24035723

16

TH J

AN

UA

RY

2015.

I n d u s t r i a l C o n s e r v a t I o n A r e a

K E L H A M I S L A N D

L I T T L E K E L H A M

TUTOR: ANNA HAWKINS

A v i b r a n t H e a r t o f K e l h a m

AN ANALYSIS OF AN HISTORIC SITE DESIGN

WITHIN A CONTEMPORARY REGENERATION

AREA

Izu Cyprian Ozoh

M.Sc. Technical Architecture

1. INTROUDUCTION TO SITE …………………………………………….……Pg. 1

2. URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS ……………………………………………..……... 2

3. URBAN DSIGN ANALYSIS – OPPURTUNITIES ………………………….…. 3

4. URBAN DSIGN ANALYSIS – THREATS AND WEAKNESSES ………………4

5. URBAN ANALYSIS – THE CONTEXT…………………………………………….…5-6

6. URBAN DESIGN CONTEXT OF SITE…………………………………………..……. 7

7. NEW DESIGN IN HISTORIC SITE …………………………………………….….…. 8

8. RECOMMENDATION FOR SITE DSIGN ……………………………………….….. 9

9. HERITGAE AND POLICY CONTEXT …………………………………………..….. 10

10. CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………….… 11

11. REFERENCE ………………………………………….………..… ………………….12

12. APPENDICES …………………HISTORIC MAPS OF STUDY AREA.

CONTENTS

BIRTH OF SHEFFIELD INDUSTRY

Following a visit to the site, relevant web-materials and articles were achieved. A coherent approach to analysing the SWOT and

relevant conservation policies applicable to the site alongside an interpretation of this Legislation will be ascertained using two (2)

themes:

Urban Design and Context and

Incorporation of new build within an historic context.

Additionally, the influence of academic theory about adaptation, re-use and regeneration, on this historic site. Lastly, a

Consideration on current theory and best practice guidelines on the introduction of improvement and an evaluation of the extent

to which professional disciplines of Architecture, planning, architectural technology and landscape Architecture influenced the

success of the chosen site.

Designing a scheme that successfully seamlessly knits existing context and new

development depends on intelligent response to local settings. This Study aims to

analyse the design of historic site within a contemporary Regeneration area In Sheffield

city Centre. The Case study Area is the Little Kelham- Green lane in Kelham Island.

LOCATION & SETTING

The conservation area is 2km north of the City Centre, approximately 750mters long and

created by a man made goit. This plays a vital role in the historic development of

Sheffield.

The Area is located within an environment Agency defined flood Zone (Neepsend

Action plan 5.2.6).

First metal trades associated conservation area designated in Sheffield, associated with

metal working and metal production.

Main streets are Mowbray Street, Green Lane and Alma St.

Designated (May 1985) to preserve its industrial character and heritage.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Kelham Island is one of Sheffield’s eleven (11) designated city centre quarters

(section 4.2 UDC) Once a 19th century industrial area. Contributing to the

development of Sheffield commercial and architectural character directly influenced

by its association with prosperous steel, cutlery and silverware industries.

Little Kelham lies in the metropolitan Borough of Kelham (Green Lane S3 8RY)– a residential led mixed-use project by CITU

consist 153 new homes on a 3.8Acres of industrial brownfield site. 107of which will be constructed to passiveHaus standard as

well as the regeneration of 18th century Victoria buildings – Eagle works and grade II* listed Green lane works. – CITU 2014.

1

Kelham Island

Google Map – 2014.

Little Kelham

Eleven (11) City Centre Quarters

(Google Maps 2014).

Sheffield City Centre

(Google Maps 2014).

Conservation Area

Little Kelham –

Green Lane.

Kelham Island Conservation Area Boundary

(Sheffield city council, 2014).

Sheffield City Council- 2014.

A distinct region of an urban area which an observer is

informed of through mental images that is captured

from the appearance of the place.

E.g. Industrial workshops: Mowbray St and Neepsend

Lane

E.g. Tourism – Kelham island Museum in proximity to the

Kelham Island Brewery shop and fat Cat Pub.

URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS According to Kevin Lynch (1960), the physical elements of an urban environment are the basics that build public

images in the users mind. The combinations of these elements are vital because they are influential in forming

mental perceptions of a place experienced by the users.

These elements (Landmarks, edge, Nodes, Paths and Districts) and theories alongside Gordon Cullen (Views,

vistas, serial vision) are used to evaluate its character.

DISTRICTS

NODES

E D G E S

2

Haphazard development and irregularity of

street pattern surviving from preindustrial

period.(Poor signage)

Ginnels and gridded paths creating a sense

of Enclosure instead of continuity. Street runs

parallel to River Don.

Active frontage along paths. Providing sense

of place. E.g. Alma st.

Narrow Cornish St.

LANDMARK Physical reference and focal points for observer

which gives identity or the heart of a place.

E.g. The chimney, Clock tower at Green Lane,

Upper Don River and Kelham Island.

N

PATHS

Major gateways, paths and

junctions that serve as

entrance for the observer.

E.g. Shalemoore

Roundabout and Junctions

at corporation St. (Ring

roads).

Clock Tower, Green lane

Upper Don River

Ball Bridge (Woodytyke, 2011)

Elements that isolate place and prevent them from isolating

with neighbourhood.

Features that prohibit movement movements and views e.g.

River don, Penistone rd. to Corporation Street.

Densely developed river frontage e.g. Cornish place.

Chimney House

Mowbray St. Old Industrial Workshops

(Google Maps 2014).

Ball St.

Shalemoore Roundabout.

Corporation St.

Google Map, 2014

River Don.

Google Map, 2014

Penistone Rd.

O P P U R T U N I T I E SThe site analysis provided an understanding of key-land uses of related sites and there influences to Little Kelham

site. Numerous Strengths and opportunities have been identified as well as potential for future development of

Kelham island Quarter as identified (part. 4.6) by the Sheffield City Council.

Brownfield site with walkable distance to city

center. Close to Sheffield universities.

Potential of promoting Sustainable means of

transport. Permeability of accessing site could

be enhanced by opening more entrance from

roads.

Tram services could serve as main transport

mode to connect the site with city.

PROXIMITY TO MAIN ROADS AND

TRAM SERVICES

HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE WITH

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER BUILDINGS

FLEXIBLE SPACES POTENTIAL

DEVELOPEMENT

TOURISM

KELHAM RIVERSIDE

The Regeneration of the scheme in

Little Kelham creates room for the

Kelham Square full utilization.

The Three (3) crossings (Iron and

Borough bridge) will potentially exalt

the character of the Kelham quarter

and solve traffic issues

Prominent Riverside location with good river frontage.

Potential development of riverside to provide improved

public access and employment. (Kelham Island

Neepsend Action plan 2008).

Riverside walks will create Attractive corridor, and

communal space.

Kelham Brewery, Kelham Fat and Kelham

Island Tavern attracts tourist complimenting

the reputation of the area.

Creation of more Job opportunities and

industry. Amenities are dispersed all over the

site. This compliments the proposed

development.

A cultural and lively community exist

The Historic environment is a shared resource.

(Principle 1.1). People value the historic

environment as part of their cultural natural

heritage. It reflects knowledge, beliefs and

tradition of diverse communities

3

4

Following a site visit and analysis of the case study area, several problems have been identified such as: connectivity and

movement, Poor integration of natural built environments, lack of public realm-open spaces and degree of perceived crime

and safety.

THREATS & WEAKNESSES

ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY

Discontinuity of pedestrian walk making street less accessible. (Cull de sac and ginnels).

Dense traffic from Shalemoore tram stops to Ball Street.

Uneven provision of Cycle lanes.

Lack of Public transport in Kelham areas. This impedes circulation to other areas.

Parking Issues. Traffic congestion as a result of on-Street parking which impede pedestalization and

traffic flow.

The pavement of roads and pedestrian footpaths are unmanaged and in poor

condition (cracks and uneven surfaces).

Litters are dispersed as a result of insufficient Bin relatively distributed.

Industrial contaminations – Flood risk – Below ground contamination.

Unmanaged environment – uncontrolled ecology in river. Litter, invasive plant

species all featured in riverside.

Spaces with low priority-as a result of past industrial activities – this disrupts the

community interaction resulting to less vibrant environment.

Kelham Square is not utilized as semi-public space. No leisure activities carried out

presently.

Limited accessibility to the area from neighbouring community. Only three (3) vehicular accesses to

the area (Shalemoor roundabout, junction at cooperation s. and Rutland).

Poor infrastructure - Paths with no clear definition as a result of poor signage.

LACK OF FORMAL PUBLIC SPACE

LOW MAINTENANCE FOR STREET FURNITURE

PROXIMITY TO CRIME

Street furniture – poor lighting on streets. This develops an unsafe feeling to

residents.

Dilapidated and abandoned historic buildings. English heritage risk Register 10th

Oct. [English Heritage- Heritage at Risk Register]. Pg. 114. Creates avenues for anti-

social behaviour (prostitution n drug abuse) Cases of vandalism upturn the rate

of violence and crime.

Public realm: “the parts of a town or city where people can gain unrestricted

access to see pass through, meet, use and enjoy.”

Rob Cowan – Dictionary of Urbanism (2005).

LOST SPACES :

Neglected Riverside

development

AMENITIES AND SERVICES

These are unfavourable Spaces that do no Integrate well with its immediate

environment e.g. River Don and Brooklyn works development.

Kelham riverside (Google

Map 2014).

Grocery stores are not evenly dispersed in the area. As discussed in Walkscore.com the closet grocery

store is TESCO EXPRESS.

No evidence of banking service, post office, health care centers. This creates a major decline to the

area property market.

Street parking in Bowling Green

Lane. Next to Cornwall work.

Poor maintenance of infrastructure at

Green lane

Wharncliffe works. Poor Signage at

Cornish street.

Google Map, 2014

Dark areas and abandoned historic

building (Izu Ozoh, 2014).

5

The following section will evaluate the context for the scheme, following a study on the SWOT. It

carries out an urban analysis on the context adopted in the development of this industrial site as

described by CITU, alongside policies/guidelines that informed the design. (UDC 2004). Pt. 4.6,

pg. 150).

URBAN ANALYSIS: THE CONTEXT HISTORY AND HERITAGE IS AT THE HEART OF KELHAM

Achieving the above quality, the building for life Model was adopted- a

standard endorsed by CABE for well-designed homes and neighbourhoods.

These and other relevant set theory, Informed the LITTLE KELHAM DESIGN

PRINCIPLES based. These use a set methodology and scoring system to

determine the Vison set for the Kelham Island Quarter in Part. 4.6 (UDC.

2004).

“New development should be governed by the existing Urban typology and

any changes must respect the context - its character, architectural form

and street pattern” – (UDC 2004.pt. 3.1, para 3. pg. 42)

The Leeds based developer - CITU, proposed the scheme on three (3)

robust principles. These will be evaluated in the next section.

THEORY & CONTEXT:

As illustrated by the UDP (MU9 -1998, pg. 13). The UDP predominantly designated Kelham Island

as an area of special character - a mixed used area with small pockets of general industry.

The Sheffield city centre Urban Design compendium – UDC – 2004. Acknowledged the role of

Kelham in Sheffield industrial heritage and the demand for greater interaction with new built and

the river.

Hence, an Action plans was designed for KELHAM ISLAND & the whole of the city centres

Quarters (PPS12, Para. .230) –this plans delivers a finer-grain of planning policy responding to

local discussion and development demand for the Kelham area. It also provides general

guidance on scale, materials and massing of new developments in this character area in

accordance to Sheffield Development Framework – (core strategy policy CS74)

The need for local community involvement in development Review is imperative as discussed by

English heritage (2005, pg. 6). Following a consultation with the local community in October 2006,

a summary of needs were noted for Kelham Island:

Resident prefers to see retention and re-use of architectural historically important buildings.

Solve issues of anti-social behaviour, crime, litter, traffic and parking and lack of open

space. Kelham Neepsend Action Plan 2009

OVERVIEW :

SHEFFIELD AND CABE – A BUILDING FOR LIFE MODEL : In Sheffield, excellence in Residential design quality involves making places that meets the needs

of everyone, whilst also delivering places that are accessible, attractive, and enable residents to

reduce their impact on the environment. (Sheffield city council 2014).

Kelham Conservation Quarter Analysis, Sheffield city council 2014

CITU & LITTL E KELHAM

3

COMMUNITY SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN DESIGN:

As discussed in Sheffield Unitary Development Plan (UDP, MU9 – 19918, pg. 13), intended to

provide a boost to the residential property market in Sheffield and offer a timely fillip for private

sector regeneration . The design consists of different house types with mixed-tenures designed

to vary the mix at Kelham and to break the mould of concentration of a single house type of

housing type. 107 houses are being built alongside some retail and leisure outlets and

commercial spaces for creative

: SUSTAINABILTY

Ensuring the proposition of the SCC (pt. 3.2. pg. 71) concerning REUSE, ADAPT AND RESTORE –

(UDC. 2004 pt. 3.1, pg. 42 para. 3), a Degree of intervention was created to guide the

rejuvenation of this industrial quarter. This provides various levels of intervention required for the

character areas. The Digitally led-homes were built to passiveHaus standard-A global

benchmark for low energy and features the Refurbishment of two (2) 19th century Victorian

buildings – Eagle works and Green lane works.

COMMUNITY:

The design Compliments existing community and creates new community- creating communal

spaces. It delivers new Workplaces, gardens that invite working class and family occupants.

Lastly, it creates districts to the city both in a physical sense, cultural and social way, becoming

a hub for community projects.

“The concept behind Little Kelham is to create an area of sustainable housing

which not only achieves high levels of energy efficiency but also encourages a

sense of community, helping breathe New-life into a previously disused area”. –

Chris Thompson CITU 2014.

Model of little Kelham. Yorkshire post (2013).

6

URBAN DESIGN CONTEXT OF SITE

This tends to provide an understanding

on how the medieval industrial street has

transformed and how it influenced the

Design of the site. E.g. Alma and

Mowbray St.

CONNECTION

URBAN MORPHOLOGY

DESIGN LAYOUT

Distinct character area in the Conservation area

is Mowbray St. and Green lane an understanding.

Main St. is Green Lane, Mowbray and Alma St.

.

Following a study in the areas historical Map, The

intensification of industry in the area resulted to

displacement of its local population.

N Little Kelham New route lays

parallel to river, echoing past

industrial setting of the place.

Aligns to the sinuous pattern of

site and creates new connection

to existing.

N

According to CABE (2007), A New development

should sit happily in the pattern existing

development and routes through and around it.

SPACES & ENCLOSURE

PHASES-2

Saw tooth roof echoing industry style and

complimenting new developments existing of its

local population.

“Sustainability is at the Heart of Kelham.” Alignment of

building to maximise North and South light. Low surface

area (Minimum Exposure) in terrace House design saving

energy e.g. BedZed London.

107 One-four Bedroom passive homes, as

well as Creative workspaces in the

refurbished Eagle works and Bakery

Phase 2: Green Lane works will be refurbished to

create around 50homes, a hotel, a bar and nursery

Contemporary MEWS STYLE designed with garages underneath

the gardens at the back with basement parking. Streets are

designed to have priority. E.g. Accordia Cambridge

New connections to existing street e.g. Alma St.

and Green Lane. Proximity to The Sheffield’s city

centre

BedZed London, St.

Little Kelham section. AJ 2012.

Green Lane works.

7

Design to maintain Grid style,

tight side-lines and courtyards

features derived from

adjacent St. E.g., Cornish St.

Large Expanse of Glass to admit light

with Active ground floor uses.

Street for all. Traffic

calming measures applied

in Mews lanes in Accordia.

Accordia Levitt (2007)

ANALYSIS

NEW DESIGN IN HISTORIC SITE

The Diagram above, briefly illustrates the principles

of introducing new interventions to any area of

special character. Below are guidelines to Designing

in Context:

Any New project should:

1.1 Relate well to Geography and history of

place and lie of the land e.g. Sheffield

peace garden.

2.1 Sit happily in the pattern of existing

development through and around it.

3.1 Respect important views

4.1 Respect scale of neighbouring buildings.

5.1 Use materials and building methods which

are as high in quality as those used in

existing buildings.

6.1 Create new views and juxtapositions which

add to the variety and texture of the setting.

As discussed in “New Design in Historic Setting” (2010) a new

intervention should be analysed using:

URBAN STRUCTURE,

URBAN GRAIN,

DENSITY AND MIX &

SCALE (HEIGHT AND MASSING)

These will be illustrated on the site design alongside the “CABE -

Building in Context” guidance.

CABE – Building in Context 2007, Pg. 16.

DENSITY AND MIX

New Streets are parallel to river and are

gridded. As a result of past industrial

activities -

URBAN GRAIN

URBAN STRUCTURE

SCALE

Saw tooth roof and black-brick wall echoes the soot-

stained walls of the original 19th –century factory buildings

echoing industry style and complimenting new

developments existing of its local population.

Existing sites were predominantly residential all-

over the area. To ensure a commercial presence

and consistency with SDF-core strategy 2009,

Mixed-use was developed by CITU.

Foundry Leeds

Accordia Cambridge, Levitt (2007)

OLD MEETS NEW: Predominantly 2-5 storeys in

the area. The New intervention compliments

the existing in form and Design materials. (See

CABE 5.1)

Mixed use Little Kelham

Rounds Foundry, Levitt (2007)

These were achieved in site by adopting

the UDP and Action Plan 2008 to access

the need of the area.

Rounds foundry Foyer, Levitt (2007)

As discussed in CABE 5.1. Cutting-edge technology and

modern materials are all used moderately and sustainably

to increase knowledge of the past history of the place.

8

Mixed use Little

Kelham- CITU

INNOVATIVE ADAPTIVE RE-USE.

The Accordia

Cambridge was

designed following

three (3) strong natural

corridors of trees on the

brownfield site.

Accordia Levitt (2007)

Brick used Action Plan with mix of new

materials that weaves into the history of

Cambridge.

RECOMMENDATION FOR SITE DESIGN

Footbridge linking character areas. This includes reusing the existing Green lane

work as a heritage gateway.

Adequate pedestrainisation, creating new views (Riverside walk) and

rejuvenating open spaces for communal meeting.

Adopting signage and Street furniture to increase legibility of site to residence

and visitors. This creates a public realm which could serve as a passive method

of reducing crime.

According to Principle 3.3 of the English heritage:

“In order to identify the significance of place, it is imperative to understand its fabric,

and how and why it has changed over time, and then consider:

Who values the place, and why they do so.

How those values relate to its fabric

Their relative importance

Whether associated objects contribute to them

Thee contribution made by the setting and context of the place

How the place with others sharing similar values.”

In order to suggest improvement to the site, its character (what makes it special to

people) needs to be ascertained to derive its “Genius Loci – Sprit of place”

The architecture of Sheffield was to re-emphasises the island identity and the history

of water power. The maintenance of industry is important in and and around

Kelham as it has defined the areas special character.

Following the American Institutes of Architects (AIA) principles of liveability (2005):

PEDESTRAINIZATION

FOOTBRIDGE LINKING

CHARACTER AREAS

Adopting the principles of

Permeability (Bentley, et al

1985). The footbridge will

connect: Mowbray St., Kelham

Museum, and Greenlane Lane

via the little Kelham site

SIGNAGE & STREET FURNITURE

Bridge serve as a part of the

heritage trail through the area, tis

could provide economic

advantage to the museum and

improve access to transport. The

Spectacular Gateway Arch (Green

Lane works) – will be adopted for

residence and visitors to explore as

it provides neighbourhood identity.

Ideal View: Cambus o’May

Victorian Bridge. Built across the

River Dee in Scotland. (Flickr 2013).

Green lane works 2012.

GENIUS LOCI – “SPIRIT OF PLACE ”

Elbor hall works 2012.

Communal Meeting space

Addison Circle, Texas US

(Sasaki.com, 2014)

Varying transportation

options and creating

avenues to engage

with the river. And other

semi-public space e.g.

Kelham square

Accordia Street

furniture (Izu Ozoh,

2013).

Poor Signage at Green Lane (Izu

Ozoh, 2014).

Design on Human Scale.

Provide choices,

Encourage mixed use development,

Preserve Urban centre,

Vary transportation options,

Build vibrant public spaces,

Create a Neighbourhood identity,

Protect Environmental resources,

Conserve Landscape and

Design matters.

RECOMENDATION FOR KELHAM

9

HERITAGE AND POLICY CONTEXT

ACTION PLANS:

English Heritage (Government adviser on historic environment) developed conservation

principles, policies and guidance – PPG15 “Planning and the historic c environment

(currently rewritten as PPS) refers primarily to the legislation Planning Act 190 (‘The Act’). PPG

inform and advice local authorities involved with sustainable management of England’s

historic environment.

The Act (Act (Listed Buildings and conservation areas) discusses -1990) reviews other

National policies and local policies for listed buildings and conservation areas: National

Planning Policy and framework (NPPF and Sheffield UDP).

Furthermore, Local authorities should express in their core strategy how their broad strategy

for conservation is integrated with other polices and then locally applied in the building of

specific local sustainable communities and places.

Planning Act (1990) section 69 (1) (a

OVERVIEW :

NPPF-SECTION 12: According to Principle 4.6 (New work and Alteration) of the English heritage

(2005, pg. 22).

“New work should aspire to a quality of design and execution which may be

valued both now and in the future. Respecting the significance of a place in its

setting”

The Design at little Kelham has carefully observed guidance on “building in

context” and plugged into the core strategy for the site. It pays homage to

Sheffield city past industry regime and considers core principles: Materials,

sustainability, urban grain, and community. The concepts respect the

previous view (CABE, 2004) and deliver new views to the area.

National Planning Policy Framework – Conserving and enhancing the historic environment (NPPF

Sect. 12. Para. 126, 127& 131), defines the role of local authority on the sustaining and

enhancing significant heritage assets in the conservation area.

The Sheffield city historic character is derived from its legendary association with steel, cutlery

and silverware industries and English heritage worked with the Sheffield city council since the

launch of Action Sheffield 1999 to Identify and conserve the best of Sheffield’s metal trade built

heritage (historic Environment).the main aim to ensure Sheffield unique industrial heritage

plays its part in the regeneration of the city.

The act demands local authorities to create Local development. Frameworks

(LDFs) and relevant appraisals for designation/special interest. (PPS 12 – Para. 2.9)

As discussed by the Area action plans (PPS12– para 2.7). This developed

Sheffield Urban Design Compendium. A document that informs and appraises

the City Plan Development, Sheffield development framework (SDF) and City

Centre Guidance.

In accordance to principle 4.2 By English heritage (2008, pg. 22). The city centre

strategy (1994) identified eleven (11) city centre quarters (Kelham Island

industrial Quarter) with Principles and guidance on intervention (Conservation))

when carry out maintenance and regeneration (UDC pt. 3.2).

THE POLICY & LITTLE KELHAM :

10

11

CONCLUSION

Inner-city living is becoming more valuable to people who want to retain the work-life

balance without lengthy traveling times (Clare Burnett, 2013). The distinct prospect of

homes with gardens in the city centre is outstanding, and this site has attracted an

encouraging interest. The development delivers sustainable principles: an Ideal site

location with proximity to amenities, breathing life into old buildings, reducing carbon

footprint and improving quality of life.

Considering the theme below, the purposes of this study was to evaluate a design of an

historic site/building within a contemporary regeneration area using a case study site

(Kelham Island):

1. Urban design and context and the

2. Incorporating New Build within an historical context.

Referring to relevant urban design theory, conservation guidelines and other related case

studies. These provided a broad knowledge. Understanding:, the relevant history of

Sheffield and Sheffield metal trades sites, urban character of Sheffield, significant theory

of urban design and conservation governing the historical environment, making

practicable judgement of design in any given place or setting and detailed terminology

in relating to the historic environment.

The current development on the site (little Kelham) is purpose driven and meets the need

of the local community. It variety in house-types and design is distinct and breaks the

mould of previous developments at Kelham. Following the recent plans by the Sheffield

city council (Kelham Neepsend action plan 2009), other recommendations have been

illustrated in this study to improve the liveliness and grandeur of the site.

Generally, the scheme (little Kelham) illustrates robust design outcomes, which are:

1. The possibility of introducing highly contemporary architecture in a brownfield site

while

2. Re-using existing buildings and successfully incorporating various uses and amenities.

The site is undergoing major urban regeneration. It has received three (3) different

design proposals and secured design planning permission. These have attracted

the services of various disciplines. Such as:

1. Archaeologist

2. Architects/Landscape architects

3. Structural engineers

4. Planning consultants

5. Heritage consultants

6. Project manager and Quantity surveyor

7. Housing and Planning officers

8. Regeneration specialist

Archaeologist and environmentalist- as an industrial sites dating back to the 12th

century, there are possibilities of ancient relics and deposits on the site

(Underground contamination), Architects – the Raven group/ Axis architects have

previously developed the riverside area and museum – walk area. Currently,

Sturgeon North Architects are working on the little Kelham site, Heritage

consultants – As a conservation area. They advise English heritage on general

condition of Yorkshire listed buildings and heritage assets as discussed by the ‘the

star’ (tammy Whitaker, 2013), planning consultants - carryout decisions new

development of the area, they check if application made are spirited to the

character of the area. On public sectors Side—housing officers and Planning

officers, regeneration specialist. The site has seen the prosperity of many urban

redevelopments, students accommodation etc.; this public sectors make

valuable assessments accordingly.

Further information can be acquired from The Kelham Neepsend Action plan

2008 (Sheffield city council). It illustrates the potential development of the site and

related areas following Sheffield city core strategy CS74 with basic timeframe.

WHO INFLUENCED THE SITE?

12. Bentley, Ian et al (1985). Introducing responsive environments: A manual for

designer. Oxford architectural press. Pg.9-11

13. Lynch, K (1960).the city image and its elements: the image of the city.

Massachusetts, MIT press p.46-90.

14. Trancik, R, (1980). The Theories of Urban Spatial Design. Finding Lost space.

Newyork: Van Nostrand, pg. 97-124

15. CLARE BURNETT 2013. Help-To-Buy Scheme fuels interest in Sheffield’s little

Kelham Development. BDAILY BUSSINESS NEWS.26TH OCT. 2013 [Online].

https://bdaily.co.uk/industrials/26-11-2013/help-to-buy-scheme-fuels-interest-in-

sheffields-little-kelham-development/

16. Developer gives the lowdown on appeal of houses. SHARON DALE. 29th April 2013. 10:27.

http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/yorkshire-living/leisure-fashion/homes/developer-gives-the-

lowdown-on-appeal-of-houses-1-5625217

17. English Heritage (2008) - Conservation Principles policies and guidance for

the sustainable management of the historic environment. London, Water house

square. Pg. 9-46

18. American Institute of Architects (AIA)2005 – What makes a community

liveable? – Liveability 101. Pg. 9. Washington.

19. CABE (2007) – Building in Context. Tower building. London

20. The Scottish Government 2010- New design in Historic Settings. Pg. 9-20. Elder

and Canon Glasgow.

21. Sheffield City council 2004.SHEFFIELD URBAN DESIGN COMPEDIUM. Pg. 99- 146

22. Sheffield City council. Kelham Island Neepsend Aection Plan 2008. Pg. 11-31

12

REFERENCE

1. Bentley, Ian et al (1985). Introducing responsive environments: A

manual for designer. Oxford architectural press. Pg.9-11

2. Lynch, K (1960).the city image and its elements: the image of the city.

Massachusetts, MIT press p.46-90.

3. Trancik, R, (1980). The Theories of Urban Spatial Design. Finding Lost

space. Newyork: Van Nostrand, pg. 97-124

4. CLARE BURNETT 2013. Help-To-Buy Scheme fuels interest in Sheffield’s

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