25 ZTE IP RAN Introduction (Slide)

1

ZTE IP RAN IntroductionZTE IP RAN Introduction

Name:

E-mail:UMTS Product Planning & System Dept.ZTE Product R&D System

Name:

E-mail:UMTS Product Planning & System Dept.ZTE Product R&D System

Requirement Analysis

ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study


ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study

2

3

GSMGSMUMTS

R99/R4

UMTSR99/R4

HSPAR5/R6

HSPAR5/R6

HSPA+R7/R8

HSPA+R7/R8

LTER8/R9

LTER8/R9

Year

DL throughput

2001-2 2003-5 2006-8 2009-10 After 2010

64-144kbps 384kbps 14Mbps 40Mbps 100Mbps & higher

Service and Technology Trends

Non-voice service explosion

Radio technology acceleration

2G2G

3G3G

3.5G3.5G3.75G3.75G

3.9G3.9G

ARPU trend of European operatorsARPU trend of European operators

4

Higher

Stronger

Development of Bearing Network

PerformanceBandwidthData abilityTransmission efficiency

TCONetworkingInvestmentDeployment

EvolutionExpansion & relocationUp to date technology

ConvenienceOperation and maintenanceCustomized service

Broader

Faster

Lower

More flexible

Smoother

Easier

Richer

Simpler

IPATM

TDM

3

5

IP Core

MSCSMGW CSCF

MRF

GGSN MGCFHSS

IMSIMS

IP UTRAN IP GERAN

SGSN

IP Iub interface

IP Iu interface

IP Iur interface

IP A interface

IP Gb interface

IP Abis interface

All IP is striding into

RAN from CN

All-IP Era is coming

6

3GPP Iub Specification

Node B Application Part

(NBAP)

AAL2

Transport Layer

Physical Layer

Radio Network Layer

Radio NetworkControl Plane

Transport Network

Control Plane

DC

H FP

RA

CH

FP

ATM

AAL5

User Plane

SSCF-UNI

SSCOP

AAL 5

SSCF-UNI

SSCOP

Q.2630.2

Q.2150.2

FAC

H F

P

PC

H F

P

Data Link Layer

IP

SCTP

ATM ATM Data Link Layer

IP

UDP

ALCAP

HS

-DS

CH

FP

TD

D D

SCH

FP

US

CH

FP

TFC

I2 FP

E-D

CH

FP

For ATM For IP

4

7

3GPP IuCS Specification

A A L 2

U D P / IP

R T P / R T C P * )

D a t a L i n k A T M A T M D a t a L i n k

M 3 U A

Q . 2 6 3 0 .2

R A N A P I u U P P r o t o c o l L a y e r

T r a n s p o r t N e t w o r k

L a y e r

P h y s i c a l L a y e r

T r a n s p o r tU s e r

N e t w o r k P l a n e

C o n t r o l P l a n e U s e r P l a n e

T r a n s p o r tU s e r

N e t w o r k P l a n e

T r a n s p o r t N e t w o r k C o n t r o l P l a n e

R a d i o N e t w o r k

L a y e r

S S C O P

A A L 5

S S C O P

S S C F -N N I

A A L 5

M T P 3 bM T P 3 b

S C C P

S S C F -N N I

I P

S C T P

A T M

Q . 2 1 5 0 .1

* ) R T C P i s o p t i o n a l .

For IP

8

3GPP IuPS Specification

IP S S C O P

A A L 5

SC T P

M T P 3 -B M 3 U A

SC C P

M 3 U A

R A N A P Iu U P P r o t oc o l L a yer

Tra

nspo

rt N

etw

ork

Lay

er

P h y s ic a l L a y e r

T ra n s p o rt U s e r

N e t w o r kP la n e

C o n tro l P l an e U s er P l an e

T r a n s p o rtU s e r

N et w o rkP l an e

T ra n s p o r t N e tw o rk

C o n t ro l P la n e

Rad

io N

etw

ork

Lay

er

A A L5

IP

U D P

G T P-U

P h y s ic a l L ay e r

A T M D a ta Li nk

IP

S C T P

D a t a L in k A T M

IP

U D P

G T P-U S S C F-N N I

For IP

5


ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study


ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study

10

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

ZTE IP RAN SolutionZTE IP RAN Solution

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11

ZTE Unified All-IP Hardware Platform

GSM

UMTS

TD-SCDMA

CDMA

WiMAX

GSM

UMTSCDMA

TD-SCDMA

All-IP PlatformAll-IP PlatformWiMAX

SAE

LTE

Since 2007 Since 2007

One RadioPlatform

One RadioPlatform

Since 2004 Since 2004

One SwitchingPlatform

One SwitchingPlatform

Switching platform: MSCS/MGW/SGSN/GGSN/HLR/BSC/RNC

Radio platform: GSM/UMTS/G+U/G+U+L

12

RNC Physical Interface for IP Support

FE/GE STM-1/STM-4 E1/T1/CSTM-1

FE/GE STM-1/STM-4 E1/T1/CSTM-1

IP over E1/T1 IP over Fractional

E1/T1 IP over CSTM-1

IP over STM-1/ STM-4

IPv6 Support10GE port

High capacity High capacity High throughput High throughput High integration High integration

7

13

Node B Physical Interface for IP Support

Native IP

IPoE1

2G/3G co-transmission

ZTE SDR Series, All-IP SupportedZTE SDR Series, AllZTE SDR Series, All--IP SupportedIP Supported

FE E1/T1GESTM-1

BS8900

B8200

BS8800BS8906

G900/U900G900/U900 UMTS2100UMTS2100

1*FE/GE1*FE/GE

14

ZTE GSM/UMTS IP RAN Feature Development

IP Header Compression DiffServ VLAN QoS based Route IEEE 1588v2

(Frequency)

DHCP (Node B) SLA Monitor BFD

IEEE 802.1ag CAC on IuPS Dynamic IP Route

UDP-MUX on Iub RTP-MUX on IuCS Path Protection P2

Multi Path Sync. Ethernet

(RNC) IEEE 1588v2 (Time)

DHCP (RNC) IEEE 802.3ah SLA-PM based CAC LACP (RNC) Path Protection P1

Dual Path ACL Sync. Ethernet

(Node B)

Enhanced IP Abis Flex A Flex GbML-PPPMC-PPP Diffserv IP Abis via Satellite

L3 dual homing IEEE 802.3ad RTP Mux on AoIP A over IP BSS Local Switch DHCP PPP

authenticationMPLS E-LMI (BTS) Flex Abis

• E-LMI (BSC)

VLAN BFD CAC based on

transmission (Abis) IP SLA IP Shaping ARP checking L2 dual homing

IEEE1588v2 (Frequency)

GSM

UMTSMPLS IPv6 Support E-LMI IP Security

09Q1 10Q409Q4 1110Q2

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15


RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

16

General IP RAN Topology

IP/MSTPTransmission

RNC/BSCFE

All IPAll IP

HybridHybrid

RNC/BSC

PDH/SDH Backbone

FE

E1/T1/STM-1

E1/T1/STM-1

E1/T1/STM-1

FE/GE

FE/GE

MSCS/MGW

SGSN/GGSN

IP/MSTPBackbone

FE/GE

FE/GE FE/GE

FE/GE

All IP & hybrid available for all interfaces

2G/3G transmission sharing & differentiation

CS/PS differentiation

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17

L3 Switch/Router for BSC/RNC

Broadcast separation of the BSC/RNC from the transmission network

Independent port number of the transmission network and the BSC/RNC enabling independent capacity expansion

Reuse of existing GE link between the switch and the transmission network in case of IP Abis after IP Iub

Easy re-parenting of the BTS/Node B from one BSC/RNC to another

Adaptable for flat architecture

IP TransmissionIP Transmission

BTS/Node B

BSC

RNC

GE

GE

GE

L3 switch

L2 switch

L2 switch

18

Flex A/Gb/Iu with IP Transmission

TDMTDMTDMMore transmission requiredHigh implementation costComplex networking IPIPIP

Less transmission requiredLow implementation costSimple networking

IP makes it more feasible.

CN

BSC/RNC

CN CN

BSC/RNC BSC/RNC

CN

BSC/RNC

CN CN

BSC/RNC BSC/RNC

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19

IP over E1 Efficiency at Iub

92.1%7.9%1108MLPPP28UDP/IP

93.2%6.8%948MLPPP28UDP/IP

76.2%23.8%508MLPPP28UDP/IP

79.6%20.4%418MLPPP28UDP/IP

42.7%57.3%438MLPPP28UDP/IP

79.6%20.4%4120ATM16AAL2

5160CS 64k

89.9%10.1%188MLPPP5cUDP

69.3%30.7%7138Ethernet28UDP/IP

78.4%21.6%353155ATM124AAL2

741280HSUPA

93.6%6.4%878MLPPP5cUDP


79.4%20.6%333155ATM120AAL2

581280HSDPA

94.7%5.3%718MLPPP5cUDP



85.6%14.4%278MLPPP5cUDP

61.5%38.5%208MLPPP5cUDP


76.2%23.8%5020ATM16AAL2

14160PS 64k

66.7%33.3%165ATM4AAL2

732CS 12.2k

Transmission efficiency

Overhead ratio

Overall overheadTransport layer overhead

RLC/MAC/FP overheadPayload

Traffic type

20

IP over E1 vs. ATM over E1

IMAML-PPPReliability

YesInvestment protection

Link clock availableClock

Complex ATM configurationSimple PPP configurationO&M

ATM QoS mechanismMC-PPPQoS guarantee

ATM over E1IP over E1

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21


RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

22

Mode Frequency Accuracy

Requirement

Time Synchronization

Requirement

GSM +/-0.05ppm N/A

WCDMA +/-0.05ppm N/A

（Source: 3GPP TS 25.104, 25.402, GSM 05.02）

Period Frequency Accuracy

First 24 hours +/-0.01ppm

First 7 days +/-0.015ppm

First 1 month +/-0.02ppm

Accuracy requirement

Self-oscillation accuracy of ZTE RAN equipment

Clock Accuracy

12

2323

ZTE Synchronization Implementation

RNC

NodeB

Access Aggregation

Receiver

PSN

Time tree

BITS

PSN

PSN

External Clock: 2M bits & 2M Hz

Sync Ethernet

Use PHY clock from bit stream (similar to SDH/PDH)

Independent from network loadOnly deliver frequency but not phase

Excellent SDH/PDH replacement solution

IEEE 1588V2

Clock is transmitted via dedicated timing packets

Can deliver frequency and phase (FDD/TDD)Works over any transport technology

Deliver frequency and time

Not always viable and not secure

Expensive oscillator required

GPS Receiver

Expensive oscillator required

24

Master Clock Selection

OMC configurable

Manual switch of master clock

Automatic switch of master clock

Manual reset of master clock

Automatic reset of master clock

13

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RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

26

QoS Management in IP RAN

DiffServ

MLPPP/MCPPP

E1

802.1Q/P

FE/GETNL

IP

QoS DifferentiationRNL

BSS/RNS

QoS parameters from CN

QoS configuration at OMC

Traffic data from/to CN

Traffic data from/to MS

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27

Flow Classification & Mapping to TNL

Configurable mapping according to respective parameters for 2G and 3G

User priority (ARP)

Traffic class

Basic priority (1~15)C

C

DSCP (COS)

Traffic priority (THP)

Control Plane

Management Plane

User Plane

C

Bearer Type (R99/HSPA/MBMS)

C

From CN

Configurable at OMC

28

DSCP & COS Application

EF (Expedited Forwarding)5101110Clock over IP (PTP)

Best effort0000000O&M

AF22(Class2, Med Drop)20101002G PS

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)41001002G CS

EF (Expedited Forwarding)51011102G Signaling

Best effort0000000HSPA Background

AF23(Class2, High Drop)2010110HSPA Interactive

AF43(Class4, High Drop)4100110HSPA Streaming

AF43(Class4, High Drop)4100110HSPA Conversational

Best effort0000000R99 Background

AF22(Class2, Med Drop)2010100R99 Interactive

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)4100100R99 Streaming

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)4100100R99 Conversational

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)4100100RRC Connection

EF (Expedited Forwarding)5101110Iub Common Transport Channel

EF (Expedited Forwarding)5101110Iub NBAP Signaling

PHBCOSDSCPTraffic Type

Configurable mapping between DSCP and COS

15

29

QoS Requirement to IP Bearer Network (SLA)

<0.05 %<6 ms<10 msIP Iu-CS

<0.05 %<7 ms<20 msIP Iub/Iur

<0.05 %<6 ms<10 msIP Gb

InterfacePacket Delay

(One-way)Packet Delay Jitter Packet Loss Rate

IP Abis <20 ms <10ms <1%

IP A <10 ms <6 ms <0.05 %

IP Iu-PS <10 ms <6 ms <0.05 %

30

CAC Rule

Traffic Reserved Bandwidth Fixed/

Adjustable

Common channelCalculated bandwidth according to number of

PCH and FACHFixed

Signaling radio bearer Bit rate of SRB + transport layer overhead Fixed

Conversational[Maximum bit rate] of RAB + transport layer

overhead

Adjustable

(activity factor )

Streaming[Guaranteed bit rate] of RAB + transport layer

overheadFixed

Interactive/

background

Pseudo-GBR (configurable) + transport layer

overhead

Adjustable

(priority based)

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31

QoS Based Routing

Real time service over E1 (IPoE1)

Node B/BTS

RNC/BSC

E1

Ethernet

IP RAN

Non real time service over Ethernet

Routing based on DSCP

Call balancing between routes

Without VPN

With VPN

Mixed IPoE1 & Ethernet

All Ethernet

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Overbooking

Total bandwidth

Allowable allocation

CS

PS

PS

CS

Overbooking

Higher traffic capacity, higher bandwidth efficiency

PS

PS

17

33

Dynamic Bandwidth Adjustment

CS

PS

Dynamic adjustment

PS

CS

CS

PS

PS

CS

Link broken

Poor performance

Real time monitoring, real time adaptation

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RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

18

35

Reliability of IP RAN

Networking redundancy 2G/3G backup Iu/A/Gb flex

Board redundancy Processing board redundancy Interface board redundancy

Path protection L2 dual homing L3 dual homing Link aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)

36

L2 Dual Homing

Master-standby: Two FE/GE ports, one IP/MAC address

BTS/Node B

BSC/RNC

GIPI(S)

IP: 10.1.1.1/24MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:0A

IP: 10.1.1.254/24MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:DD

L2 switch

L2 switchGIPI(M)

19

37

L3 Dual Homing

BTS/Node B

BSC/RNC

GIPI

IP: 10.1.1.1/24MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:0A

IP: 10.1.2.1/30MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:DD

L3 switch

L3 switch

GIPI

IP: 10.1.2.5/30MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:D0

Load sharing: Two FE/GE ports, two IP addresses

IP: 10.1.1.2/24MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:1A

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RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

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39

Security for IP RAN

Security threat Unauthorized access Loss or corruption of information Broadcast storm

Security operation Access control list (ACL) for protection of network elements IPSec in case public transmission network is used for Iub/Abis VLAN tagging for network separation and broadcast suppression

40

BTS/Node B side: Lower number of BS sites in one VLAN means

higher security.

BSC/RNC side: L3 switch, instead of BSC/RNC, used for VLAN tagging

Redundancy: Multiple VLAN with different routes

VLAN Configuration Recommendation

Node BNode B

VLAN RNCRNC

Node BNode B

VLANnVLAN1

RNCRNC

……

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RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM

42

OAM for IP RAN

Link monitoring IEEE 802.3ah: Ethernet link check (P2P) IEEE 802.1ag: Ethernet link check (E2E) BFD: IP connectivity check

SLA monitoring Performance management

Ethernet performance management IP performance management

IP TransmissionIP Transmission

BTS/Node B

BSC

CN

RNC

22

43

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

BTS/Node BBTS/Node B BSC/RNCBSC/RNC

Static route based BFDStatic route based BFD

Explicit BFDExplicit BFD

44

SLA Monitoring

IP SLA monitoring functionality Network availability monitoring IP SLA based CAC Troubleshooting

IP SLA monitoring method Continuous UDP echo Continuous ICMP echo

IP SLA monitoring initiation Instant test Performance test

CNCN

BTS/Node BBTS/Node B RNCRNC

BSCBSC UDP echoICMP echo

Depends on the subscribed bandwidth

e.g. 100Mbps

Execute the above procedure with configured frequency and packet size, calculate the data rate of received packets. Then change the frequency and packet size to get the maximum bandwidth.

Available bandwidth

Less than 0.05%Repeat the above procedure periodically, count the number of sent packets and received packets, then get the packet loss ratio.

Packet loss ratio

Less than 7msRepeat the above procedure periodically, and then get the delay jitter.Delay jitter

Less than 20ms1.RNC sends UDP packets with sequence number and timestamp to Node B.2.Node B loops back the UDP packets.3.RNC receives the looped UDP packets and calculates the round trip delay.

Delay

Expected resultTest ProcedureTest Item

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ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study


ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study

46

46

BSC/RNC

Core NetworkCore Network

ZTE MSCS/MGW

HLR

ZTE VAS PlatformZTE VAS Platform

Existing VAS PlatformExisting VAS Platform

CSL NewNetwork

2G/3G OSS GSM 900/1800M

UMTS 2.1G/900M

GSM 900/1800M

GSM 1800M

UMTS 2.1G

CSLNetwork

NWMNetwork

2G OSSVAS

SGSN

MSCS

HLR

3G OSS2G OSS

CNTDM Network

SGSN

MSCS

HLR

TDM NetworkCN

Iub

Abis

IPNetwork

High Power Consumption

Difficult Evolution

Expensive Transmission

Revolution of CSL Mobile Network

24

4747

RAN Synchronization Solution

Primary clock reference: GPS

Secondary clock reference for RNC: via fiber from MGW

Secondary clock reference for iBSC: via E1 from MSCs

Indoor

Primary clock reference: IP Clock

Primary clock reference: E1 / T1

Outdoor

Primary clock reference: GPS

Secondary clock reference: IP Clock

FE

E1/T1

BTS/Node B

iBSC/RNC

48

GPS ControllerGPS Controller

RNC #1

RNC #2

BSC #1

BSC #2

GPS transmit Antenna

GPS Antenna

On rooftop

Power Input

Primary Clock Reference for RNC/iBSC

GPS is set as the primary clock resource for RNC/iBSC in CSL Network.

GPS receiver sub card is integrated into clock sync board: ICM.

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49

Network Architecture

IP network architecture with L2 service providers of CSL

L3 switch (CISCO 6513) is provided to aggregation and route.

Every road leads to Rome: reliable transmission mechanism

5050

Downlink

uplink

Iub/Abis Link Redundancy

RedundancyScheme

L3 Dual-homing

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Automatic re-routing

Automatic re-routing

iBSC/RNC

65136513

BTS/Node B

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51

Iub/Abis L2 Network Security

L2 Domain

L2 Domain

Node B/BTSsite

Node B/BTSsite

RAN 6513

RAN 6513

Core room BMI

RAN 6513

RAN 6513

Core room BPO

FE

FE

GE

GE

GE

GENode B/BTS

site

Node B/BTSsite

GE

GE

GE

FE

FE

40~60sites

40~60sites

L2 Domain completely isolated from each other

Each site connects one L2 Domain

Each L2 domain connects all 4 aggregation switches

52

VLAN Tagging Ensuring Network Security

L2 Domain

Node B/BTSsite

Node B/BTSsite

RAN 6513

RAN 6513

Core room BMI

RAN 6513

RAN 6513

Core room BPO

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

VLAN ID: 12 + 112

VLAN ID: 12 + 112

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

VLAN ID: 11 + 111+12+112

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

VLAN ID: 12 + 112

VLAN ID: 11 + 111+12+112

VLAN tagging is applied in Iub Ethernet transport; all Iub packets contain VLAN tagging.

Due to VLAN applied, not only L2 loop is avoided, but also traffic can be distributed to multiple GE links to achieve load balancing.

27

53

SDR 1

RNC

GE

SDR 2

BSC

RAN 6513

ZTE 2818S

GE

GE

FE

FEFE

Ethernet SP

DSCP

DSCP -> COS

COS

DSCP & COS

COS

COS

IP QoS Implementation

54

Site NetworkingSite A Site B

ZXR10 2818S

SDR(3G 2100M)

SDR (2G 900M/1800M,

3G 900M)

ZXMW IDU

Traffic: 10.9.11.1/24O&M: 10.9.111.41/24

3G Traffic: 10.9.11.101/242G Traffic: 10.10.111.21/24O&M: 10.9.111.141/24

O&M: 10.9.111.81/24

O&M 1: 10.9.11.201/24O&M 2: 10.9.11.202/24

ZXMW IDU

O&M 1: 10.9.210.1/29O&M 2: 10.9.210.2/29

ZXR10 2818S

SDR(3G 2100M)

SDR (2G 900M/1800M,

3G 900M)

Traffic: 10.9.11.2/24O&M: 10.9.111.42/24

O&M: 10.9.111.82/24

ZXMW IDU

O&M 1: 10.9.11.203/24O&M 2: 10.9.11.204/24

Site C

ZXMW IDU

O&M 1: 10.9.210.9/29O&M 2: 10.9.210.10/29 ZXR10 2818S

SDR(3G 2100M)

SDR (2G 900M/1800M,

3G 900M)

Traffic: 10.9.11.3/24O&M: 10.9.111.43/24

O&M: 10.9.111.83/24

Service ProviderNetwork

Site D

ZXMW IDU

O&M 1: 10.9.210.17/29O&M 2: 10.9.210.18/29

SDR(3G 2100M/900M)

Traffic: 10.9.11.4/24O&M: 10.9.111.44/24

ZXMW IDU

O&M 1: 10.9.210.11/29O&M 2: 10.9.210.12/29



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55

Summary

Rich interface

High performance

Universal platform

Flexible networking

25 ZTE IP RAN Introduction (Slide)

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