25 de ani de Web
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25 de ani de Web
o istori(sir)e aproape 100% personală
Dr. Sabin Buraga
www.purl.org/net/busaco @busaco4web
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precursori
“consider a future device for individual use,
which is sort of mechanized private file and library”
As We May Think – Vannevar Bush (1945)
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precursori
oNLine System (NLS)
prototip conceput în 1964—1978 de Douglas Engelbart
pe baza ideilor din Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual
Framework (1962) ce implementează hipermedia
http://www.dougengelbart.org/library/demos.html
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precursori
Augment(Douglas Engelbart, 1968)
interfaţă grafică, ferestre pe ecran,
hipertext, procesor de texte, e-mail,
teleconferinţe, script-uri, mouse
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precursori
hipertext
“material scris sau grafic interconectat
într-o manieră complexă care în mod convenţional
nu poate fi reprezentat pe hârtie”
Ted Nelson (1965)
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precursori
ARPANET
reţea de 4 calculatoare instituită în 1969 în cadrul
ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
iniţiativă plecând de la idei ale lui Paul Baran (1962),
Leonard Kleinrock (1961) & John Licklider
(Man-computer symbiosis, 1960; Libraries of the future, 1965;
The computer as communication device, 1968)
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precursori
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precursori
Ray Tomlinson (1972)
scrie primul program de poştă electronică
+
stabileşte ca simbolul @ să fie separator
între numele căsuţei poştale şi adresa gazdei
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precursori
Vincent Cerf & Robert Hahn (1974)
propun protocolul de comunicare
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
ce asigură independenţa de platformă
în 1978 devine suita de protocoale TCP/IP
standardizată via documentele RFC (Request For Comments)
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precursori
„Computer Lib made the outrageous
claim in 1974 that personal computing,
computer graphics, interaction & hypertext
would fuse into an oncoming wave
that would revolutionize the world.”
Ted Nelson
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precursori
ENQUIRE
program scris în 1980 pentru CERN (Conseil Européen
pour la Recherche Nucléaire) de Tim Berners-Lee
permite realizarea de legături între noduri (resurse)
www.w3.org/History/1980/Enquire/
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precursori
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precursori
SGML – Standard Generalized Markup Language
meta-limbaj de marcare standardizat în 1986 – ISO 8879
pe baza GML creat în 1969—1970 la IBM de
Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher & Raymond Lorie
www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm
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precursori
primele domenii Internet comerciale
www.whois.com/oldest/
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web
World Wide Web
propus de Tim Berners-Lee în 1989 la CERN, Elveţia
Information Management: A Proposal
www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html
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web
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web
World Wide Web
bazat pe modelul client/server + hipermedia
serviciu Internet
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web
WorldWideWeb
primul browser implementat de Tim Berners-Lee (1990)
www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb.html
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web
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alt.hypertext – 6 august 1991
Tim Berners Lee: WorldWideWeb: Summary
[…]
WorldWideWeb - Executive Summary
The WWW project merges the techniques of information retrieval and hypertext to
make an easy but powerful global information system.
The project started with the philosophy that much academic information should
be freely available to anyone. It aims to allow information sharing within
internationally dispersed teams, and the dissemination of information by
support groups.
[...]
Documentation is readable using www (Plain text of the instalation instructions
is included in the tar file!). Document
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
is as good a place to start as any. Note these coordinates may change with
later releases.
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web
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web
HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTP 0.9 (1991), HTTP 1.0 (1996), HTTP 1.1 (1997)
protocol fiabil bazat pe TCP
din echipă fac parte Dave Raggett & Roy Fielding
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webprimul server Web
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web
HTML – HyperText Markup Language
limbaj de marcare a documentelor (paginilor) Web
descendent al SGML
autori: Tim Berners-Lee & Dan Connolly (1991—1992)
www.w3.org/MarkUp/draft-ietf-iiir-html-01.txt
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web
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web
Mosaic
primul navigator Web modern, cu interfaţă grafică,
oferit liber din ianuarie 1993
de Marc Andreessen & Eric Bina
(NCSA – National Center for Supercomputing Applications)
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web
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web
WebCrawler
primul motor de căutare a resurselor Web
bazat pe explorarea legăturilor hipertext
implementat de Brian Pinkerton (aprilie 1994)
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web
WWW94
First International Conference on the World-Wide Web
May 25-26-27 1994, CERN, Geneva (Switzerland)
http://www94.web.cern.ch/WWW94/
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web
W3C – World Wide Web Consortium
constituit în octombrie 1994
scop: dezvoltarea standardelor Web-ului
http://www.w3.org/Consortium/
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web
Netscape Navigator
primul navigator Web comercial (decembrie 1994)
creat pe baza codului Mosaic co-scris de Marc Andreessen
http://sillydog.org/narchive/
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web
NCSA HTTPd
Rob McCool implementează primul server Web
folosit pe scară largă (1994—1995)
include suport pentru CGI (Common Gateway Interface),
temelia pentru serverele de aplicaţii Web actuale
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web
peste 3000 de servere Web în 1994http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_websites_founded_before_1995
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Yahoo!
Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle
Jerry Yang & David Filo
realizează în 1994
primul catalog (directory)
Web de succes, ulterior
devenit portal
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web
Apache Group
fondat de Brian Behlendorf, Roy Fielding et al. (1995)
cu scopul de a continua dezvoltarea serverului NCSA
httpd 0.6.2 – prima versiune publică (aprilie 1995)
http://httpd.apache.org/ABOUT_APACHE.html
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web
primele situri Web academice din România (1995—1996),
încurajate de accesul – timid? – la Internet
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web
e-business
IBM introduce în 1997 sintagma „afaceri electronice”
modalitate de „acces securizat, flexibil şi integrat pentru
desfăşurarea diferitelor afaceri prin combinarea proceselor şi
sistemelor care execută operaţii de bază ale afacerii
cu cele care fac posibilă găsirea informaţiilor pe Internet”
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web
primele situri Web comerciale autohtone (1996—1997)
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web
Sergey Brin & Larry Page (1996—1998)
dezvoltă un motor de căutare
bazat pe relevanţa legăturilor hipertext: PageRank
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web
primele evenimente + cărţi despre Internet & e-learning
realizate de Mihai Jalobeanu
Romanian Internet Learning Workshop (1997—2001)
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web
primul curs (1998) + lucrări despre tehnologii Web
Sabin Buraga – Facultatea de Informatică din Iaşi (FII)
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web
e-services
Hewlett-Packard introduce în 1999
termenul „servicii electronice”
oferirea unor soluţii complete pentru e-business,
constituite din hardware (echipamente de calcul şi reţea),
software şi consultanţă
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web
dot-com bubble
ascensiunea şi
prăbuşirea afacerilor
Internet & Web
(1997—2003)
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web
Wikipedia
fondată în 2001 de Jimmy Wales & Larry Sanger
enciclopedie multilingvă bazată pe conceptul de wiki
(Ward Cunningham – dezvoltatorul primului wiki în 1995)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About
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web
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web
seria de ateliere privitoare la
tehnologii Web organizate
din 2001 de Sabin Buraga
la FII, UAIC – România
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web
Linux and Virtual Learning Environments – seminarii anuale
organizate de Mihai Jalobeanu et al. la Arad (2003—2008)
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web
Web 2.0
termen inventat de Darcy DiNucci (1999),
dar popularizat de Tim O’Reilly începând cu 2004
Web social, read-write Web
http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
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web
FII Student
primul blog academic oficial al unei facultăţi (2008—2011)
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web
Școala de vară Informatica la Castel (din 2009)
http://proinfo.uvvg.ro/
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25 de ani de Web
o istorie pseudo-personală
Acum, e rândul tău să-ţi împărtăşeşti amintirile…