธclothcoveringsomethingand่ณ reachingagoalordeadend(cf.190ๅฎค). Thusๅฑ suggests a cover for shutting something out,meaningrooforhouse.Anassociatedmeaningisahouseofbusiness,namely,ashop.
ไธๅ็ฃๅฑ ใตใฉใใใใ fudลsanva realestateagency/agent้จๅฑ ใธใ heya room่ๅฑ ใซใใ nikuya meatshopๅฑไธ ใใใใใ okujล housetop,roof
______ๅ ซ็พๅฑ ใใใ yaoya vegetablestore,greengroceryๅฑๅค ใใใใ okugai outdoorๅฑๅ ใใใชใ okunai indoor
248่ฒธka-suใใปใ
lend,rentout
่ฒธcombinesไปฃreplaceorsubstitute(cf.89)and่ฒmoney(cf.200่ฒป).Whenlendingorrentingsomething,onereceivesmoneyinsubstitutionforwhatis
lent.
่ณใ ใใ kasu tolend,torentout่ฒธๅฎค ใใใใค kashishitsu roomforrent่ฒธๅบๆ้ ใใใ ใใใใ kashidashikikan lendingperiod
________่ฒธใใณใทใงใณ ใใใใณใทใงใณ kashimanshon apartmentforrent่ฒธๅใใใน ใใใใใใน kashikiribasu charteredbus
249ๆa-ru,yลซใใปใใใฆใฆ
exist
ๆ,whichcombines hand(cf.85ๆ)andๆmeat (cf.226่), indicates ahandholdingmeattoshowproofofitsexistence.
ๆใ ใใ aru toexist;tohaveใๆใ ใใใ ~ari with~,~availableๆๅใช ใใใใใช yลซmeina famous,well-knownๆๆ ใใใใใ yลซryล paymentrequired
________ใใใใใกใใใใ Yลซrakuchลsen YurakuchoLine
ใใใใใใใ yลซkลkikan theterm/periodofvalidityใใใใใใใ yลซkลkigen thedeadlineforvalidity
250็กna-i,muใชใปใใใ
notbe,un-,without
็กcombines bundleofricestrawandfire.Ifstrawisputintofire,itwillburnuntilthereisnothingleft.็กisoftenusedasaprefixlikenon-orun-.
็กใ ใชใ nai notexisting;nottohave
ใ็กใ ใใชใ ~nashi withoutno~available,no~isneeded
็กๆ ใใใใ muryล freeofcharge็ก็ทๅคใฏใทไธ ใใใๅคใฏใทไธ musentakushฤซ radiotaxi
______ใใใใใใฉใใใ
geshazentomukล
InvalidOnceYouGetOff(trainticket)
ใใใใ mushoku nooccupation,jobless
4PracticeI.Writethereadingsofthefollowingkanjiinhiragana.
1.ไธๅ็ฃๅฑ
2.่ฒธๅฎค
3.ใๆใ
4.ใ็กใ
5. ๆ
6. ๅฎค
7.ๆผๅ ฅ
8. ้
9.ๅฑไธ
10.็กๆ
11.่ฒธๅบๆ้
12.ใใฎ้จๅฑใซใฏใใทใฃใฏใผใฏๆใใพใใใใตใใฏ็กใใงใใ
13.ใจใใ ใกใซใ้ใ่ฒธใใฆใใใพใใใ
14.ใใฎๆนใใๆๅใชใใฉใฆใณๅๅฃซใงใใ
II.Fillintheblankswithappropriatekanji.
5AdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestion
Youhavebeenlookingforanapartment,andarevisitingarealestatecompany.Youโretalkingtotheagent,Mr.Yasuda,aboutanapartmentyouwanttorent.AnswerinJapanese.
1.Respond.Yasuda:้จๅฑใใใใใจใใไฝใไธ็ชใๅคงๅใงใใใ
You:
2.Respond.Yasuda:ใฉใใใฆใงใใใ
You:
3.Respond.Yasuda:้ง ใใๆญฉใใฆใไฝๅใพใงใชใใใใงใใใ
You:
4.Respond.Yasuda:ใฉใใช้ๅใใใใใงใใใ
You:
5.Respond.Yasuda:ๅๅฎคใงใใใใงใใใ
You:
6.Respond.Yasuda: ใงใฏใใใ้จๅฑใไบใคใใใพใใใฒใจใคใฏใๅคงใใชใใซใณใใผใใใใพใใใใ
ใฒใจใคใฏใๆผๅ ฅใใใใใใใฃใฆไพฟๅฉใงใใใฉใใงใใใใ
You:
Yasuda:ใใใใ้จๅฑใ่ฆใซ่กใใพใใใใ
REVIEWEXERCISE:LESSONS19โ21
I. Find the correct words from the box below and write theircorrespondinglettersintheparentheses.
1.()ใงใใใใขใใผใใ่ฆใคใใพใใใ
2.ใจใใซใใฏใ็่ใงใฏใชใ()ใงใคใใใใงใใ
3.ๆฅๆฌใฎใ้ใใใใใชใใใจใ()ใจใใใพใใ
4.ใใ()ใชใฎใงใ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใใ
5.ใใฎ้ ใฏ()ใงใใใใใ้ใๆใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
6.ใใใผใใซ่กใใฐใใใใใใช()ใ่ฒทใใพใใ
7.()ใซใฏใใใฆใใใใใฟใใใใพใใ
8.()ใงๅฎๆๅธใ่ฒทใฃใใปใใๅฎใใชใใพใใ
II. Many of the 250 kanji you have learned in this book havepronunciations in common. Shown below are compound wordsthatincludeexamplesofthis.Writethesekanjiintheblanks.
APPENDIXAJapaneseNames
BelowaresomeJapanesenamesusingthe250kanjiinthisbook.
FamilyNamesๅนณๅฑฑ ๅคงๅฑฑ ไธญๅฑฑ ๆฌๅฑฑ ไธธๅฑฑ ่ฅฟๅฑฑ ๆฑๅฑฑ
ๅฐๅฑฑ ๅๅฑฑ ๅ ๅฑฑ ๆฐด็ฐ ๅนณ็ฐ ๅคง็ฐ ๅ็ฐ
้็ฐ ๅ็ฐ ๆฌ็ฐ ไธ็ฐ ๅฑฑ็ฐ ไธญ็ฐ ๅฐ็ฐ
่ฅฟ็ฐ ๅ็ฐ ๅ็ฐ ้ซ็ฐ ๅ ็ฐ ๅฎ็ฐ ๅ็ฐ
ๆฐดๅฃ ็ฐๅฃ ๅฑฑๅฃ ๅฑฑๆฌ ไธญๆฌ ๆจไธ ๅฑฑไธ
็ฐไธญ ๅฑฑไธญ ้ๅญ ๅๅฑ ๅคงๅนณ ๆฌ้ ็ฐไปฃ
ใฒใใใพ ใใใใพ ใชใใใพ ใใฉใใพ ใพใใใพ ใซใใใพ ใฒใใใใพ
ใใใพ ใใใใพ ใใกใใพ ใฟใใ ใฒใใ ใใใ ใพใใ
ใใญใ ใคใกใ ใปใใ ใใใ ใใพใ ใชใใ/ใ ใใ
ใซใใ ใใใ ใฟใชใฟใ ใใใ ใใกใ ใใใ ใใ
ใฟใใใก ใใใก ใใพใใก ใใพใใฉ ใชใใใฉ ใใฎใใ ใใพใใ
ใใชใ ใใพใชใ ใใญใ ใคใกใ ใใใฒใ ใปใใพ ใใใ
FirstNames(Male) ๅญฆ ๆญฃ ไฟฎ ๅ ๆด ๆ ๆญฃใผ
็พฉใผ ็ ใ ๆดไธ ๆ็ท ๆญฃ็ท ๅ็ท ๅฎ็ท
ใพใชใถ ใใ ใ ใใใ ใฒใใ ใฒใใ ใใใ ใใใใใก
ใใใใ ใใใ ใใใใ ใตใฟใ ใพใใ ใใใ ใใใ
(Female) ๆๅญ ไบฌๅญ ๆๅญ ๅๅญ ๆญฃๅญ ้ๅญ
ๆๅญ ไฟๅญ ๆดๅญ ๅไปฃ ๅฎไปฃ
ใใใ ใใใใ ใตใฟใ ใฒใใ ใพใใ ใฟใกใ
ใใใ ใใใ ใใใ ใใใ ใใใ
APPENDIXBMainRadicals
Below are the main radicals presented in this book, and someexamples.
I. ใธใ๏ผleftpart)1. ใฃ man,people ไผใไฝฟใไฝใไฝใไปฃใ๏ผไบบ๏ผใๅใไพฟใไปใไฟฎใไฟใไปใๅ
2. ่จ word,speak ่ชใ่ฉฑใ่จผใ่ชใ่จใ่จใ่ฌใ่ญฐใ่จบใ่จ
3. ๆฐ sun (ๆฐ๏ผใๆใๆใๆใๆใ๏ผcf.ๆฎใ้๏ผ
4. ็ณธ thread ็ทใ็ตกใ็ตใ็ด
5. water (ๆฐด๏ผใๆดใๆบใๆณจใๆถใๆณใๆดใๆฑใๆนฏ
6. ้ metal,gold (้๏ผใ้ใ้
7. hand (ๆ๏ผใๆผใๆใๆ
8. wall,hill ้ใ้ชใ้ใ้ข
II. ใฃใใ๏ผrightpart)1. ๆต strike,hit ๆปใๆ ใๅใๆ
2. village ้จใ้ฝใ้ต
III. ใใใใ๏ผtoppart)1. plant ่ฌใ่ถ
2. ๅฎ roof,house ๅฎใๅฎคใๅฎใๅฏใๅฎใ๏ผcf.ๆกใ็ฉบ)
IV. ใใ๏ผbottompart)1. ๅฟ legs ๅ ใๅ ใ(cf.ๆดใ็ฅใ้ขใๅใ่ฆ๏ผ
2. ๅฟ mind ๆฅใๆใ(Cl.ใฌใๅฟซ๏ผ
V. ใใพใ(enclosingpart)1. ้ gate ้ใ้ใ้ใ้
2. โก enclosure ๅใๅใๅฝใๅณ
VI. ใซ ใใ๏ผleftandbottompart)1. proceed ้ฑใ่พผใ้ใ้ฃใ้ใ้
VII. ใใ๏ผtopandleftpart)1. ๅฐธ corpse ๅฑใๅฑใๅฑ
2. sickness ็
VIII. ใใฎไป(miscellaneous)1. ๆจ tree (ๆจ๏ผใๆฌใๆฑใๆกใๆฅญใๆงใ๏ผcf.ไผ๏ผ
2. earth (ๅ๏ผใๅฐใๅ ใๅ ดใ๏ผcf.็ ๏ผ
3. ๅ add,many (ๅ๏ผใๅใๅใๅใ๏ผcf.ๆบใ่จใๆฑ๏ผ
4. ใญ mouth,Dox ๅใ๏ผใญ๏ผใๅใๅทใๅณใๅใๅใ๏ผcf.่ชใๆ ใ็ฅ)
APPENDIXCKanjiCompounds
I.MainTypesofCompoundsandSomeExamples
TypeI.Adjective+Nounๆญฃ้ใๆญฃ้ขใๅ่ ใๅพๅใๅคๅฝใๅ ็ทใๆฑๅฃใ่ฅฟๆดใๆดๆใๅ้ฃใๅ จๅฝใๅ จ้จใๅๅฐใๅ้ง ใ ๅคงไผใๅคงๅใๅฐๅ ใๆฌ้คจใๆฌๅบใๅ้คจใๆฏๅบใๅ ้ฑใ็พไปฃใๆฌกๅใๆฐๅนดใๆ ไบบใไปไบบใ่ฅ่ ใๅฝ้ใ ๅฎ่ฒปใ็ง่ฒปใๅฎ็ฉใ็ฉบ่ปใๅฎ้ฃใ่ฟๆใๆฅ็จใ็ต้ปใๅ่จบใ็ด ่ถใๅทๆฐดใๆๅฎคใ้้ญ
Type2.Verb(Modifier)+Nounๅญฆ่ ใๆญฉ่ก่ ใ่ฌๅธซใๆญๆใๅผๅใไฟ่จผไบบใ่จผๆๆธใๆดๆฟฏๆฉใๅ ฅๅฃใๅบๅฃใไฝๆใๆกๅ ๆใๆๅฎคใ ้ฃๅ ใไผ่ญฐๅฎคใๅฃฒๅบใไผๅ ดใๅญฆไผใ่ฌๆผไผใ้ฃ็ตกๅ ใๅ ฅๅ ดๅธใ็จๆณใ่จไบใ็็ฉใ้ฃๅใ้ๆใ้่ณใๆฅๆ
Type3.Adverb+Verbๅคๅบใๅค้ฃใไบ็ดใไบๅฎใไบ็ฟใไบๅ ฑใไธญๆญขใไธญ็ซใไปฃ่กจใๅฎ้จใๅฎ็ฟใๅฎ่กใๅณ็ฆใๅ ฌ่ชใๅณๆใๅฐ็จใๅง็บใๆฅ่ก
Type4.Verb+Noun(Objective)ๅ ฅๅฝใๅบๅฝใๅ ฅๅญฆใไผ่ฌใๆๆฅญใๅๆฅญใๅ ฅ้ขใ้้ขใ้้ใ้ๅบใ้ๅบใ้้คจใ็บ้ณใ็บ่ปใๅ่ปใไธ่ปใ้ง่ปใ่ฆ็ฉใ่ฒท็ฉใ่ชญๆธใ็ฆ็ ใ็ตฆๆนฏใๆถ็ซใ้ ้
Type5.PairofSynonyms้ฝๅธใ้่ทฏใๅ ดๆใ้ๆฎตใไธญๅคฎใๆนๅใๅ็ฉใ่ทๆฅญใๆธ็ถใๅบ็บใๅฐ็ใ้ๅงใๅๆญขใ็ฆๆญขใไฝฟ็จใๅๅฒใ็ ็ฉถใ็ขบ่ชใๆ ้ใ่ญฐ่ซใๅคๆดใ่จๆญฃใๆญฃ็ขบใๅนณๅใๅนณๅธธใๅฑ้บใ้จๅ
Type6.PairofAntonymsๅคงๅฐใๅๅพใๅทฆๅณใไธไธใๅบๅ ฅใๆฑ่ฅฟใๅๅใ็ทๅฅณใๅฃฒ่ฒทใ็ตๅงใ็บ็ใ้้
II.KanjiCommonlyUsedinCompoundsandSomeExamples
้จ: ้จๅใ้จๅฑใๅ จ้จใๆฌ้จใๆฏ้จใๅ้จใๅทฅๅญฆ้จใๆๅญฆ้จ
ๆธ:ๆธ็ถใ่ชญๆธใๆดๆธใ่พๆธใๆ็งๆธใๅ่ๆธใ็ณ่พผๆธใ่จผๆๆธใไฟ่จผๆธใ่ชฌๆๆธใๆกๅ ๆธใๅฅ็ดๆธใไฟฎไบ่จผๆธ
็จ: ็จไบใ็จ็ดใ็จๆณใ็จๆใไฝฟ็จใๅฉ็จใๅฐ็จใๅญฆ็็จใๅค็จ่ฌ
ๅธ: ้ฃๅธใๅ ฅๅ ดๅธใไน่ปๅธใๅฎๆๅธใๅๆฐๅธใๆฅ่กๅธใ็นๆฅๅธใๆๅฎๅธใ่จบๅฏๅธ
ไฝๆใๆๅจๅฐใ็พไฝๆใๆด้ขๆใๆกๅ ๆใๅ็ๆใๅธๅฝนๆใๅบๅฝนๆใไฟๅฅๆใ็ ็ฉถๆใไบ
ๆ: ๅๆใ็บ้ปๆใ่ฟๆ
ๅ : ๅ ็งใๆกๅ ใ้ฝๅ ใ่ปๅ ใๅญฆๅ ใๅฎคๅ ใๅฑๅ ใๅนดๅ ใๅฎถๅ
็ท: ๆฑไบฌใกใใญ็ทใ้ฝๅถ็ทใๅฑฑๆ็ทใๆฐๅนน็ทใๅฝๅ ็ทใๅฝ้็ทใๅ ็ทใ็ก็ท
ไปฃ: ไปฃ่กจใไปฃ้ใไปฃ็ไบบใ้ปๆฐไปฃใ่ฌไปฃใๆไปฃใไธไปฃใ็พไปฃ
ไธญ: ไธญ็ซใไธญๆญขใไธญๅญฆใไธญๅฟใๆบๅไธญใๅทฅไบไธญใไผ่ญฐไธญใๅถๆฅญไธญใไฝฟ็จไธญใไธๆฅไธญ
ๅ จ: ๅ จๅฝใๅ จ็ทใๅ จๅใๅ จๅญฆใๅ จไฝใๅ จๅกใๅ จ้จใๅ จๅฟซ
่ป: ่ปๅ ใ้ป่ปใ็บ่ปใๅ่ปใไธ่ปใ้ง่ปใ่ชๅ่ปใ่ช่ปข่ปใๆฎ้่ปใ็ฉบ่ป
ๅฃ: ๅฃๅบงใๅ ฅๅฃใๅบๅฃใๆฑๅฃใ่ฅฟๅฃใๅๅฃใๅๅฃใ้ๅธธๅฃใ้ฃ็ตกใญใ็ชๅฃใไบบๅฃ
ๅบ: ๅบๅธญใๅบ็บใๅบๅฝใๅบๅฃใๅบๅใๆๅบใ่ผธๅบ
ไพฟ: ไพฟๅฉใ้ตไพฟใ่ช็ฉบไพฟใ่นไพฟใๅฎ ๆฅไพฟใๅญฆๅ ไพฟใๅฎๆไพฟใไธไพฟ
ไบ: ไบๅฎใไบไปถใไบๅใไบๆ ใ็ซไบใๅทฅไบใ็จไบใๅคงไบใ่จไบใ็ฅไบ
ไธ: ไธๅฎใไธ้ใไธ็จใไธไพฟใไธๅฏใไธ่ถณใไธๆใไธๅ็ฃ
ๆฅ: ๆฅ่กใๆฅ็จใๆฅ็ ใๆฅๅ่ปใๆบๆฅใ็นๆฅใๆๆฅ่ป
็บ: ็บ่ปใ็บ้ณใ็บ่กจใ็บ้ปๆใๅง็บใ็ต็บใ้็บ
ๆญฃ: ๆญฃๅผใๆญฃ้ใๆญฃ็พฉใๆญฃๅธธใๆญฃ็ขบใๆญฃ่งฃใๆญฃๆใๆญฃ้ขใ่จๆญฃใไฟฎๆญฃ
่จ: ่จๅ ฅใ่จๅทใ่จไบใ่จๅฟตใ่จ่ ใๆฅ่จใๆ่จใๅทฆ่จ
ๅค: ๅคๅฝใๅคๅบใๅคๆฅใๅค็จ่ฌใๅคๅ็ใๅค็งใๆตทๅคใๅธๅคใๅฑๅคใๆ้ๅคใๆๅค
ๅธธ: ้ๅธธใๅนณๅธธใๆญฃๅธธใๆฅๅธธใ้ๅธธๅฃ
ๆ: ๆ้ใๆ็ใๆๆใ็กๆใๆๆฅญๆใ้ๆใๆๆฐๆใ่ณๆใ่ชฟๅณๆ
้: ้่ทฏใ่ป้ใๆญฅ้ใ้้ใๅฝ้ใๆฐด้ใๆ้ใ่ถ้ใ็้
่ : ๅญฆ่ ใๅป่ ใ่จ่ ใๆญฉ่ก่ ใๆถ่ฒป่ ใ็ตๅถ่ ใๅ่ ใๅพ่
ๆฐ: ๆฐไฝใๆฐๅใๅคฉๆฐใ้ปๆฐใ็ซๆฐใไบบๆฐใ็ฉบๆฐ
่ฌ: ่ฌ็พฉใ่ฌๆผใ่ฌๅ ใ่ฌๅธซใ่ฌๅบงใ่ฌ็ฟไผใ้่ฌใไผ่ฌใๅ่ฌๅฑ
้ฃ: ้ฃๅ ใ้ฃไบใ้ฃๅธใ้ฃๅใ้ฃๅพใ้ฃ้ใๅฎ้ฃใๅค้ฃใ็ซ้ฃ
้คจ:ๅคงไฝฟ้คจใๆฌ้คจใๅ้คจใๅฅ้คจใๅญฆ็ไผ้คจใๅณๆธ้คจใไธๅท้คจใๆ ็ป้คจใ็พ่ก้คจใๅ็ฉ้คจใๆ ้คจใ้้ฃ
ไผ:ไผ่ฉฑใไผ็คพใไผๅ ดใไผ่ญฐใไผๅกใไผ่ฒปใไผ่จใไผ้คจใ็คพไผใๅคงไผใๅญฆไผใๅฝไผใ่ฌๆผไผใๅฟๅนดไผใ็ ็ฉถไผใๅไผใ้ไผใ้ขไผใๅ ฅไผ้ใ่จ่ ไผ่ฆ
็พฉ: ็พฉ็ใ็พฉๅๆ่ฒใ่ฌ็พฉใไธป็พฉใๅฎ็พฉใๆญฃ็พฉใๆ็พฉ
่ญฐ: ่ญ่ซใ่ญ้กใ่ญ้ทใ่ญฐไผใ่ญฐๅกใไผ่ญฐใๅฝไผ่ญฐไบๅ
ๅฎค:ๆๅฎคใ่ฌ็พฉๅฎคใไบๅทๅฎคใ็ ็ฉถๅฎคใๅฎ้จๅฎคใๅณๆธๅฎคใไผ่ญฐๅฎคใไบๅๅฎคใ่จบๅฏๅฎคใๅซ็ ๅฎคใๅฎคๅ ใๆตดๅฎคใๆดๅฎคใๅฐไธๅฎคใๆๅฎคใ็ฉบๅฎค
ๅฎ: ๅฎ็ฉใๅฎ็จใๅฎ็ฟใๅฎ่กใๅฎ้จใๅฎ้ใไบๅฎ
ๅ ด: ๅ ดๅ ใๅ ดๅใๅทฅๅ ดใไผๅ ดใๅธๅ ดใ้ง่ปๅ ดใๅ ฅๅ ดๅธ
่ฒป: ่ฒป็จใ้ฃ่ฒปใๅญฆ่ฒปใไผ่ฒปใไบค้่ฒปใๅป็่ฒปใๅฎ่ฒปใๅฝ่ฒปใ็ง่ฒป
ๆณ: ๆณๅพใๆณไบบใๆณๅญฆ้จใๆๆณใ็จๆณใไฝฟ็จๆณใ่ชฟ็ๆณใๅฏธๆณ
ๅบ: ๆธๅบใ้ๅบใ้ๅบใๆฌๅบใๆฏๅบใๅฃฒๅบใ็พ่ฒจๅบใๅฐ้ๅบใ้ฃฒ้ฃๅบใๅซ่ถๅบ
ๅ: ๅ็ฉใๅ จๅใ้ฃๅใ้ฃๆๅใ็จๅใไฝๅใๆฅ็จๅใ้ปๆฐ่ฃฝๅใ้ๅฃฒๅใ็น็ฃๅใ่ฌๅ
ๆด: ๆด้ฃใๆดๅฎคใๆดๆธใๆดๅผใๆดๆใๆฑๆดใ่ฅฟๆด
ไบ: ไบ็ดใไบๅฎใไบๅใไบ็ฟใไบๅ ฑใไบ็ฎ
ๅธญ: ๅบๅธญใๆฌ ๅธญใๅบงๅธญใ็ฉบๅธญใไบ็ดๅธญใ่ช็ฑๅธญใๆๅฎๅธญใๅชๅ ๅธญใ็ฆ็ ๅธญใๅซ็ ๅธญ
ๅฑ: ๅฑไธใๅฑๅคใๅฑๅ ใ้จๅฑใ่ๅฑใๅ ซ็พๅฑใ้ญๅฑใไธๅ็ฃๅฑ
ANSWERSTOTHEINTRODUCTORYQUIZZES,REVIEWEXERCISES,AND
ADVANCEDPLACEMENTEXAMPRACTICEQUESTIONS
AnswerstotheIntroductoryQuizzes
Lesson11.4602.9303.5004.(5437)01715.็็ฅ(Omitted)6.็็ฅ(Omitted)
Lesson2I. 1.c
2.b3.b4.b5.b6.b7.c
II. 1.12ใใค25ใซใก
2.1ใใคใชใฎใ
3.2ใใใใใ
4.12ใใค15ใซใกใ4ใใคใคใใใก
Lesson3
I. 1.ใธใใใ
2.ใใฃใใใใคใ
3.ใใใใใใใฉ
4.55.46.ใใฃ
7.ใ8.7or109.ใใคใใใ
Lesson4I. 1.a
2.a,b3.b4.b5.a6.b,a
Lesson5I. 1.ๅ ญๆฌๆจใๆฑไบฌ
2.9,5,12,43.89004.ในใใน
5.a
Lesson6I. 1.f
2.c3.d4.a5.b6.e
II. 1.c,d,e,f2.a
3.b,e4.e
III. c,d
Lesson7I. 1.a.190;b.130;c.160;d.150
2.a,dII. 1.a,b
2.c3.e
Lesson8I. 1.a
2.a3.b4.a
Lesson9I. 1.c
2.f3.e4.a
II. 1.b2.a3.b4.b5.a
Lesson10I. 1.a,e,g
2.b
3.f4.d
5.cII. 1.5:00
2.0:03III. 1.a
2.b3.b4.a
Lesson11I. b,aII. 1.C
2.A3.E4.D5.B
Lesson12I. 1.a
2.c,g3.f4.e5.b
Lesson13I. 1.a
2.b3.b4.c5.b6.c
7.b
Lesson14
1.a2.b3.b4.b5.c
Lesson151.a,a,b2.a,b3.b4.b5.a6.a,a7.b
Lesson16I. 1.a
2.b3.b4.b5.a6.b
II. 1.a2.a3.b
III. A.่ฌ็พฉๅฎคใไบๅๅฎคใไผ้คจใไผ่ฌ
B.็ ็ฉถๅฎคใๅฎ้จๅฎคใ็ชๅทใไธ็ชใไธ้ใไธๅทๅฎค
Lesson17
I. 1.ๆฐใใ้ฝๅธ
2.11ๅท้คจ
3.ใ็ชๆๅฎค
4.2ๆ24ๆฅII. 1.3ๆ7ๆฅ
2.3,000ๅ3.็ณ่พผๆธใๅฑฑๆฌ็ ็ฉถๅฎค
4.3ๆ1ๆฅ5.ใฏใใ่กใใพใใ
Lesson18I. 1.1)d,2)c,3)b,4)a
2.1)b,2)c,3)d,4)aII. 1.b
2.b3.b4.b5.a,b
Lesson19I. 1.b
2.b3.b4.b5.b6.b7.a8.b
II. 1.b2.a3.a4.c
Lesson20
I. cII. 1.a
2.a,c3.b
III. 1.F2.F3.T4.F5.F6.T7.F
Lesson21็ๆ (Omitted)
AnswerstotheReviewExercises
ReviewExercise,Lessons1-5I. 1.d
2.e3.b4.k5.i6.g7.o8.l9.c10.f11.a12.h
13.p14.n15.j16.m
II. 1.b2.a3.b4.a5.a6.b7.b8.b9.a
ReviewExerciseLessons6-10I. 1.a
2.h3.j4.e5.b6.c7.i,n8.f,k9.d,g,l,m10.s11.r12.t13.q14.o
II. 1.e2.c
3.i4.b5.j6.g
7.a
ReviewExercise,Lessons11-14I. 1.c
2.k3.a4.g5.e6.d7.h8.j9.f10.i11.b
II. 1.a2.a3.b4.a5.b6.a
ReviewExercise,Lessons15-18I. 1.eA.2-11:b,d,g,i,k,n,r,t,u,w
B.12-18:a,j,l,p,q,s,vC.19-24:c,f,h,m,o,x
II. 1.g2.a
3.l4.e5.b6.c
7.h8.i9.j10.f11.k12.d
ReviewExerciseLessons19-21I. 1.h
2.d3.g4.b5.e6.a7.f8.c
II. 1.ๆดใ็จใๆ
2.ๆกใๅฎใๆ
3.ๅคใ้ใๅ
4.ไผใๅฟซใ้
5.ใงใ่ชใ่ฌ
6.้ชใ้จใ่ฆ
7.ไบใๆใ่ช
8.็ฉถใๆฅใไผ
9.ไบฌใๆใๅ
10.ๆฐใ่จใๆ
11.ๆถใๅฐใๆญฃ
12.ๅ ใๅฐใๆด
13.ไธใๆฎ
14.่กใๆฅญ
15.ไบใ้
16.็ใๆ
17.ๆฐใ่จบ
18.ๅใๆ
19.ๆญขใๅธ
20.ๆณใๆน
21.้คจใ้
22.็ดใ่ฌ
23.ๅใ็ก
24.้ขใ้ฃฒ
AnswerstotheAdvancedPlacementExamPracticeQuestions
Lesson11.B2.A3.C4.D
Lesson21.C2.B3.D4.C5.B
Lesson31.B2.A3.B
4.D5.B
Lesson41.D2.C3.D4.A5.B
Lesson5Omitted
Lesson61.A2.B3.A4.A5.B
Lesson71.D2.C3.B4.D
Lesson81.D2.A3.B4.B
Lesson91.A2.C3.C4.D
5.C
Lesson101.A2.D3.A4.B5.C
Lesson111.B2.B3.A4.C5.D
Lesson12Omitted
Lesson131.A2.C3.C4.D
Lesson141.C2.B3.D4.A
Lesson151.D2.B3.A4.C5.D
Lesson161.D2.C3.B4.C5.D
Lesson171.A2.C3.C4.B5.A
Lesson181.C2.B3.D4.C
Lesson191.C2.D3.C4.A5.B
Lesson201.C2.B3.B4.A5.C
Lesson21Omitted
ON-KUNINDEX
Thewords in this index are taken from the kanji charts.On-yomi inkatakana and kun-yomi in hiragana are followed by the kanji, thelesson numberwhere itโs found, and its serial number in this book.Hiraganaafterโใปโindicatesokurigana.Modified readings, enclosedin(),followafteroriginalreadings.
โโใใใขใโโ
ใใใ ้ 2 - 17ใโขใ ไผ 15 - 183ใใโขใใ ๆ 17 - 205ใโขใ ้ 5 - 73
็ฉบ 12 - 158ใโขใใ ้ 5 - 73ใใโขใใ ้ 11 - 134ใใโขใใ ้ 11 - 134ใใใโขใใ ๆฐ 6 - 87ใใคใโขใ ๆ 11 - 148ใใฉ ๅพ 2 - 22ใใถโขใชใ ๅฑ 14 - 171ใใโขใ ๆด 9 - 115ใโขใ ๆ 21 - 249ใใโขใ ๆญฉ 13 - 164ใขใณ ๆก 9 - 114
ๆ 11 - 137
ๅฎ 19 - 233
โโใใใคใโโ
ใค ๆ 13 - 169ๅป 18 - 208
ใโขใใ ็ 4 - 42ใโขใ ่ก 7 - 104ใใโขใ ๆฅ 10 - 124ใใก ๅธ 4 - 52ใคใ ไธ 1 - 1(ใคใ๏ผ ไธ 1 - 1ใใคโขใค ไบ 1 - 5ใ.ใใ ๅ ฅ 4 - 53ใใ.ใ ็ฅ 3 - 35ใคใณ ๅผ 11 - 133
้ข 17 - 201้ฃฒ 20 - 240
โโใใใฆใโโ
ใฏ ๅณ 14 - 177ใใ ไธ 6 - 86ใใ ้ญ 19 - 230ใโขใใ ๅ 18 - 213ใใโขใ ๅ 7 - 100ใใ ็ 19 - 227ใใโขใ ๅพ 2 - 22ใใก ๅ 6 - 91ใโขใพใใ ็ 4 - 42ใโขใ ็ฃ 18 - 211ใโขใ ๅฃฒ 19 - 225
โโใใใงใโโ
ใจใค ็ถ 6 - 93ใงใญ ้ง 5 - 70ใจใณ ๅ 1 - 12
็ 14 - 175
โโใใๆใโโ
ใชใฆ ๅคฎ 7 - 96ใใโขใใ ๅคง 4 - 37ใชใฏ ๅฑ 21 - 247ใใโขใใ ๆ 17 - 198ใโขใ ๆผ 11 - 135ใใฉใ ็ท 5 - 67ใใใฆ ่กจ 10 - 128ใโขใใ ็ต 10 - 129ใใใช ๅฅณ 5 - 68
โโใใๅใโโ
ใ ๆฅ 2 - 15ๅ ็ซ 3 - 27
็ง 4 - 45ไธ 6 - 83
ใซใค ้ 5 - 73ๅ 7 - 105ๅฟซ 10 - 126ไผ 15 - 183้ 16 - 187
(ใฌใค๏ผ ้ 16 - 187ใฌใค ๅค 12 - 154ใโขใ ่ฒท 19 - 234ใโขใ ๆธ 5 - 64ใซใฏ ๅ 10 - 120(ๅใ๏ผ ๅ 10 - 120ใซใฏ ็ขบ 11 - 139ใฌใฏ ๅญฆ 4 - 38(ใฌใ๏ผ ๅญฆ 4 - 38ใโขใ ่ฒธ 21 - 248ใใ ๆน 8 - 109(ใใ๏ผ ๆน 8 - 109ใซใ ๅฒ 19 - 231ใฌใ ๆ 2 - 14(ใฌใ๏ผ ๆ 2 - 14
ใใญ ้ 3 - 30ใใ ็ฉบ 12 - 158ใใโขใ ็ตก 7 - 98
ใโขใใ ไปฃ 6 - 89
ใซใณ ้ 2 - 17้คจ 15 - 182
โโใใใญใโโ
ใ ๆจ 3 - 29(ใ๏ผ ๆจ 3 - 29ใญ ๆ 5 - 60
่จ 11 - 145ๆฐ 14 - 170ๅฑ 14 - 171
ใฎ ็พฉ 16 - 188่ญฐ 16 - 189
ใใ ๅ 9 - 112ใญใฅใฆ ไน 1 - 9
ไผ 2 - 13ๆฅ 10 - 124็ฉถ 16 - 192
ใฎใฅใฆ ็ 19 - 227ใฎใง ้ญ 19 - 230ใญใงใฆ ไบฌ 4 - 40
ๅ 15 - 184ๆ 17 - 198
ใฎใงใฆ ่ก 7 - 104ๆฅญ 19 - 236
ใญใงใฏ ๅฑ 12 - 152ใโขใ ็ 10 - 130(ใ๏ผ ็ 10 - 130ใโขใ ๅ 12 - 153(ใใฃ๏ผ ๅ 12 - 153(ใใฃ๏ผ ๅ 12 - 153ใญใณ ้ 3 - 30
ๆ็ฆ 13 - 166ใฎใณ ้ 11 - 132
โโใใใฏใโโ
ใฏ ไน 1 - 9
ๅบ 4 - 56ใฏใฆ ็ฉบ 12 - 158ใใใ ่ฅ 18 - 216(ใใใ๏ผ ่ฅ 18 - 216ใใ โขใ ไธ 6 - 83ใใก ๅฃ 8 - 107(ใใก๏ผ ๅฃ 8 - 107ใใซ ๅฝ 12 - 155ใใโขใ ๆ 11 - 137ใโขใ ๆฅ 18 - 215ใใใพ ่ป 8 - 106
โโใใใฑใโโ
ใฒ ไธ 6 - 83ๅค 12 - 154
ใฑใค ่จ 18 - 219ใ.ใ ๆถ 14 - 174ใฒใ ๆ 2 - 14ใใใ ็ 14 - 175ใฑใณ ๅธ 5 - 61
้ช 14 - 172็ 16 - 191้จ 16 - 195่ฆ 17 - 199
(ใฒใณ๏ผ ้ 2 - 17
โโใใใณใโโ
ใ ๅฐ 7 - 101ๅญ 9 - 116
ใณ ๆ 9 - 118ใด ไบ 1 - 5
ๅ 2 - 20ๅพ 2 - 22่ช 4 - 50
ใณใฆ ๅพ 2 - 22ใง 4 - 43ๆป 4 - 47่ก 7 - 104
ๅฃ 8 - 107้ซ 11 - 144่ช 12 - 157่ฌ 15 - 178
ใดใฆ ๅท 11 - 136ใณใฏ ๅฝ 12 - 155(ใดใฏ๏ผ ๅฝ 12 - 155(ใณใ๏ผ ๅฝ 12 - 155ใใใฎโขใค ไน 1 - 9ใใฉ ไบ 9 - 117(ใใฉ๏ผ ไบ 9 - 117ใโขใ ่พผ 5 - 63
โโใใใถใโโ
ใต ๅทฆ 14 - 176ใต ่ถ 20 - 241ใตใค ็ฅญ 3 - 36
ๆญณ 5 - 69(ใถใฃ๏ผ ๆญณ 5 - 69
่ฅฟ 6 - 92(ใถใฃ๏ผ ่ฅฟ 6 - 92ใตใค ้ 12 - 156ใใใช ้ญ 19 - 230(ใใใช๏ผ ้ญ 19 - 230ใใ ๅ 4 - 48ใใโขใใ ๆฏ 18 - 220ใตใ ๅฏ 18 - 218ใใพ ๆง 12 - 162ใตใณ ใ 1 - 3
ๅฑฑ 7 - 94(ใถใณ๏ผ ๅฑฑ 7 - 94ใตใณ ็ฃ 18 - 211ใถใณ ๆฎ 11 - 143
โโใใใทใโโ
ใท ๅ 1 - 4ๅธ 4 - 52ๆฐ 5 - 65
ไฝฟ 5 - 71ๅง 5 - 74่ช 7 - 99
ๅญ 9 - 116ๆญข 11 - 149ๅฃซ 17 - 203ๆญฏ 18 - 209ๆฏ 18 - 220
ใธ ๆ 2 - 23ๅฐ 6 - 82่ช 7 - 99ไบ 9 - 117ๅ 18 - 210
ใทใญ ๅผ 4 - 54ใใ ไธ 6 - 83ใทใ ไธ 1 - 7ใทใ ๅฎค 16 - 190ใธใ ๆฐ 2 - 15
ๅฎ 16 - 194(ใธใ๏ผ ๅฎ 16 - 194ใใช ๅ 19 - 232ใโขใพใ ้ 15 - 186ใโขใใ ้ 15 - 186ใทใค ่ป 8 - 106
่ 13 - 165ใทใฆ ๆ 6 - 85ใธใฅ ๅ 18 - 213ใทใฅใฆ ้ฑ 2 - 16
็ต 10 - 129ไฟฎ 17 - 200
ใธใฅใฏ ๅ 1 - 10(ใธใ๏ผ ๅ 1 - 10(ใธใฅใ๏ผ ๅ 1 - 10ใธใฅใฏ ไฝ 5 - 75ใทใฆใฏ ็ฅ 3 - 35ใทใฅใ ๅบ 8 - 108
(ใทใฅใ๏ผ ๅบ 8 - 108ใธใฅใณ ๆบ 10 - 123ใทใง ๆธ 5 - 64ใทใง ๆ 5 - 76
(ใธใง๏ผ ๆ 5 - 76ใณ3 ๅฅณ 5 - 68ใทใงใฆ ๅฐ 7 - 101
่จผ 11 - 138ๆญฃ 11 - 142ๆถ 14 - 174
ใธใงใฏ ไธ 6 - 86ๅธธ 12 - 159ๅ ด 17 - 197
(ใธใงใฆ) ็ 4 - 42ใทใงใฏ ้ฃ 15 - 180(ใทใงใ๏ผ ้ฃ 15 - 180ใใ ๆฑ 20 - 239(ใใ๏ผ ๆฑ 20 - 239ใโขใ ็ฅ 17 - 196ใทใณ ไธญ 5 - 62
ๆฐ 6 - 87่จบ 18 - 217
ใธใณ ไบบ 7 - 102
โโใใในใโโ
ใบ ๅณ 15 - 185ในใค ๆฐด 3 - 28ใโขใ ไฝ 5 - 75
โโใใใปใโโ
ใปใค ๆ 3 - 33็ 4 - 42่ฅฟ 6 - 92ๆญฃ 11 - 142
ใปใญ ๅธญ 20 - 245ใปใ ๅ 12 - 153ใปใณ ๅ 2 - 18
(ใผใณ๏ผ ๅ 2 - 18ใปใณ ๅฐ 4 - 46
ๅ 4 - 48็ท 6 - 81ๆด 9 - 115
ใผใณ ๅ 2 - 21ๅ จ 7 - 103
โโใใใฝใโโ
ใฝใฏ ้ 10 - 125ใใโขใ ๆณจ 13 - 168ใใฉ ๅค 12 - 154ใใ ็ฉบ 12 - 158
โโใใๅคใโโ
ใ ็ฐ 6 - 88(ใ ๏ผ ็ฐ 6 - 88ใฟ ไป 12 - 161ใฟใค ๅคง 4 - 37ใใค ๅคง 4 - 37
ไปฃ 6 - 89ใใโขใ ๅนณ 3 - 32ใใโขใ ้ซ 11 - 144(ใ ใ๏ผ ้ซ 11 - 144ใใโขใใใ ็ขบ 11 - 139ใ โขใ ๅบ 8 - 108ใใ โขใใ ๆญฃ 11 - 142ใโขใฃ ็ซ 13 - 167ใ.ใใ ้ฃ 15 - 180ใใโขใฃ ไฟ 18 - 212ใใโขใ ไพฟ 12 - 151ใใณ ็ท 5 - 67
โโใใกใใโโ
ใก ๅ 2 - 18ใ ๅฐ 6 - 82
็ฅ 17 - 196ใกใโขใใ ๅฐ 7 - 101ใใค ่ถ 20 - 241ใใคใฏ ็ 10 - 130ใใฅใฆ ไธญ 7 - 95
(ใธใฆใฏ) ไธญ 7 - 95ใใฅใฆ ๆณจ 13 - 168ใใงใฆ ไธ 4 - 57
ๅธณ 11 - 146้ณฅ 19 - 229
โโใใคใใโโ
ใคใโขใใ ่ฒป 17 - 200ใใฆ ้ 5 - 79ใคใโขใ ไฝฟ 5 - 71ใฃใ ๆ 2 - 14ใฃโขใ ็ 10 - 130
ไป 18 - 214ใคโขใใ ไป 18 - 214ใฃใก ๅ 3 - 31ใคโขใใ ้ฃ 7 - 97
โโใใฆใใโโ
ใฆ ๆ 6 - 85ใใค ๅฎ 5 - 59
ๅ 10 - 121่จ 11 - 141
ใใ ้ 6 - 84ใงโขใ ๅบ 8 - 108ใใณ ๅบ 19 - 224ใใณ ้ป 5 - 77
โโใใฉๅใโโ
ๅ ๅ 3 - 31้ฝ 4 - 51ๅณ 15 - 185
ใ ๅ 3 - 31ใใฆ ๆฑ 4 - 39
ๆนฏ 20 - 242ใใฆ ๅ 7 - 100
้ 13 - 163
ๅ 15 - 179ใฉใ ๅ 1 - 10ใฉใโขใ ้ 5 - 79(ใฉใโขใ๏ผ ้ 5 - 79ใฉใ ๆ 2 - 23ใใฏ ็น 10 - 127(ใใ๏ผ ็น 10 - 127ใฉใใ ๆ 5 - 76ใฉใ ๅนด 3 - 34
ๆญณ 5 - 69ใฉใฉโขใ ๅฑ 17 - 206ใฉใฉโขใใ ๅฑ 17 - 206ใฉโขใพใ ๆญข 11 - 149(ใฉโขใพใ๏ผ ๆญข 11 - 149ใฉโขใใ ็ 4 - 41
ๆญข 11 - 149(ใฉ.ใ๏ผ ๆญข 11 - 149ใฉใ ้ณฅ 19 - 229ใฉโขใ ๅ 11 - 147(ใฉโขใ๏ผ ๅ 11 - 147ใใณ ่ฑ 19 - 228
โโใใชใใโโ
ใช ๅ 5 - 66ใชโขใ ็ก 21 - 250ใใค ๅ 6 - 91ใชใ ไธญ 7 - 95ใชใช ไธ 1 - 7ใชใชโขใค ไธ 1 - 7ใชใซ ไฝ 6 - 80ใชโขใ ๆ 3 - 33(ใชใ) ไฝ 6 - 80ใใณ ๅ 9 - 113
โโใใซใใโโ
ใ ใ 1 - 2ๅ 18 - 210
ใใฏ ่ 19 - 226
ใซใ ่ฅฟ 6 - 92ใใ ๆฐ 2 - 15ใใฅใฆ ๅ ฅ 4 - 53ใใณ ไบบ 7 - 102
่ช 11 - 140
โโใใใณใโโ
ใใณ ๅนด 3 - 34
โโใใฎใใโโ
ใฎใโขใ ๆฎ 11 - 143ใฎใโขใ ๆฎ 11 - 143ใฎใผโขใ ไธ 6 - 86ใฎโขใ ้ฃฒ 20 - 240
โโใใฏใกใฝใโโ
ใฏ ๆญฏ 18 - 209(ใฐ๏ผ ๆญฏ 18 - 209ใฐ ๅ ด 17 - 197ใใค ๅฃฒ 19 - 225
่ฒท 19 - 234ใฏใโขใ ๅ ฅ 4 - 53ใใฏ ๅ 17 - 204(ใใฏ) ๅ 17 - 204ใฏใโขใพใ ๅง 5 - 74ใฏใโขใใ ๅง 5 - 74ใใ ๅ ซ 1 - 8(ใใ๏ผ ๅ ซ 1 - 8ใใ ็บ 10 - 131(ใใ๏ผ ็บ 10 - 131
(ใใ๏ผ ็บ 10 - 131ใฏใชใ ่ฉฑ 5 - 78ใฏใชโขใ ่ฉฑ 5 - 78ใฏใโขใ ้ 10 - 125ใฏใโขใ ๆ 18 - 221(ใฐใ.ใ๏ผ ๆ 18 - 221
ใใณ ๅ 2 - 24(ใใณ๏ผ ๅ 2 - 24ใใณ ไธ 2 - 19
็ช 8 - 111
โโใใฒใใโโ
ใฒ ๆฐ 2 - 15็ซ 3 - 27
(ใณ๏ผ ็ซ 3 - 27ใ ้ 14 - 173
่ฒป 17 - 200(ใ๏ผ ่ฒป 17 - 200ใณ ๆฐ 2 - 15ใ ๅ 20 - 246ใฒใใ ๆฑ 4 - 39ใฒโขใ ๅผ 11 - 133(ใณ.ใ๏ผ ๅผ 11 - 133ใฒใ ใ ๅทฆ 14 - 176ใฒใฉ ไบบ 7 - 102ใฒใฉโขใค ไธ 1 - 1ใใคใฏ ็พ 1 - 11(ใใคใฏ๏ผ ็พ 1 - 11(ใใคใฏ๏ผ ็พ 1 - 11ใใงใฆ ่กจ 10 - 128(ใใงใฆ๏ผ ่กจ 10 - 128ใใงใฆ ็ 18 - 207ใฒใโขใ ้ 5 - 73ใใณ ๅ 19 - 232(ใใณ๏ผ ๅ 19 - 232ใใณ ไพฟ 12 - 151
โโใใตใใโโ
ใ ไธ 9 - 119ๆฎ 10 - 122ไป 18 - 214
ใ ้จ 4 - 44ใถใ ่ฑ 19 - 228
ใตใโขใค ใ 1 - 2ใใ ็ฉ 19 - 235ใใณ ๅ 2 - 25(ใใณ๏ผ ๅ 2 - 25ใใณ ๅ 2 - 25
ๆ 4 - 55
โโใใธใธใโโ
ใใค ๅนณ 3 - 32้ 15 - 186
ใใณ ไพฟ 12 - 151
โโใใปใใโโ
ใ ๆญฉ 13 - 164ไฟ 18 - 212
ใใฆ ๆน 8 - 109(ใใฅ๏ผ ๆน 8 - 109ใใฆ ๆณ 18 - 222(ใใฅ๏ผ ๆณ 18 - 222ใใฏ ๅ 9 - 112ใใฏ ๅ 9 - 112(ใใ๏ผ ๅ 9 - 112ใใฏ ๆจ 3 - 29ใใณ ๆฌ 4 - 49(ใใณ) ๆฌ 4 - 49(ใใณ) ๆฌ 4 - 49
โโใใพใใโโ
ใพ ้ 2 - 17
ใใค ๆฏ 18 - 223ใพใ ๅ 2 - 21ใพใคโขใ ็ฅญ 3 - 36ใพใชโขใถ ๅญฆ 4 - 38ใพใ ไธธ 6 - 90ใพใโขใ ไธธ 6 - 90ใพใโขใ ๅ 7 - 105
ใพใโขใ ๅ 7 - 105ใใณ ไธ 2 - 19
โโใใฟใใโโ
ใฟ ๅฎ 16 - 194ใฟใ ๅณ 14 - 177ใฟใ ๆฐด 3 - 28
ใฟใ ๅบ 19 - 224ใฟใก ้ 13 - 163ใฟใฃโขใค ใ 1 - 3ใฟใฉโขใใ ่ช 11 - 140ใฟใชใฟ ๅ 9 - 113ใฟโขใ ่ฆ 17 - 199
โโใใๅถใโโ
ๅถ ๅ 16 - 193็ก 21 - 250
ใใฃโขใฃ ๅ ญ 1 - 6
โโใใใกใโโ
ใ ็พ 4 - 58ใกใค ๅ 5 - 66
ๆ 17 - 205ใกใณ ้ข 8 - 110
โโใใใขใโโ
ใใโขใ ไธญ 5 - 62
ใขใฏ ๆจ 3 - 29็พ 4 - 58
ใใกโขใใ ็จ 5 - 72ใขใ ็ฉ 19 - 235ใใฉ ๆฌ 4 - 49ใใฎ ่ 13 - 165
็ฉ 19 - 235ใขใณ ๆ 4 - 55
้ 15 - 181
โโใใใคใโโ
ใ ๅฑ 21 - 247ใคใฏ ่ฅ 18 - 216(ใฃใ๏ผ ่ฅ 18 - 216ใคใฏ ็ด 20 - 244ใใ.ใ ๅฎ 19 - 233ใใโขใ ไผ 2 - 13ใใฃโขใค ๅ ซ 1 - 8ใใพ ๅฑฑ 7 - 94
โโใใใฆใโโ
ใ ๆนฏ 20 - 242ใฅใฆ ้ต 12 - 150
ๅณ 14 - 177ๆ 21 - 249
ใโขใ ่ก 7 - 104
โโใใใจใโโ
ใ ๅ 1 - 4ไปฃ 6 - 89
ใจ ้ 11 - 134ไบ 20 - 243
ใจใฆ ๆ 3 - 26็จ 5 - 72ๆง 12 - 162ๆด 20 - 238
ใใฃโขใค ๅ 1 - 4ใใ ๅ 1 - 4
โโใใใฉใโโ
ใฉใค ๆฅ 18 - 215ใฉใฏ ็ตก 7 - 98
โโใใชใชใโโ
ใชใ ็ซ 13 - 167(ใชใ๏ผ ็ซ 13 - 167ใชใฅใฆ ็ 4 - 41ใชใงใฆ ๆ 12 - 160
โโใใใฌใโโ
ใฌใณ ้ฃ 7 - 97
โโใใใญใโโ
ใญใฏ ๅ ญ 1 - 6(ใญใ๏ผ ๅ ญ 1 - 6
โโใใใฏใโโ
ใฏ ่ฉฑ 5 - 78ๅ 20 - 237
ใโขใใ ๅ 2 - 25ใโขใใ ๅ 2 - 25ใโขใ ๅฒ 19 - 231
VOCABULARYINDEX
ThewordsinthisindexaretakenfromthevocabularylistsandkanjichartsinLessons1through21.
โโใใใโโ
ใใใ ้ 25ใใไผใ 156ใใใใๆใใ 177ใใใซใณ็ฉบใใซใณ 129ใใ้ใ 60,195ใใใ้ใใ 60ใขใธใข 126ใขใธใขใใใใใใใใใใขใธใขๅญฆ็ๅไผ 157ใใใๆๆฐ 177ใใใใจใกใใใ่ถณๅ ๆณจๆ 139ใใๆๆฐ 177ใใใใ้ ๏ผใ๏ผใ 114ใใใใใ้ ใๅ ฅใ 112,114ใใใใ้ ใใ 113,114ใใใใใๆฐใใ 71ใใคใใใใๆใๆน 118ใใคใใๆใ 118ใใจๅพ 27ใใถใชใๅฑใชใ 145ใขใใชใซ 126ใใใๆดใ 95ใใใใๆใ 216,217ใใๆใ 217ใใใๆญฉใ 136,137ใใๆก 95ใใใใใๆ่จใใ 117ใใใใๆๅท 115ใใใใคๆๅฎค 115ใใใใใคใฐใใใคๆ่จผ็ชๅท 113,115ใใใใใใๅฎๅฟใใ 199
ใใใใใชๅฎๅ จใช 199ใใใชใๆกๅ 79ใใใชใใใๆกๅ ๆธ 95ใใใชใใใๆกๅ ๆ 94,95ใใใชใใใๆกๅ ๆ 94,95ใใใชใใๆกๅ ๅณ 95,157ใใใชใใใๆกๅ ใใ 95
โโใใใโโ
ใใใๅป้ข 184ใใใใชๆๅคใช 139ใใใๅปๅญฆ 184ใใใใ่ก(ใ๏ผ 79,83ใใๆ็พฉ 164ใใใใ่กใๅ 83ใใใจใพใ่ก(ใ)ๆญข(ใพ)ใ 119ใใใ็ใใ 43ใใ่กใ 83ใใใถใใๆฑ ่ข 79ใใใๆ่ฆ 175ใใใๅป่ 183,184ใใใๆฅใ 104ใใกไธ 15ใใกใใไธๅ 15ใใกใใฃไธๆ 24ใใกใใคใชใฎใ1ๆ7ๆฐ 23ใใกใใฃใตใฃใ1ๆ2ๆฐ 23ใใกใใใใไธๅท้คจ 156ใใกใใใใใใใไธๆ้ (ใ)ใๆ 114ใใกใใฆใใไธๆๅๆญข 103ใใกใซใกไธๆฐ 15,24ใใกใซใกใใ ใไธๆฅไธญ 80ใใกใซใกใไธๆฅ็ฎ 49ใใกใญใใใไธๅนด็ 43ใใกใฐๅธๅ ด 47ใใกใฐใไธ็ช 90,195ใใกใใใณใ1ๅฒๅผใ 195ใใฃใไบๆฅ 17ใใฃใใไธ้ 163
ใใฃใใใไบๆฅ้ 23,25ใใคใคไบใค 17ใใฃใฝใใคใใใไธๆน้่ก 89
ใใฃใฝใไธๆฌ 15ใใฟๆๅณ 139ใใใใกๅ ฅๅฃ 88ใใใใใฒๅป็่ฒป 184ใใใฐๅ ฅ(ใ)ๆญฏ 184ใใใๅ ฅใใ 47,112ใใใ็ฅใ 36ใใใ็ฅใ 36ใใใใใใฆใ้ฃฒ้ฃๅบ 208ใใใใใใใ้ฃฒๆๆฐด 208ใใใใใๅผๅ 113
โโใใใโโ
ใใไธ 71ใใใฎไธ้ 68,71ใใใใกใฐ้ญๅธๅ ด 198ใใใจใๅ(ใ)ๅใ 186ใใใฟๅ๏ผใ๏ผ่บซ 186ใใใๅใใ 186,206ใใใๅใ 82ใใ็ 197ใใใๅพใ 26ใใใคใใใๅณๆ็ฆๆญข 147ใใกใใใๅ ็ฅ(ใ) 36ใใกใใๅ ๅด 72ใใจใ 15ใใพใใ็ใพใใ 43ใใ็ฃใ 185ใใใฐๅฃฒใๅ ด 79,195,196ใใๅฃณใ 195,196ใใใไธ็ 106ใใใจใใใ้ๅใใ 82
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใใๆ ็ป้คจ 156ใใใใใใใใๅถๆฅญๆ้ 195,200ใใใใใใกใใๅถๆฅญไธญ 200,206ใใใ่ฑ่ช 46
ใใ้ง 55,59ใใใใ้ง ๅก 59ใใใกใใ้ง ้ท 59ใใใใซ้ง ใใซ 59ใใในใ้ง ๅผ 59ใใใพใ้ง ๅ 59ใใใใ้ง ๅ 59,79ใจใใใฉใค 206ใใๅ 19ใใใ ใๅ้ซ 19,117ใใใใๅๅฎ 19,199
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใใ็ฅใ 36ใใใ ใใใใๆจชๆญ็ฆๆญข 136,138ใใใ ใใปใจใๆจชๆญๆญฉ้ 136,137ใใใใใ ใๅคงๅฃฒ(ใ)ๅบใ 196ใใใใใใฉใใฏๅคงๅใใฉใใฏ 136ใใใใๅคงใใ 42ใใใใๅคง้ช 42ใใใฆใพใกๅคงๆ็บ 68,70ใใใใใฎใ่ฒทใ็ฉ 195ใใๅUใๅฑๅค 217ใใใใใๅฑไธ 71,217ใใใชใๅฑๅ 217ใใใใๆผ๏ผใ๏ผๅ ฅ๏ผใ๏ผ 114,216ใใใใๆใใ 174ใใใใใใ้ฃไบ 206ใใใใใ็ฅใใ 173,174ใใๆผใ 112,114ใใ ใใใใใๅฐ็ฐๆฅ็ท 71ใใกใใ่ถ 206,208ใใกใใฎใฟใๅพก่ถใๆฐด 34,79(ใ)ใฆใใใ(ใ)ๆๆดใ 94,95ใใจใ็ท 55,58
ใใจใใฎใ็ทใฎๅญ 96ใใจใชๅคงไบบ 79,82ใใจใใใคใใใกใใใๅๆไธญ 112ใใฎใฟใใฎใ้ฃฒใฟ็ฉ 206ใใใใ้ข 89ใใใฆ่กจ 105ใใใๆนฏ 206,209็ตใใ็ต(ใ)ใ 106ใใใชๅฅณ 55,59
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใไผๅก 156ใใใใๆตทๅค 128ใใใไผ่ญฐ 164ใใใใใคไผ่ญฐๅฎค 163,164ใใใใไผ่จ 183,188ใใใใใใ้่ฌใใ 155ใใใใๅคๅฝ 126,128ใใใใใใๅคๅฝไบบ 128ใใใใคใใกๆนๆญๅฃ 88ใใใใใ้ๅงใใ 61ใใใใณ้ๅงๆฅ 55,61ใใใใไผ็คพ 156ใใใใ ใคใใๅคๅบใใ 128ใใใใใไผๅ ด 173,174ใใใใใใใๅค้ฃใใ 155ใใใใใใๅๆฐๅธ 79,83ใใใใๆๆฅ้ 105ใใใใๅ้ 83,102ใใใใๆ้ 102,105ใใใ ใ้ๆฎต 163ใใใฆใใใๆน่จใใ 116ใใใฆใใใใ้ๅบๆ้ 196ใใใฆใใใ้ๅบใใ 60ใใใฏใคใใ้็บใใ 60ใใใฒไผ่ฒป 175ใใใธใ้้ 157ใใใใใใๅคๅ็ 165ใใใใฎ่ฒทใ็ฉ 195
ใใใใฎใใ่ฒท(ใ)็ฉใใ 199ใใใใ้้ 154ใใใใใใใ้้ๆ้ 156ใใใใใใๅค็จ่ฌ 183,187
ใใใใๅคๆฅ 128
ใใใใใใใคใๅคๆฅๅไป 183,186ใใใใใๅคๆฅ่ช 186ใใใไผ่ฉฑ 62ใใ่ฒทใ 195,199ใใใ็งๅญฆ 44ใใใใๆธใๆน 89ใใใใใใ็ซๆฐๅณ็ฆ 144,145ใใใจใๆธ็ 43ใใๆธใ 57ใใใๅไฝ 103ใใใใใฆใใใๅ้ง ๅ่ป 102,103ใใใๅ่ช 103ใใใๅญฆๅฃซ 176ใใใใคใช็ขบๅฎใช 115ใใใใๅญฆ่ 137ใใใใๅญฆ็ 4,43ใใใใใๅญฆ็่ชฒ 43ใใใใใใใใๅญฆ็ไผ้คจ 154,156ใใใใใใใๅญฆ็่จผ 115,173ใใใใใใๅญฆ็็จ 60ใใใกๅๅฐ 103ใใใฆใๅๅ 102ใใใชใใณใๅญฆๅ ไพฟ 72,127ใใใซใ็ขบ่ช 112ใใใซใใใ็ขบ่ชใใ 116ใใใญใๅญฆๅนด 42ใใใฒๅญฆ่ฒป 175ใใใใๅญฆๅฒ 198ใใใใคใใๆ 55ใใใ็ซๅฑฑ 80ใใ่ฒธใ 216ใใ็ซไบ 34,96,136ใใใใใใน่ฒธๅใใน 217ใใใใค่ฒธๅฎค 217ใใใ ใใใใ่ฒธๅบๆ้ 217
ใใใใณใทใงใณ่ฒธใใณใทใงใณ 217ใใใ ๆญๆ 70ใใ่ฒธใ 217ใใใฟใก็้ 137
ใใฃใๅญฆ็ง 44ใใฃใใๅญฆไผ 156
ใใฃใๅญฆๆ 56ใใฃใใๅญฆๆ ก 42ใใฃใใๅๅฝ 103ใใชใๅฎถๅ 72ใใญ้ 35ใใใ็ง็ฎ 49ใใใใณ็ซๆๆฅ 3,34ใใใชใฑ็ฉบใชใฑ 129ใใใฆ็ฉบๆ 129ใใใ็ตกใ 81ใซใฌใผใฉใคใน 15ใใใใซไปฃ(ใ)ใใซ 72ใใใใ้ข่ฅฟ 73ใใใใใชๅฎๅ จใช 83ใใใ ็ฅ็ฐ 79ใใใจใ้ขๆฑ 42ใใใใฒ็ฎก็่ฒป 216ใใใใ้ข้ฃ 81ใใใใใฆใๆผขๅ่พๅ ธ 207
โโใใใโโ
ใๆจ 34ใใใ่ญฐๅก 164ใใใ 112ใใใ่ญฐไผ 164ใใใๆ้ 55,56ใใใๅฑ้ช 144ใใใๆ้ 56ใใใใชๅฑ้ชใช 145ใใใ่จๅท 117ใใ่จไบ 117ใใ็พฉๆญฏ 184
ใใใ่จ่ 137ใใใใใใใ่จ่ ไผ่ฆ 175ใใๅ 94ใใใๆฐไฝ 145ใใ ใ่ญฐ้ก 164ใใใใกๅๅฃ 94ใใใใซๅๅฝ 94ใใใใพใฆใๅๅฑฑๅบ 195ใใกใใ่ญฐ้ท 164ใใกใใใใ่จๅธณใใ 118ใใคใใใใคๅซ็ ๅฎค 146ใใคใใใใๅซ็ ๅธญ 146ใใฃใใฆใๅซ่ถๅบ 208ใใฃใฆๅๆ 126,127ใใฃใต 79ใใฃใทๅ็ฌฆ 127ใใซใ ใใใ่จๅ ฅใใ 112,117ใใญใใณ่จๅฟตๆฅ 117ใใฎใฟๆจใฎๅฎ 166ใใถใๆฐๅ 145ใใใใใใใ็พฉๅๆ่ฒ 165ใใใกๆฐๆ๏ผใก๏ผ 145ใใใฎ็็ฉ 106ใใใไน 18ใใ ใใใใใไผๅญฆใใ 24ใใใใใใใใๆๆฅ่ป 104ใใ ใใใๆฅ่ก 102,104ใใ ใใใไผ่ฌ 155ใใ ใใใใใๆฅ่กๅธ 104ใใ ใใไผๆญข 112ใใ ใใใใไผๆญขใใ 119ใใ ใใใคไผๆฅ 24,33ใใ ใใใ ใไนๅท 18ใใ ใใใ ใไนๅ 18ใใ ใใใใณไผ่จบๆฅ 187ใใ ใใฆใใใใใๆฅๅ่ปใใ 104ใใ ใใจใ็ตฆๆนฏ 209,216ใใ ใใจใ็ไธผ 197,206ใใ ใใซใ็่ 195,197ใใ ใใซใ ใ็ไนณ 197
ใใ ใใฒใใใใไน็พๅ 19ใใ ใใณใใๆฅ็ 184ใใ ใใตใไนๅ 28ใใ ใใใๆฅ็จ 104ใใใไปๆฅ 24
ใใใใใๅไผ 157ใใใใใใๆ็งๆธ 174ใใใใใใไบฌๅญใใ 96ใใใใๆๅธซ 174ใใใใใคๆๅฎค 174ใใใใใ ๆๆ 173,174ใใใใใ ใใคๆๆๅฎค 163ใใใใจไบฌ้ฝ 46ใใใใจใไบฌ้ฝๅธ 47ใใใใจใ ใใใไบฌ้ฝๅคงๅญฆ 41ใใใใใๆๅ่ชฒ 174ใใใใใใใใๅๅใใ 157ใใใใฐใๅฑ็ช 127ใใใญใๅปๅนด 36ใใ็พฉ็ 164ใใ็ใ 106ใใๅใ 127ใใใใใ่ญฐ่ซใใ 164ใใ้ 35ใใ้ 113ใใใใ็ฆ็ 144ใใใใใใ็ฆ็ ่ป 146ใใใใใใ็ฆ็ ใใ 146ใใใใใใ็ฆ็ ๅธญ 146,206,210ใใใใ้้ญ 198ใใใใ้่ก 112,113ใใใ้ๅบง 113ใใใ็ฆๆญข 136ใใใใใ็ฆๆญขใใ 138ใใใใ่ฟๆ 61ใใใใใๅคๅๅ 165ใใใกใใซ้ใกใใซ 35ใใใกใใซ้ใกใใซ 113ใใใใใณ้ๆๆฅ 33,35
โโใใใโโ
ใไน 18ใใใ็ฉบๆฐ 145ใใใใค็ฉบๅฎค 163,164
ใใใใ็ฉบ่ป 129ใใใใ็ฉบๅธญ 129ใใใคไนๆ 18ใใใๅบ้ 48,55
ใใไนๆ 18ใใใ่ฅ 187ใใใใ ใ่ฅไปฃ 187ใใ ใไธใ 70,102ใใกๅฃ 88ใใซๅฝ 128ใใใใใๅบๅฝนๆ 48ใใใๆใ 115ใฐใฉใฆใณใ 154ใใๆฅใ 186ใใใพ่ป 88
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใใใ็ตๅถ่ 73ใใใใใใ่จ็ปใใ 188ใใใใใใ็ต้จใใ 166ใใใใค่ญฆๅฏ 187ใใใใใใ่จ็ฎใใ 188ใใใใใใๅฅ็ดๆธ 209ใใๅค็ง 128,183ใใใๅค็งๅป 184ใใใดใ ๆถใใดใ 146ใใใใใไธ่ปใใ 88ใใใใใใจใใใไธ่ปๅ้็กๅน 218ใใๆถใ 146ใใใไธๆฐด 70ใใฃใใใใ็ตๅฉๅผ 47ใใฃใใใใๆฌ ๅธญใใ 210ใใฃใใใจใจใๆฌ ๅธญๅฑ 177
ใใคใใใณๆๆๆฅ 24,33ใใใ็ 146ใใๅธ 56ใใใใ็ 165ใใใใๅๆก 95ใใใใใใ่ฆๅญฆใใ 175ใใใใใใขใผ่ฆๅญฆใใขใผ 173ใใใใ็้ข 216ใใใใ ใใใ็ ็ฉถๅก 165ใใใใ ใใใ็ ็ฉถไผ 165ใใใใ ใใใค็ ็ฉถๅฎค 154,163,165ใใใใ ใใใ็ ็ฉถๆ 165ใใใใ ใใใ็ ็ฉถใใ 165ใใใใ ใใใ็ ็ฉถ็ 165ใใใใ็พ้ 35ใใใใใใๅณ็ฆ 138ใใใใใฐใใ็พ้ๆใ 188ใใใ่จ่ช 46ใใใใ ใ็ ไฟฎ 176ใใใใ ใใใ็พไฝๆ 61ใใใใ ใใใ็ ไฟฎ็ 165,176ใใใใๆค่จบ 187ใใใ ใ็พไปฃ 72ใใใฐ็พๅ ด 174ใใใถใคใใ่ฆ็ฉใใ 199
โโใใใโโ
ใไบ 17(ใ๏ผใใใชใ๏ผใ๏ผๆกๅ 79ใใใใๅท 102ใใใใใใ่ฌๆผไผ 156,173ใใใใใใ่ฌๆผใใ 155,173ใใใใใใ่ชๆตทใใ 129ใใใใใจใๅ ฌไผๅ 155ใใใใๅทฅๅญฆ 44ใใใใใฏใใๅทฅๅญฆๅๅฃซ 176ใใใใใฏใใๅทฅๅญฆๅๅฃซ 176ใใใใใถๅทฅๅญฆ้จ 41,44ใใใใใใๅท้คจ 154
ใใใใใค้ซๆฐๅง 117ใใใใใค่ฌ็พฉๅฎค 163,164ใใใใใ่ฌ็พฉใใ 164ใใใใใๅทฅๆฅญ 44,200ใใใใใณใ่ช็ฉบไพฟ 126,129ใใใใใใๅ่จใใ 188
ใใใใใใๆปๆใใ 45ใใใใ้ซๆ ก 117ใใใๅฃๅบง 88ใใใ่ฌๅบง 155ใใใ่ฌๅธซ 155,173
ใใใๅทฅไบ 136ใใใใกใใๅทฅไบไธญ 96,136ใใใใๅพ่ 137ใใใใ ใใใ่ฌ็ฟไผ 155ใใใใใๅทฅๅ ด 44,174ใใใใๆง้ 216ใใใใใจใใ้ซ้้่ทฏ 137ใใใกใ็ด ่ถ 206,208ใใใคใไบค้ 62,208ใใใคใใฒไบค้่ฒป 175ใใใงใใใคใใใ้ซ้ปๅงๅฑ้บ 145ใใใจใ่ฌๅ 155ใใใซใใใๅ ฌ่ชใใ 116ใใใฐใใถ่ณผ่ฒท้จ 199ใใใฏใๅพๅ 27ใใใฐใไบค็ช 90ใใใตใใไบคไปใใ 186ใใใใใๅ ฌๅๅก 165ใณใผใใผ 15ใใใ่ชๅญฆ 46ใใใคไบๆ 17ใใใฃใฆๅฐๅๆ 127ใใใใๆ ้ท 96ใใใใๅฝ้ 126,128ใใใใใใใๅฝ้ไผ่ญฐ 164ใใใใใใใใใใๅฝ้ๅๅ 157ใใใใใใใใ ใๅฝ้ไบคๆต 128
ใใใใใใใใใใใคๅฝ้ไบคๆตๅฎค 154
ใใใใใใๅฝ้็ท 69,128ใใใใใงใใๅฝ้้ป่ฉฑ 128ใใใใๅฝ็ฑ 128ใใใจใๅฝ้ 137ใใใชใๅฝๅ 128ใใใชใใใๅฝๅ ็ท 69ใใใฒๅฝ่ฒป 175ใใใฒใใใใใๅฝ่ฒป็ๅญฆ 43ใใใฟใใใใใใปใใๅฝๆฐๅฅๅบทไฟ้บ 185ใใใใคๅฝ็ซ 138ใใใใๅฝ้ฃ 81ใใๅๅพ 23,27ใใใใใคไบๅทๅฎค 164
ใใใฎใไนๆฅ 18ใใใฎใคไนใค 18ใใใกใใไบๆ็ 106ใใใฏใคไบๆ็บ 106ใใใใไบๅ 17ใใใ ใใใไบๅๅ 19ใใใใๆ ้ 94ใใใใใใๆ ้ใใ 96ใใใๆ ไบบ 96ใใใๅๅ 23,26ใใใใใไบๅๅ 25ใใฃใใๅฝไผ 128,156ใใฃใใใใใจใๅฝไผ่ญฐไบๅ 155ใใฅใคใฟๅฐๅ 82ใใจไบ 96ใใจใไปๅนด 36ใใจใๅญใจใ 79,96ใใจใๅฐ้ณฅ 197ใใซใใใใใไบไบบไปฅไธ 71ใใฎใใใ ใใฎ้ 25ใใฎใใใใฎๆน 89ใใฎใใใใฎ้ 128ใณใใผใใคใณใใผๅฎค 163ใใฒใใใใไบ็พๅ 15ใใตใใพใไบๅๅ 26ใใ่พผใ 57ใใใใใไบ็ด 206
ใณใญใใฑ 206ใใใใคไปๆ 24ใใใใใไป้ฑ 25ใใใซใกไปๆฅ 24
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใๆญณ 55ใใใใคๆญณๆ 59ใใใใค็ฅญๆฅ 33,37ใใใใๅ่จบ 187ใใใซใใๆญณๅ ฅ 59ใใใใใใๆก็จใใ 60ใใใ่ต็ 23ใใใใใใใ่ต็ๆธฉๆณ 23ใใใช้ญ 195,198ใใใชใคใ้ญใคใ 198ใใใชใ้ญๅฑ 198ใใใใใๅทฆไบฌๅบ 41,43ใใใฒใไฝๅ 198ใใใใๆฏใใ 188ใใใๅบงๅธญ 210ใใใคใใใๅทฆๆ็ฆๆญข 147ใใจใ่ถ้ 208ใใใพใใๆก 55,126ใใใใใใซใๅทฆๅณ็ขบ่ช 144,147ใใใ 16ใใใใใ้ 163ใใใใคใๆ 16ใใใใใ็ฃๆฅญ 200ใใใใใใใๆฎๆฅญใใ 117ใใใใใใไธ่ก็ฎ 83ใใใใๆฎ้ 117ใใใใใใๅ่ๆธ 57ใใใใ ใไธๅ 18ใใใใๆฎๆ 117ใใใใไธๅ 25ใใใ ใๆฎ้ซ 117ใใใ ใใใใใใๆฎ้ซ็ งไผ 112ใใใกใใใไธไธ็ฎ 49
ใใใซใไธไบบ 16ใใใญใไธๅนด 36ใใใญใใชๆฎๅฟตใช 117ใใใฐใใใไธ็ช็ท 90ใใใณใใไธ็พ 19ใใใณใใใใไธ็พๅ 15ใใใตใใใ็ฃๅฉฆไบบ็ง 183,185ใใใผใไธๆฌ 46
ใใใพใใใใใใ3ไธ5ๅๅ 23
โโใใใโโ
ใๅ 16ใใใๅฏบ้ข 175ใใใๅธๅถ 73
JRใใJR็ท 69
JRใฒใใใซใปใJRๆฑๆฅๆฌ 42ใใๆญฏ็ง 183,184ใใใๆญฏ็งๅป 184ใใใๆฌกๅ 83ใใใใคใใๅธๅค้่ฉฑ 62ใใใคๅๆ 16
ใใใคใคใใใก4ๆ1ๆฅ 23ใใใๆ้ 27ใใใใใๆ้ๅค 128ใใใใใใใใคใๆ้ๅคๅไป 186ใใใใฒใใๆ้่กจ 105ใใๅผ 47ใใใใๆท้ 216ใใ๏ผใใ๏ผๅผ(3) 47ใใใใใใๅงๆฅญๅผ 61ใใใ่ฉฆ้จ 166ใใใไบไปถ 96ใใไบๆ 94,96ใใใๅๅฝ 128ใใใใฒใใๆๅป่กจ 102,105ใใใจไปไบ 96ใใใใๆฏๆใใ 188ใใใคไบๅฎ 166
ใใใๆฏ็คพ 188ใใใ ใคๆฏๅบ 188ใใใ่พๆธ 57ใใใใๅธๅ ด 47ใใใๅฐ้ 69ใใใ่ช็ถ 81ใใใๆ้ 104ใใไธ 70
ใใ ใๆไปฃ 72ใใใไธ็ 70,106ใใใ่ชๅฎ 81ใใใพใกไธ็บ 70ใใกไธ 17ใใกใใคไธๆ 17ใใกใใคใใไธๆๅท 114
ใใกใไธๆ 17ใใกใใๅธ้ท 47ใใฃใใใใคๅฎ้จๅฎค 163,166ใใฃใใใใๅฎ้จใใ 166ใใฃใใใใๅฎ่กใใ 166ใใฃใใๅฎ้ 166ใใฃใใ ใใใๅฎ็ฟใใ 166ใใคใชใๅฎคๅ 164ใใฃใดๅฎ่ฒป 175ใใคใถใคๅฎ็ฉ 166ใใฃใทใๅๅ 18ใใคใใๅฎ็จ 166ใใฆใใใๆๅฎๅธ 56ใใฆใใใๆๅฎๅธญ 210ใใฆใค็ง้ 70ใใฆใๆฏๅบ 196ใใฆใใใ่ช่ปข่ป 88ใใจใ่ชๅ 79,82ใใจใๅ ็ซฅ 185ใใจใใใ่ชๅ่ป 88ใใชๅ 198ใใชใๅธๅ 72ใใชใใๅๅท 79,198ใใชใใๅๅใ 198ใใชใใฎๅ็ฉ 199
ใใฏใคๅง็บ 102,106ใใฏใใใพใจใใกๆฏๆ(ใ)็ชๅฃ 183,188ใใฏใใๆฏๆใ 188ใใฒ็ง่ฒป 175ใใฒใใใใใ็ง่ฒป็ๅญฆ 43ใใถๆฏ้จ 188ใใถใๆธ่ฐท 79ใใถใ่ชๅ 81
ใใพใ้(ใพ)ใ 157,195ใใฟใๅธๆฐ 47ใใใใคไบๅๅฎค 163,165ใใใใไบๅๆ 165ใใใๆฐๅ 55,58ใใใใ็ท ๏ผใ๏ผๅ๏ผใ๏ผ 127,173ใใใ้ใใ 157ใใใใ็คพไผ 156ใใใใใๅธๅฝนๆ 47ใใใจใ่ป้ 137ใใใชใ่ปๅ 88ใใใ้ฑ 25ใใใๅ 18ใใ ใใใกๅไธ 18ใใ ใใใกใใๅไธๅ 18
ใใ ใใใกใใฏใ11ๆๅ 23ใใ ใใใกใใฏใๅไธๆๅ 27ใใ ใใใๅๅ 19ใใ ใใใใใใใไฟฎๅญฆๆ ่ก 176ใใ ใใใ ใใญใๅไนๅนด 33ใใ ใใใใๅฎๆ 174ใใใใไฟฎๅฃซ 173,176ใใ ใใใค็ตๆฅ 106ใใ ใใใคใใใใ็ตๆฅ็ฆ็ 146ใใ ใใใไฝๆ 55,61ใใ ใใใใใไฟฎๆญฃใใ 176ใใใใใ่ช็ฑๅธญ 210ใใ ใใใไฝๅฎ 61ใใ ใใกใใใใ็ต็้ง 106ใใ ใใฆใ็ต็น 106ใใ ใใงใ็ต้ป 106ใใ ใใจใๆ้ 137
ใใใใช่ช็ฑใช 81ใใ ใใซใใคๅไบๆ 24ใใ ใใซใใคใใ ใใใซใก12ๆ15ๆฅ 23
ใใ ใใซใใคใซใใ ใใใซใก12ๆ29ๆฅ 23
ใใ ใใซใใคใซใใ ใใใซใก12ๆ25ๆฅ 23ใใ ใใฏใค็ต็บ 102,106ใใ ใใพใค้ฑๆซ 25ใใ ใใฟใใฒใใไฝๆฐ็ฅจ 61ใใ ใใใใไฟฎ็ใใ 176ใใ ใใใใใใใใใไฟฎไบ่จผๆธ 176ใใ ใใใใใใ็ตไบใใ 106ใใ ใไธป็พฉ 164ใใ ใใใใใใๆๆฅญๆ 200ใใ ใใใใใค็ฅ็ฅญๆฅ 37ใใ ใใใค็ฅๆฅ 30,36ใใ ใใงใ็ฅ้ป 36ใใ ใใใใๅ้จใใ 186ใใ ใใใจใจใๅ่ฌๅฑ 177ใใ ใใๅ่จบ 187ใใ ใใไธปไบบ 82ใใ ใฃใใใใๅบๅฝใใ 89ใใ ใฃใใใใๅบๅธญใใ 89,210ใใ ใฃใฑใคๅบ็บ 173ใใ ใฃไธจใดใคใใๅบ็บใใ 106ใใ ใฃใทใๅๅ 18ใใ ใจ้ฆ้ฝ 46ใใ ใจใๆๅ 82ใใ ใใ็จฎ้ก 55ใใ ใใใ ใๆบๆฅ 102,104ใใ ใใฐใ้ ็ช 90ใใ ใใณใใๆบๅใใ 104,210ใใ ใใณใกใ ใๆบๅไธญ 206,210ใใใไฝฟ็จ 55ใใใๅฐ 79ใใใใใ้ 183ใใใใใ็ณใๅธ 216ใใใใๆถ็ซ 144ใใใใใๆถ็ซๅจ 144,146ใใใใใใใๅฐๅญฆ็ 82ใใใใใคๆญฃๆ 116
ใใใใใ ใไธ็ด 71ใใใใไธไธ 71ใใใใใๅฐ่จ 188ใใใใๆญฃๅ 26ใใใใใใใไน่ปๅธ 56ใใใใใไฝฟ็จใใ 60ใใใใใคๅฐ่ชฌ 82ใไธใใกใ ใไฝฟ็จไธญ 80,163
ใใใใชใๅ ดๅ 174ใใใใซใๅฐๅ ็ง 82,183,185ใใใใซใใๅฐๅ ็งๅป 185ใใใใฒใใๆถ่ฒป่ 175ใใใใฒใใๆถ่ฒปใใ 146ใใใใปใไฝฟ็จๆณ 189ใใใใผใใใๆถ้ฒ่ป 146ใใใใใใใ่จผๆๆธ 177ใใใใใใใใ่จผๆ่จผ 177ใใใใใใใใใใใตใญใใใ่จผๆๆธไบคไป้ก 173ใใใใใใใ่จผๆใใ 177ใใใใใๆญฃ้ข 116ใใใใใๅฐๆฅ 186ใใใใใใ่ทๆฅญ 200ใใใใ้ฃๅพ 155ใใใใ้ฃไบ 206ใใใใใใ้ฃไบใใ 155ใใใใใ้ฃๅ 155ใใใใจใ้ฃๅ 155,206ใใใใฒ้ฃ่ฒป 175ใใใใฒใ้ฃๅ 198ใใใใใใใฒใ้ฃๆๅ 195,198ใใใใใกๆๅจๅฐ 55,61ใใใๅฅณๅญ 94,96ใใใใใใใๅฅณๅญๅญฆ็ 96ใใใใ ใๅฅณๅญๅคง 96ใใใใ ๅฉๆ 70ใใใใใๆธ็ถ 57,126ใใใใๅ่จบ 187ใใใใๅฅณๆง 59ใใใฃใใ้ฃ้ 155ใใใฃใใ้ฃๅธ 155
ใใใฆใๆธๅบ 196ใใใใๆธ้ก 57ใใใใ็ฅ๏ผใ๏ผๅใ 174ใใใคๅธ็ซ 138ใใใค็ง็ซ 138ใใใใ่ณๆ 130ใใ็ฅใ 174ใใใใฃใๆฐๅญฆๆ 71ใใใใใใๆฐๅนน็ท 69,102ใใใใไฟกๅท 114ใใใใไบบๅทฅ 44ใใใใไบบๅฃ 88ใใใใใใ็ณๅใใ 57ใใใใคใใ่จบๅฏๅธ 183,187ใใใใคใใใ่จบๅฏๆ 187ใใใใคใใค่จบๅฏๅฎค 183,187ใใใใคใใ่จบๅฏใใ 187ใใใใคใณ่จบๅฏๆฅ 187ใใใใ ใใใๆฐไฝๆ 71ใใใใ ใๆฐๅฎฟ 61,71ใใใใ ใใใๆฐๅฎฟ็ท 68ใใใใๆฐไบบ 71ใใใใใใ็ณ่ซใใ 57ใใใใคใช่ฆชๅใช 127ใใใซใ ใใใๆฐๅ ฅ็ 71ใใใญใๆฐๅนด 71ใใใฐใๆฐๆฉ 79ใใใฏใคใฐใๆฐ็บๅฃฒ 196ใใใถใๆฐ่ 71ใใใถใใใใๆฐ่่จ่ 117ใใใใใใใใ่จบ็ๆ้ 187
โโใใใโโ
ใๅณ 157ใใใใ ใๆฐด็ 197ใใใใๆฐด้ 113ใใใใ ใๆฐดๆบ 104ใใใจใๆฐด้ 137ใใใถใๆฐดๅ 34
ใใใธใใชๆฐดๅนณใช 35ใใใใใณๆฐดๆๆฅ 33,34ในใผใใผ 195ในใญใผใใน 23ใ-ใใๅณ-3 157ใใใใใกใ ใใ้ ญไธๆณจๆ 139ใใฒใใๅณ่กจ 157ใใถใ้ ข่ฑ 197ในใใผใใใใฒใในใใผใ็จๅ 198
ใใพใไฝใพใ 61ในใในใใพในใในๆง 130ในใในใในใในๆฐ 58ใใไฝใ 61ใใใๅณ้ข 157ใใใฝใๅฏธๆณ 189
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใๆญฃ่งฃ 116ใใใใใชๆญฃ็ขบใช 115ใใใๆญฃ็พฉ 164ใใใใใ็ๅ 154,157ใใใใใใๆๅใใ 36ใใใใใใ็็ขใใ 185ใใใใใชๆญฃๅผใช 116ใใใใใใชๆญฃๅธธใช 129ใใใใใฎใฒๆไบบใฎๆฅ 36ใใใใใณใใๆไบบ็ 184ใใใใใฒใใๆ็ธพ่กจ 36ใใใญใใใฃใด็ๅนดๆๆฅ 2,43ใใใใๆญฃ้ 136,154,156ใใใใ่ฅฟๆด 73,207ใใๅธญ 210ใใ ใไธไปฃ 72ใใคใณ่จญๅ 210ใใคใใใใ่ชฌๆๆธ 177ใใ็ท 69ใใใใๅ จๅก 83ใใใใๅๅ 25ใใใใใใๅๅไปฅไธ 70ใใใใๅๅ 83ใใใใใใๅ จๅฟซใใ 105ใใใใๅ จๅญฆ 83ใใใใคๅ ๆ 45ใใใๅๅพ 27ใใใใๅฐๆป 41ใใใใใใๅฐๆปใใ 45ใใใใๅ จๅฝ 83ใใใใๆดๅค 95ใใใใคๅ ๆฅ 45ใใใใคๅๆฅ 26ใใใใๅ่ 137ใใใใ ้ธๆ 70ใใใใ ใๅ ้ฑ 25,45ใใใใๅ ็ 41,45ใใใใๅ จ็ท 79,83ใใใใๅ จไฝ 83
ใใใใใๆดๆฟฏๆฉ 95ใใใจใ้ญๆนฏ 209ใใใฑใๅ ่ผฉ 45ใใใฏใๅๅ 27ใใใฑใๅๅ 27ใใใดใๅ จๅ 195,198ใใใถๅ จ้จ 44,83ใใใใใใๆด้ขๆ 95,216ใใใใๅฐ้ 45,156ใใใใใๅฐ้ๅฎถ 156ใใใใใใฃใใๅฐ้ๅญฆๆ ก 45ใใใใใใใๅฐ้็ง็ฎ 156ใใใใใฆใๅฐ้ๅบ 196ใใใใๅ ็ด 209ใใใใใใใใๅฐๆ้ข็ฉ 216ใใใใๅฐ็จ 60
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใใ้ๆ 130ใใใใค้้ 104,126ใใใจ้ๅบฆ 104ใใใๆณจใ 138ใใคใใใใใๅๆฅญๅผ 47ใใคใใใใใๅๆฅญใใ 200ใใจๅค 128ใใจใใๅคๅด 128ใใฎใใใฎไป 126,130ใใฐ 15ใใ็ฉบ 129
โโใใใโโ
ใ็ฐ 71ใ ใใใกใใใใใณ็ฌฌ1ๆฐดๆๆฐ 195ใใใใใใ้้ขใใ 175ใใใใๅคงไผ 42ใ ใใใๅคงๅญฆ 42ใ ใใใใใๅคงๅญฆ้ข 173,175ใ ใใใใใใใๅคงๅญฆ้ข็ 175
ใ ใใใใใๅคงๅญฆ็ฅญ 37ใ ใใใใใๅคงๅญฆ็ 43ใ ใใใใณใใใใๅคงๅญฆ็ ้ข 154,184ใ ใใใไปฃ่ญฐๅฃซ 176ใ ใใใไปฃ้ 72ใใใใใใไฝ้จใใ 166ใ ใใใใจใๅคง่ฌๅ 154ใใใๅคงไฝฟ 60ใใใใใๅคงไฝฟ้คจ 60,156ใ ใใใชๅคงไบใช 96ใ ใใใใๅคงๅฐ 82ใใใใคใชๅคงๅใช 127ใ ใใจใใฐใๅคง็นๅฃณ 195ใ ใใจใใๅฐๆ 216ใ ใใจใๅคง้ฝๅธ 42ใ ใใฒใใใใไปฃ่กจใใ 105ใ ใใถใคๅคงไป 42ใใใธใใใๅคชๅนณๆด 207ใใใใชๅนณใใช 35ใ ใใใซใไปฃ็ไบบ 72ใใใ้ซใ 117,195ใใใใใ็ขบใใใ 115ใ ใๅบใ 89ใใ ใใๆญฃใใ 113,116ใใกใใ็ซ(ใก)ๅ ฅ(ใ) 136ใใกใใใใใ็ซๅ ฅ็ฆๆญข 136,138ใใกใใใใใใ็ซๅ ฅๅณ็ฆ 138ใใค็ซใค 136,138ใใฃใใ ใใณใๅฎ ๆฅไพฟ 127ใใชใใใ็ฐไธญใใ 71ใใซใไปไบบ 130ใในใ้ฃในใ 155ใใใคไฟใค 185ใใใไพฟใ 127ใใใใ ใใใ็ญๆๅคงๅญฆ 56ใใใๅ่ช 46ใ ใใ็ทๅญ 94,96ใ ใใใ็ทๅฅณ 59ใใใใใใณ่ช็ๆฅ 43ใ ใใใ็ทๆง 58
โโใใกใโโ
ใกใใใๅฐใใ 82ใกใๅฐไธ 70,154ใกใใๅฐ้ 163ใกใใใฃใใๅฐไธไธ้ 163ใกใใใคๅฐไธๅฎค 164ใกใใฆใคๅฐไธ้ 68,70ใกใใ ใๅฐ็ 69ใกใใญใใใ็ฏๅนดๆฐ 216ใกใ็ฅไบ 174ใกใใ็ฅ่ญ 174ใกใใ็ฅไบบ 174ใกใๅฐๅณ 69,154,157ใกใฐๅ่ 25ใกใปใๅฐๆน 89ใกใใๅฐๅ 69ใกใ่ถ 206,208ใกใใใ่ถ่ฒ 208ใใใใใ็ 102ใกใ ใใๆณจๆ 136ใกใ ใใใใๆณจๆใใ 139ใกใ ใใใไธญๅคฎ 80ใกใ ใใใใไธญๅคฎๅบ 80ใกใ ใใใใใกไธญๅคฎๅฃ 88ใกใ ใใใใใใใจใไธญๅคฎ้ฃๅ 154ใกใ ใใใใใไธญๅคฎ็ท 79,80ใกใ ใใไธญ่ฏ 206ใกใ ใใใไธญๅญฆ 80ใกใ ใใใ ใไธญ็ด 80ใกใ ใใไธญๅค 80ใกใ ใใใไธญๅฝ 128ใกใ ใใใใไธญๆญขใใ 119ใกใ ใใใใใใ้ง่ป็ฆๆญข 138ใกใ ใใใใใใ้ง่ปๅ ด 174ใกใ ใใใใใๆณจๅฐใใ 138ใกใ ใใใไธญๅฟ 80ใกใ ใใใใใๆณจ็ฎใใ 138ใกใ ใใใใใๆณจๆใใ 138
ใกใ ใใใคไธญ็ซ 138ใกใใใใใๆ้ฃ 183
ใกใใใฟใใใ่ชฟๅณๆ 130ใกใใใใปใ่ชฟ็ๆณ 189ใกใใ ใใๅไปฃ็ฐ็ท 68,71
โโใใคใโโ
ใคใใใกไธๆฅ 15,23,24ใคใใใ่ฒปใใ 175ใคใใใ้ๅญฆ 55ใคใใใใใ้ๅญฆๅ 55,62ใคใใใใใ้ๅญฆใใ 62ใคใใใ้ๅค 55ใคใใใใใ้ๅคๅ 55ใคใใใใใ้ๅคใใ 62ใคใใใใกใ ใ้่กไธญ 136ใคใใใใจใ้่กๆญข๏ผใ๏ผ 19,136ใคใใใใ้ๅธธ 62,126,129ใคใใกใใ้็ฅใใ 174ใคใใกใใ้ๅธณ 113,118ใคใใกใใใใซใใ้ๅธณ่จๅ ฅ 112ใคใใใใไฝฟใๆน 60ใคใใไฝฟใ 60,112ใคใๆ 24ใคใ็ใ 106ใคใไปใ 186ใคใใใฎ 206ใคใใไปใใ 186ใคใกๅ 35ใใคใผใๅช 216ใคใใฆใใ้ฃใใฆ่กใ 81
โโใใฆใโโ
ใฆๆ 70ใฆใใใใใๆๆดใๆ 94,95ใฆใใใๅฎๅก 56ใฆใใๅฎไพก 56
ใฆใใๅฎๆ 56ใฆใใใใๅฎๆๅธ 55,56ใฆใใใใๅฎ็พฉใใ 164
ใฆใใใณใๅฎๆไพฟ 127ใฆใใใ ใใณๅฎไผๆฅ 56,195,206ใฆใใใใใๅฎๆ้ ้ 114ใฆใใใๅฎๅฝข 126ใฆใใใ ใคใใๆๅบใใ 89ใฆใใใใๅฎ้ฃ 155,206ใฆใใใ่จๆญฃ 113ใฆใใใใใ่จๆญฃใใ 116ใฆใใงใๅ้ป 103ใฆใใญใๅฎๅนด 56ใงใใใใกๅบๅ ฅๅฃ 89ใฆใใใ ใใใๅ็ๆ 103ใฆใใฟๆ็ด 70,126ใงใใกๅบๅฃ 88,89ใฆใใใใใๆๆฐๆ 70,130ใฆใกใใๆๅธณ 118ใฆใค้ 70ใฆใฃใใใณใณใฏใชใผใ้็ญใณใณใฏใชใผใ 216ใฆใคใจใ้้ 70ใ-ไบในใถใ-ไบใน้จ 44ใงใพใๅบๅ 89ใงใๅบใ 89ใใฌใใใใใใฌใๅฑ 127ใฆใใๅคฉๆฐ 145ใงใใ้ปๆฐ 62,145ใงใใใใใฒใ้ปๆฐ่ฃฝๅ 198ใงใใใ ใ้ปๆฐไปฃ 72ใฆใใใใปใ็ญๆฐฆไบๅ ฑ 209ใงใใ้ปๅญ 62ใงใใใ้ป่ป 88ใงใใก้ปๆฑ 62ใฆใใทใใใฐๅคฉใทใใใฐ 206ใงใใฝใ้ปๅ ฑ 62ใงใใใใ้ปๅ 62ใงใใ้ป่ฉฑ 55,62ใงใใใใใ้ป่ฉฑๅฑ 127ใงใใใกใใ้ป่ฉฑๅธณ 118
ใงใใใฐใใใ 15
โโใใจใโโ
ใจใใใใๅๆ็ 56ใจใใใใๆฑไบฌ 23,43ใจใใใใใ ใใใๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆ 41ใจใใใใใจๆฑไบฌ้ฝ 46ใจใใใใใจใใชใๆฑไบฌ้ฝๅบๅ 48ใจใใใใใกใใญใใๆฑไบฌใกใใญ็ท 68ใจใใใใใๆฑ่ฅฟ็ท 68,73ใจใใใใชใใผใๆฑ่ฅฟๅๅ 95ใจใใ ใๆฑๅคง 42ใจใใกใใใฐใใใๅฐ็็ช็ท 102ใจใใชใใขใธใขๆฑๅใขใธใข 95ใจใใฐใๅฝ็ช 90ใจใใถใคๅ็ฉ 199ใจใใปใใกใปใๆฑๅๅฐๆน 94ใจใใใๆฑๆด 207ใจใใใใชๅๆงใช 130ใจใใใใใ้่ทฏๅทฅไบ 137ใจใใใใ้ฝ็ถ็ท 68ใจใใใกใใฆใค้ฝ็ถๅฐไธ้ 73ใจใๅ 18ใจใใๅๆฅ 18ใจใใ้ใ 62ใจใๆ 27ใจใใฉใๆใ 27ใจใใใใฒใ็น็ฃๅ 185ใจใใใ่ชญๆธ 57ใจใใกใใ็น้ปด 105ใจใใกใใ็น้ท 105ใจใใซ็นใซ 105ใจใใฐใ็นๅฃฒ 196ใจใในใคใช็นๅฅใช 105ใจใใๆ่จ 27,188ใจใใๆ 61ใจใๅนด 36ใจใ้ฝๅธ 47ใจใๆญณ 59
ใจใใใๅนดไธ 71ใจใใใใใฃใ้ฝๅธๅทฅๅญฆ็ง 41,47ใจใใใใๅณๆธ้คจ 154,157ใจใใใใคๅณๆธๅฎค 163,164ใจใกๅๅฐ 35,69ใจใฃใใ ใ็นๆฅ 102,105ใจใฃใใ ใใใ็นๆฅๅธ 105ใจใจใๅฑใ 177ใจใจใๅฑ๏ผใ๏ผ 177ใจใจใใใๅฑใๅ 177ใจใจใใๅฑใใ 177ใจใชใ้ฝๅ 72ใจใผใๅๆจ 34ใจใผใใใใใๅๆจๅทฅๅญฆ 44ใจใผใใใใใฃใๅๆจๅทฅๅญฆ็ง 41,44ใจใพใๆญข๏ผใพ๏ผใ 119ใจใพใๆญขใพใ 119ใจใใๆญขใใ 119ใจใใใณๅๆๆฅ 33,35ใจใ้ณฅ 197ใจใใใคใใใกใ ใๅ๏ผใ๏ผๆ๏ผใ๏ผไธญ 112,118ใจใใใๅ๏ผใ๏ผๆถ๏ผใ๏ผ 118,146ใจใใ ใๅ๏ผใ๏ผๅบใ 118ใจใใซใ้ณฅ่ 195,197ใจใใซใใใใใ้ณฅ่ใใใใ 206ใจใใฒใใใๅ(ใ)ๅผ(ใ)ใใ 118ใจใๅใ 112,118ใจใใซใ่ฑใซใ 197ใจใใใ่ฑๆฑ 206,208
โโใใชใโโ
ใชใ็กใ 218ใชใใๅ ็ง 72,183ใชใใใๅ ็งๅป 184ใชใใใๅ ๅค 128ใชใใใๅ ็ท 69ใชใใใใใๅ ็จ่ฅ 183,187ใชใไธญ 80ใชใใฎไธญ้ 71,80
ใชใใใไธญ้ 154ใชใใๅๅคๅฑ 58ใใชใใ็กใ 216,218ใชใคใใใฟๅคไผใฟ 24ใชใชไธ 17
ใชใชใกใใใไธไธ็ฎ 41ใชใชใคไธใค 17ใชใชใฒใใไธ็พ 17ใชใชใฒใใใใไธ็พๅ 19ใชใซใใไฝ็ท 68ใชใฎใไธๆฅ 17ใชใพใๅๅ 58ใชใใๆ็ฐ 36ใชใใใใใใๆ็ฐ็ฉบๆธฏ 129ใชใใใคไฝๆ 24,69ใชใใใใๅๆฅต 95ใชใใใๅๅฝ 95ใชใใใไฝๆญณ 59ใชใใใชใๆ 23ใชใใไฝๆ 69ใชใใใใใชใๆ้ 23ใชใใใใไฝๆ้ 27,69ใชใใใ ใใใไฝ้ฑ้ 25ใชใใจใใฎใใๅๆฑใฎ้ขจ 95ใชใใซใกใชใๆฐ 23ใชใใซใกไฝๆฅ 69ใชใใซใกใใใชใๆฅ้ 23ใชใใซใกใใไฝๆฅ้ 25ใชใใซใไฝไบบ 69ใชใใญใไฝๅนด 69ใชใใณใใไฝ็พ 19ใชใใทใไฝๅ 69ใชใใผใๅๅ 94ใชใใใใณไฝๆๆฅ 33,69
โโใใซใโโ
ใซใ 16ใซใใคไบๆ 16ใซใ่ 195,196
ใซใใ่ๅฑ 217ใซใใใใใ่ๆ็ 196ใซใ่ฅฟ 73ใซใใใ่ฅฟ้ 154ใซใใ ใใใ2้ฑ้ 23ใซใใ ใใใไบ้ฑ้ 25
ใซใใ ใใใใ25ๆญณ 59ใซใใ ใใใ20ๅ 58ใซใใใๅ 25ใซใกใๆฅๆ 27ใซใกใใใใใใๆฅๅธธไผ่ฉฑ 129ใซใกใใใณๆฅๆๆฅ 24,33ใซใกใใใฒใๆฅ็จๅ 198ใซใฃใๆฅ่จ 117ใซใฃใใๆฅ่ช 129ใซใฃใฝใๆฅๆฌ 46ใซใฐใใไบ็ช็ฎ 90ใซใปใๆฅๆฌ 46ใซใปใใๆฅๆฌ่ช 41,46ใซใปใใใใใใใคๆฅๆฌ่ชๆๅฎค 136,154ใซใปใใใๆฅๆฌๅผ 47ใซใปใใใ ใๆฅๆฌไธญ 80ใซใปใใใๆฅๆฌไบบ 82ใซใปใใพๆฅๆฌ้ 25ใซใปใใใใใๆฅๆฌๆ็ 130ใซใพใใใใไธๅ 26ใซใใค่ท็ฉ 199ใซใใฎ็ ฎ็ฉ 206ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅ้ขใใ 175ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅไผ้ 47ใซใ ใใใใใใชใๅ ฅๅญฆๆกๅ 95ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅๅญฆๅผ 41,47ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅๅญฆใใ 47ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅๅฑ ใใ 47ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅ้ใใ 47ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅๅฝใใ 47ใซใ ใใใใใๅ ฅ็คพใใ 47ใซใ ใใใใใใๅ ฅๅ ดๅธ 174ใซใใไบๅฒ 198ใซใใไบบๆฐ 145
ใซใใใไบบ้ 25,82ใซใใฆใใใ่ชๅฎใใ 116
โโใใญใโโ
ใญใฃใจใ็ฑๆนฏ 209
ใญใใใๅนด้ 36ใญใใใๅนดๅท 114ใญใใจๅนดๅบฆ 36ใญใใชใๅนดๅ 72
โโใใฎใโโ
ใฎใใๆฎใ 117ใฎใใๆฎใ 113,117ใฎใผใไธใ 71,102ใฎใผใใงใใใไธใ้ป่ป 71ใฎใฟใฟใ้ฃฒ(ใฟ)ๆฐด 208ใฎใฟใใฎ้ฃฒ(ใฟ)็ฉ 206,208ใฎใ้ฃฒใ 208
โโใใฏใโโ
ใฐใใๅ ดๅ 174ใฏใใใๆญฏๅป่ 184ใฐใใฆใๅฃฒๅบ 196ใฐใใฐใใใๅฃฒ่ฒทใใ 199ใฏใใๅ ฅใ 47ใฏใใ 126ใฏใใๅๅฃซ 176ใฏใใๅๅฃซ 173,176ใฏใใกใใ็ฝ้ณฅ 197ใฏใใถใคใใๅ็ฉ้คจ 176ใฏใใพใๅงใพใ 61ใฏใใใๅงใใ 61ใฐใใๅ ดๆ 174ใในใ ใใในไปฃ 72ใในใฆใใในๅ 103ใในใจใใใใน้ใ 62
ใฏใกๅ ซ 18ใฏใกใใคๅ ซๆ 18ใใฏใคใ็บ 102ใฏใฃใใใใ็บ้ณใใ 106ใฏใคใไบๅๆฅ 18ใฏใฃใใใใ็บ่ฆใใ 175ใฏใฃใใใใ็บ่ปใใ 106ใฏใฃใใใฐใใใ็บ่ป็ช็ท 102ใฏใฃใกใใใใใ็บ็ๆ้ 106ใฏใคใงใใใ็บ้ปๆ 106ใฏใคใฐใใณ็บๅฃฒๆฅ 196ใฏใฃใดใใๅ ซ็พ 18,19ใฏใฃใดใใใใ็บ่กจใใ 106ใฏใชใ่ฉฑ 62ใฏใชใ่ฉฑใ 62ใฏใชใณ่ฑ็ซ 34ใฏใใ้ใ 104ใฏใใใใฟๆ(ใ)่พผใฟ 188ใฏใใใใๆ(ใ)่พผใ 57ใฏใใใใจใๆ(ใ)ๆปใ 188ใฏใใๆใ 188ใใฐใใใใใใคใ็ชๆๅฎค 173ใฐใใใฟ็ช็ต 90ใฐใใใ็ชๅท 114ใฐใใใไธๅฝ 26ใฐใใใไธๆญณ 59ใใฐใใใใ็ช็ท 88ใฐใใก็ชๅฐ 90ใฏใใจใๅๅนด 27ใฏใใซใกๅๆฅ 27ใฐใใฑใไธๅ 176ใฏใใถใๅๅ 28
โโใใฒใโโ
ใฒๆฅ 24ใฒ็ซ 34ใฒใใๆฑ 42ใฒใใใใกๆฑๅฃ 88ใฒใใใใๆฑ้ 136
ใฒใใ ใๅผใๅบใ 112,113ใฒใใ ใๅผ(ใ)ๅบใ 113ใฒใใซใๆฝ๏ผใ๏ผ่ 196ใฒใๅผใ 113ใณใใๅ่ 210ใณใใ ใคใใ็พ่ก้คจ 156ใฒใใใใใใ ใ้ๅธธ้ๆฎต 129ใฒใใใใใก้ๅธธๅฃ 144,146
ใฒใใใใงใใ้ๅธธ้ป่ฉฑ 144,146ใฒใใใใซ้ๅธธใซ 144,146ใฒใใใใฎใใ้ๅธธใฎ้ 129ใฒใใใใใซ้ๅธธในใซ 146ใฒใ ใๅทฆ 144,147ใฒใ ใใใๅทฆๅด 147ใฒใ ใใฆๅทฆๆ 147ใฒใจไบบ 82ใฒใจใคไธใค 15ใฒใจใไธไบบ 15ใฒใฐใใฒใ้ๅฃฒๅ 146ใฒใณใใใๆฅๆฏ่ฐท็ท 68ใฒใใ็พ 19ใฒใใใใ็พๅ 19ใฒใใใใใณใ็พๅๅผ(ใ) 113ใฒใใใพใใใ็พไธๅ 26ใฒใใฃใใฆใ็พ่ฒจๅบ 196ใฒใใ่ฒป็จ 173,175ใณใใใใ็ ้ข 183,184ใณใใใใ็พๅฎน้ข 175ใณใใใ็ ๆฐ 183,184ใฒใใใ่กจ็ด 105ใณใใใใค็ ๅฎค 184ใฒใใใใ ใๆจๆบ 104ใณใใใซใ็ ไบบ 184ใณใใใใ็ ๅ 184ใฒใใใใ่กจ้ข 105ใฒใใ-ใใ่กจ-4 105ใฒใใ้ใ 60
โโใใตใโโ
ใตใใใชไธๅฎใช 199ใตใไธๅฏ 97ใตใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑ 80ใตใใใใไธ่ถณใใ 97ใตใใใณใใใใไปๅฑ็ ้ข 186ใถใ่ฑ 197ใถใใใ่ฑๆฑ 206,208ใตใใคใใค 16ใถใใซใ่ฑ่ 195,197ใตใใไบไบบ 16,82ใตใคใไธ้ 94,97ใตใคใๆฎ้ 102,103ใตใคใใใๆฎ้่ป 103ใตใคใใงใใใๆฎ้้ป่ป 103ใตใคใใใใๆฎ้้ ้ 114ใตใคใไบๆฅ 16,23,24ใตใจใใใใไธๅ็ฃๅฑ 216,217ใตใชใณใ่นไพฟ 127ใถใถใ้จๅ 44ใตในใใชไธไพฟใช 97ใตใใใชไธๆใช 97ใตใใใใฟใตใไผใฟ 23ใตใใใใฟๅฌไผใฟ 24ใตใใใฒใไธ็จๅ 97ใใฉใณในใใใฉใณใน่ช 46ใตใใใๆฏ(ใ๏ผ่พผใ 57ใตใใไป้ฒ 186ใตใๆ 48ใถใใๆๅ 48ใถใใใใถๆๅญฆ้จ 41,48ใถใใใคใใๅๅฒใใ 198ใถใใใคไธจใดใใๅๅฒๆใ 188ใถใใใๅ้คจ 156ใถใใใใใๆไบฌๅบ 41,48ใถใใฝใๆๆณ 189ใถใใใๆๆ 177
โโใใธใโโ
ใธใใใใใ้ไผๅผ 157
ใธใใใใใ้ไผใใ 157ใธใใใใใ้้คจใใ 157ใธใใใใใๅนณๅใใ 35ใธใใใคๅนณๆฅ 33,35ใธใใใใใจใใๅนณๅธธ้ใ 129ใธใใใๅนณๆ 33,36ใธใใฆใใใใ้ๅบๆ้ 196ใธใใใ้้ 154ใธใใใใใใ้้ๆ้ 157
ใธใใๅนณๅ 207ในใฃใใๅฅ้คจ 156ใธใ้จๅฑ 44,217ใธใใใใจใจใๅคๆดๅฑ 177ใธใใใใ่ฟไบใใ 96ในใใจใๅผๅฝ 206ในใใใชไพฟๅฉใช 127
โโใใปใโโ
ใปใใใใไฟ่ฒๅ 185ใใปใใๅ 183ใปใใใใถๆณๅญฆ้จ 189ใปใใใๆน่จ 89ใปใใใๆนๅ 89ใผใใญใใใๅฟๅนดไผ 36ใปใใปใๆนๆณ 189ใปใใใใใๆณๅ็ 165ใใปใใใใๆน้ข 88,89ใปใใใคๆณๅพ 189ใใผใ 88ใปใใถๅ้จ 94ใปใในใๅ็ฑณ 94,126ใปใใไฟ้บ 185ใปใใใใไฟๅฅๆ 185ใปใใใใใไฟ้บ่จผ 183,185ใปใใใใๆญฉ่ก่ 136,137ใปใใใใใคใใๆญฉ่ก่ ้่ทฏ 136ใปใใใใใฆใใใๆญฉ่ก่ ็ญๅฝ 137ใปใใใกใ ใๆญฉ่กไธญ 136ใปใใใใใไฟ่จผๆธ 185
ใปใใใใใไฟ่จผใใ 115ใปใใใใซใไฟ่จผไบบ 185ใใฟใณ 112ใปใฃใใใจใๅๆตท้ 94ใปใจใๆญฉ้ 136,137ใปใใตใๆญฉใๅ 216ใปใๆฌ 46ใปใใใๆฌ้คจ 156ใปใใใๆฌ้ 41ใปใใใใใใกใใใๆฌ้ไธไธ็ฎ 68ใปใใใคๆฌๆฅ 46ใปใใใคใใ ใใใใๆฌๆฅไผๆฅญ 200ใปใใ ใใๆฌ็ฐใใ 71ใปใใฆใๆฌๅบ 196ใปใใซใๆฌไบบ 82ใปใใถๆฌ้จ 46,154
โโใใพใโโ
ใใผใใผใจใใต 206ใพใใใๆฏๅ 183,189ใพใใใ ใๆฏ้ฑ 25,189ใพใใใใๆฏ้ฃ 183,189ใพใใคใๆฏๆ 189ใพใใจใๆฏๅนด 189ใพใใซใกๆฏๆฅ 189ใพใใซใกใใใถใๆฏๆฅๆฐ่ 189ใพใใญใๆฏๅนด 189ใพใๅ 26ใพใใฐๅๆญฏ 184ใพใกใใใ 113ใพใคใ็ฅญ(ใ) 37ใพใจใใก็ชๅฃ 88ใพใจใ้ๅ๏ผใ๏ผ 118,216ใพใชใใๅญใใ 42ใพใไธธ 72ใพใใไธธใ 72ใพใใฎใใกใใไธธใๅ ็ท 68,69ใพใใๅใ 83ใพใใๅใ 83
โโใใฟใโโ
ใฟใไธๆจ 41ใฟใๅณ 144,147ใฟใใใๅณๅด 147ใฟใใฆๅณๆ 147ใฟใๆฐด 34ใฟใๅบ 195,196ใฟใใใใฟใๆฑ 206,208
ใฟใ ใ่ฆๅบใ 175ใฟใใใไธ็ฐ็ท 68,71ใฟใก้ 136,137ใฟใฃใไธๆฅ 16,23ใฟใฃใใถใไธๆฅๅ 28
ใฟใฃใใถใ3ๆฅๅ 183ใฟใฃใใพใไธๆฅๅ 26ใฟใฃใคไธใค 16ใฟใฆใๆชๅฎ 56ใฟใจใใ่ชใใ 116ใฟใชใฟๅ 95ใฟใชใฟใขใกใชใซๅใขใกใชใซ 95ใฟใชใฟใใกๅๅฃ 94,95ใฟใปใ่ฆๆฌ 175ใฟใใๅ็ฃ 185ใฟใ่ฆใ 175
โโใใใโโ
ใใใๅ ญๆฅ 17ใใใใใๅ ญๆฅ้ 23ใใใฐ่ซๆญฏ 184ใใใใ็ก่ท 218ใใใใฟใฏใทใผ็ก็ทใฟใฏใทใผ๏ผ 9,218ใใฃใคๅ ญใค 17ใใใใ็กๆ 218
โโใใใโโ
ใ็ฎ 49ใใใใๅๆก 95ใใใๅๅบ 58ใใใใๅๆ 61ใใใใใๅ็งฐ 55ใใใใๅไบบ 58ใใใ็ฎไธ 49ใใใใ็ฎ่ฅ 187ใใใ็ฎไธ 49ใใ้ข 89ใใใใใใ้ขไผใใ 89
ใใใใ้ข็ฉ 89ใใใใคใใ้ขๆฅใใ 89
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใใฟใใ็ณ่พผๆธ 55,57ใใใใใ็ณ(ใ)่พผใ 57ใใใ็ณใ 57ใใใ็ฎๆฌก 49ใใใใๆจ้ 34ใใใใใขใซใฟใซๆจ้ ใขใซใฟใซ 216ใใใฆใ็ฎ็ 49ใใใใใณๆจๆๆฅ 33,34ใใๆๅญ 48ใใกใใ็จใใ 60ใใฎ่ 137ใใฎ็ฉ 195,199ใใ้ 156ใใใใ้้ 156ใใใถใใใใใใๆ้จ็งๅญฆ็ 48
โโใใใโโ
ใใใๅ ซ็พๅฑ 217ใใใใใช็ผ้ญ 198,206ใใใจใ็ผ้ณฅ 197ใใใซใ็ผ่ 196,206ใใใถใ็ผ่ฑ 197ใใใ็ดใ 209
ใใใใ่ฅๅญฆ 187ใใใใใใ็ดๆฟใใ 209ใใใฒใ่ฅๅ 187ใใใๅฎใ 195,199ใใใใๅฎๅฃณใ 199ใใใใชใๅฎใใชใ 195ใใใฟไผใฟ 24ใใใไผใ 24ใใฃใใใ่ฅๅฑ 183,187ใใฃใคๅ ซใค 18ใใพๅฑฑ 80
ใใพใ ใใๅฑฑ็ฐใใ 80ใใพใฎใฆใใๅฑฑๆ็ท 70,79,80ใใพใใจใใใใ ใใใคๅฑฑๆฌ็ ็ฉถๅฎค 173ใใพใใจใใๅฑฑๆฌใใ 46
โโใใใโโ
ใๆนฏ 206,209ใใใๆนฏ 209ใใใใใฟๆน 89ใใใใๆๅน 55ใใใใใใใๆๅนๆ้ 217ใใใใใใใๆๅนๆ้ 217ใใใใใใฟ้ฃ 183ใใใใใใๅชๅ ๅธญ 210ใใใใใใใ้ต้ๆ 126ใใใณใ้ตไพฟ 126,127ใใใณใใใ้ตไพฟๅใ 186ใใใณใใใใ้ตไพฟๅฑ 126,127ใใใณใใฐใใใ้ตไพฟ็ชๅท 126ใใใณใใถใค้ตไพฟ็ฉ 126ใใใณใใใใใใ้ตไพฟๆ้ 126,130ใใใใใชๆๅใช 58,217ใใใใใกใใใใๆๆฅฝ็บ็ท 217ใใใใใๆๆ 217ใใใใ่ก๏ผใ๏ผ 79,83ใใใใ่กใๅ 83ใใ่กใ 83ใใใ ใคใใ่ผธๅบใใ 89
ใใซใ ใใใ่ผธๅ ฅใใ 47
โโใใใโโ
ใใ็จ 60ใใใใใ็จๆใใ 139ใใใๅ ซๆฅ 18ใใใ็จ็ด 60ใใใ็จไบ 96,136ใใใใๆงๅผ 130ใใใใๆดๅผ 207
ใใใใคๆดๅฎค 207,216ใใใใๆดๆธ 207ใใใใใๆด้ฃ 206,207ใใใตใๆดๆ 207ใใใปใ็จๆณ 183,189ใใใๅๅ 16ใใใใใ้ ้ใใ 114ใใใใคๆตดๅฎค 164,216ใใใกใใๆจชไธ 48ใใใฏใพใใคใใชใใธๆจชๆตในใคใใชใใธ 173ใใใไบ็ฎ 209ใใๅๆ 16ใใใ ใใใไบ็ฟใใ 209ใใฃใๅๆฅ 16ใใฃใใใๅๆฅ้ 23ใใฃใคๅใค 16ใใคใๅใ่ฐท 79,88ใใฆใไบๅฎ 209ใใฆใใฒใใไบๅฎ่กจ 209ใใณไบๅ 210ใใณใใไบๅๆ ก 210ใใใไบ็ด 206ใใใใใไบ็ดใใ 209ใใใใใไบ็ดๅธญ 206,210ใใใไปฃใ ๆจ 72,79ใใๅ 16ใใใใๅ้ 163ใใใใใๅๅ็ฎ 83ใใใใใคๅใๆ 24
ใใใฒใใๅ็พ 16,19ใใใฒใใใใใ ใใใๅ็พไบๅๅ 15ใใใฒใใใใใใ ใใใๅ็พๅ ญๅๅ 15ใใใถใๅๅ 28
โโใใใโโ
ใฉใผใกใณ 15ใใใใคๆฅๆ 186ใใใใ ใๆฅ้ฑ 25,186ใใใญใๆฅๅนด 186
โโใใใโโ
ใใใๅๅฃซ 176ใใใ ใใใใใจใจใๅฑฅไฟฎ็ง็ฎๅฑ 173,177ใใฃใใใใใผใใใผ็ซ้ฃใใผใใฃใผ 138ใใ ใใใใใ็ๅญฆใใ 43ใใ ใใใใใ็ๅญฆ็ 41,43ใใ ใใใใใใปใณใฟใผ็ๅญฆ็ใปใณใฟใผ 154ใใใใใๆ้ 79,130ใใใใใๅฉ็จ่ 60ใใใใๆ ้คจ 156ใใใใๆ ๅธ 56ใใใใใใๆ ่กโใ 83
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใ็คผ้ 35,216ใใใใๅทๆฐด 34,206ใใใ ใ๏ผใผใ๏ผๅทๆ๏ผๆฟ๏ผ 216ใใใใ ใ้ฃไผ 81ใใใใ้ฃ็ตก 79ใใใใใใ้ฃ็ตก้ง 81ใใใใใใก้ฃ็ตกใญ 81ใใใใใใ้ฃ็ตกๅ 45,81ใใใใใใ้ฃ็ตกใใ 81ใใใใใคใใ้ฃ็ตก้่ทฏ 81
โโใใใโโ
ใใๅ ญ 17ใใใใคๅ ญๆ 17ใใใใใใๅ ญๅท่ป 114ใใใๅ ญๆ 27ใใใใใใฏใ6ๆ้ๅ 23ใใใใใใใซใใคใถใใซ6ๆ้40ๅ 23ใใใใใไธใใใใคใถใใ6ๆ้40ๅ 23ใใใใใฃใทใ6ๆ10ๅ 23ใใใใใ ใฃใทใ6ๆ10ๅ 23ใใใใ ใๅ ญๅ 17ใใฃใดใใๅ ญ็พ 19ใใฃใดใใใใใใ ใใใๅ ญ็พไธๅๅ 15ใใฃใทใๅ ญๅ 17
ใใฃใฝใใๅ ญๆฌๆจ 34,55,68ใญใณใใณใ ใใใใญใณใใณๅคงๅญฆ 173ใใใถใ่ซๆ 48
โโใใใโโ
ใใใใใฆใๅ่ฑ่พๅ ธ 207ใใใใฎ่ฅ่ 137ใใใๅ๏ผใ๏ผใ 28ใใใๅใใ 28ใใใคๅๅฎค 207,216ใใใใๅ้ฃ 206,207ใใใใใฎๅฟใ็ฉ 199ใใ ใ่ฉฑ้ก 62ใใฆใใใใๅๅฎ้ฃ 206,207ใใตใๅ้ขจ 207ใใใใๅฒๅ 198ใใใณใๅฒ(ใ)ๅผใ 198ใใๅฒใ 198
