24-GSM Support.pdf

GSM SupportNetPerformer® System Reference

COPYRIGHTS AND DISCLAIMERS

Published Date: March 2011

Document # 1614

This publication contains information proprietary and confidential to Memotec Inc. Any reproduction, disclosure or unauthorized use of this publication is expressly prohibited except as Memotec Inc. may otherwise authorize in writing.

Memotec Inc. reserves the right to make changes without notice in product or component design as warranted by evolution in user needs or progress in engineering or manufacturing technology. Changes which affect the operation of the unit will be documented in the next revision of the manual.

We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented in our documentation. However, Memotec assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the information published. Product documentation is subject to change without notice. Changes, if any, will be incorporated in new editions of these documents. Memotec may make improvements or changes in the products or programs described within the documents at any time without notice. Mention of products or services not manufactured or sold by Memotec is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation for such products or services.

Memotec Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Comtech EF Data Corp., and its parent company Comtech Telecommunications Corp (NASDAQ: CMTL).

AccessView, CXTool, CX-U Series, CX-UA Series, AbisXpress, NetPerformer, AccessGate, ACTView, SDM-8400, and the SDM-9000 series of products are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Memotec Inc.in Canada, the United States of America, and in other countries.

Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.

Any other trademarks are the property of their respective companies.

Copyright © 2011 Memotec Inc.

Memotec Inc.7755 Henri Bourassa Blvd. WestMontreal, QuebecCanada H4S 1P7Tel.: (514) 738-4781FAX: (514) 738-4436www.memotec.com

http://www.memotec.com

Contents

Chapter 1: NetPerformer GSM Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1. 1 About the GSM Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1. 2 Network Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.2.1 GSM-only Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.2.2 Mixed GSM and Non-GSM Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1. 3 NetPerformer Solution for GSM Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.3.1 GSM Interfaces Supported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

1.3.2 GSM Traffic Types Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

1. 4 Using NetPerformer on the GSM A/E Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

1.4.1 Advantages with NetPerformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

1.4.2 Characteristics of GSM A and E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

1.4.3 NetPerformer Optimization of GSM A and E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

1. 5 Using NetPerformer on the GSM Abis Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

1.5.1 Advantages with NetPerformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

1.5.2 Network Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

1.5.3 Characteristics of GSM Abis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

1.5.4 NetPerformer Optimization of GSM Abis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

1. 6 Using NetPerformer on the GSM Ater Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

1.6.1 Characteristics of GSM Ater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

1.6.2 NetPerformer Optimization of GSM Ater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

1. 7 NetPerformer Platform for GSM Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

1.7.1 Hardware and Base Software Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

1.7.2 GSM Abis/Ater Licensed Software Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

1.7.3 Satellite Network Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

1.7.4 GSM 2/2.5G and 3G Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

1.7.5 TDMoIP Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

1.7.6 Configurable Software Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23

Chapter 2: Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2. 1 Before You Configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

2.1.1 Is the GSM Abis/Ater Option Already Installed? . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

2. 2 Configuration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.2.1 Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM Abis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

2.2.2 Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM Ater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

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2.2.3 Configuring the NetPerformer for TDMoIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

2. 3 Configuring the Digital Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.3.1 Configuring a T1 Physical Port (LINK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.3.2 Configuring an E1 Physical Port (LINK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

2. 4 Configuring the GSM Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2. 5 Configuring an SS7 Signaling Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

2. 6 Configuring the GSM PVCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2. 7 Configuring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

2.7.1 Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB) . . . 2-18

2. 8 Extended Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

Chapter 3: Advanced GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3. 1 Enhanced High-precision Clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.1.1 Activating the Enhanced Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.1.2 Activating the GPS Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3. 2 About the Prioritization of GSM Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

3.2.1 Uses and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

3.2.2 How It Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

3. 3 Satellite Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.3.1 E1 Standard Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.3.2 E1 Bypass Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

3.3.3 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

3. 4 PVC Link Redundancy in a TDMoIP Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

3.4.1 Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Chapter 4: Monitoring and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4. 1 About Monitoring and Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4. 2 Display GSM Channels (DCH) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

4. 3 Display GSM TS Channel Allocation (DTSCH) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4. 4 Display DSP Allocation (DDSP) Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

4. 5 Display Jitter Level (DJL) Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4. 6 Display GPS Status (DGPS) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

4.6.1 Viewing the GPS Receiver and PLL Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

4.6.2 GPS Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

4.6.3 PLL Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

4.6.4 Viewing the GPS Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

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4.6.5 Viewing the GPS Version. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

4. 7 Display Counters (DC) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17

4.7.1 GSM Traffic Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17

4.7.2 Transmit and Receive Traffic Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

4. 8 Display Errors (DE) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19

4. 9 Display States (DS) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20

4. 10 Monitoring Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

4.10.1 Monitoring Activation of the Autodetection Function . . . . . . . . 4-21

4.10.2 Monitoring 3G Support Deactivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

4. 11 PCM Raw Data Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30

4. 12 Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32

Chapter 5: Concepts and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5. 1 About GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5. 2 Mobile Cellular Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.2.1 Transmitter Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.2.2 Types of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.2.3 Cells per Cluster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5. 3 GSM Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

5.3.1 Mobile Station (MS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

5.3.2 Base Station Subsystem (BSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

5.3.3 Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

5.3.4 Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

5. 4 GSM Network Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

5.4.1 Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

5.4.2 Radio Resources (RR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

5.4.3 Mobility Management (MM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

5.4.4 Communication Management (CM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

5.4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

5. 5 GSM Radio Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

5.5.1 Access Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

5.5.2 GSM Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

5. 6 List of Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Chapter 6: SE/GSM Configuration Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6. 1 Jitter buffer (ms). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

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6. 2 Mode used when SIG detected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6. 3 Mode used when TCH detected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6. 4 Continuous AUTO detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6. 5 Activate 3G support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

6. 6 Call management timeout (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

Chapter 7: SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7. 1 Channel Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7. 2 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7. 3 Timeslot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7. 4 Location on the GSM network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

7. 5 Vendor of the GSM units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

7. 6 TS subchannel mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

7. 7 Subchannel speed mask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

7. 8 Idle code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

7. 9 Remote unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

7. 10 Remote port number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Chapter 8: SE/PVC/#/GSM Configuration Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8. 1 GSM traffic type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8. 2 Frame over IP, source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8. 3 Frame over IP, destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8. 4 Frame over IP, port number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

8. 5 Frame over IP, DSCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

8. 6 Use a forced route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

8. 7 Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

8. 8 GSM maximum calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

8. 9 GSM VAD Deactivate threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

8. 10 GSM VAD Activate threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

8. 11 GSM VAD A (bps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

8. 12 GSM VAD B (bps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

8. 13 GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

8. 14 GSM group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

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8. 15 GSM maximum frame size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

8. 16 GSM pack delay (ms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

8. 17 PVCR PVC that manages this PVC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index-1

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1
NetPerformer GSM Solution
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GSM Solution

1.1 About the GSM SolutionThe NetPerformer solution optimizes 2/2.5G GSM Abis/Ater traffic, and bundles and transports GSM 3G UMTS traffic. It decodes GSM signaling information and voice timeslots according to ETSI standards.

GSM 2/2.5G traffic is inherently bandwidth inefficient as it is based on a circuit-switched, TDM-based system. It requires a dedicated network of leased lines, fiber, microwave links and satellite links, which represent high recurrent costs. The system infrastructure is often insufficient or nonexistent, and services are often deployed in remote areas as an alternative to rural telephony. Satellite communication can be used in these cases, but is very costly. These problems are resolved with the addition of the NetPerformer to the GSM network.

For all NetPerformer products:

• Support of GSM A and E is offered with the base software

• Support of GSM Abis and Ater is offered as a licensed software option. When this license is installed, the NetPerformer supports GSM Abis/Ater applications over E1/T1, serial (WAN) and IP (LAN) connections.

NOTE: For the SDM-9210, the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option may be bun-dled with the base product software on certain OEM models.

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1.2 Network Compatibility

1.2.1 GSM-only Network

For GSM applications all NetPerformer units must be running the same phase of GSM.

• Backward compatibility is possible between V10.4.0 (R04 or later) and V10.3.5

• GSM Abis/Ater support in V10.4.X is the only version that can run on the SDM-9620

• If an SDM-9620 is installed in the network, all participating NetPerformer units must be upgraded to the same version of V10.4.X that is running on the SDM-9620. Refer to the NetPerformer Version V10.4.X Release Bulletin for upgrade procedures.

1.2.2 Mixed GSM and Non-GSM Network

A NetPerformer unit installed with the GSM licensed software option can communicate with a unit that does not have the GSM license installed. This requires the following on all participating units:

• Installed with V10.4.0 R01 or later

• Configured for PowerCell voice transport method (PVCR)

• A PVCR connection must be configured between the unit running GSM and the unit without GSM.

• The non-GSM unit must be configured with the PowerCell version Global parameter set to 2.

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GSM Solution

1.3 NetPerformer Solution for GSM NetworksThe NetPerformer can be installed at various points of the GSM network to optimize traffic and reduce the bandwidth load:

• Reduces operational costs by lowering bandwidth requirements on all GSM net-work interfaces

• Converts TDM data to Packet data

• Compresses signaling and O&M data, and suppresses redundant data. On the TCH stream:

- Redundant data is removed

- Silence and idles (flags) are not transmitted across the WAN

• Provides load balancing, which allows for multiple links to be set up between the same two units using serial or digital ports

• Supports integration of packetized voice (besides GSM), LAN routing, ATM traffic and legacy data

NOTE: For WAN traffic, all participating NetPerformer units must be installed with the GSM Abis/Ater Option, as the PVCR protocol used with GSM is not compatible with the PVCR protocol used on the NetPerformer base product.

• Spoofs the SS7 protocol and optimizes the signaling channel by transmitting only significant data end-to-end

• Provides congestion control, prioritized flow control, packetization and call blocking to maximize the bandwidth

• Low end-to-end delay (maximum 20 to 30 ms)

• Autodetection of voice/data or signaling traffic on timeslot subchannels

• Supports IP multiplexing with GSM traffic

• Can be used in a point-to-multipoint application

• Optional high-precision clocking for synchronization and timing control of sys-tem clocks. See “Enhanced High-precision Clocking” on page 3-2 for details.

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The GSM network with NetPerformer is illustrated in Figure 1-1.

1.3.1 GSM Interfaces Supported

• A and E interfaces: PCM voice is optimized using standard available codecs (G723, G726, G729, ACELP-CN). Available on all NetPerformer products. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM A/E Interface” on page 1-7

• Abis interface: Coded TRAU bandwidth is optimized using various techniques. Available only on an SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620 installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM Abis Interface” on page 1-10

• Ater interface: Coded TRAU bandwidth is optimized, and SS7 messages are processed with either FISU spoofing or MTP2 layer termination (configurable). Available only on an SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620 installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM Ater Interface” on page 1-16.

1.3.2 GSM Traffic Types Supported

• Signaling: 16K, 32K and 64K, both concentrated and non-concentrated

• Voice/fax:

- Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) at 12.2K

- Full Rate (FR) at 13.5K

- Half Rate (HR) at 4.75K to 12.2K

- Adaptive Multi Rate Full Rate (AMR-FR) at 4.75K to 12.2K

Figure 1-1: GSM Network with NetPerformer

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- Adaptive Multi Rate Half Rate (AMR-HR) at 4.75K to 7.4K

• GSM Data:

- GPRS

- EDGE

- Extended Data

- FR data

- HR data

- Frame Relay-based Gb

• Digital cross connect: 64 Kbps non-blocking, 8 Kbps subchanneling.

For a detailed list of traffic types supported, turn to “For each timeslot subchannel, the subchannel mode or type of traffic currently being carried by that timeslot subchannel is displayed beneath the applicable Bitn columns:” on page 4-7.

NOTE: The GSM PVC parameter GSM traffic type should be set to TCH for all of these traffic types. Refer to “Configuring the GSM PVCs” on page 2-14.

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1.4 Using NetPerformer on the GSM A/E InterfaceThis is a hub solution available on the NetPerformer base product (no license required). The NetPerformer units transporting GSM A traffic between the BSC and MSC, or E traffic between the MSC and PSTN, via digital E1/T1 links. For configuration details, refer to “Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM A or E” on page 2-4.

• A and E traffic uses SS7 signaling, which is configured on one or more channels of the E1/T1 link with the SS7 or SS7MTP2 protocol.

• One or more voice channels are also required, using the G.711, ACELP-CN or other voice protocol.

1.4.1 Advantages with NetPerformer

The NetPerformer transports the GSM A or E traffic point to point, and offers the following advantages:

• Multiple A/E interfaces can be concentrated over a single WAN connection

• WAN flexibility: satellite links, Frame Relay, ATM, IP backbone, leased lines, etc.

• Choice of physical interfaces: serial, digital E1/T1, Ethernet

• Redundant WAN links can be installed to improve overall network resilience

• Voice and data are integrated. Any bandwidth that is not used for GSM traffic can be used to carry data (IP or others), LAN and legacy data, or analog voice

• High bandwidth savings through voice compression of 64K PCM audio paths using a highly efficient voice codec (8:1 voice compression ratio, or as high as 20:1 when used with silence suppression)

• Data is also compressed, to improve the efficiency of the link.

Figure 1-2: The NetPerformer with GSM A Interface: between the BSC and MSC

Figure 1-3: The NetPerformer with GSM E Interface: between the MSC and PSTN

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1.4.2 Characteristics of GSM A and E

• 2 Mbps E1 or 1.54 Mbps T1 circuit

• Up to 30 voice channels per line

• SS7 signaling

• Voice channels are uncompressed:

- Circuit switched, TDM-based

- Bandwidth for inactive channels (unassigned timeslots) is wasted.

1.4.3 NetPerformer Optimization of GSM A and E

The NetPerformer provides several optimization features:

• Signaling and O&M data are compressed, and transported transparently

• SS7 traffic is handled in one of two ways:

- FISU spoofing (Protocol parameter set to SS7). Only significant data is transmitted end to end, and idles and redundant data are handled locally

- MTP2 layer termination (Protocol parameter set to SS7MTP2). No FISU or LSSU frames are transported to the remote side.

Basic ISUP support is also available for SS7 traffic, used for a DCME application only (Protocol parameter set to SS7 ISUP-A or SS7MTP2 ISUP-A).

• Voice optimization to conserve bandwidth:

- Compression of 64K PCM audio paths using highly efficient voice codec (5.3K to 8K)

- Silence suppression further reduces bandwidth requirements

- Comfort Noise generation contributes to high voice quality

• Works on multiple types of WAN interfaces;

- Not limited to digital E1/T1 interfaces

- Can integrate other types of traffic with the required traffic prioritization lev-els.

These features result in up to 90% bandwidth reduction on GSM A or E interfaces. For example, a single A/E interface with 30 voice calls can be optimized to less than 256 Kbps.

Voice Channels

Bandwidth Required (in Kbps)

Uncompressed 8K Voice8K Voice

40% Silence

8 576 96 61

Table 1-1: Bandwidth reduction on GSM A or E interface

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16 1088 181 112

24 1600 266 163

30 2048 330 202

Voice Channels

Bandwidth Required (in Kbps)

Uncompressed 8K Voice8K Voice

40% Silence

Table 1-1: Bandwidth reduction on GSM A or E interface

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1.5 Using NetPerformer on the GSM Abis InterfaceThis solution connects multiple remote BTS sites to the BSC on the hub side, with the NetPerformer units connected to the BTS and BSC via digital E1/T1 links. Available only on an SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620 installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option. For configuration details refer to “Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM Abis” on page 2-5.

• One NetPerformer unit is set up at the remote location, connected to the BTS via the digital E1/T1 link. The Location on the GSM network must be set to BTS ABIS (refer to “Configuring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL)” on page 2-16)

• The other NetPerformer is on the hub side, connected to the TRAU in front of the BSC. On this unit the Location on the GSM network must be set to BSC ABIS.

• One or more channels are configured with the GSM protocol (refer to “Config-uring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL)” on page 2-16). These channels are divided into timeslot subchannels (or TSSUB), which are defined to sup-port the type of traffic detected by the NetPerformer.

For example, some are defined as traffic channels (TCHD or TCHU) for transport-ing voice and data, and others as control channels (SIG) for signaling and O&M functions. Refer to “GSM Channels” on page 5-11 for background information on GSM channels.

1.5.1 Advantages with NetPerformer

Packet-based Abis transmission permits variable bandwidth for TDMA, which otherwise has a fixed-time allocation. With the addition of the NetPerformer:

• Signaling data is not a constant stream, and can be easily compressed

• Audio can be carried at a variable rate

• Idle traffic and silence are suppressed

• Traffic is allocated dynamically to all available channels.

Figure 1-4: The NetPerformer with GSM Abis Interface: between the BTS and BSC

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1.5.2 Network Connectivity

• The NetPerformer is connected to the BSC and BTS through its T1 or E1 inter-face cards

• It communicates with the network management system through IP connectivity

• The WAN connection can be a leased-line, wireless or shared packet network

• PVCs can also be used in a GSM-only application, using Frame Relay over IP (FRoIP).

• Redundant WAN links can be installed to improve overall network resilience

• The timeslot subchannels (TSSUB) defined on the NetPerformer CHANNEL support the individual TRXs.

For GSM Abis, the timeslot subchannels can be defined automatically through the NetPerformer Autodetection function. To enable this function, refer to “For an Abis application, set the GSM auto detect mode to:” on page 2-8.

1.5.3 Characteristics of GSM Abis

• The most common interface in GSM networks


• Supports multiple radio channels per E1 or T1 line

• Voice channels are compressed:

- Circuit switched, TDM-based, using 16-Kbps subchannels (8 for every pair of 64K timeslots). Maximum of 16 channels for Half Rate (HR)

- Bandwidth for inactive channels is wasted

Timeslot Allocation

• Each radio channel supports a maximum of 8 subchannels using 2 64-Kbps timeslots

• GSM signaling can be transported in the radio channel or a separate timeslot, at 16, 32 or 64 Kbps

• The E1 interface has 32 timeslots, and the T1 interface has 24

• Each TDMA channel (tranceiver timeslot, or TRX) uses 2 timeslots

• All TRXs must be defined in contiguous timeslots

• A single 64-Kbps timeslot can be configured, or multiple subchannels of 8, 16, or 32 Kbps

• The O&M channel can also be 8, 16, 32 or 64K

• Signaling and O&M scenarios vary depending on the type of switch and the net-work topology. Possible scenarios include:

- 32K signaling with one 32K O&M channel

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- 16K signaling with several 16K O&M channels

- 16K signaling with several 64K O&M channels

- 64K signaling with one 64K O&M channel.

An example of timeslot allocation is the following:

Format of Transceiver Timeslots (TRXs)

• One TRX uses two 64K timeslots

• Each of the two timeslots is divided into subchannels, as follows:

- At 16K (Full Rate):

- At 8K (Half Rate):

- At 16K/8K (Dual Rate):

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• A particular subchannel can carry signaling or voice/data traffic

• The associated signaling channel can be assigned to a separate timeslot and oper-ate at a different rate.

1.5.4 NetPerformer Optimization of GSM Abis

• Signaling traffic and OEM data are compressed:

- Processed as voice/data traffic by the DSP, and multiplexed with voice pack-ets during transmission

- Fully supported in discrete 64K timeslots or subchannels at 8, 16 or 32K

- Idles are removed

- Bandwidth requirements are reduced.

• Audio data is optimized:

- Packetized as transparent 64K PCM

- The GSM Abis TCH stream is analyzed, removing unused and redundant bits using DSP processing power

- Supports voice/data integration

- NetPerformer recognizes when the TCH stream is carrying voice or data and optimizes it accordingly. Less bandwidth is required on data channel timeslots

- Silence is not transmitted

- NetPerformer can be configured to allocate a channel only when a call is established

- Spoofing and suppression of idle voice channels (grooming) so that unused timeslots are not transmitted

• Not limited to digital E1/T1 interfaces:

- Works on multiple types of WAN interfaces, including satellite, leased lines, Frame Relay, ATM, IP

- Can integrate other types of traffic with the required prioritization levels.

These features result in up to 50% bandwidth reduction on a GSM Abis interface, depending on the traffic pattern (type of vocoder, Full Rate or Half Rate, percentage and type of data traffic, silence ratio, number of idle channels). Please contact Memotec Inc. or your NetPerformer distributor for an evaluation of the potential bandwidth savings specific to your installation.

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PowerCell Encapsulation of Abis Traffic

The NetPerformer’s unique PowerCell technology permits convergence of Abis traffic with other traffic types, and tunneling of Abis through any type of WAN network.

• Abis signaling and optimized cells from different TCHs are multiplexed and encapsulated as NetPerformer PowerCell frames

• The NetPerformer at the receiving end demultiplexes the PowerCell traffic and recreates the original Abis frames for each TCH.

• The NetPerformer can transport PowerCell frames over any type of WAN net-work

• The result is a homogeneous logical network using PowerCell.

Refer also to “TDMoIP Application” on page 1-22.

NOTE: When integrating with WAN traffic, all participating NetPerformer units must be installed with the GSM Abis/Ater Option, as the PVCR protocol used with GSM is not compatible with the PVCR protocol used on the NetPerformer base product.

Dual Rate Traffic Channels

A dual rate traffic channel (TCHD) initially operates at 16 Kbps. A volume threshold is defined on the GSM switch, above which the speed is reduced to 8 Kbps. If the BTS/BSC equipment switches from 16 Kbps to 8 Kbps, the NetPerformer processes the channel

Figure 1-5: PowerCell Tunneling of Abis Traffic over Various WAN Networks

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accordingly.

A TCHD channel can carry one 16-Kbps voice call or, when the traffic volume increases, one or two 8-Kbps voice calls. This allows the provider to carry more voice calls without having to increase the number of subchannels (or TRXs).

NOTE: Less bandwidth optimization is possible at 8 Kbps, since there is less GSM overhead that can be removed. Users may experience a change in voice qual-ity on calls placed after the volume threshold has been reached.

Example:

• A system with 10 TRXs can support 80 calls at 16 Kbps. The provider decides that when the volume of calls reaches 80%, all subsequent calls should be placed at 8 Kbps rather than 16 Kbps.

• This means that the first 64 calls will be placed using 16 Kbps, and the 65th call using 8 Kbps. All subsequent calls are placed at 8 Kbps until the maximum number of voice calls is reached.

• Using dual rate traffic channels (TCHD) this system can support 64 calls at 16 Kbps, plus 32 calls at 8 Kbps for a total of 96 calls.

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1.6 Using NetPerformer on the GSM Ater InterfaceThis is a hub solution with the NetPerformer units connected to the BSC and the MSC via digital E1/T1 links. Available only on an SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620 installed with the GSM A-bis/ter licensed software option. For configuration details, refer to “Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM Ater” on page 2-6.

• One NetPerformer unit is connected to the BSC at the remote location. The Loca-tion on the GSM network must be set to BSC ATER (refer to “Configuring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL)” on page 2-16)

• The other NetPerformer is the hub, connected to the TRAU in front of the MSC. On this unit the Location on the GSM network must be set to MSC ATER

• Ater traffic uses SS7 signaling, which is configured on one or more channels of the E1/T1 link using the SS7 or SS7MTP2 protocol

• One or more channels are also configured with the GSM protocol (refer to “Con-figuring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL)” on page 2-16). Unlike the Abis application, no signaling subchannels are required on these channels, which are all configured as traffic channels (TCHD or TCHU) for transporting voice and data. Refer to “GSM Channels” on page 5-11 for background information on GSM channels.

1.6.1 Characteristics of GSM Ater


• Typically 8 Full Rate voice channels for every two 64-Kbps timeslots

• SS7 signaling in 64 Kbps timeslots (similar to the A interface)

• Audio channels have the same compression options as Abis (TCH compression)

• The TRAU is in the MSC rather than the BSC

• Voice channels are compressed

- Maximum of 120 voice channels per digital line (at 16 Kbps)

- Circuit switched, TDM based

- Uses 16-Kbps subchannels for Full Rate support (8 per two 64K timeslots) or 8-Kbps subchannels for Half Rate support (16 per two 64K timeslots)

Figure 1-6: The NetPerformer with GSM Ater Interface: between the BSC and MSC

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- Bandwidth for inactive channels is wasted

• Signaling is in SS7 format:

- FISU spoofing (Protocol parameter set to SS7) reduces bandwidth by not sending redundant information. Significant signaling data is compressed.

- MTP2 layer termination (Protocol parameter set to SS7MTP2). No FISU or LSSU frames are transported to the remote side.

1.6.2 NetPerformer Optimization of GSM Ater

Optimization of GSM Ater traffic is similar to that of Abis traffic. Refer to “NetPerformer Optimization of GSM Abis” on page 1-13.

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1.7 NetPerformer Platform for GSM Support

1.7.1 Hardware and Base Software Requirements

• SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620

GSM A and E is supported on all NetPerformer products

• For the SDM-9220 or SDM-9230, a sufficient number of E1 or T1 interface cards to support the GSM subchannels (or TRXs)

• A sufficient number of available DSP channels to process the TRXs and support autodetection of GSM timeslots.

Under autodetection, when signaling traffic (SIG) is recognized, it is given high priority automatically. Refer to “Autodetection of Timeslot Subchannel Traffic Types” on page 1-27.

- As a rule of thumb, calculate the same number of DSP channels as the number of timeslots carrying GSM traffic.

NOTE: Higher GSM capacity is achieved when the unit is equipped with a high-den-sity DSP (HD DSP), which has more channels than the low-density DSP (DSP-160). For details about the DSPs, consult the Hardware Installation Guide for your NetPerformer product.

- If you don’t have enough DSP capacity, you can manually configure a times-lot to carry 64K signaling. In this case, you must configure it for high priority as well. Refer to “Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)” on page 2-18.

- As an example, if you have a full E1 for GSM traffic, you need 31 channels of DSP capacity to provide autodetection on the full span. If a low-density DSP with only 30 channels is installed in the unit, you can:

Set a maximum of 30 timeslots in autodetection mode

Configure the remaining timeslot as an HDLC channel with high priority. This channel can carry 64K signaling only, not subchannels or TRXs, which require a DSP for processing.

• Support of channelized data:

- Bit-oriented or transparent transmission

- 64K or Nx64K (G.703/704)

- GSM subchanneling Nx8K, up to 64K

• All standard WAN interfaces supported: leased/switched line, digital, Frame Relay, ATM, satellite, IP backbone

• Flexible packet and TDM architecture:

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- DS0 cross connect for digital to digital

- DS0 transparent or enhanced packetization.

1.7.2 GSM Abis/Ater Licensed Software Option

The GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option permits optimization of the Abis/Ater TCHs in TDM timeslots. Refer also to “NetPerformer Optimization of GSM Abis” on page 1-13 for features of this option.

NOTE: This software license is available for the SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620.

Caution: The SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230 and SDM-9606 are limited to a single Ethernet port when the GSM A-bis/ter licensed software option is installed. Only the first Ethernet port (ETH1) can be configured and used. The second Ethernet port (ETH2) is not available, as its resources are allocated to ATM functionality to support GSM 3G. If you require the second Ethernet port, you must turn off 3G support. Refer to “Configuring the GSM Parameters” on page 2-12.

1.7.3 Satellite Network Application

The NetPerformer can transport optimized GSM Abis traffic over various types of satellite networks such as SCPC, SCPC DAMA, A-TDMA, D-TDMA, IP-based and DVB-RCS.

Depending on the specific satellite technology, satellite bandwidth can be allocated dynamically when TCHs are active. With the NetPerformer’s bandwidth optimization,

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traffic to all remote units can share the same bandwidth.

• The NetPerformer units at the BTS sites optimize the GSM Abis traffic and trans-mits it via satellite to the NetPerformer unit at the BSC central site

• The central site NetPerformer unit restores the original traffic stream and sends it transparently to the BSC.

• This application reduces satellite hardware required at the central site (modem, RF amplifier, etc.)

NOTE: A satellite application normally requires constant bandwidth for optimum results. Refer to “Constant Bandwidth Support” on page 1-26. For informa-tion on satellite backup scenarios, turn to “Satellite Backup” on page 3-9.

1.7.4 GSM 2/2.5G and 3G Convergence

The NetPerformer supports convergence of 2/2.5G GSM Abis and 3G traffic on the SDM-9230 and SDM-9606, using UMTS/ATM.

NOTE: GSM 3G uses UMTS, which is an ATM-based traffic type. This application takes advantage of the ATM capabilities of the SDM-9230. When the GSM Abis/Ater license is activated, if the unit supports ATM then GSM 3G is

Figure 1-7: Bandwidth Optimization in the Satellite Network

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also supported. ATM support is indicated at the NetPerformer console during system start-up.

• Simultaneous support of optimized and encapsulated traffic (GSM Abis) and encapsulated-only transparent traffic (ATM AAL2 for voice, AAL5 for data)

• Both applications can be converged on the same WAN link using PowerCell technology

• 3G support is available by default when the GSM license is activated.

NOTE: When 3G support is activated, only the first Ethernet port (ETH1) can be configured and used. The second Ethernet port (ETH2) is not available, as its resources are allocated to ATM functionality. If you require the sec-ond Ethernet port, you must turn off 3G support. Refer to “Configuring the GSM Parameters” on page 2-12.

In this application:

• The NetPerformer is connected to both a 2/2.5G BTS generating GSM Abis traf-fic, and a 3G BTS generating UMTS/ATM traffic

• Abis is compressed and uses variable amount of bandwidth

• The NetPerformer transparently transports the UMTS cells from the 3G BTS to the satellite modulator using an ATM-Multiplex PVC

- Only the active cells are transported, limiting the bandwidth required

- AAL2 and AAL5 data cells can be compressed by the NetPerformer

Figure 1-8: Converging GSM Abis and GSM 3G Traffic

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• The UMTS cells are bundled and transmitted over the same PowerCell link as the Abis traffic from the 2/2.5G BTS.

1.7.5 TDMoIP Application

GSM traffic can be sent using packet over IP delivery, or TDMoIP. This application is implemented using a proprietary encapsulation technique over a UDP/IP protocol stack. For an overview of configuration requirements, turn to “Configuring the NetPerformer for TDMoIP” on page 2-7.


• A GSM PVC carries the GSM traffic, which is routed over an IP connection

• A PVCR PVC manages the connection between the two NetPerformer units

NOTE: A GSM PVC must be configured on each NetPerformer unit that is participat-ing in the application (see “Configuring the GSM PVCs” on page 2-14). Con-figuration of a PVCR PVC is discussed in the WAN/Frame Relay module of this document series.

This application offers the advantages traffic transport via the Internet. Since PVCs are used to carry voice and signaling traffic, it also provides traffic shaping, through:

• Cell packetization (see “Packetization” on page 1-25)

• Control of the frame size (see “Constant Bandwidth Support” on page 1-26)

• Idle bandwidth optimization (see “Idle Bandwidth Optimization” on page 1-25)

• Control of the frame timeouts, by means of the Timer in ms for FR Over IP parameter in the Global profile

• Control of the information rate, by means of the Committed Information rate PVC parameter

• Control of the combined information rate of all PVCs, by means of the Global CIR for FR Over IP parameter in the Global profile.

Figure 1-9: NetPerformer TDMoIP Application with Enhanced Clock

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The total CIR of all PVCRoIP PVCs must be less than the Global CIR for FR over IP.

IP precedence for GSM traffic is configured on GSM PVC using the differentiated services codepoint (DSCP). By using DSCP, the NetPerformer can tell the satellite modem to prioritize GSM traffic. The relative priority of GSM traffic can be adjusted to suit your application.

NOTE: In a TDMoIP application, the E1/T1 reference clocking source cannot be taken from the serial or Ethernet interface. An enhanced clock is required to support GSM A-bis traffic that is transported over a serial or packet network

(see Figure -1-9). For details, refer to “Enhanced High-precision Clocking” on page 3-2.

Caution: Multihomed IP routing must not be used in a TDMoIP application. To turn it off, enter the following at the NetPerformer console command line:

EP IP MULTIHOMEDTYPE DISABLED

1.7.6 Configurable Software Features

This section discusses the following configurable features for supporting GSM traffic:

• “Hub versus Remote Functionality” on page 1-24 (see next section)

• “Network Jitter” on page 1-24

• “Prioritization” on page 1-24

• “Flow Control” on page 1-25

• “Packetization” on page 1-25

• “Idle Bandwidth Optimization” on page 1-25

• “Constant Bandwidth Support” on page 1-26

• “Call Blocking” on page 1-27

• “Autodetection of Timeslot Subchannel Traffic Types” on page 1-27

• “Load Balancing” on page 1-29.

Further information and configuration procedures are provided elsewhere in this document:

• To fully configure the NetPerformer for GSM traffic support, refer to the chapter “Configuration” on page 2-1

• To activate an enhanced clock installed in the NetPerformer unit, turn to page 2

• For details on configurable parameters, refer to:

- “SE/GSM Configuration Parameters” on page 6-1

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- “SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL Configuration Parameters” on page 7-1

- “SE/PVC/#/GSM Configuration Parameters” on page 8-1

• All extended parameters are detailed in the Extended Parameters module of the NetPerformer System Reference.

Hub versus Remote Functionality

The NetPerformer can be connected to various components of the GSM network. Its functionality as a hub or remote unit is determined by the value of the GSM parameter Location on the GSM network.

Network Jitter

The NetPerformer is able to compensate for variations in network delay so that packets can arrive at consistent intervals, thereby avoiding choppy voice quality. When the NetPerformer receives optimized GSM traffic at the destination site, it buffers the traffic for a configurable amount of time before transmitting it to the BSC (or GSM switch).

You can set the GSM parameter Jitter buffer (ms) from 4 to 160 ms, in increments of 4 (default 20 ms).

• This wait time allows the NetPerformer to regenerate the voice stream smoothly

• If a jitter overrun occurs, the NetPerformer discards the packets in the jitter buffer, rebuilds packets as best as it can according to the previously processed packet, and sends these packets

• If a jitter underrun occurs, the NetPerformer rebuilds packets as best as it can according to the previously processed packet, and sends them until the underrun condition is corrected.

Prioritization

GSM traffic (including voice and signaling) is prioritized over WAN (PVCR) traffic by default. This can be changed using the extended GSM parameter TRAFFICPRIO.

Each GSM input channel for signaling and voice can be assigned to a priority queue in the NetPerformer. Voice traffic and signaling traffic, which are intolerant of delay, are placed in the highest-priority queue (HIGH PRIORITY class), for the most expeditious delivery to

GSM inter-face

Network side

GSM channel connected to

Value of Location on the GSM network

Abis Remote BTS BTS ABIS

Abis Hub BSC BSC ABIS

Ater Remote BSC BSC ATER

Ater Hub TRAU (in front of MSC) MSC ATER

Table 1-2: NetPerformer Functionality in the GSM Network

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the network.

If there is congestion on a GSM PVC, the host will send a message to the NetPerformer DSP module to start discarding samples. During this time, signaling traffic is prioritized over voice traffic.

Other traffic types, such as data, can be buffered into classes (queues) 1 to 8 for delivery after the higher-priority traffic packets are sent. These traffic classes are prioritized according to their assigned weight, with levels from 1 to 16.

Details on traffic prioritization and classes are provided in the Quality of Service (QoS) module of this document series.

Flow Control

Flow control is executed using the following prioritization (from highest to lowest priority):

• Signaling data

• Voice data (FR/EFR/HR/AMR)

• Call identification in progress (40-400 ms at the beginning of transmission of a new traffic type)

• Known data (EFR DATA, O&M, Nokia GPRS)

• Unknown data (GPRS and EDGE from other vendors).

When congestion occurs, the data (known and unknown) is the first to be discarded. If greater congestion occurs, voice data and call identification may also be discarded, but only if this does not affect the synchronization of the call (time alignment, protocol change, etc.). The signaling is never discarded.

Two extended GSM parameters can be used to manage and override the flow control settings:

• FLOWCTLACCUMULATION: To define the number of packets that will be accu-mulated for flow control in a congestion situation.

• VOICEONLY: To always discard the data (known and unknown) even if no con-gestion occurs.

Packetization

In a TDMoIP application (see “TDMoIP Application” on page 1-22) it is possible to reduce the amount of bandwidth used by packing the frames to reduce the IP header overhead. The GSM pack delay (ms) parameter controls the Packetization feature on each GSM PVC in the application. This parameter determines how many milliseconds of frames will be packed before transmitting to the remote side.

Idle Bandwidth Optimization

The NetPerformer includes the IDLE STOP mechanism, which permits using less bandwidth when no calls are placed between the NetPerformer units on the BSC and BTS

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sides.

• When no call is detected between the two units, IDLE STOP is automatically activated after a 2-second delay

• When IDLE STOP is activated, only SIG packets are sent across the link via the GSM PVC

• If no signaling is present, nothing is sent over the GSM PVC. In this case, each NetPerformer unit rebuilds the IDLE traffic at its end of the network, and remains in sync with the other unit concerning the jitter level.

Constant Bandwidth Support

On the NetPerformer, constant bandwidth is achieved through dynamic Voice Activation Detection (VAD) and the suspension of the Silence Suppression mechanism in low traffic situations. When VAD is active, the NetPerformer generates constant-length IP frames for carrying the TRAU traffic.

Below a given number of simultaneous calls, Silence Suppression has more disadvantages than advantages, particularly when GSM traffic is transported over a satellite connection. Bandwidth usage is highly variable when few calls are placed between the BTS and BSC. This is not compatible with the requirements of a satellite application.

Dynamic VAD activation/deactivation is a configurable feature on the NetPerformer GSM PVC, using the following parameters:

• GSM VAD Activate threshold. The number of calls needed to activate VAD. When this threshold is reached, the NetPerformer deactivates Silence Suppres-sion and activates VAD to avoid unstable bandwidth usage.

• GSM VAD Deactivate threshold. The number of calls needed to deactivate VAD. When this threshold is reached, bandwidth usage is more constant. Here, the Net-Performer reactivates Silence Suppression and deactivates VAD.

NOTE: For dynamic VAD activation/deactivation to work, the GSM VAD Activate threshold must be higher than the GSM VAD Deactivate threshold. When both of these thresholds are set to zero, Silence Suppression is always active on the GSM PVC, and bandwidth usage may vary.

When VAD is active, the NetPerformer generates IP frames (which carry the TRAU traffic) of a constant length, based on the bandwidth used, the number of DSPs available to handle the traffic, and the desired VAD coefficient. The VAD levels can be fine-tuned to ensure constant bandwidth, using the GSM VAD A (bps), GSM VAD B (bps), and GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage) parameters. Details for these parameters are provided in the appendix “SE/PVC/#/GSM Configuration Parameters” on page 8-1.

NOTE: When VAD is active on a GSM PVC and several calls are placed at the same

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time, the required CIR is allocated immediately. If several calls hang up at the same time, the NetPerformer DSP deallocates the bandwidth only when the CIR returns to 2000 ms or less. This allows the NetPerformer to send the last frames queued for these calls, and ensures a more stable CIR when many calls are deallocated and reallocated at the same time.

Call Blocking

The Call Blocking feature permits rejecting new calls when a maximum threshold is reached.

• The GSM maximum calls parameter on the GSM PVC determines the maximum number of calls allowed before calls start to be rejected. When set to 0, no calls are rejected. See “GSM maximum calls” on page 8-5 for details.

• In an IGMP/Multicast application, a timer must also expire before Call Blocking will be activated. This timer is configured using the GSM parameter Call man-agement timeout (s). If no START or STOP message has been received for the duration of this timeout, calls are rejected on the basis of the GSM maximum calls parameter. When set to 0, the timer is deactivated.

Autodetection of Timeslot Subchannel Traffic Types

The NetPerformer can be configured to detect the kind of Abis traffic sent over each timeslot, and automatically define the subchannels required to support this traffic. The Autodetection function is activated by configuring the digital link to operate in either MASTER or SLAVE mode, using the LINK parameter GSM auto detect mode (refer to “Configuring the Digital Link” on page 2-8). You must also configure the NetPerformer to support GSM Abis traffic (refer to “Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM Abis” on page 2-5).

• MASTER: Initializes autodetection on the DSPs, and detects what channels are required based on traffic received over the link. When the MASTER link receives the configuration from the DSPs, it sends a configuration message to the SLAVE link on the remote unit. The MASTER is usually the link on the BSC side, but it can be on the BTS side if required by the application.

• SLAVE: No autodetection is performed on the link. Rather, the link waits for the configuration message sent from the MASTER. The SLAVE is usually on the BTS side, but can be on the BSC side if required by the application.

NOTE: A link defined in MASTER mode must face a link defined in SLAVE mode. Likewise, a SLAVE link must face a MASTER link.

Once the Abis timeslot subchannels are configured, they retain their settings until the Autodetection function restarts. A restart occurs when:

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GSM Solution

• The unit is powered up

• The link goes down (loss of SYNC on the interface)

• The link is activated (enabled through the LINK configuration).

Revising, Overriding and Disabling the Automatic Settings

• Revising: The NetPerformer can be configured to restart the autodetection proc-ess whenever the traffic type changes on a timeslot subchannel. The GSM param-eter Continuous AUTO detection controls this feature (see “Continuous AUTO detection” on page 6-3).

• Overriding: You can control which type of channel will be configured when SIG or TCH traffic is detected at the DSPs, using the GSM parameters Mode used when SIG detected (see “Mode used when SIG detected” on page 6-2) and Mode used when TCH detected (see “Mode used when TCH detected” on page 6-2).

• Disabling:

- When GSM auto detect mode on the digital link is set to DISABLE, you can configure the timeslot subchannels manually. This can be useful for special applications requiring fine-tuning of the type of traffic supported on individ-ual subchannels. For details, refer to “Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)” on page 2-18.

- GSM auto detect mode affects only those Abis timeslots that are configured with the GSM protocol (using the Protocol parameter in the SE/SLOT/CHAN-NEL submenu). If you do not want Autodetection to operate on a particular timeslot, set it to OFF or to another Protocol value.

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Load Balancing

As of version 10.4.0, the NetPerformer supports load balancing in a GSM application. With load balancing, you can set up multiple links between the same two units, using PVCR ports or PVCs.

To enable load balancing:

• Configure the number of PVCR links required (see “Configuring a T1 Physical Port (LINK)” on page 2-8)

• Set the Speed (bps) of all links going to the same destination to the same value, or as close to this as possible

• Leave the Allow load balancing port parameter at its default value: YES.

NOTE: Load balancing must be disabled for satellite backup. Set Allow load bal-ancing to NO in this case. Refer to “Satellite Backup” on page 3-9 for details.

GSM Frame Header and the Deactivation of Load Balancing

The GSM frame header used in NetPerformer V10.4.0 is now compatible with the frame header version used in NetPerformer V10.3.5. If the earlier frame header is detected on the remote unit, the local unit (running V10.4.0) switches to that header version. By implication, no new GSM features in V10.4.0 will be available on the connection, including Load Balancing.

To view the GSM frame header version in use, execute the Display GSM Information (DGSM) command. The Frame header version is displayed as 1 for V10.3.5 or earlier, or 2 for V10.4.0 R04 or later.

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2
Configuration
Important: The GSM Abis/Ater Option includes a Software Licensing Agreement, which can be found in the product package.

• You must agree to the terms and conditions of this agreement before loading the software.

• Each NetPerformer unit in the GSM Abis/Ater application requires a separate software license.

• The GSM Abis/Ater option can be loaded on an SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620 only.

Refer also to “Network Compatibility” on page 1-3.

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GSM Solution

2.1 Before You ConfigureThe GSM Abis/Ater software must be activated on the NetPerformer unit before you can configure and use any GSM A-bis/ter features. This requires entering the GSM Abis/Ater Software License to the License Profile.

NOTE: A specific License Profile is valid for a single NetPerformer unit only.

To prepare for GSM Abis/Ater configuration you must first:

• Install the NetPerformer unit according to the instructions given in the Hard-ware Installation Guide for the particular product, which is available on the NetPerformer Documentation CD (Order No. 161-0692-001, Part No. 520-0081-001).

• Install and activate the GSM Abis/Ater Option software license, following the procedure provided in the Software Licensing chapter of the Software Instal-lation and Licensing module of this document series.

NOTE: Install the GSM Abis/Ater Option on a remote unit before bringing up a connection with the NetPerformer at the central site.

• At any time, you can reset the unit configuration to its factory defaults: enter FS at the command prompt. The GSM Abis/Ater Option is reset along with all other areas of the configuration, and all previously defined values are lost.

When you execute the FS command, the NetPerformer unit clears its License Profile and resets all parameters to their default values. You must:

- Re-enter the GSM Abis/Ater Option software license, and

- Change all parameters involved in the application back to their required val-ues. Refer to “Configuration Procedure” on page 2-4.

2.1.1 Is the GSM Abis/Ater Option Already Installed?

To determine whether a NetPerformer unit is already installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option, execute any of the following commands, which include information on any optional software that has already been installed on the unit:

• Product License Status (PLS)

• Display Parameters (DP)

• Display Version (DV)

• Display Alarms (DA).

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Configuration

The PLS command provides a prompt to delete any software licenses currently installed, citing their license numbers.

PLS command: with GSM Abis/Ater option installed

SDM-9230>PLSPRODUCT LICENSE STATUSLICENSE> Enter a new license key (NO/YES,def:NO) ? NOLICENSE> Delete GSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) (NO/YES,def:NO) ? NO

For the DP, DV and DA commands, the message GSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) enabled on this unit indicates the software license number.

DP example: with GSM Abis/Ater option installed

SDM-9230>DPDISPLAY PARAMETERSItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/USER/VLAN,def:REDUNDANCY) ? ALLWait for <ENTER> after each screen (NO/YES,def:YES) ? NOSDM-9230 vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007Signaling Engine vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007DSP QCXXX.BIZ code version: X.X.XConsole connected on port CSLGSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) enabled on this unitGLOBAL> Unit name................................SDM-9230...

DV example: with GSM Abis/Ater option installed

SDM-9230>DVDISPLAY VERSIONSDM-9230 vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007Signaling Engine vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007DSP QCXXX.BIZ code version: X.X.XConsole connected on port CSLVoice transport method: PowerCellGSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) enabled on this unit

DA example: with GSM Abis/Ater option installed

SDM-9230>DADISPLAY ALARMSSDM-9230 vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007Signaling Engine vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007DSP QCXXX.BIZ code version: X.X.XConsole connected on port CSLVoice transport method: PowerCellGSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) enabled on this unitTime> THU 2007/03/08 11:16:16Alarm> PVC 2 UP (BSC) THU 2007/03/08 9:23:42Alarm> PVC 1 UP (BSC) THU 2007/03/08 9:23:39...

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GSM Solution

2.2 Configuration ProcedureThe NetPerformer is configured to support GSM traffic using the GSM, PVC, SLOT/LINK (or SPAN/LINK, on products with built-in E1/T1 interfaces) and SLOT/CHANNEL (or SPAN/CHANNEL) submenus of the SETUP (SE) console command.

In addition, there are parameters governing:

• Activation of an optional enhanced high-precision clock and, for an SDM-9210 installed with a G.823 PDH compliant clocking module, activation of the GPS port. Refer to “Enhanced High-precision Clocking” on page 3-2 for further information and activation procedures.

• For a TDMoIP application, the configuration of one or more PVCR PVCs that manage the GSM PVCs. Refer to “Configuring the NetPerformer for TDMoIP” on page 2-7. Redundant PVCR PVCs can be configured for higher network avail-ability, as described in “PVC Link Redundancy in a TDMoIP Application” on page 3-11.

• Fine-tuning of GSM and GPS operations for special applications, using an extended parameter set. Refer to the Extended Parameters module of this doc-ument series.

NOTE: Support of GSM A or E traffic is available with the NetPerformer base soft-ware on all products.

Figure 2-1: Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM A or E

Unit ID>(main prompt)

Setup (SE)

PVC

GSM

GSM (GS)

BSCABIS

MSCATER

BTSABIS

BSCATER

CHANNEL (CH)

GSM

LINK (LI)

NONE

SLOT (SL)

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Configuration

GSM A or E traffic requires SS7 signaling and digital voice channels that support the G.711, ACELP-CN or other voice codec. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM A/E Interface” on page 1-7 for a description of this application.

To configure a NetPerformer unit for support of GSM A or E:

• Define the physical port (LINK) on the T1 or E1 interface card using the SLOT/LINK submenu of the SETUP command.

The Signaling mode parameter must be set to NONE. Refer to:

- “Configuring a T1 Physical Port (LINK)” on page 2-8

- “Configuring an E1 Physical Port (LINK)” on page 2-10

• Define one or more channels to carry signaling information, using the SLOT/CHANNEL submenu of the SETUP command

The Protocol parameter must be set to SS7 or SS7MTP2. Refer to “Config-uring an SS7 Signaling Channel” on page 2-13

• Define one or more channels to carry voice traffic, using the SLOT/CHANNEL submenu of the SETUP command. The Protocol parameter can be set to G.711, ACELP-CN or another voice protocol typical of other digital voice applications. For configuration details, refer to the Digital Voice module of this document series.

NOTE: For a GSM A or E application the Location on the GSM network does not need to be defined, the GSM auto detect mode LINK parameter has no effect, and the GSM submenu of the SETUP command is not used.

2.2.1 Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM Abis

NOTE: Support of GSM Abis is available only on an SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620 installed with the GSM A-bis/ter licensed software option. For the installation procedure, refer to the Soft-ware Installation and Licensing module of this document series.

GSM Abis traffic requires timeslot subchannels that are configured for voice/data traffic (TCH) or signaling and O&M functions (SIG). The Location on the GSM network must also be defined on the GSM channel. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM Abis Interface” on page 1-10 for a description of this application.

To configure a NetPerformer unit for support of GSM Abis:


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• Configure the GSM parameters (SE/GSM), as described in “Configuring the GSM Parameters” on page 2-12

• Define the logical connections (channels) that carry GSM Abis traffic, using the SLOT/CHANNEL submenu of the SETUP command. Refer to “Configuring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL)” on page 2-16.

NOTE: An SS7 signaling channel is not required in an Abis application. All sig-naling is carried by the timeslot subchannels that are configured for this pur-pose. If you are configuring the timeslot subchannels manually, refer to “Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)” on page 2-18.

2.2.2 Configuring the NetPerformer for GSM Ater

NOTE: Support of GSM Ater is available only on an SDM-9210, SDM-9220, SDM-9230, SDM-9606 or SDM-9620 installed with the GSM A-bis/ter licensed software option. For the installation procedure, refer to the Soft-ware Installation and Licensing module of this document series.

GSM Ater traffic requires SS7 signaling and timeslot subchannels that carry voice or data only. The Location on the GSM network must also be defined on the GSM channel. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM Ater Interface” on page 1-16 for a description of this application.

To configure a NetPerformer unit for support of GSM Ater:





• Configure the GSM parameters (SE/GSM), as described in “Configuring the GSM Parameters” on page 2-12

• Define one or more channels to carry signaling information, using the SLOT/CHANNEL submenu of the SETUP command

The Protocol parameter must be set to SS7 or SS7MTP2. Refer to “Config-uring an SS7 Signaling Channel” on page 2-13

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Configuration

• Define the logical connections (channels) that carry GSM Ater traffic, using the SLOT/CHANNEL submenu of the SETUP command. Refer to “Configuring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL)” on page 2-16.

You must define the timeslot subchannels manually (TSSUB), with the TS subchannel mode parameter set to TCHD or TCHU on all timeslot subchan-nels. Refer to “Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)” on page 2-18.

2.2.3 Configuring the NetPerformer for TDMoIP

The TDMoIP application (packet over IP delivery) is described in “TDMoIP Application” on page 1-22. The following are general requirements for NetPerformer support of TDMoIP:

• The GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option must be activated on both NetPer-former units (BTS and BSC sides)

• IP connectivity is required on both NetPerformer units. Refer to the LAN Con-nection and IP Networks module of this document series

• A PVCR PVC must be defined on both NetPerformer units to manage the con-nection between them. This PVC must be configured for PVCR over IP, that is, with the Port parameter set to 0. Refer to the WAN/Frame Relay module of this document series.

PVCR PVCs can be configured between a unit or blade running GSM and a unit without the GSM software license. For a product that is not installed with the GSM license, set the PowerCell version global parameter to V2. This selects the latest PowerCell version, which provides an increased number of cell relay chan-nels for GSM support.

• One GSM PVC must be defined on each NetPerformer unit to transport the GSM traffic. See “Configuring the GSM PVCs” on page 2-14.

• Global parameters (SE/GLOBAL) that influence traffic shaping include:

- Global CIR for FR over IP

- Timer in ms for FR over IP

For details on the Global parameters, refer to the appendix SE/GLOBAL Config-uration Parameters in the Quick Configuration module of this document series.

Caution: Multihomed IP routing must not be used in a TDMoIP application. To turn it off, enter the following at the NetPerformer console command line:

EP IP MULTIHOMEDTYPE DISABLED

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GSM Solution

2.3 Configuring the Digital LinkThe SLOT/LINK submenu of the SETUP command includes all parameters that define the physical port (LINK) on a T1 or E1 interface card.

NOTE: The following procedures apply to all GSM interface types supported by the NetPerformer: A, E, Abis and Ater. However, the parameters listed are slightly different for a T1 versus an E1 interface card, and for a Dual Framer interface card versus a legacy digital interface card.

2.3.1 Configuring a T1 Physical Port (LINK)

To define the physical port on a T1 interface card:

1. Enter the menu sequence: SE SLOT

2. Select the Slot number

3. On a Dual Framer interface card only (E1/T1), select the Port number

4. Enter LINK

5. On a Dual Framer interface card only (E1/T1), define the Framer Type for this link. Enter T1

6. Set the Status to ENABLE to activate the physical link

NOTE: If the physical link is disabled, all data channels associated with this port are disabled as well. You can continue with channel configuration, and then enable the link at a later time.

7. Set Clock recovery to ENABLE if required for your application

8. Select the Digital port clock source, either INTERNAL or the slot number of the interface that provides the clock source

9. Set the Signaling mode to NONE

10. For an Abis application, set the GSM auto detect mode to:

• MASTER: To initialize autodetection on the DSPs, and detect what channels are required based on traffic received over the link.

When the MASTER link receives the configuration from the DSPs, it sends a configuration message to the SLAVE link on the remote unit. The MASTER is usually the link on the BSC side, but it can be on the BTS side if required by the application.

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Configuration

• SLAVE: No autodetection is performed on the link. Rather, the link waits for the configuration message sent from the MASTER.

• The SLAVE is usually on the BTS side, but can be on the BSC side if required by the application.

A link defined in MASTER mode must face a link defined in SLAVE mode. Likewise, a SLAVE link must face a MASTER link.

• DISABLE: The Autodetection feature is turned off, and you must configure the timeslot subchannels manually (refer to “Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)” on page 2-18).

The NetPerformer can also be configured to restart the autodetection process whenever the traffic type changes on a timeslot subchannel. The GSM parameter Continuous AUTO detection controls this feature (refer to “Configuring the GSM Parameters” on page 2-12).

GSM auto detect mode affects only those timeslots that are configured with the GSM protocol (using the Protocol parameter in the SE/SLOT/CHANNEL submenu). If you do not want Autodetection to operate on a particular timeslot in an Abis application, set the timeslot to OFF or to another Protocol value. Autode-tection does not apply to A, E or Ater traffic, and the GSM auto detect mode parameter has no effect on these applications.

11. Change the other digital link parameters from their default values, if desired.

For details on the other parameters listed for T1 link configuration, consult the appendix SE/SLOT/#/LINK Configuration Parameters in the Digital Data module of this document series.

SE/SLOT/#/LINK example: on a T1 interface card

SDM-9230-BSC>SESETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1/2/3,def:1) ? 1Port number (1/2,def:1) ? 1Item (LINK/CHANNEL,def:LINK) ? LINKPORT 100> Framer Type (def:E1) ? T1PORT 100> Status (def:DISABLE) ? ENABLEPORT 100> Clock recovery (def:DISABLE) ? GLOBAL > Digital port clock source (def:1) ? PORT 100> Signaling mode (def:NONE) ? PORT 100> Pcm encoding law (def:MU-LAW) ? PORT 100> Hunt Group Sorting (def:RRA) ?PORT 100> Idle code (def:7F) ? PORT 100> Zero suppression mode (def:B8ZS) ? PORT 100> Long Haul (def:NO) ?PORT 100> Framing mode (def:ESF) ? PORT 100> Line Build Out (def:0-133FT) ? PORT 100> Custom Waveform (def:DISABLE) ?PORT 100> Loopback (def:DISABLE) ? PORT 100> PVCR Link management (def:DISABLE) ?PORT 100> GSM auto detect mode (def:DISABLE) ? MASTER

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2.3.2 Configuring an E1 Physical Port (LINK)

To define the physical port on an E1 interface card:



3. On a Dual Framer interface card only (E1/T1), select the Port number

4. Enter LINK

5. On a Dual Framer interface card only (E1/T1), define the Framer Type for this link. Enter E1

6. Set the Status to ENABLE to activate the physical link

NOTE: If the physical link is disabled, all data channels associated with this port are disabled as well. You can continue with channel configuration, and then enable the link at a later time.

7. Set Clock recovery to ENABLE if required for your application

8. Select the Digital port clock source, either INTERNAL or the slot number of the interface that provides the clock source

9. Set the Signaling mode to NONE

10. For an Abis application, set the GSM auto detect mode to MASTER, SLAVE or DISABLE, as described for T1 link configuration on “For an Abis application, set the GSM auto detect mode to:” on page 2-8

A link defined in MASTER mode must face a link defined in SLAVE mode. Likewise, a SLAVE link must face a MASTER link.

11. Change the other digital link parameters from their default values, if desired.

For details on the other parameters listed for E1 link configuration, consult the appendix SE/SLOT/#/LINK Configuration Parameters in the Digital Data module of this document series.

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Configuration

SE/SLOT/#/LINK example: on an E1 interface card (Dual Framer)

SDM-9230-BTS>SESETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1/2/3,def:1) ? 3Port number (1/2,def:1) ? 1Item (LINK/CHANNEL,def:LINK) ?PORT 300> Framer Type (def:E1) ?PORT 300> Status (def:DISABLE) ? ENABLEPORT 300> Clock recovery (def:DISABLE) ? ENABLEGLOBAL > Digital port clock source (def:1) ? PORT 300> Signaling mode (def:NONE) ?PORT 300> Interface Mode (def:TE) ?PORT 300> Pcm encoding law (def:A-LAW) ? PORT 300> Hunt Group Sorting (def:RRA) ?PORT 300> Idle code (def:7E) ? PORT 300> Zero suppression mode (def:HDB3) ? PORT 300> Long Haul (def:NO) ?PORT 300> Impedance and Line Build Out (def:120 OHMS) ?PORT 300> Custom Waveform (def:DISABLE) ?PORT 300> CRC4 mode (def:ENABLE) ? PORT 300> International bit (def:ENABLE) ? PORT 300> Loopback (def:DISABLE) ? PORT 300> PVCR Link management (def:DISABLE) ?PORT 300> GSM auto detect mode (def:DISABLE) ? SLAVE

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GSM Solution

2.4 Configuring the GSM ParametersThe GSM submenu of the SETUP command includes all parameters that affect GSM operations on all digital channels that are configured for GSM Abis or Ater support on the NetPerformer unit.

NOTE: The GSM parameters appear only on a NetPerformer unit that has been installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option. They are applied globally to all GSM timeslot subchannels.

To configure the GSM parameters:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter the menu sequence: SE GSM

2. Specify the desired Jitter buffer (ms) for your application

3. Specify the Mode used when SIG detected and the Mode used when TCH detected on the timeslot subchannels

4. Disable Continuous AUTO detection, if desired (default ENABLE)

5. Set Activate 3G support to NO to disable 3G support and enable the second Ethernet port (default YES)

Any change to this parameter must be confirmed, and the unit must be reset with the Reset Unit (RU) command. See “Examples:” on page 6-4 for examples.

6. Enter the Call management timeout (s) for control of Call Blocking in an IGMP/Multicast application.

The GSM maximum calls parameter on the GSM PVC also determines how Call Blocking behaves. See “GSM maximum calls” on page 8-5.

SE/GSM example SDM-9230-BTS>SE

SETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? GSMGSM> Jitter buffer (ms) (4-160,inc:4,def:20) ?GSM> Mode used when SIG detected (def:SIG) ?GSM> Mode used when TCH detected (def:TCHD) ?GSM> Continuous AUTO detection (def:ENABLE) ?GSM> Activate 3G support (def:YES) ? NOGSM> Call management timeout (s) (0-255,inc:5,def:0) ?

Details on all of these parameters are provided in the appendix “SE/GSM Configuration Parameters” on page 6-1.

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Configuration

2.5 Configuring an SS7 Signaling ChannelAn SS7 signaling channel is required on the NetPerformer to support GSM A, E or Ater traffic. SS7 is available with the NetPerformer base product.

To define an SS7 signaling channel:



3. Enter CHANNEL

4. Select the Channel Number, or enter ALL to configure all channels at once

5. Set the Protocol to either:

• SS7: FISU spoofing. Only significant data is transmitted end to end, and idles and redundant data are handled locally

• SS7MTP2: MTP2 layer termination. No FISU or LSSU frames are transported to the remote side.

The NetPerformer unit at the remote end also requires a CHANNEL set to the same protocol.

6. Select the Timeslot to be assigned to this channel.

Any timeslot can be used as the SS7 signaling channel.

7. Change the Idle from its default value, if desired

8. Define the destination for all traffic from this channel:

• Remote unit

• Remote port number

9. Define the priority Class to which all traffic from this channel belongs

SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL example: for SS7 signaling channel

SDM-9230-MSC>SESETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1/2/3,def:1) ? 1Item (LINK/CHANNEL,def:LINK) ? CHANNELSLOT> Channel Number (101-131/ALL,def:101) ? 131PORT 131> Protocol (def:OFF) ? SS7PORT 131> Timeslot (def:3) ? 16PORT 131> Idle (def:FLAG) ?PORT 131> Remote unit (def:) SDM-9230-BSCPORT 131> Class (def:3) ?PORT 131> Remote port number (1-65534,def:131) ?

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2.6 Configuring the GSM PVCsA GSM PVC must be configured on each NetPerformer unit participating in a TDMoIP application. Refer to “TDMoIP Application” on page 1-22 for a description of this application.

Configuring and Activating the GSM PVCs

The GSM PVCs are configured using the PVC submenu of the SETUP (SE) command.

To configure a GSM PVC:

1. Enter the menu sequence: SE PVC at the NetPerformer command line prompt

2. Select the PVC number of the PVC you want to configure

3. Set the Mode parameter to GSM

4. Specify the GSM traffic type that will be carried by this PVC: TCH or NONE

TCH represents both voice/data traffic and signaling traffic in the TCH stream.

5. Set the Port to 0

6. Specify a unique DLCI address

7. Set the Committed Information rate

8. Set the Frame over IP characteristics:

• Frame over IP, source: enter the IP address of the source unit

• Frame over IP, destination: enter the IP address of the destination unit

• Frame over IP, port number: from 1 to 65535

• Frame over IP, DSCP: the relative priority from 0 to 63.

9. Set Use a forced route to YES, if desired, and specify the Port to be used. Enter a question mark ? for a full list of available ports

10. Set the GSM maximum calls for Call Blocking. The default value, 0, means no calls will be blocked.

Call Blocking can be used an IGMP/Multicast application. Refer to “GSM maximum calls” on page 8-5 for configuration details.

11. Configure the VAD parameters, if desired for your application (see “Constant Bandwidth Support” on page 1-26):

• GSM VAD Deactivate threshold

• GSM VAD Activate threshold

• GSM VAD A (bps)

• GSM VAD B (bps)

• GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage)

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Configuration

NOTE: Leave these parameters at zero (0) if constant bandwidth is not required.

12. The GSM group parameter is reserved for special applications. In most cases it should be left at its default value, 0. If changed, the same value must be configured on both the BTS-side and BSC-side units.

13. Set the GSM maximum frame size (default 1504 octets) to define the largest IP frame that can be sent.

14. Set the GSM pack delay (ms) for control of packetization on this PVC

15. For PVC link redundancy in a TDMoIP application, select the PVCR PVC that manages this PVC.

SE/PVC/GSM example SDM-9230-BSC>SE

SETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? PVCPVC number (1-300,def:1) ? 2PVC 2> Mode (def:OFF) ? GSMPVC 2> GSM traffic type (def:NONE) ? TCHPVC 2> Port (def:1 ) ? 0PVC 2> DLCI address (0-1022,def:0) ? 101PVC 2> Committed Information rate (4000-100000000,def:10000000) ?PVC 2> Frame over IP, source (def:000.000.000.000) ? 5.072.001.111PVC 2> Frame over IP, destination (def:000.000.000.000) ? 5.072.001.110PVC 2> Frame over IP, port number (1-65535,def:1024) ?PVC 2> Frame over IP, DSCP (0-63,def:0) ?PVC 2> Use a forced route (def:NO) ? YESPVC 2> Port (def:NONE) ? WAN 1PVC 2> GSM maximum calls (0: no call rejected) (0-10000,def:0) ?PVC 2> GSM VAD Deactivate threshold (0-10000,def:0) ? PVC 2> GSM VAD Activate threshold (0-10000,def:0) ? PVC 2> GSM VAD A (bps) (0-15000000,def:0) ? PVC 2> GSM VAD B (bps) (0-15000000,def:0) ? PVC 2> GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage) (0-100,def:0) ? PVC 2> GSM group (0-65535,def:0) ?PVC 2> GSM maximum frame size (1-1504,def:1504) ?PVC 2> GSM pack delay (ms) (0-100,inc:4,def:0) ?PVC 2> PVCR PVC that manages this PVC (def:NONE) ? FR-PVC 1

Details on these parameters can be found in the appendix “SE/PVC/#/GSM Configuration Parameters” on page 8-1.

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GSM Solution

2.7 Configuring the GSM Traffic Channels (CHANNEL)GSM channels are required on the NetPerformer to support GSM Abis or Ater traffic. They can be configured only on a NetPerformer unit that has been installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option.

The SLOT/CHANNEL submenu of the SETUP command includes all parameters that define the logical connections for GSM Abis or Ater traffic, including the channels, timeslots and timeslot subchannels (TSSUB).

In a GSM Abis or Ater application, each channel can contain only one timeslot, and each timeslot is divided into a number of subchannels. For Abis the type of traffic supported on the timeslot subchannels is determined in one of two ways, depending on the value of the GSM auto detect mode parameter on the digital link (see “For an Abis application, set the GSM auto detect mode to:” on page 2-8):

• GSM auto detect mode set to MASTER or SLAVE: The NetPerformer automati-cally configures the timeslot subchannels using its Autodetection function. You are not required to configure each subchannel independently.

• GSM auto detect mode set to DISABLE: You must configure the timeslot sub-channels manually. This is also the method used for an Ater configuration. Refer to “Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)” on page 2-18.

NOTE: The logical connections are defined in the exactly same way for GSM Abis and GSM Ater traffic. However, if you are defining the timeslot subchan-nels manually, the TS subchannel mode of a GSM Ater logical connection must be set to TCHD or TCHU for support of voice/data only, as all signaling is handled by the SS7 signaling channel. Refer to “Configuring an SS7 Sig-naling Channel” on page 2-13.

To define the GSM Abis or Ater logical connections:



3. Enter CHANNEL

4. Select the Channel Number, or enter ALL to configure all channels at once

5. Set the Protocol to GSM

NOTE: The NetPerformer unit at the remote end also requires a CHANNEL set to the GSM protocol.

If you do not want the NetPerformer to detect the traffic type automatically on

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Configuration

a specific timeslot, set the Protocol to OFF (the default value).

6. Select the Timeslot to be assigned to this channel

Only one Timeslot can be selected. Thus for a GSM channel, the Number of consecutive timeslots is a read-only parameter.

7. Set the Location on the GSM network to:

• BTS ABIS: To support Abis traffic at a remote site, where the channel is con-nected to the base transceiver station via the digital E1/T1 link

• BSC ABIS: To support Abis traffic at the hub site, where the channel is con-nected to the base station controller via the digital link

• BSC ATER: To support Ater traffic at a remote site, where the channel is con-nected to the base station controller via the digital link

• MSC ATER: To support Ater traffic at the hub site, where the channel is con-nected to the TRAU in front of the MSC via the digital link.

8. Specify the Vendor of the GSM units

9. If the value of the GSM auto detect mode on the digital link has been set to DISABLE (see “For an Abis application, set the GSM auto detect mode to:” on page 2-8), define the timeslot subchannel (TSSUB) parameters:

• TS subchannel mode: SIG, TCHU or TCHD

• Subchannel speed mask

• For a SIG timeslot subchannel, the Idle code

Refer to “Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)” on page 2-18.

10. Define the destination for all traffic from this channel:

• Remote unit

• Remote port number

SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL example, with Autodetection of timeslot subchannels

SDM-9230-BTS>SESETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1/2/3,def:1) ? 1Port number (1/2,def:1) ?Item (LINK/CHANNEL,def:LINK) ? CHANNELSLOT> Channel Number (101-131/ALL,def:101) ? 101PORT 101> Protocol (def:OFF) ? GSMPORT 101> Timeslot (def:1) ?PORT 101> Number of consecutive timeslots........1PORT 101> Location on the GSM network (def:BTS ABIS) ?

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GSM Solution

PORT 101> Vendor of the GSM units (def:ANY) ?TSSUB 1011> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? TCHDTSSUB 1011> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? C0TSSUB 1013> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? TCHDTSSUB 1013> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? 30TSSUB 1015> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? TCHDTSSUB 1015> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? 0CTSSUB 1017> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? SIGTSSUB 1017> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? 03TSSUB 1017> Idle code (def:7E) ?PORT 101> Remote unit (def:) ? SDM-9230-BSCPORT 101> Remote port number (1-65534,def:101) ?

Details on all of these parameters are provided in the appendix “SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL Configuration Parameters” on page 7-1.

2.7.1 Configuring the Timeslot Subchannels Manually (TSSUB)

If you have disabled the Autodetection function on the digital link (GSM auto detect mode set to DISABLE), all timeslot subchannels must be configured manually. This can be useful for special applications requiring fine-tuning of the type of traffic supported on individual subchannels.

The parameters for all timeslot subchannels (TSSUB) are presented during configuration of the GSM Abis or Ater logical connections (see the preceding section).

To define the GSM Abis/Ater timeslot subchannels manually:

1. Execute steps 1 to 7 described on “Enter the menu sequence: SE SLOT” on page 2-16

The TSSUB parameters are listed after the Vendor of the GSM units parameter. The prefix for each parameter indicates which subchannel is being configured, in the format TSSUB xxxy, where:

• xxx is the Channel Number

• y is the subchannel number.

NOTE: The NetPerformer will continue to prompt you for subchannel configuration information as long as the timeslot can handle another subchannel (a least one bit of the 64-Kbps timeslot is still available). A maximum of 8 subchannels are available per timeslot, e.g. TSSUB 1011 to TSSUB 1018.

2. Select the TS subchannel mode required for your application:

• SIG: Signaling channel, which may also contain operation and maintenance (O&M) information. Used in a GSM Abis application only

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Configuration

• TCHU: Uncompressed traffic channel using GSM Abis or Ater. Carries voice or data, but the frames are never compressed. This can be useful for transmitting GPRS traffic in a satellite application.

• TCHD: Dual rate traffic channel for voice or data using GSM Abis or Ater. In this mode, the subchannel is configured at 16 Kbps, and can process a single traffic stream at 16 Kbps or two traffic streams at 8 Kbps each. See “Dual Rate Traffic Channels” on page 1-14.

3. Set the Subchannel speed mask to a hexadecimal value. The speed mask determines which burst of the TDMA frame is handled by this timeslot subchannel (see “Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)” on page 5-10).

All bits set to 1 must be contiguous, and no Subchannel speed mask value can overlap the mask configured for another timeslot subchannel. The NetPerformer provides a warning if an improper value is entered. Refer to “Subchannel speed mask” on page 7-5 for details on this parameter.

4. For a SIG timeslot subchannel, change the Idle code from its default value, if desired.

5. Configure the remaining CHANNEL parameters (step 10 in “Define the destination for all traffic from this channel:” on page 2-17).

SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL example: for GSM Abis, with manual configuration of timeslot subchannels

SDM-9230-BTS>SESETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1/2/3,def:1) ? 1Item (LINK/CHANNEL,def:LINK) ? CHANNELSLOT> Channel Number (101-131/ALL,def:101) ? 116PORT 116> Protocol (def:OFF) ? GSMPORT 116> Timeslot (def:16) ?PORT 116> Number of consecutive timeslots........1PORT 116> Location on the GSM network (def:BTS ABIS) ?TSSUB 1161> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? TCHDTSSUB 1161> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? C0TSSUB 1162> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? TCHDTSSUB 1162> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? 30TSSUB 1163> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? TCHDTSSUB 1163> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? 0CTSSUB 1164> TS subchannel mode (def:OFF) ? SIGTSSUB 1164> Subchannel speed mask (def:00) ? 03TSSUB 1164> Idle code (def:7E) ?PORT 116> Remote unit (def:) ? SDM-9230-BSCPORT 116> Remote port number (1-65534,def:116) ?

Details on the TSSUB parameters are provided in the appendix “SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL Configuration Parameters” on page 7-1.

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GSM Solution

2.8 Extended ParametersSeveral extended parameters are available to fine-tune the NetPerformer for special GSM applications. These parameters are available from the NetPerformer console only under 4 subtypes of the Extended Parameters (EP) command:

• GSM: For fine-tuning GSM operations on the unit: BYPASSUDP, DSPCOMP, ETHTXOPT, FLOWCTLACCUMULATION, FROIPTXOPT, IDLEMARK, IDLESTOP, INTFSTATEVALIDATION, NBRXBUFFER, SIGBYPASSCR, TRAFFICPRIO, VOICEONLY

• PORT: For fine-tuning a PVCR port or channel that carries GSM traffic: GSMTXQTHRESHOLD, TXQDATALEVEL, TXQLOWLEVEL, TXQVOICELEVEL

• PVC: For fine-tuning a PVCR PVC and its related GSM PVC in a TDMoIP GSM application: TXONFRCHECKTIMER, TXQDATALEVEL, TXQLOWLEVEL, TXQVOICELEVEL

• GPS: For fine-tuning GPS operations and statistics: PLLENABLE, STATUS-SOURCE

Information on these parameters is available in the Extended Parameters module of the NetPerformer System Reference (Doc. No. 620-0216-021). For fast access, click on the parameter name in the document index.

2-20 Memotec Inc.

3
Advanced GSM Applications
This chapter includes a discussion of:

• “Enhanced High-precision Clocking” on page 3-2 (see next section)

• “Satellite Backup” on page 3-9.

• “PVC Link Redundancy in a TDMoIP Application” on page 3-11.

Memotec Inc. 3-1

GSM Solution

3.1 Enhanced High-precision ClockingHigh-precision clocking for synchronization and timing control is available as an enhancement option on the SDM-9210, SDM-9220 and SDM-9230. Contact Memotec Inc. or your NetPerformer distributor for ordering information. Options include:

• Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator (TCXO)

• Stratum 3 clock (TCXO-S3)

• G.823 PDH compliant GPS clocking module (for units installed with a GPS receiver only)

A TCXO clock is included with the GPS clocking module, in case the GPS signal is lost.

Enhanced clocking can be used for GSM applications that require TDMoIP (packet over IP delivery). In particular, it supports GSM A-bis traffic that is transported over a serial or packet network. In this application, the E1/T1 reference clocking source cannot be taken from the serial or Ethernet interface. Thus, without the NetPerformer enhanced clock, the clocks on the BTS and BSC will start drifting from each other.

• The NetPerformer on the BTS side must supply the clock to the BTS, and there-fore requires a precise clock source

• Precise clocking is not required for the NetPerformer on the BSC side, since it is able to retrieve the clock from the network.

A TDMoIP application with enhanced clocking is further discussed on “NetPerformer TDMoIP Application with Enhanced Clock” on page 1-22.

3.1.1 Activating the Enhanced Clock

All units installed with an enhanced high-precision clock are factory set to operate with the standard clock. If you want a unit to operate with the enhanced clock you must activate it from the NetPerformer console. In addition, you must identify which NetPerformer unit will provide the clock to the others.

To activate the enhanced clock:

1. Set the Digital port clock source parameter on the link to INTERNAL, using the SLOT/LINK submenu of the SETUP (SE) command. This setting will be applied to all active links on the unit.

Refer to the Digital Data module of the NetPerformer System Reference for details on this parameter.

2. Select the oscillator source. By default, the standard clock is activated on all units. You must change the oscillator source to activate an enhanced clock.

When the Digital port clock source is INTERNAL, the list of choices for the oscil-lator source corresponds to the clock module(s) that are installed on the unit.

- To view the available clocking options, enter the following at the NetPer-former command line prompt:

3-2 Memotec Inc.


EP GLOBAL OSCILLATORSOURCE ?

- To activate the TCXO clock, enter:

EP GLOBAL OSCILLATORSOURCE TCXO

- To activate the Stratum 3 clock, enter:

EP GLOBAL OSCILLATORSOURCE STRATUM-3

- To activate the GPS clocking module with TCXO clock, enter:

EP GLOBAL OSCILLATORSOURCE GPSTCXO

You must also activate the GPS port, as described in the next section.

- If you have already activated an enhanced clock, and want to use the standard clock instead, enter:

EP GLOBAL OSCILLATORSOURCE STD_OSC

The STD_OSC setting is the default value.

3.1.2 Activating the GPS Port

A GPS port with a BNC connector is available on the SDM-9210 unit for connection of a GPS antenna. Signals from a GPS satellite can be received by the GPS clocking module via this port only if the port is activated.

To activate the GPS port:


2. Enter 3 as the Slot number

3. Enter 301 as the Channel Number

4. Set the Protocol to GPS.

NOTE: If you leave the Protocol at its default value, OFF, the NetPerformer Phase Locked Loop (PLL) system is operative, but the GPS STATUS column of the Display GPS Status (DGPS) command will not be displayed at the console, and it will be difficult to determine whether the GPS function has successfully determined its position. Refer to “Display GPS Status (DGPS) Command” on page 4-12 for details on how to monitor GPS using the DGPS command.

SE/SLOT/#/PORT 301 example

SDM-9230-BTS>SESETUPItem (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GPS/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,def:BRIDGE) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1/3,def:1) ? 3

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GSM Solution

SLOT> Channel Number (301-301/ALL,def:301) ?PORT 301> Protocol (def:OFF) ? GPS

Port 301 behaves like any other WAN connection with respect to statistics and traffic capture commands:

• Display States (DS) command:

SDM-9230-BTS>DSDISPLAY STATESItem (GLOBAL/PORT/REDUNDANCY/SLOT,def:GLOBAL) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (3,def:3) ? 3SLOT> Channel Number (301,def:301) ? 301PORT 301> Protocol...............................GPSPORT 301> Interface..............................DTE-RS232PORT 301> Speed used (bps).......................38400PORT 301> TxC speed (bps)........................N.A.PORT 301> RxC speed (bps)........................N.A.PORT 301> Modem signals..........................STDRC-PORT 301> State..................................DATA

Modem signals: d(S)r d(T)r (D)cd (R)ts (C)ts r(I) (-)off

• Display Errors (DE) command:

SDM-9230-BTS>DEDISPLAY ERRORSItem (BOOTP/CHANNEL/DICT/GROUP/NAT/PORT/Q922/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/TIMEP,def:BOOTP) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (3,def:3) ? 3SLOT> Channel Number (301,def:301) ? 301PORT 301> Number of bad frames...................0 ------PORT 301> Number of underruns....................0PORT 301> Number of retries......................0PORT 301> Number of restarts.....................2PORT 301> Number of frames discarded (overrun)...0PORT 301> Number of octets discarded (bad).......0PORT 301> Number of octets discarded (overrun)...0

Bad flags: U:Bad LENGTH Q:Overflow F:Flush S:Overrun B:Bad CRC A:Abort

• Display Counters (DC) command:

SDM-9230-BTS>DCDISPLAY COUNTERSLast counter reset : WED 2007/03/07 10:38:52Item (BOOTP/CHANNEL/CONFIG/DNS/GROUP/IP/NAT/PORT/Q922/Q933/QOS/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/SNMP/TIMEP,def:BOOTP) ? SLOTCounters (MEAN/PEAK,def:MEAN) ?SLOT> Slot number (3,def:3) ? 3

3-4 Memotec Inc.


SLOT> Channel Number (301,def:301) ? 301PORT 301> Transmitter rate.......................0 % (M)PORT 301> Receiver rate..........................0 % (M)PORT 301> Number of frames transmitted...........0PORT 301> Number of frames received..............0PORT 301> Number of octets transmitted...........868PORT 301> Number of octets received..............150636

• Setup Capture (SC) command:

SDM-9230-BTS>SCSETUP CAPTURECapture ITEM (DSP/PORT/PU/PVC/SE/SLOT/SVC,def:DSP) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (3,def:3) ? 3SLOT> Channel Number (301,def:301) ? 301Capture another item, please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ?Capture direction (def:BOTH) ?Capture mode (def:CONTINUE) ?Capture ending (def:MANUAL) ?Capture activation (def:BACKGROUND) ?Start Capture (def:YES) ?The capture is activated in background

• View Capture (VC) command:

SDM-9230-BTS> VCVIEW CAPTURECapture is running, stop capture? (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YESInclude WAN 301 (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Decode control field (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Display block headers (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Capture Direction (RX/TX/BOTH,def:BOTH) ?Display ASCII? (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YESInclude Unrequested Blocks? (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Decode With Starting Block Number (1-47,def:1) ?Wait for <ENTER> after each screen (NO/YES,def:YES) ?

SDM-9210 v10.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007Code base v10.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007BOOTSTRAP vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007BOOT vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007Hardware Info> Processor version (PVR): 0x8082Hardware Info> Processor revision (PVR): 0x2013Hardware Info> Processor mask number (IMMR): 0x0A01Hardware Info> CPM RISC microcode revision: 0x0070Hardware Info> Main board Id: 5Hardware Info> Main FPGA version id: 3.4.0 option id: 2Hardware Info> PBUS module: Precision clock (type=1)

Unit name: 9230>

Capture started> WED 2007/03/07 10:58:36Capture ended> WED 2007/03/07 10:58:40

Memotec Inc. 3-5

GSM Solution

TIME(SEC)DIR INDEX TYPE LNG DATA0.000 RX WAN WAN 301 COMPLETE 48 BLOCK = 1

24475047 4C4C2C34 3532352E 37303937 $GPGLL,4525.7097 38302C4E 2C303733 32372E34 39343938 80,N,07327.49498 392C572C 30303139 32392E37 34342C56 9,W,001929.744,V

0.012 RX WAN WAN 301 COMPLETE 48 BLOCK = 2

2C4E2A35 300D0A24 4750524D 432C3030 ,N*50..$GPRMC,00 31393239 2E373434 2C562C34 3532352E 1929.744,V,4525. 37303937 38302C4E 2C303733 32372E34 709780,N,07327.4

0.025 RX WAN WAN 301 COMPLETE 48 BLOCK = 3

39343938 392C572C 302E3030 302C302E 94989,W,0.000,0. 30302C30 3630312D 32302C2C 2C4E2A37 00,0601-20,,,N*7 460D0A24 47504747 412C3030 31393239 F..$GPGGA,001929

...

3-6 Memotec Inc.


3.2 About the Prioritization of GSM TrafficThis application takes advantage of PowerCell tunneling over the WAN (see “PowerCell Tunneling of Abis Traffic over Various WAN Networks” on page 1-14), and permits the prioritization of GSM traffic with respect to other traffic types using IP precedence settings in a TDMoIP application.

NOTE: This application requires a GSM PVC and a PVCRoIP PVC, as described in “Configuring the NetPerformer for TDMoIP” on page 2-7.

3.2.1 Uses and Benefits

GSM traffic prioritization guarantees that high-priority traffic, i.e. signaling traffic, will be handled first by the satellite modems. This is particularly useful when the satellite modems control QOS levels.

• The satellite modem does the traffic shaping

• A PowerCell connection can be configured on the NetPerformer to match the required QOS levels, e.g. to prioritize SIG frames

• When the GSM license is active, Cell Packetization can be configured on the WAN port to permit longer frames

Figure 3-1: IP Precedence for GSM Traffic

Satellite

Satellite dish Satellite dish

SDM-9230

TDMA

P O WE R F A U L T D A T A AL A R M

SatelliteModem

POWERFAULTDATAALARM

SatelliteModem

SIG

TCH BSC

SDM-9230

SIG

TCH

PVC #1Mode: PVCRoIPTraffic type: PVCRPrecedence: 3

PVC #2Mode: GSMTraffic type: TCH & SIGPrecedence: 5

Memotec Inc. 3-7

GSM Solution

• As a result, the NetPerformer is better able to provide sufficient bandwidth for all traffic types.

3.2.2 How It Works

This application is based on PVCR over IP (see “PowerCell Encapsulation of Abis Traffic” on page 1-14) using a port configuration that integrates PVCs designed to carry GSM traffic.

• The NetPerformer on the BSC side receives signaling traffic (SIG), voice (TCH) and WAN traffic from the NetPerformer on the BSC side.

• The value of the Frame over IP, precedence parameter on the PVCRoIP PVC specifies the class of service.

The specific priority level of each class will vary depending on the IP service provided (private or public). However, 0 (zero) is commonly associated with the lowest priority level, and 7 the highest priority level.

• By default, PVCR traffic is automatically assigned higher priority than GSM traf-fic when it is sent over the network. To give GSM traffic higher priority, set the Frame over IP, precedence parameter on the PVCRoIP PVC to a relatively low value, e.g. 3.

3-8 Memotec Inc.


3.3 Satellite BackupThe NetPerformer is able to back up a terrestrial E1 link with a satellite E1 link. One application of this is to back up a GSM dedicated link over E1 with a satellite link that also uses an E1 interface. Satellite backup can be configured on the NetPerformer when the E1 links are configured for Standard or Bypass operation.

NOTE: Bypass operation is available on the SDM-9210 only, and requires a specially designed E1/T1 interface. Hardware strapping is also required on the interface (jumper pins installed on jumpers J8 and J9). For details, refer to the SDM-9210 Hardware Installation Guide.

3.3.1 E1 Standard Mode

• The backup link is activated automatically if the terrestrial link fails

• The BTS and BSC must be configured for satellite operation

• The NetPerformer is always optimizing A.bis traffic in this scenario.

Figure 3-2: Satellite Backup in E1 Standard Mode

Memotec Inc. 3-9

GSM Solution

3.3.2 E1 Bypass Mode

• During normal operation the SDM-9210 on the BTS side has all E1 links set to Bypass mode (the Interface operating mode parameter set to MANUAL BYPASS).

• If the terrestrial link fails, backup is activated via satellite upon manual interven-tion by the operator (jumper settings on the E1/T1 Bypass interface)

• The BTS/BSC configuration needs to be changed for satellite operation.

3.3.3 Configuration

Two parameters have been added to the configuration of a PVCR port and PVCR PVC to permit satellite backup:

• Allow load balancing. Indicates whether this PVCR port or PVC performs load balancing. Set to NO to disable load balancing. By default load balancing is ena-bled (YES).

• When Allow load balancing is set to NO, a second parameter is available: Link rank in the group. This parameter indicates the relative ranking of this link (or PVCR connection). The primary link must take the value 1. The first secondary link must take the value 2. The other secondary links must take values from 3 to 10.

Both of these parameters are available for all serial WAN ports, WAN ports on the digital interfaces, Frame Relay PVCs in PVCR mode, ATM PVCs in ATMPVCR mode and ATM SVCs in ATMPVCR mode.

Figure 3-3: Satellite Backup in E1 Bypass Mode

3-10 Memotec Inc.


3.4 PVC Link Redundancy in a TDMoIP ApplicationOn the NetPerformer, a backup PVCR PVC can be configured to carry traffic from another PVCR PVC that goes down. When applied to a TDMoIP application, this can provide higher availability for GSM traffic, since an alternate ISP can be used if the Internet path goes down.


• The NetPerformer units on both the BTS and BSC sides of the network are con-figured with GSM channels, 2 GSM PVCs and 2 PVCRoIP PVCs.

• Each GSM PVC transports the GSM traffic from one NetPerformer unit to the other via one of the IP networks. The bulk of the traffic load is handled by these PVCs.

• The PVCR PVCs manage the GSM PVCs. Both PVCR PVCs go to the same des-tination, but through different IP networks. The traffic on these PVCs is primarily Hello packets, which ascertain the current status of the WAN connection.

• Only one PVCR PVC carries traffic at a time. Load balancing must be disabled between the two PVCR PVCs by setting the Allow load balancing parameter to NO.

• One PVCR PVC is configured as the primary link, by setting the Link rank in the group parameter to 1. The PVCR PVC that provides the backup link is config-ured with Link rank in the group set to 2.

• If the primary link goes down, traffic is routed over the backup link. When the primary link comes back up, the traffic is routed back to it.

• Each GSM PVC is bound to a PVCR PVC using the parameter PVCR PVC that manages this PVC. In this way, the GSM PVC follows the state (up or down) of its managing PVCR PVC.

3.4.1 Configuration Example

In this example, PVCs 1 and 2 use the Internet connection supplied by ISP #1. PVCs 3 and 4 use the Internet connection supplied by ISP #2. PVC 1 is configured as the primary link, and PVC 3 as the backup link. If ISP #1 goes down, traffic is switched to IPS #2.

Figure 3-4: PVC Link Redundancy for High Internet Availability

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GSM Solution

PVCR PVC 1

BSC>DPDISPLAY PARAMETERSItem (BRIDGE/CLASS/CUSTOM/GLOBAL/GSM/IP/IPX/PORT/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/SNMP/SS7/USER/ALL,def:PVC) ? PVCPVC number (1-300,def:1) ? 1PVC 1> Mode......................................PVCRPVC 1> Port......................................0PVC 1> DLCI address..............................1PVC 1> Committed Information rate................2048000PVC 1> Remote unit name..........................PVC 1> Type......................................DEDICATEDPVC 1> Timeout (ms)..............................1000PVC 1> Number of retransmission retries..........100PVC 1> Compression...............................YESPVC 1> IP address................................000.000.000.000PVC 1> Subnet mask (number of bits)..............8 {255.000.000.000}PVC 1> NAT enable................................NOPVC 1> TCP acceleration..........................NOPVC 1> BRG connection............................NOPVC 1> Filter....................................ALLPVC 1> Maximum number of voice channels..........10000PVC 1> Maximum Voice Channels If High Priority Data 10000PVC 1> Frame over IP, source.....................005.051.005.002PVC 1> Frame over IP, destination................005.051.004.001PVC 1> Frame over IP, port number................1024PVC 1> Frame over IP, DSCP.......................0PVC 1> Use a forced route........................NOPVC 1> Use this port as default gateway..........NOPVC 1> Redundant link............................NOPVC 1> GSM group.................................0PVC 1> Allow load balancing......................NOPVC 1> Link rank in the group....................1

GSM PVC 2

BSC>DPDISPLAY PARAMETERSItem (BRIDGE/CLASS/CUSTOM/GLOBAL/GSM/IP/IPX/PORT/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/SNMP/SS7/USER/ALL,def:PVC) ? PVCPVC number (1-300,def:1) ? 2PVC 2> Mode......................................GSMPVC 2> GSM traffic type..........................TCHPVC 2> Port......................................0PVC 2> DLCI address..............................2PVC 2> Committed Information rate................2048000PVC 2> Frame over IP, source.....................005.051.005.002PVC 2> Frame over IP, destination................005.051.004.001PVC 2> Frame over IP, port number................1024PVC 2> Frame over IP, DSCP.......................0

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PVC 2> Use a forced route........................NOPVC 2> GSM maximum calls (0: no call rejected)...0PVC 2> GSM VAD Deactivate threshold..............0PVC 2> GSM VAD Activate threshold................0PVC 2> GSM VAD A (bps)...........................0PVC 2> GSM VAD B (bps)...........................0PVC 2> GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage).....0PVC 2> GSM group.................................0PVC 2> GSM maximum frame size....................1504PVC 2> GSM pack delay (ms).......................0PVC 2> PVCR PVC that manages this PVC............FR-PVC 1

PVCR PVC 3

BSC>DPDISPLAY PARAMETERSItem (BRIDGE/CLASS/CUSTOM/GLOBAL/GSM/IP/IPX/PORT/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/SNMP/SS7/USER/ALL,def:PVC) ? PVCPVC number (1-300,def:2) ? 3PVC 3> Mode......................................PVCRPVC 3> Port......................................0PVC 3> DLCI address..............................3PVC 3> Committed Information rate................2048000PVC 3> Remote unit name..........................PVC 3> Type......................................DEDICATEDPVC 3> Timeout (ms)..............................1000PVC 3> Number of retransmission retries..........100PVC 3> Compression...............................YESPVC 3> IP address................................000.000.000.000PVC 3> Subnet mask (number of bits)..............8 {255.000.000.000}PVC 3> NAT enable................................NOPVC 3> TCP acceleration..........................NOPVC 3> BRG connection............................NOPVC 3> Filter....................................ALLPVC 3> Maximum number of voice channels..........10000PVC 3> Maximum Voice Channels If High Priority Data 10000PVC 3> Frame over IP, source.....................005.051.008.002PVC 3> Frame over IP, destination................005.051.008.001PVC 3> Frame over IP, port number................1024PVC 3> Frame over IP, DSCP.......................0PVC 3> Use a forced route........................NOPVC 3> Use this port as default gateway..........NOPVC 3> Redundant link............................NOPVC 3> GSM group.................................0PVC 3> Allow load balancing......................NOPVC 3> Link rank in the group....................2

GSM PVC 4

BSCAF.BSC>DP

Memotec Inc. 3-13

GSM Solution

DISPLAY PARAMETERSItem (BRIDGE/CLASS/CUSTOM/GLOBAL/GSM/IP/IPX/PORT/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/SNMP/SS7/USER/ALL,def:PVC) ? PVCPVC number (1-300,def:3) ? 4PVC 4> Mode......................................GSMPVC 4> GSM traffic type..........................NONEPVC 4> Port......................................0PVC 4> DLCI address..............................4PVC 4> Committed Information rate................2048000PVC 4> Frame over IP, source.....................005.051.008.002PVC 4> Frame over IP, destination................005.051.008.001PVC 4> Frame over IP, port number................1024PVC 4> Frame over IP, DSCP.......................0PVC 4> Use a forced route........................NOPVC 4> GSM maximum calls (0: no call rejected)...0PVC 4> GSM VAD Deactivate threshold..............0PVC 4> GSM VAD Activate threshold................0PVC 4> GSM VAD A (bps)...........................0PVC 4> GSM VAD B (bps)...........................0PVC 4> GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage).....0PVC 4> GSM group.................................0PVC 4> GSM maximum frame size....................1504PVC 4> GSM pack delay (ms).......................0PVC 4> PVCR PVC that manages this PVC............FR-PVC 3

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4
Monitoring and Statistics
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GSM Solution

4.1 About Monitoring and StatisticsSeveral commands are available from the console to view the status of GSM connections on the NetPerformer:

• The Display GSM Channels (DCH) command provides a real-time analysis of the status and errors for each timeslot subchannel (see next section)

• The Display GSM TS Channel Allocation (DTSCH) command shows what type of GSM Abis traffic is being carried by each timeslot subchannel (see “Display GSM TS Channel Allocation (DTSCH) Command” on page 4-6)

• The Display DSP Allocation (DDSP) command indicates how the DSP channels are allocated to the timeslots (see “Display DSP Allocation (DDSP) Command” on page 4-9)

• The Display Jitter Level (DJL) command displays the amount of jitter that is occurring on each timeslot subchannel, compared to the configured jitter level (see “Display Jitter Level (DJL) Command” on page 4-10)

• The Display GPS Status (DGPS) command shows the current status of GPS func-tions and Phase Locked Loop (PLL) activities (“Display GPS Status (DGPS) Command” on page 4-12)

• Use the GSM option of the Display Counters (DC) command to view the GSM traffic types and number of calls supported, or the SLOT option for the transmit and receive traffic counters (see “Display Counters (DC) Command” on page 4-17)

• The SLOT option of the Display Errors (DE) command shows the values of the error counters for the digital channels and timeslot subchannels (see “Display Errors (DE) Command” on page 4-19)

• Current status information can be viewed using the SLOT option of the Display States (DS) command (see “Display States (DS) Command” on page 4-20)

• Perform a traffic capture using the Setup Capture (SC) and Start Capture (STC) command, and display the result with the View Capture (VC) command. The dis-play includes decoding of the various communication protocols on all ports, as well as call setup on the TCH. PCM raw data capture is also available (see “PCM Raw Data Capture” on page 4-30).

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• Debugging tools such as the ELOG command are also available for the use of NetPerformer Technical Support personnel (see “Error Log” on page 4-32).

Two practical procedures for monitoring GSM operations are also provided in this chapter:

• “Monitoring Activation of the Autodetection Function” on page 4-21

• “Monitoring 3G Support Deactivation” on page 4-24.

Figure 4-1: GSM Display Commands in the CLI Tree

Unit ID>(main prompt)

Display GSMChannels (DCH)

Real-timestatus &

errors

Display States(DS)

DisplayCounters

(DC)

Display Errors(DE)

GSM traffictypes

GSM

Trafficcounters(tx & rx)

SLOT

Error counters

SLOT

Current status

SLOT

Real-time timeslotactivity

Display GSM TSChannel Allocation

(DTSCH)

Display DSPAllocation (DDSP)

Channelallocation

Display JitterLevel (DJL)

Jitter buffer

Display GPSStatus (DGPS)

GPS & PLL

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GSM Solution

4.2 Display GSM Channels (DCH) CommandThis command allows you to view the activity and total number of errors for each timeslot subchannel.

To execute the DCH command:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter: DCH

2. Select the Speed (bps) that the statistics will be sent to the console.

- The default speed is 115200 bps. Select this speed by pressing the carriage return.

- Enter a different speed after the Speed (bps) prompt. Valid values are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800, 38400, 57600 and 115200 bps.

- Once the speed is set, this question is not asked again during the same console session.

3. To scroll through the statistics for all timeslot subchannels:

- UP and DOWN arrow keys: to view lower or higher numbered timeslot subchannels, respectively

- HOME: to view the first timeslot subchannels

- END: to view the last timeslot subchannels.

4. The DCH command is available only on a NetPerformer unit that has been installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option. It is not listed on other units.

DCH exampleSDM-9230-BTS>DCHDISPLAY GSM CHANNELSSpeed (bps) (def:115200) ? 9600--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| CH# TS ST ERR RX TX | CH# TS ST ERR RX TX | CH# TS ST ERR RX TX |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1011 1 DA 0 41% 19% | 1013 1 DA 0 41% 19% | 1015 1 DA 0 41% 19% || 1017 1 DA 0 41% 19% | 1021 2 DA 0 41% 19% | 1023 2 DA 0 41% 19% || 1025 2 DA 0 41% 19% | 1027 2 DA 0 41% 19% | 1031 3 DA 0 41% 19% || 1033 3 DA 0 41% 19% | 1035 3 DA 0 41% 19% | 1037 3 DA 0 41% 19% || 1041 4 DA 0 41% 19% | 1043 4 DA 0 41% 19% | 1045 4 DA 0 41% 19% || 1047 4 DA 0 41% 19% | 1051 5 DA 0 41% 19% | 1053 5 DA 0 41% 19% || 1055 5 DA 0 41% 19% | 1057 5 DA 0 41% 19% | 1061 6 DA 0 41% 19% || 1063 6 DA 0 41% 19% | 1065 6 DA 0 41% 19% | 1067 6 DA 0 41% 19% || 1071 7 DA 0 41% 19% | 1073 7 DA 0 41% 19% | 1075 7 DA 0 41% 19% || 1077 7 DA 0 41% 19% | 1081 8 DA 0 41% 19% | 1083 8 DA 0 41% 19% || 1085 8 DA 0 41% 19% | 1087 8 DA 0 41% 19% | 1091 9 DA 0 41% 19% || 1093 9 DA 0 41% 19% | 1095 9 DA 0 41% 19% | 1097 9 DA 0 41% 19% || 1101 10 DA 0 41% 19% | 1103 10 DA 0 41% 19% | 1105 10 DA 0 41% 19% || 1107 10 DA 0 41% 19% | 1111 11 DA 0 41% 19% | 1113 11 DA 0 41% 19% || 1115 11 DA 0 41% 19% | 1117 11 DA 0 41% 19% | 1121 12 DA 0 41% 19% || 1123 12 DA 0 41% 19% | 1125 12 DA 0 41% 19% | 1127 12 DA 0 41% 19% || 1131 13 DA 0 41% 19% | 1133 13 DA 0 41% 19% | 1135 13 DA 0 41% 19% || 1137 13 DA 0 41% 19% | 1141 14 DA 0 41% 19% | 1143 14 DA 0 41% 19% || 1145 14 DA 0 41% 19% | 1147 14 DA 0 41% 19% | 1151 15 DA 0 41% 19% || 1153 15 DA 0 41% 19% | 1155 15 DA 0 41% 19% | 1157 15 DA 0 41% 19% |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll. Press any other key to exit.

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NOTE: The format (horizontal alignment) of this display has been changed slightly to accommodate 4-digit port numbers and 5-digit TSSUB numbers on SDM-9620 spans numbered 10 and higher.

The columns in the DCH display provide the following information:

• CH#: Timeslot subchannel number

• TS: Timeslot number

This number is also indicated by the second and third digits of the timeslot subchannel number.

• ST: Current state of this timeslot subchannel, which may be:

- ID: Idle

- DA: Data

- PA: Pause

- CA: Call

- OF: Off

- ST: Standby

• ERR: Total number of errors that have occurred on this timeslot subchannel. For details on these errors, execute the SLOT option of the Display Errors (DE) com-mand (see “Display Errors (DE) Command” on page 4-19)

• RX: The percentage of the bandwidth used for traffic received on this timeslot subchannel

• TX: The percentage of the bandwidth used for traffic transmitted from this times-lot subchannel.

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GSM Solution

4.3 Display GSM TS Channel Allocation (DTSCH) Com-mand

This command displays the current timeslot configuration for the digital interface, and shows what type of GSM Abis traffic is being carried by each timeslot subchannel. The display is continuously updated in real time.

The DTSCH command also shows the number of active calls on the digital interface that is currently displayed (Current slot), and for all digital interfaces on the unit (All slots).

To execute the DTSCH command:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter: DTSCH

2. Select the GSM traffic direction, either INCOMING or OUTGOING

3. Select the Speed (bps) that the statistics will be sent to the console.

• The default speed is 115200 bps. Select this speed by pressing the carriage return.

• Enter a different speed after the Speed (bps) prompt. Valid values are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800, 38400, 57600 and 115200 bps.

• Once the speed is set, this question is not asked again during the same console session.

4. To scroll through the statistics for all timeslot subchannels:

• UP and DOWN arrow keys: to view lower or higher numbered timeslot subchan-nels, respectively

• LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys: to view the timeslot subchannels of another port

• HOME: to view the first timeslot subchannels of the current port

• END: to view the last timeslot subchannels of the current port.

5. A fast access method is also available, where you press a single key to bring up the display of a specific span. This method uses a pseudo-hexadecimal correspondence between span numbers and key numbers:

• Spans 1 to 9: Press 1 to 9

• Spans 10 to 15: Press A to F

• Span 16: Press 0

At the bottom of the screen the message Other keys : press K is displayed. Press the K key for an on-screen explanation of single keystroke access to span statistics.

NOTE: The DTSCH command is available only on a NetPerformer unit that has been installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option. It is not listed on other units.

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DTSCH example

SDM-9230-BTS>DTSCHDISPLAY GSM TS CHANNEL ALLOCATIONGSM traffic direction (INCOMING/OUTGOING,def:INCOMING) ?Speed (bps) (def:115200) ?

--------------------------------- SLOT 1-1 : E1 ----------------------INCOMING--| | Number of active calls: Current slot=48 All slots=48 || # TS| Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|101 1|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||102 2|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||103 3|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||104 4|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||105 5|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||106 6|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||107 7|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||108 8|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||109 9|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||110 10|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||111 11|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||112 12|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||113 13|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||114 14|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||115 15|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||116 16|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||117 17|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->||118 18|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|<----AMR_670---->|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll.Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to change slot. Press any other key to exit.


The first line of the display indicates the slot-port number, the type of digital interface and whether the traffic is INCOMING or OUTGOING.

The columns in the DTSCH display provide the following information:

• #: The channel number

• TS: The timeslot number

• Bitn: The location of the timeslot subchannels, represented according to bit structure from MSB (Bit7) to LSB (Bit0)

• For each timeslot subchannel, the subchannel mode or type of traffic currently being carried by that timeslot subchannel is displayed beneath the applicable Bitn columns:

- AMR_475: Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) at 16 Kbps, using 4.75 Kbps mode

- AMR_515: AMR at 16 Kbps, using 5.15 Kbps mode





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GSM Solution

- AMR1020: AMR at 16 Kbps, using 10.2 Kbps mode


- AMR_SID: AMR at 16 Kbps, using Silence Descriptor (SID)

- AMR_SIDU: AMR at 16 Kbps, using Silence Descriptor Update (SIDU)






- AMRSID: AMR at 8 Kbps, using SID

- AMRSIDU: AMR at 8 Kbps, using SIDU

- BLOCKED: Call blocking in effect on this timeslot subchannel

- DATA_RA8: Full or Half Rate Data – 8K

- DATA_RA16: Full or Half Rate Data – 16K

- DOWN: The timeslot subchannel is down between the two NetPerformer units

- EDATA: Extended Data

- EDATA_SYNC: Extended Data - Synchronous

- EFR: Enhanced Full Rate

- FR: Full Rate

- GPRS_SYNC: GPRS at 16 Kbps, using Sync indicator

- HDLC: HDLC channel

- HR: Half Rate

- HR_O&M: Half Rate Operation and Maintenance

- HR_S: Half Rate for Siemens™

- IDLESP: Idle speech frame

- IDLETR: Idle TRAU frame

- O&M: Operation and maintenance information processed by the DSP

- PASSTH: PASSTHRU channel

- SIG: Signaling processed by the DSP

- SS7: SS7 channel

- UNCOMP: Uncompressed TRAU frame

- UNKNOWN: Unknown frame type; the host application did not recognize the frame received from the DSP.

4-8 Memotec Inc.


4.4 Display DSP Allocation (DDSP) CommandThis command displays the DSP channel allocation according to channel profile.

To execute the DDSP command:

• At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter: DDSP.

DDSP exampleSDM-9230-BTS>DDSPDISPLAY DSP ALLOCATIONDSP CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10 1 101 102 103 104 105 106 2 107 108 109 110 111 112 3 113 114 115 116 117 118 4 119 120 121 122 123 124 5 125 126 127 128 129 130 6 131 151 152 153 154 155 7 156 157 158 159 160 161 8 162 163 164 165 166 167 9 168 169 170 171 172 17310 174 175 176 177 178 17911 180 1811213141516171819202122<ENTER>2324


Memotec Inc. 4-9

GSM Solution

4.5 Display Jitter Level (DJL) CommandThis command allows you to view the current jitter level on each timeslot subchannel, and compare it with the configured jitter level.

To execute the DJL command:

• At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter: DJL.

NOTE: The DJL command is available only on a NetPerformer unit that has been installed with the GSM Abis/Ater licensed software option. It is not listed on other units.

DJL exampleBSC>DJLDISPLAY GSM JITTER LEVEL--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| CH# TS ST JITTER LEVEL | CH# TS ST JITTER LEVEL | CH# TS ST JITTER LEVEL |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1011 1 DA 8 packets | 1013 1 DA 8 packets | 1015 1 DA 8 packets || 1017 1 DA 8 packets | 1021 2 DA 8 packets | 1023 2 DA 8 packets || 1025 2 DA 8 packets | 1027 2 DA 8 packets | 1031 3 DA 8 packets || 1033 3 DA 8 packets | 1035 3 DA 8 packets | 1037 3 DA 8 packets || 1041 4 DA 8 packets | 1043 4 DA 8 packets | 1045 4 DA 8 packets || 1047 4 DA 8 packets | 1051 5 DA 8 packets | 1053 5 DA 8 packets || 1055 5 DA 8 packets | 1057 5 DA 8 packets | 1061 6 DA 8 packets || 1063 6 DA 8 packets | 1065 6 DA 8 packets | 1067 6 DA 8 packets || || || || || || || || || || || || |------Configured Jitter Level: 8 ---------------------------------------------- Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll. Press any other key to exit.

The columns in the DJL display provide the following information:

• CH#: Timeslot subchannel number

• TS: Timeslot number

This number is also indicated by the second and third digits of the timeslot subchannel number.

• ST: Current state of this timeslot subchannel, which may be:

- ID: Idle

- DA: Data

- PA: Pause

- CA: Call

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- OF: Off

- ST: Standby

• JITTER LEVEL: The amount of jitter on the timeslot subchannel, in packets. Each packet is equivalent to 4ms of data.

For comparison purposes, the Configured Jitter Level is provided at the bottom of the screen. In the above example the value is 8 packets, which indicates that the Jitter buffer (ms) parameter is configured to 32 ms.

Memotec Inc. 4-11

GSM Solution

4.6 Display GPS Status (DGPS) CommandThis command provides information about the current status of the GPS receiver installed in the NetPerformer unit, and related Phase Locked Loop (PLL) activities. The DGPS command has three submenus:

• STATUS (see next section)

• LOG (see “Viewing the GPS Log” on page 4-14)

• VERSION (see “Viewing the GPS Version” on page 4-16).

NOTE: The DGPS command is available only on a NetPerformer unit that has been installed with the GPS G.823 PDH compliant clocking module. It is not listed on other units.

4.6.1 Viewing the GPS Receiver and PLL Status

To view the status of the GPS receiver and PLL activities:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter: DGPS

2. At the GPS prompt, enter STATUS.

The display is divided into two columns, labelled GPS STATUS (see next section) and PLL STATUS (see “PLL Status” on page 4-14).

DGPS/STATUS example 9230>DGPS

DISPLAY GPS STATUSGPS (def:STATUS) ? STATUS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| GPS STATUS PLL STATUS |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| UTC Time: 000347.664 State: HOLDOVER || UTC Date: 0601-20 Nb Samples: 239 || Latitude: 4525.709780 N PHn: 2.427380 || Longitude: 07327.494989 W XLP: 0.000000 || Sats used in pos: 2 YLP: 0.000000 || Fix status: No fix (NF) YPI: 0.000000 || Time Accuracy: 99999 DAC: 36448 || Receiver Dynamics: 1 Status: 0201001D || Sat: 30 signal: 29 Fault: NO || Sat: 31 signal: 30 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 || Sat: 0 signal: 0 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Press ESC or any other key to exit.

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4.6.2 GPS Status

The GPS STATUS column indicates:

• UTC Time: The current time, in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

• UTC Date: The current date, UTC

• Latitude: The current latitude of the GPS receiver

• Longitude: The current longitude of the GPS receiver

• Sats used in pos: The number of satellites providing global positioning infor-mation to the GPS receiver

• Fix status: The status of the current fix, or position established by the GPS receiver, which is shown in two fields:

- GPS status: Either No Fix or GPS Fix

- GPS fix solution (in brackets):

(NF): No fix

(G2): Standalone 2D solution

(G3): Standalone 3D solution.

• Time accuracy: The estimated time accuracy of the GPS solution. The lower the value, the better the clock accuracy.

Typically, after GPS startup, this value decreases gradually (indicating the clock accuracy is improving) and eventually stabilizes once the satellite survey period is complete (indicated by a Receiver dynamics value of 0).

• Receiver dynamics: Indicates the dynamic of the GPS Receiver, which may be:

- 0: Fixed base station

- 1: Stationary, but unknown position

Typically, after GPS startup, the Receiver dynamics is at 1. Once the satellite survey period is complete (about 20 minutes), it changes to 0.

• Sat: A unique number assigned to each satellite that is currently sending a signal to the GPS receiver. Up to 12 satellites can be supported at one time.

• signal: The signal-to-noise ratio for each satellite detected. The higher the value, the more dependable the signal. A value lower than 18 is considered inadequate for precise clocking.

NOTE: The GPS STATUS column is not displayed if the GPS port is not activated. Refer to “Activating the GPS Port” on page 3-3.

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GSM Solution

4.6.3 PLL Status

NOTE: The PLL STATUS column is not displayed if the extended GPS parameter PLLENABLE is set to NO.

The PLL STATUS column indicates:

• State: The current state of the Phase Locked Loop function, which may be:

- INIT: Initializing

- TRACKING: Clocking is following the GPS signal

- HOLDOVER: The GPS signal has been lost or is no longer dependable. Clocking is now being based on the frequency of the last dependable GPS sig-nal detected.

- OFF: The PLL function is disabled. The entire PLL STATUS column is hid-den when PLL is disabled.

• Nb samples: The number of samples received. This counter increases once every second.

• PHn: The raw phase comparator sample value, an internal parameter of the PLL used for testing purposes. Deviations in this value are important for tracking and synchronization.

• XLP: The input to a Low Pass filter, representing the phase comparator sample value derived from PHn. The PLL tries to maintain XLP at 0.

• YLP: The output from a Low Pass filter. Its value should fluctuate around 0 with minimal deviations.

• YPI: The output of an integrator, used to determine the operating point of a Dig-ital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), which controls the oscillator of the PLL.

• DAC: The actual value being used to control the DAC (from 0 to 65535). This value should be fairly stable, although slight variations are normal. The typical operating point is around 38000 when using a TCXO clock.

Steady DAC values of 0 or 65535 may indicate a potential problem, but could occur temporarily during GPS startup.

• Status: Displays very low-level PLL status flags.

• Fault: Displays a real-time indication of PLL fault detection, in particular, the detection of excessive phase comparator slippage.

4.6.4 Viewing the GPS Log

To view the GPS log:


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2. At the GPS prompt, enter LOG

3. Select the GPS Entry:

- FAST: (default value) To show the latest sample in the log only. This is a sin-gle snapshot of the PLL Status information (see “PLL Status” on page 4-14).

- LOG: To show several samples in the log. Specify the range using the First record to display and Last record to display parameters.

DGPS/LOG example: showing the latest sample only

9230>DGPSDISPLAY GPS STATUSGPS (def:STATUS) ? LOGGPS Entry (def:FAST) ?

---------------------------------------------------------------| nb_samples | PHn | XLP | YLP || YPI | DAC | STAT | FAULT ||---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------|| 330 | 1.248 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO | ---------------------------------------------------------------

DGPS/LOG example: showing several samples

9230>DGPSDISPLAY GPS STATUSGPS (def:STATUS) ? LOGGPS Entry (def:FAST) ? LOGFirst record to display (0-147483647,def:0) ?Last record to display (0-147483647,def:0) ? 16 ---------------------------------------------------------------| nb_samples | PHn | XLP | YLP || YPI | DAC | STAT | FAULT ||---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------|| 0 | 2.738 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 1 | 2.614 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 2 | 2.427 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 3 | 2.148 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 4 | 1.869 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 5 | 1.621 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 6 | 1.341 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 7 | 2.955 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO || 8 | 2.583 | 0.000 | 0.000 || 0.000 | 36448 | 0201001D | NO | ---------------------------------------------------------------

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4.6.5 Viewing the GPS Version

To view the version of the GPS chip:


2. At the GPS prompt, enter VERSION.

DGPS/VERSION example

9230>DGPSDISPLAY GPS STATUSGPS (def:STATUS) ? VERSION

GPS version: CW25-TIM 1.79-00.02.00bM

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4.7 Display Counters (DC) Command

4.7.1 GSM Traffic Counters

The GSM traffic counters display information concerning the number of successful and blocked calls, and the number of frames transmitted for each type of GSM traffic supported. These counters are displayed with the GSM option of the DC command.

To view the GSM traffic counters:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter the menu sequence: DC SLOT

2. Enter the Slot number

3. Enter the Port number or ALL to display all ports in this slot

4. Enter the Channel Number or ALL to display all channels of this port

5. Set Display counters set to zero to:

- YES: to display all GSM traffic statistics, even those with a zero value

- NO: to display only those statistics which have a non-zero value.

6. Select the Traffic direction, either INCOMING or OUTGOING.

DC/GSM example SDM-9230-BSC>DC

DISPLAY COUNTERSLast counter reset : THU 2007/03/08 17:59:33Item (BOOTP/CHANNEL/CONFIG/DNS/GROUP/GSM/IP/NAT/PORT/PVC/Q922/Q933/QOS/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/SNMP/TIMEP,def:BOOTP) ? GSMGSM> Slot number (1,def:1) ? 1GSM> Port number (1/2/ALL,def:ALL) ? 1GSM> Channel Number (101/102/103/104/105/106/ALL,def:ALL) ? 101GSM> Display counters set to zero (Default value:NO, Current value:NO) ?GSM> Traffic direction (INCOMING/OUTGOING,def:INCOMING) ?

GSM> Total number of active calls................24

GSM> Total number of blocked calls...............0

TSSUB 1011> Uncompressed TRAU frames.............33 (0%)TSSUB 1011> Compressed EFR good voice frames.....596656 (85%)TSSUB 1011> Compressed EFR good CN frames........103001 (15%)TSSUB 1011> TOTAL................................699690 (100%)


TSSUB 1015> Uncompressed TRAU frames.............33 (0%)TSSUB 1015> Compressed EFR good voice frames.....596656 (85%)TSSUB 1015> Compressed EFR good CN frames........103001 (15%)

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GSM Solution

TSSUB 1015> TOTAL................................699690 (100%)



4.7.2 Transmit and Receive Traffic Counters

The transmit and receive traffic counters for the timeslot subchannels are similar to those for digital data channels. These counters are displayed with the SLOT option of the DC command.

To view the transmit and receive traffic counters:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter the menu sequence: DC SLOT


3. Enter the Port number or ALL to display all ports in this slot

4. Enter the Channel Number or ALL to display all channels of this port

DC/SLOT example SDM-9230-BSC>DC

DISPLAY COUNTERSItem (BOOTP/CHANNEL/CONFIG/DNS/GROUP/GSM/IP/NAT/PORT/PVC/Q922/Q933/QOS/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/SNMP/TIMEP,def:BOOTP) ? SLOTCounters (MEAN/PEAK,def:MEAN) ?SLOT> Slot number (1,def:1) ? 1SLOT> Port number (1/2/ALL,def:1) ?SLOT> Channel Number (101/102/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113/114/115/116/117/118/119/120/121/122/123/124/125/126/127/128/129/130/131/ALL,def:ALL) ? 101TSSUB 1011> Transmitter rate.....................0 % (M)TSSUB 1011> Receiver rate........................0 % (M)TSSUB 1011> Remote packet transmission rate......100 % (M)TSSUB 1011> Number of frames transmitted.........37000147TSSUB 1011> Number of frames received............37987404TSSUB 1011> Number of octets transmitted.........19489400TSSUB 1011> Number of octets received............17520912...

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4.8 Display Errors (DE) CommandDetails on timeslot subchannel errors are displayed with the SLOT option of the DE command.

To view the timeslot subchannel errors:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter the menu sequence: DE SLOT


3. Enter the Channel Number or ALL to display all channels on this slot.

DE/SLOT example SDM-9230-BSC>DE

DISPLAY ERRORSItem (BOOTP/CHANNEL/DICT/GROUP/NAT/PORT/PVC/Q922/REDUNDANCY/SLOT/TIMEP,def:BOOTP) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1,def:1) ? 1SLOT> Channel Number (100/101/102/103/104/105/106/ALL,def:ALL) ? 101TSSUB 1011> Number of bad subchannels............0TSSUB 1011> Number of unavailable subchannels....0TSSUB 1011> Number of decode buffer empty errors.0TSSUB 1011> Number of min frame length errors....0TSSUB 1011> Number of jitter overflows...........0TSSUB 1011> Number of jitter underflows..........0TSSUB 1011> Number of jitter zero length errors..0TSSUB 1011> Number of jitter_long length errors..0TSSUB 1011> Number of bad frame type errors......0TSSUB 1011> No. of bad DSP packet length errors..0TSSUB 1011> Number of missing frame errors.......0TSSUB 1011> Number of samples discarded..........0TSSUB 1011> Number of unexpected seq. numbers....0

TSSUB 1013> Number of bad subchannels............0TSSUB 1013> Number of unavailable subchannels....0TSSUB 1013> Number of decode buffer empty errors.0TSSUB 1013> Number of min frame length errors....0TSSUB 1013> Number of jitter overflows...........0TSSUB 1013> Number of jitter underflows..........0TSSUB 1013> Number of jitter zero length errors..0TSSUB 1013> Number of jitter_long length errors..0TSSUB 1013> Number of bad frame type errors......0TSSUB 1013> No. of bad DSP packet length errors..0TSSUB 1013> Number of missing frame errors.......0TSSUB 1013> Number of samples discarded..........0TSSUB 1013> Number of unexpected seq. numbers....0...

Bad flags: U:Bad LENGTH Q:Overflow F:Flush S:Overrun B:Bad CRC A:Abort

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GSM Solution

4.9 Display States (DS) CommandThe status information for timeslot subchannels is similar to that for digital data channels, and includes the Protocol, Speed used in bps, the Modem signals used, and the current State of the connection. These status indicators are displayed with the SLOT option of the DS command.

To execute the DS command:

• At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter the menu sequence: DS SLOT.

DS/SLOT example SDM-9230-BTS>DS

DISPLAY STATESItem (GLOBAL/PORT/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SLOT,def:GLOBAL) ? SLOTSLOT> Slot number (1/2/ALL,def:1) ?SLOT> Channel Number (100/101/102/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113/114/115/116/117/118/119/ALL,def:ALL) ?PORT 100> State..................................IN SYNCPORT 100> Interface..............................E1-TE

TSSUB 1011> Protocol.............................TCHDTSSUB 1011> Speed used (bps).....................16000TSSUB 1011> Modem signals........................STDRC-TSSUB 1011> State................................DATA

TSSUB 1012> Protocol.............................SIGTSSUB 1012> Speed used (bps).....................16000TSSUB 1012> Modem signals........................STDRC-TSSUB 1012> State................................DATA

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4.10 Monitoring Procedures

4.10.1 Monitoring Activation of the Autodetection Function

The NetPerformer Autodetection function for an Abis application is described on “Autodetection of Timeslot Subchannel Traffic Types” on page 1-27. Its configuration is addressed on “For an Abis application, set the GSM auto detect mode to:” on page 2-8. In the following example:

• The digital link on the BTS side is set to SLAVE mode for the GSM auto detect mode parameter

• The digital link on the BSC side is set to MASTER mode

• Autodetection is activated on the first 6 timeslots (Protocol parameter set to GSM)

• The other timeslots are set to OFF.

To verify successful activation of the Autodetection function:

1. Execute the DTSCH command on the unit on the BSC side.

With Autodetection, all timeslot subchannels are configured in TCHD mode by default during startup. If the NetPerformer subsequently detects signaling on a particular timeslot subchannel, it changes the mode to SIG.

BSC>DTSCHDISPLAY GSM TS CHANNEL ALLOCATION------------------------------ SLOT 1-1 : E1 ----------------------------------| | Number of active calls: Current slot=0 All slots=0 || # TS| Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|101 1|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||102 2|<---------------------------------SIG--------------------------------->||103 3|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||104 4|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||105 5|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||106 6|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|| | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll.Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to change slot. Press any other key to exit.

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GSM Solution

2. Execute the DPORT command on the BSC side to view the timeslot subchannel configuration.

BSC>DPORTDISPLAY PORT STATES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|PORT# PROTOCOL INTERFACE SPEED MODEM STATE DELAY || (BPS) SIGNALS |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1 PVCR DTE-V35 2048k STDRC- DATA 4ms || 1011 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1013 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1015 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1017 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1021 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1023 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1025 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1027 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1031 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1033 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1035 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1037 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1041 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1043 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1045 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1047 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || || Modem signals: d(S)r d(T)r (D)cd (R)ts (C)ts r(I) (-)off |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll. Press any other key to exit.

NOTE: When the MASTER link receives the timeslot subchannel configuration from the DSPs it configures its own timeslot subchannels, and sends a configura-tion message to the SLAVE link for the timeslot subchannels on the remote unit. The timeslot subchannels are thus configured identically on both sides of the connection. They retain these settings until the Autodetection process is restarted (refer to “Autodetection of Timeslot Subchannel Traffic Types” on page 1-27 for restart conditions).

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3. Execute the DTSCH command on the BTS side to confirm successful implementation of the configuration message from the BSC side.

BTS>DTSCHDISPLAY GSM TS CHANNEL ALLOCATION------------------------------ SLOT 1-1 : E1 ----------------------------------| | Number of active calls: Current slot=0 All slots=0 || # TS| Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|101 1|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||102 2|<---------------------------------SIG--------------------------------->||103 3|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||104 4|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||105 5|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->||106 6|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|<-----IDLETR---->|| | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll.Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to change slot. Press any other key to exit.

4. Execute the DPORT command on the BTS side to confirm that its timeslot subchannel configuration is identical to that on the BSC side.

BTS>DPORTDISPLAY PORT STATES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|PORT# PROTOCOL INTERFACE SPEED MODEM STATE DELAY || (BPS) SIGNALS |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1 PVCR DTE-V35 2048k STDRC- DATA 4ms || 1011 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1013 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1015 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1017 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1021 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1023 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1025 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1027 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1031 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1033 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1035 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1037 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1041 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1043 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1045 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1047 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || || Modem signals: d(S)r d(T)r (D)cd (R)ts (C)ts r(I) (-)off |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll. Press any other key to exit.

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GSM Solution

4.10.2 Monitoring 3G Support Deactivation

NetPerformer 3G support is described on “GSM 2/2.5G and 3G Convergence” on page 1-20. Its configuration is addressed on “Set Activate 3G support to NO to disable 3G support and enable the second Ethernet port (default YES)” on page 2-12. In the following example, 3G support is activated on both units (on the BTS and BSC sides). It is deactivated on the unit on the BSC side, which is accessed using the NetPerformer console Relay (RE) command from the BTS unit console.

To monitor the effects of deactivating 3G Support:

1. Execute the RE command to access the remote unit on the BSC side.

BTS>RERELAYUnit name (def:) ? BSCPress ENTER three times to connectPress CTRL/Z three times to exit+SDM-9230 vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007+Signaling Engine vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007+DSP QCxxx.BIZ code version: X.X.X+Console connected through link relay+Voice transport method: PowerCell+GSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) enabled on this unit+Display commands, type HE+BSC>

2. When 3G support is active on a unit, the second Ethernet port is deactivated. To confirm this, execute the SE command, select the PORT submenu, and enter ETH2.

+BSC>SE+SETUP+Item (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/+PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,+def:BRIDGE) ? PORT+Port number (ETH1/ETH2/CSL/1,def:ETH1) ? ETH2+PORT ETH 2> Protocol.............................OFF

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3. Execute the DPORT command to view the current port and channel configuration for the unit on the BSC side.

In this example, an ATM channel has been configured on timeslot 151.

+BSC>DPORT+DISPLAY PORT STATES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|PORT# PROTOCOL INTERFACE SPEED MODEM STATE DELAY || (BPS) SIGNALS |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1 PVCR DTE-V35 6144k STDRC- DATA 4ms || 151 ATM E1-TE 64000 ST-RC- DOWN || 1011 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1013 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1015 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1017 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1021 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1031 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1041 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1051 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1061 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1071 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1081 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1091 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1101 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1111 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1121 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || || Modem signals: d(S)r d(T)r (D)cd (R)ts (C)ts r(I) (-)off |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll. Press any other key to exit.

4. Execute the DPVC command to view the current PVC configuration.

+BSC>DPVC+DISPLAY PVC STATES+PVC TYPE (ATM/FR,def:FR) ?-----------------------------------FR PVC---------------------------------------|PVC MODE INFO. SPEED PORT DLCI DESTINATION STATE & || SIGNALS (BPS) NAME DELAY(MS) |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1 PVCR off line 56000 WAN 1 0 CALL || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || Information signals: NETwork/USER (N)ew (A)ctive (C)ir (F)ecn (B)ecn (-)off |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll. Press any other key to exit.

5. Execute the SE command and select the PVC submenu to define an ATMPVCR PVC on the unit on the BSC side.

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This is not required for the application, but to show how disabling 3G support affects the configuration of ATM PVCs.

+BSC>SE+SETUP+Item (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/+PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,+def:BRIDGE) ? PVC+PVC number (1-300,def:1) ? 1+PVC 1> Mode (def:PVCR) ? ?+CHOICE: OFF ATMPVCR ATM-MULTIPLEX ATMPPP BROADCAST+ FRF.8 MULTIPLEX PVCR RFC1483 RFC1490+ TRANSP GSM++PVC 1> Mode (Default value:PVCR, Current value:PVCR) ? ATMPVCR+PVC 1> VPI address (0-63,def:0) ?+PVC 1> VCI address (0-1023,def:32) ?+PVC 1> Service category (def:UBR) ?...

6. Execute the SP command to save the configuration.

This step is not required if you execute the RU command.

+BSC>SP+SAVE PROFILE+Save Configuration, please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YES

7. Execute the SE command and select the GSM submenu to deactivate 3G support.

+BSC>SE+SETUP+Item (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/+PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,+def:BRIDGE) ? GSM+GSM> TCH channel management......................PERMANENT+GSM> Jitter buffer (ms) (4-160,inc:4,def:20) ?+GSM> Mode used when SIG detected (def:SIG) ?+GSM> Mode used when TCH detected (def:TCHD) ?+GSM> Continuous AUTO detection (def:ENABLE) ?+GSM> Activate 3G support (def:YES) ? NO+WARNING: This will deactivate all ATM functions and activate the second+Ethernet port on this unit.+Please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YES+NOTE: To apply this change, execute the Reset Unit (RU) command.

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8. Execute the RU command to apply the change to the Activate 3G support parameter. When the unit restarts, it will no longer support 3G.

+BSC>RU+RESET UNIT+Reset unit, please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YES+Unit restarted !++SDM-9230 vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007+Signaling Engine vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007+DSP QCxxx.BIZ code version: X.X.X+Console connected through link relay+Voice transport method: PowerCell+GSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) enabled on this unit+Display commands, type HE

9. Execute the DA command to confirm a successful unit reset.

+BSC>DA+DISPLAY ALARMS+SDM-9230 vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007+Signaling Engine vX.X.X Memotec Inc. (c) 2007+DSP QCxxx.BIZ code version: X.X.X+Console connected through link relay+Voice transport method: PowerCell+GSM license (AAAA-BBBB-CCCCCCCC-DDDD) enabled on this unit+Time> TUE 2007/03/06 14:48:00+Alarm> LINK 100 IN SYNC TUE 2007/03/06 14:47:58+Alarm> LINK 1 UP (BTS) TUE 2007/03/06 14:47:57+Alarm> SOFT START (RST) TUE 2007/03/06 14:47:47+Alarm> RESET BY USER TUE 2007/03/06 14:47:20+Alarm> LINK 100 IN SYNC TUE 2007/03/06 13:53:37+Alarm> LINK 1 UP (BTS) TUE 2007/03/06 13:53:35+Alarm> LINK 1 DOWN (BTS) TUE 2007/03/06 13:53:22+<ENTER> <Esc>

10. Execute the DJ command to see that all ATM functions have been disabled on this unit (the last line in this example).

+BSC>DJ+DISPLAY JOURNAL LOG+Display full log (NO/YES,def:NO) ?++Time> TUE 2007/03/06 14:48:10++2007/03/06 14:48:01 [tssub 1301] SpeedMask CHANGED FROM: 0x0 TO:

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0xff+2007/03/06 14:48:01 [tssub 1301] Mode CHANGED FROM: OFF TO SIG+2007/03/06 14:48:01 [tssub 1291] SpeedMask CHANGED FROM: 0x0 TO: 0xff+2007/03/06 14:48:01 [tssub 1291] Mode CHANGED FROM: OFF TO SIG+2007/03/06 14:48:01 [tssub 1251] SpeedMask CHANGED FROM: 0x0 TO: 0xff......+2007/03/06 14:48:00 [tssub 1011] SpeedMask CHANGED FROM: 0x0 TO: 0xc0+2007/03/06 14:48:00 [tssub 1011] Mode CHANGED FROM: OFF TO TCHD+2007/03/06 14:47:59 ***********gsm_start_auto_detect_process+2007/03/06 14:47:52 ***********gsm_start_auto_detect_process+2007/03/06 14:47:52 [atmpvc 1] ATM protocol (10) not supported...

11. Execute the SE command and select the PORT submenu. The second Ethernet port is now available for configuration and LAN/IP connectivity.

+BSC>SE+SETUP+Item (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/+PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,+def:BRIDGE) ? PORT+Port number (ETH1/ETH2/CSL/1,def:ETH1) ? ETH2+PORT ETH 2> Protocol (def:ETH AUTO) ? ?+CHOICE: OFF ETH AUTO ETH 802.3 ETH V2++PORT ETH 2> Protocol+ (Default value:ETH AUTO, Current value:ETH AUTO) ?...

12. Execute the SE command and select the PVC submenu to see that the ATMPVCR PVC has been turned off (Mode changed to OFF), and that ATM PVCs are no longer offered as possible values for the PVC Mode parameter.

+BSC>SE+SETUP+Item (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/+PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,+def:BRIDGE) ? PVC+PVC number (1-300,def:1) ?+PVC 1> Mode (def:OFF) ? ?+CHOICE: OFF BROADCAST MULTIPLEX PVCR RFC1490 TRANSP GSM++PVC 1> Mode (Default value:PVCR, Current value:OFF) ?

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13. Execute the SE command and select the SLOT/CHANNEL submenu to see that the ATM channel has been turned off (Protocol changed to OFF), and that the value ATM is no longer available for the Protocol parameter.

+BSC>SE+SETUP+Item (BRIDGE/CALLER ID/CLASS/CUSTOM/FILTER/GLOBAL/GSM/HUNT/IP/IPX/MAP/+PHONE/PORT/PU/PPPOE/PPPUSER/PVC/REDUNDANCY/SCHEDULE/SLOT/SS7/USER/VLAN,+def:BRIDGE) ? SLOT+SLOT> Slot number (1,def:1) ? 1+Port number (1/2,def:1) ? 2+Item (LINK/CHANNEL,def:LINK) ? C+SLOT> Channel Number (151-181/ALL,def:151) ?+PORT 151> Protocol (def:OFF) ? ?+CHOICE: OFF BSC COP FR-NET FR-USER+ HDLC HDLCOFR P-SDLC PASSTHRU PASSTHRUOFR+ PPP PVCR R-ASYNC RSP S-SDLC+ T-ASYNC X25

14. Execute the DPORT command to see that the ATM channel (timeslot 151) is no longer listed.

+BSC>DPORT+DISPLAY PORT STATES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|PORT# PROTOCOL INTERFACE SPEED MODEM STATE DELAY || (BPS) SIGNALS |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1 PVCR DTE-V35 6144k STDRC- DATA 9ms || 1011 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1013 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1015 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1017 TCHD E1-NT 16000 STDRC- DATA || 1021 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1031 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1041 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1051 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1061 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1071 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1081 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1091 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1101 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1111 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1121 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || 1131 SIG E1-NT 64000 STDRC- DATA || || Modem signals: d(S)r d(T)r (D)cd (R)ts (C)ts r(I) (-)off |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use HOME, END, UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll. Press any other key to exit.

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4.11 PCM Raw Data CapturePCM raw data can be captured on a specific timeslot or channel of a DSP, as an option of the Setup Capture (SC) command. The capture can be executed one channel at a time, or for all channels of a specific DSP.

Multiple captures of different channels cannot be executed at once. Also, the capture of a specific timeslot subchannel (TSSUB) is not available.

To capture PCM raw data:

1. At the NetPerformer command line prompt, enter the menu sequence: SC DSP

2. Enter the Capture DSP number

3. Enter the Channel Number

4. Enter YES at the Capture PCM raw data prompt

5. Specify the other capture parameters, as required.

Examples

On a unit with the following DSP allocation:

BTS>DDSPDISPLAY DSP ALLOCATIONDSP CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH101 101 102 103 104 105 1062 107 108 109 110 111 1123

Enter the following to capture the PCM raw data on a single channel, in this case, channel 102:

BTS>SCSETUP CAPTURECapture ITEM (DSP/PORT/PU/PVC/SE/SLOT/SPECIAL/SVC,def:DSP) ?Capture DSP number (1/2/3/ALL,def:ALL) ? 1SLOT> Channel Number (101/102/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113/114/115/116/117/118/119/120/121/122/123/124/125/126/127/128/129/130/131/151/ALL,def:ALL) ? 102Capture DSP Pings (NO/YES,def:NO) ?Capture DSP Data (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Capture DSP non-data (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Capture PCM raw data (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YESCapture another item, please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ?Capture direction (def:BOTH) ?Capture mode (def:CONTINUE) ?Capture ending (def:MANUAL) ?Capture activation (def:FOREGROUND) ?Start Capture (def:YES) ?

Enter the following to capture the PCM raw data of all channels on DSP 2 (channels 107 to 112):

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BTS>SCSETUP CAPTURECapture ITEM (DSP/PORT/PU/PVC/SE/SLOT/SPECIAL/SVC,def:DSP) ?Capture DSP number (1/2/3/ALL,def:1) ? 2SLOT> Channel Number (101/102/103/104/105/106/107/108/109/110/111/112/113/114/115/116/117/118/119/120/121/122/123/124/125/126/127/128/129/130/131/151/ALL,def:102) ? ALLCapture DSP Pings (NO/YES,def:NO) ?Capture DSP Data (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Capture DSP non-data (NO/YES,def:YES) ?Capture PCM raw data (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YESCapture another item, please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ?Capture direction (def:BOTH) ?Capture mode (def:CONTINUE) ?Capture ending (def:MANUAL) ?Capture activation (def:FOREGROUND) ?Start Capture (def:YES) ?

Using the View Capture (VC) command, the PCM raw data is identified by 0x1040 and 0x1041 packets (DSP COMMAND), where 0x1040 indicates data received on the PCM and 0x1041 indicates data sent to the PCM.

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4.12 Error LogTo activate the collection of special error counters in an Error Log, activate the ELOGCOUNTERS extended global parameter:

EP GLOBAL ELOGCOUNTERS YES

The Error Log and ELOG command are intended for the use of NetPerformer Technical Support personnel only. This section provides information about recent improvements to these debugging tools.

• For improved troubleshooting of GSM applications, the size of the ELOG has been increased from 512 to 5120 entries

• GSM autodetection switching is now indicated in the ELOG

• New error counters have been added to the ELOG:

- PVC Sorter Timeout: 0x900

- UDP invalid checksum: 0x901

- Jitter Underflow: 0x902

- Jitter Overflow: 0x903

- Missing frame errors: 0x904

- Unexpected seq. numbers: 0x905

Example

An example of the ELOG entry for jitter overflows is:

2007/08/31-16:40:58 DSP 2:5 CHANNEL 106/5 ERROR 0x903

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5
Concepts and Terminology
Memotec Inc. 5-1

GSM Solution

5.1 About GSMThe Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) provides a worldwide standard for digital cellular communications systems. Designed to be compatible with ISDN services, GSM describes the functionality and interface for all system components, and proposes system design standards which guarantee proper interworking between those components.

The GSM standard includes directives concerning:

• Bandwidth efficiency

• Roaming across international borders

• Quality of Service (QoS)

• Cost efficiency

• Compatibility, scalability and adaptability to new communications services.

In recent years, the GSM system has expanded from its European base to acceptance in over 80 countries around the world. It can be used with either E1 or T1 digital networks, depending on the location and network architecture.

5.2 Mobile Cellular SystemsA mobile cellular system is based on a cellular division of a geographic operating area, or operator.

• A cell corresponds to the area covered by a single transmitter or a set of transmit-ters

• The size of a cell is determined by the power of its transmitters

• Several groups of cells, or clusters, comprise the covering area of an operator

• All available radio channels in the frequency band are distributed over each clus-ter, and this distribution is repeated from one cluster to the next.

5.2.1 Transmitter Frequencies

Mobile cellular systems require low-power transmitters to allow the available frequencies to be reused in an efficient way.

• Reuse of frequencies increases the number of users that can access the cellular system at one time

• Frequencies used in one cell are reused in another, which must be far enough away to avoid interference

• If a transmitter is too powerful, its frequencies cannot be reused beyond the range of that transmitter

• Neighboring cells cannot use the same radio channels

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• Some channels must also be reserved for carrying signaling and administrative information.

5.2.2 Types of Cells

Several types of cells are available to the mobile cellular system:

• Macrocell: A large cell that is ideal for areas with low population density.

• Microcell: A small cell for highly populated areas. With smaller cells more chan-nels become available more quickly, providing greater overall capacity.

Since microcells are spaced closely together, their transmitters must maintain a lower level of power than those used in macrocells, to avoid interference between neighboring cells.

• Umbrella cell: A cell that includes several microcells, used to reduce the number of handovers when the travelling speed of the mobile user is high.

When a mobile connection is handed off to an umbrella cell it can stay longer in the same cell, since the power level of the umbrella cell is greater than that of the microcell.

• Selective cell: A cell that does not have a 360-degree range of transmission, for more efficient use of frequencies in places where full coverage is not required. For example, a selective cell with a 140-degree range may be sufficient near the entrance to a tunnel.

5.2.3 Cells per Cluster

As mentioned earlier, cells are grouped into clusters. The number of cells in each cluster must be calculated to allow the same cluster structure to be repeated continuously across the entire covering area of an operator. There is a trade-off here between system capacity and frequency interference:

• The lower the number of cells per cluster, the higher the number of channels per cell and the greater its capacity

• The greater the capacity of a cell, the more likely interference will occur between neighboring clusters.

Therefore, clusters must not be designed to be too small. Usually a cluster contains 4, 7, 12 or 21 cells, depending on system capacity requirements.

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5.3 GSM Network ArchitectureThe GSM network is composed of:

• Mobile Station (MS)

• Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

• Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS)

• Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS).

These high-level network elements are in turn composed of the basic network elements illustrated in Figure 5-5-1, and others described in the following sections. For an impression of the GSM network with NetPerformer.

Figure 5-1: GSM Network Components

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5.3.1 Mobile Station (MS)

The Mobile Station consists of the mobile terminal and the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM).

Terminal

Different types of terminals with varying output power are available:

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

The SIM is a smart card that identifies the terminal and allows the user to access all subscribed services.

• A terminal cannot function if a SIM is not installed

• The SIM can be moved from one terminal to another

• Protected by a four-digit Personal Identification Number (PIN)

• Includes parameters that identify the user to the GSM system, e.g. the Interna-tional Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).

5.3.2 Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

The BSS connects the MS to the Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS). It handles transmission and reception of mobile cellular traffic, and includes:

• Base Transceiver Station (BTS), also called the base station

• Base Station Controller (BSC).

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

The BTS includes all transceivers and antennas that are used in a single cell of the network.

• Usually placed in the center of the cell

• Its transmitting power defines the size of the cell

• May have between 1 and 16 transceivers, depending on the density of users in the cell.

Terminal type Typical installation Max. output power

Fixed Vehicles 20W

GSM portable Vehicles 8W

Handheld No fixed installation 0.8W

Table 5-1: Terminal types

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Base Station Controller (BSC)

The BSC controls a group of BTSs. It manages radio resources, handovers, frequency hopping, exchange functions and radio frequency power levels. The Transcoder Rate Adapter Unit (TRAU), which compresses the voice channels, is located in front of the BSC.

NOTE: To reduce bandwidth requirements, the NetPerformer can be installed between the BSC and the BTS. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM Abis Interface” on page 1-10.

5.3.3 Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS)

The NSS manages the following:

• Communications between mobile users within the GSM network

• Connections to outside networks, such as ISDN and PSTN

• Subscriber information and mobility.

The NSS includes several sub-components, described below.

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

The MSC performs switching functions in the GSM network, and provides interconnection to other networks. It is the central component of the NSS.

To reduce bandwidth requirements, the NetPerformer can be installed between the MSC and the BSC, or between the MSC and the PSTN. Refer to “Using NetPerformer on the GSM A/E Interface” on page 1-7 and “Using NetPerformer on the GSM Ater Interface” on page 1-16.

Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC)

The GMSC provides the interface between the mobile cellular network and the PSTN, and routes calls from the fixed network to a GSM user. The GMSC is able to determine which HLR corresponds to a particular number, and can access routing information from the subscriber’s current VLR via that HLR.

Home Location Register (HLR)

The HLR is a database of subscribers that belong to the MSC, including their current location and the services to which they have access.

The subscriber location corresponds to the SS7 address of the Visitor Location Register (VLR) associated with the terminal.

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Visitor Location Register (VLR)

The VLR contains information from a subscriber's HLR for providing the subscribed services to visiting users. When a subscriber enters the covering area of a new MSC, the VLR that is associated with this MSC will request information from the HLR about the new subscriber. This ensures that the desired services can be provided without having to re-establish communication parameters.

The VLR is always implemented together with an MSC and as such, the MSC area is itself under the control of the VLR.

Authentication Center (AuC)

The AuC is a register that provides the information needed for encryption purposes and for authentication of the user's identity.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

The EIR is a register of all valid terminals, identified by their International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). The EIR can block calls from a stolen or unauthorized terminal, and from a terminal that does not respect the maximum permitted output power.

GSM Interworking Unit (GIWU)

The GIWU provides an interface to various external networks for transmission of both voice and data.

5.3.4 Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS)

The OSS controls and monitors the GSM system, and is connected to the various components of the NSS and the BSC. When required, it controls the traffic load of the BSS.

Some system maintenance tasks can be transferred to the BTS to reduce costs.

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GSM Solution

5.4 GSM Network FunctionsGSM handles the following network functions:

• Transmission

• Radio Resources (RR)

• Mobility Management (MM)

• Communication Management (CM)

• Operation and Maintenance (O&M, also referred to as OA&M).

5.4.1 Transmission

The transmission function deals with the transmission of both user information and signaling information. Some components of the GSM network are directly involved with transmission, such as the MS, BTS and BSC. Other components require transmission of signaling information only, such as the HLR, VLR and EIR registers.

5.4.2 Radio Resources (RR)

The RR function establishes, sustains and tears down the channels that are required between an MS and the MSC. The components that are directly involved with RR are the MS and the BSC. Control of handovers by the MSC is also involved.

The RR also manages the frequency spectrum and monitors how the network reacts to changing radio environment conditions. This includes control of power levels, frequency hopping, and the continuity of transmission and reception.

5.4.3 Mobility Management (MM)

The MM function deals with procedures that concern user mobility, including location management, authentication and security (encryption, equipment identity and user confidentiality).

5.4.4 Communication Management (CM)

The CM function is responsible for managing:

• Call control (CC): call routing, establishment, maintenance and tear-down

• Supplementary Services (SS): the supplementary services to which the sub-scriber has access

• Short Message Services (SMS): available through contact with a Short Message Service Center.

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5.4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O&M)

The O&M function allows the operator to configure and monitor the system. The OSS is directly involved with O&M. The BSS and NSS also participate, in that they are a source of system information and include certain test functions. BSC monitoring of the BTSs is also subsumed under O&M.

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GSM Solution

5.5 GSM Radio InterfaceThe GSM radio interface carries traffic between the MS and the rest of the GSM network, which comprises equipment of many different types, models and manufacturers. It is crucial to transmission efficiency, system capacity, prevention of interference and the reuse of radio frequencies.

The GSM radio interface has been allocated two frequency bands of 25 MHz each:

• Uplink transmissions: Frequency band from 890 to 915 MHz, for transmissions from the MS to the BTS

• Downlink transmissions: Frequency band from 935 to 960 MHz, for transmis-sions from the BTS to the MS.

These frequency bands are limited in some countries due to legacy analog sys-tems and military communications systems that encroach upon the permitted GSM frequency range.

5.5.1 Access Schemes

GSM uses a multiple access scheme that includes:

• Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

• Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which operates from within FDMA

• Frequency hopping.

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

Under FDMA:

• Each user is provided with a particular frequency

• More frequencies must be made available as the user base grows

• The number of users is limited by this constraint.

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

• Several users can share the same frequency

• The frequency band of 25 MHz is divided into 124 carrier frequencies of 200 KHz each, with an initial carrier frequency provided as a buffer between GSM and other services operating at lower frequencies

• Each carrier frequency is divided into TDMA frames, which are composed of 8 bursts each

• Each user is provided with a particular burst.

Slow Frequency Hopping

Slow frequency hopping changes the frequency with every TDMA frame. Frequency

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hopping reduces the effects of interference between channels, and helps preserve overall voice quality.

Various frequency hopping algorithms have been constructed. Notification of the selected algorithm is sent from the BTS to the MS via the Broadcast Control Channels (explained in the next section). All MSs support frequency hopping, although some types of BTSs may not.

5.5.2 GSM Channels

Under GSM, a channel is based on the recurrence of one burst in every TDMA frame. Each channel is defined according to the position of the burst within the frame as well as the frequency of the frame. Two types of channels are used:

• Traffic channels (TCH): for transporting voice and data

• Control channels: for network management and channel maintenance.

Traffic Channels (TCH)

Traffic channels use a 26-multiframe structure, and may be:

• Full-rate channel (TCH/F):

- Uses 24 TDMA frames for traffic, one frame for the Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH), and one idle frame for monitoring purposes

- Downlink and uplink channels are separated by 3 bursts, so the MS does not need to transmit and receive simultaneously

- Fixed length of 320 bits (40 bytes)

- 16 Kbps rate (20 ms per frame)

• Half-rate channel (TCH/H): Uses a different internal structure that doubles the system capacity:

- Fixed length of 160 bits (20 bytes)

- 8 Kbps rate (20 ms per frame)

NOTE: Although frame length is fixed, not all bits are used, as there are periods of inactivity.

Control Channels

Control channels include:

• Broadcast channels (BCH): Used by the BTS to provide the MS with synchro-nization information. There are three types of BCHs:

- Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH): Provides the MS with information concerning identification and access to the network

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- Synchronization Channel (SCH): Provides the MS with the training sequence required to demodulate information from the BTS

- Frequency-Correction Channel (FCCH): Provides the MS with a fre-quency reference for synchronization with the network.

• Common Control Channels (CCCH): Used to establish calls from the MS or the network. There are three types of CCCHs:

- Paging Channel (PCH): Notifies the MS of an incoming call

- Random Access Channel (RACH): Used by the MS to request access to the network

- Access Grant Channel (AGCH): Used by the BTS to acknowledge a RACH from the MS, and tell it which channel it should use.

• Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH): Used for exchanging messages between MSs, or between an MS and the network. There are two types of DCCHs:

- Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH): Exchanges signaling information on the downlink and uplink

- Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH): Used for channel mainte-nance and control.

• Associated Control Channels: Take over all or part of a traffic channel for transmission of urgent signaling information, when required.

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5.6 List of Acronyms

AGCH Access Grant Channel

AuC Authentication Center

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BCH Broadcast Channel

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station Subsystem

BTS Base Transceiver Station

CC Call Control

CCCH Common Control Channel

CM Communication Management

DCCH Dedicated Control Channel

EIR Equipment Identity Register

FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel

FCCH Frequency-Correction Channel

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

GIWU GSM Interworking Unit

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Center

HLR Home Location Register

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

MM Mobility Management

MS Mobile Station

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MSC Mobile Switching Center

NSS Network and Switching Subsystem

O&M Operation and Maintenance

OSS Operation and Support Subsystem

PCH Paging Channel

RACH Random Access Channel

RNC Radio Network Controller

RR Radio Resources management

SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel

SCH Synchronization Channel

SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control Channel

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

SMS Short Message Services

SS Supplementary Services

TCH Traffic Channel

TCHD Traffic Channel: Dual rate

TCH/F Traffic Channel: Full rate

TCH/H Traffic Channel: Half rate

TCHU Traffic Channel: Uncompressed

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TRAU Transcoder Rate Adapter Unit

TRX Transceiver Timeslot

VLR Visitor Location Register

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6
SE/GSM Configuration Parameters
Memotec Inc. 6-1

GSM Solution

6.1 Jitter buffer (ms)

The amount of jitter delay, in milliseconds, that the NetPerformer uses to compensate for a variation in network delay, which can produce variable arrival time of packets on a voice/fax connection.

If packets arrive at inconsistent intervals, voice quality may be choppy. When the Jitter buffer parameter is set to higher values, the end-to-end delay increases, but voice quality remains smooth. Lower values decrease end-to-end delay, but may produce choppy voice quality.

To view the current jitter level occurring on each timeslot subchannel, execute the Display Jitter Level (DJL) command (see “Display Jitter Level (DJL) Command” on page 4-10).

6.2 Mode used when SIG detected

Selects the GSM traffic mode to be used when the NetPerformer Autodetection function detects signaling information in the GSM Abis traffic (a SIG channel):

• TCHU: Uncompressed traffic channel. Carries voice or data, but the frames are never optimized. This can be useful for transmitting GPRS traffic in a satellite application.

• SIG: Signaling channel

• OFF: The channel is not used.

6.3 Mode used when TCH detected

Console SNMP Text-based Config

Jitter buffer (ms) gsmJitterBuffer [gsm] JitterBuffer

Values: 4 - 160, in increments of 4

Default: 20


Mode used when SIG detected

gsmModeDetectSig [gsm] ModeDetectSig

Values: OFF, SIG, TCHU

Default: SIG


Mode used when TCH detected

gsmModeDetectTch [gsm] ModeDetectTch

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Selects the GSM traffic mode to be used when the NetPerformer Autodetection function detects voice or data in the GSM Abis traffic (a TCH channel):

• TCHU: Uncompressed traffic channel. Carries voice or data, but the frames are never optimized. This can be useful for transmitting GPRS traffic in a satellite application.

• TCHD: Dual rate traffic channel for voice or data. In this mode, the subchannel is configured at 16 Kbps, and can process a single traffic stream at 16 Kbps or two traffic streams at 8 Kbps each. See “Dual Rate Traffic Channels” on page 1-14 for an example.

• SIG: Signaling channel (used in a GSM Abis application only)

• OFF: The channel is not used.

6.4 Continuous AUTO detection

Determines whether the NetPerformer will restart the autodetection process on an Abis timeslot subchannel when its traffic type changes.

• ENABLE: The unit will revise the settings that have been detected and config-ured on a timeslot subchannel when its traffic type changes.

• DISABLE: The initial settings that have been detected and configured on all timeslot subchannels will remain unchanged until the Autodetection function restarts. A restart occurs when:

- The unit is powered up

- The link goes down (loss of SYNC on the interface)

- The link is activated (enabled through the LINK configuration).

Example:

• Continuous AUTO detection is set to ENABLE

• A TCH channel is detected and configured on a timeslot subchannel through the Autodetection process

• The traffic received on this timeslot subchannel switches to signaling information

• The DSP advises the host of the mismatched traffic

• The detection process is restarted on this timeslot subchannel

Values: OFF, SIG, TCHU, TCHD

Default: TCHD


Continuous AUTO detec-tion

gsmContinuousAuto-Detect

[gsm] ContinuousAuto-Detect

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• The timeslot subchannel is reconfigured as a SIG channel.

6.5 Activate 3G support

Determines whether the unit will support a 3G application, which requires ATM functionality.

When ATM is activated, the second Ethernet port on the unit is not available.

• YES: The unit supports 3G. All ATM functions are activated and the second Ethernet port on this unit is deactivated. This is the default setting when the GSM license is activated.

• NO: The unit does not support 3G. All ATM functions are deactivated. The sec-ond Ethernet port on this unit is available for LAN/IP connectivity.

You must confirm a change in value for this parameter. Enter YES at the console prompt. It also requires that you reset the unit. Execute the Reset Unit (RU) command.

Examples:

• Deactivation of 3G support and ATM functions:

...GSM> Activate 3G support (def:YES) ? NOWARNING: This will deactivate all ATM functions and activate the secondEthernet port on this unit.Please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YESNOTE: To apply this change, execute the Reset Unit (RU) command.

• Reactivation of 3G support and ATM functions:

GSM> Activate 3G support (def:NO) ? YESWARNING: This will activate all ATM functions and deactivate the secondEthernet port on this unit.Please confirm (NO/YES,def:NO) ? YESNOTE: To apply this change, execute the Reset Unit (RU) command.

To monitor the deactivation and reactivation of 3G support, follow the procedures provided on “Monitoring 3G Support Deactivation” on page 4-24.

Values: ENABLE, DISABLE

Default: ENABLE


Activate 3G support gsm3GEnable [gsm] 3GEnable

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6.6 Call management timeout (s)

Determines the duration, in seconds, before Call Blocking is activated. If no START or STOP message has been received for this duration, calls are rejected on the basis of the GSM maximum calls parameter defined on the GSM PVC (see “GSM maximum calls” on page 8-5).

The default value, 0, means that the timer is deactivated, and no START or STOP commands are cancelled or reevaluated. Other values are in 5-second increments. The value 5 is not recommended if the delay between the START/STOP messages is also 5 seconds.

Values: NO, YES

Default: YES


Call management timeout (s)

gsmCallMgmtTimeout [gsm] CallMgmtTimeout


Default: 0

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7
SE/SLOT/#/CHANNEL Configuration Parameters
NOTE: Configuration parameters for an SS7 channel, used in a GSM A, E or Ater application, are addressed in the Digital Data module of this document series. The parameters listed below are for the logical channels of a GSM Abis or Ater application.

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7.1 Channel Number

Determines which logical channel of the T1 or E1 physical interface will be used to carry GSM Abis traffic. All timeslot subchannels of this logical channel can be defined for transmission of voice/data, signaling information or operation and maintenance information.

Enter the three-digit channel number, or enter ALL to configure all channels on this digital interface at once.

7.2 Protocol

Determines the protocol to be used on this logical channel. The Protocol must be set to GSM for an Abis application. Another logical channel on the remote NetPerformer unit must also be set to GSM.

7.3 Timeslot

Determines which timeslot will be assigned to this channel.


Channel Number ifwanEntry, ifwanIndex [ifwan #]

Values: T1 interface card: x01-x24, ALL

E1 interface card: x01 - x31, ALL

where: x is the slot number

Default: the lowest numbered unconfigured channel on this digital interface


Protocol ifwanProtocol [ifwan #] Protocol

Values: OFF, ACELP-CN, D&I, FR-NET, FR-USER, G723, G726 16K, G726 24K, G726 32K, G726 40K, G729, G729A, GSM, HDLC, MELP, PASSTHRU, PASSTHRUOFR, PCM64K, PPP, PVCR, SS7, SS7MTP2, SS7MTP2 ISUP-A, SS7 ISUP-A, TRANSPARENT

Default: OFF


Timeslot ifwanTimeslot [ifwan #] Timeslot

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NOTE: Only one Timeslot can be selected per channel. For a GSM channel, the Num-ber of consecutive timeslots is a read-only parameter.

7.4 Location on the GSM network

Determines whether the NetPerformer unit is on the hub or remote side of the GSM network, and whether this channel supports GSM Abis or Ater traffic. Set this parameter to:

• BTS ABIS: To support Abis traffic at a remote site, where the channel is con-nected to the base transceiver station via the digital E1/T1 link

• BSC ABIS: To support Abis traffic at the hub site, where the channel is con-nected to the base station controller via the digital link

• BSC ATER: To support Ater traffic at a remote site, where the channel is con-nected to the base station controller via the digital link

• MSC ATER: To support Ater traffic at the hub site, where the channel is con-nected to the TRAU in front of the MSC via the digital link.

7.5 Vendor of the GSM units

Specifies the vendor of the GSM units that the NetPerformer communicates with in this application. The NetPerformer can fine-tune its operations automatically based on the value of this parameter.

Values: T1 interface card: 1 - 24

E1 interface card: 1- 31

Default: the lowest numbered unconfigured timeslot on this digital interface


Location on the GSM net-work

ifwanGsmLocation [ifwan #] GsmLocation

Values: BTS ABIS, BSC ABIS, BSC ATER, MSC ATER

Default: BTS ABIS


Vendor of the GSM units ifwanGsmVendorId [ifwan #] GsmVendorId

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GSM Solution

NOTE: If your GSM vendor is not listed, select the value ANY.

The parameters for all timeslot subchannels (TSSUB) are presented next. The prefix for each parameter indicates which subchannel is being configured, in the format TSSUB xxxy, where:

• xxx is the Channel Number

• y is the subchannel number.

For example, TSSUB 1011 represents channel (or timeslot) 101 andsubchannel 1.

NOTE: The NetPerformer will continue to prompt you for subchannel configuration information as long as the timeslot can handle another subchannel (a least one bit of the 64-Kbps timeslot is still available). A maximum of 8 subchannels are available per timeslot, e.g. TSSUB 1011 to TSSUB 1018. For each parameter, a different SNMP variable corresponds to each subchannel configured.

7.6 TS subchannel mode

Determines what kind of GSM Abis traffic this timeslot subchannel will carry:

• TCHU: Uncompressed traffic channel. Carries voice or data, but the frames are never optimized. This can be useful for transmitting GPRS traffic in a satellite application

Values: ANY, ALCATEL, ERICSSON, HUAWEI, MOTOROLA, NOR-TEL, NOKIA, SIEMENS, ZTE

Default: ANY


TS subchannel mode ifwanTssubMode1ifwanTssubMode2ifwanTssubMode3ifwanTssubMode4ifwanTssubMode5ifwanTssubMode6ifwanTssubMode7ifwanTssubMode8

[tssub #] Mode

7-4 Memotec Inc.


• TCHD: Dual rate traffic channel for voice or data. In this mode, the subchannel is configured at 16 Kbps, and can process a single traffic stream at 16 Kbps or two traffic streams at 8 Kbps each. See “Dual Rate Traffic Channels” on page 1-14 for an example

• SIG: Signaling channel

• OFF: The timeslot subchannel is not used.

NOTE: The TS subchannel mode parameter is not displayed when Autodetection is in effect (digital link GSM auto detect mode set to MASTER or SLAVE in an Abis application).

7.7 Subchannel speed mask

Determines which burst(s) of the TDMA frame are handled by this timeslot subchannel (refer to “Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)” on page 5-10).

Set the Subchannel speed mask to a hexadecimal value representing the bit allocation for this timeslot subchannel (00 to FF).

• All bits set to 1 must be contiguous

• No Subchannel speed mask value can overlap the mask configured for another timeslot subchannel

• Subchannels of a single timeslot can be configured at different speeds, e.g. 4 8-Kbps subchannels with 2 16-Kbps subchannels

• The timeslot does not have to be fully configured. Enter 00 for an idle timeslot subchannel.

Examples:

Values: OFF, SIG, TCHU, TCHD

Default: OFF


Subchannel speed mask ifwanTssubSpeedMask1ifwanTssubSpeedMask2ifwanTssubSpeedMask3ifwanTssubSpeedMask4ifwanTssubSpeedMask5ifwanTssubSpeedMask6ifwanTssubSpeedMask7ifwanTssubSpeedMask8

[tssub #] SpeedMask

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GSM Solution

• Divide the timeslot into 8 8-Kbps subchannels by entering Subchannel speed masks 01, 02, 04, 08, 10, 20, 40 and 80 for the 8 timeslot subchannels that are presented at the console for configuration

• Divide the timeslot into 4 16-Kbps subchannels by entering Subchannel speed masks C0, 30, 0C and 03 for the 4 timeslot subchannels that are presented at the console

• Divide the timeslot into 3 48-Kbps subchannels by entering Subchannel speed masks FC, 7E and 3F for the 3 timeslot subchannels that are presented at the con-sole

• Divide the timeslot into 2 32-Kbps subchannels by entering Subchannel speed masks F0 and 0F for the 2 timeslot subchannels that are presented at the console

• Divide the timeslot into a single 64-Kbps subchannel by entering a Subchannel speed mask value of FF. In this case only 1 timeslot subchannel is presented at the console for configuration.

The NetPerformer issues a warning at the console if an improper Subchannel speed mask value is entered. Typical problems are:

• One or more bits of the Subchannel speed mask are already used by another timeslot subchannel:

WARNING!: Invalid subchannel speed mask: bits conflict TS=0b00111111 mask=0b00001100

• Invalid Subchannel speed mask value:

WARNING!: Invalid subchannel speed mask 0b11111110: valid speed (8K(1bit),16K(2bits),32K(4bits),48K(6bits) or 64K(8bits))

• The Subchannel speed mask value has non-contiguous bits set to 1:

WARNING!: Invalid subchannel speed mask 0b10000001: not contiguous bits

NOTE: The Subchannel speed mask parameter is not displayed when Autodetection is in effect (digital link GSM auto detect mode set to MASTER or SLAVE in an Abis application).

Values: 00 - FF

Default: 00

7-6 Memotec Inc.


7.8 Idle code

For SIG TS subchannel mode onlyDetermines the Idle code that the NetPerformer will send automatically during periods when no traffic is sent across the timeslot subchannel. Enter a hexadecimal value from 00 to FF.

NOTE: The Idle code parameter is not displayed when Autodetection is in effect (dig-ital link GSM auto detect mode set to MASTER or SLAVE in an Abis applica-tion).

7.9 Remote unit

The remote NetPerformer to which traffic from this channel will be directed. This parameter must be defined for PowerCell transport to work. Enter the Unit name of the remote unit.

NOTE: The Unit name is defined on the remote unit using the SETUP/GLOBAL sub-menu. Refer to the chapter Global Functions in the Quick Configuration module of this document series.


Idle code ifwanTssubIdleCode1ifwanTssubIdleCode2ifwanTssubIdleCode3ifwanTssubIdleCode4ifwanTssubIdleCode5ifwanTssubIdleCode6ifwanTssubIdleCode7ifwanTssubIdleCode8

[tssub #] IdleCode

Values: 00 - FF

Default: 7E


Remote unit ifwanRemoteUnit [ifwan #] RemoteUnit

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GSM Solution

7.10 Remote port number

The remote channel to which traffic from the local channel is sent.

NOTE: The remote channel must be set to the GSM protocol.

Values: Maximum 16-character string, determined by remote Net-Performer setup: A-Z, 0-9, . (period), , (comma (space), - (hyphen)

Default: none


Remote port number ifwanRemotePort [ifwan #] RemotePort

Values: 1 - 65534

Default: the local channel number

7-8 Memotec Inc.

8
SE/PVC/#/GSM Configuration Parameters
NOTE: The following parameters are common to other PVC modes, and are detailed in the appendix SE/PVC Configuration Parameters of the WAN/Frame Relay module of this document series: Mode, Port, DLCI address, Committed Information rate. Also note that the Port parameter must be set to 0 for con-figuration of PVCR over IP parameters (for a TDMoIP application).

Memotec Inc. 8-1

GSM Solution

8.1 GSM traffic type

Defines whether GSM traffic will be carried over this PVC. Select TCH for both TCHD (voice/fax/data) and signaling traffic. Select NONE to prevent traffic from passing over this PVC.

8.2 Frame over IP, source

IP address of the source of traffic over this PVC. If left at its default value, 000.000.000.000, the NetPerformer uses the IP address of the port that sends the frames over the IP network.

NOTE: This parameter appears only if the PVC Port parameter is set to 0 (indicating Frame over IP support).

8.3 Frame over IP, destination

IP address of the remote unit that receives traffic from this PVC. The default value, 000.000.000.000, leaves the destination undefined; no traffic can be transported over the Internet.

NOTE: This parameter appears only if the PVC Port parameter is set to 0 (indicating


GSM traffic type pvcGsmTrafficType [frpvc#] GsmTrafficType

Values: NONE, TCH

Default: NONE


Frame over IP, source pvcIpSrcAddress [frpvc#] IpSrcAddress

Values: 000.000.000.000 - 255.255.255.255

Default: 000.000.000.000


Frame over IP, destina-tion

pvcIpDestAddress [frpvc#] IpDestAddress

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Frame over IP support).

8.4 Frame over IP, port number

IP address of the source UDP port that transmits the frames over IP. This parameter can be used to allow transmission across a firewall.


8.5 Frame over IP, DSCP

Specifies which differentiated services codepoint (DSCP) bit settings should be applied to traffic on the individual GSM PVC, which determines the relative priority of the traffic on this PVC with respect to other traffic.

• 6 bits are used to define 64 classes of traffic (0 to 63)

• The value of the Frame over IP, DSCP parameter is mapped to NetPerformer classes of service, from 0 to 7

• The default value is 0. This setting is typically used when no QoS is implemented in the backbone network

• The specific priority level of each class will vary depending on the IP service provided (private or public). However, 0 (zero) is commonly associated with the lowest priority level, and 63 the highest priority level.

Values: 000.000.000.000 - 255.255.255.255

Default: 000.000.000.000


Frame over IP, port num-ber

pvcIpPort [frpvc#] IpPort

Values: 1-65535

Default: 1024


Frame over IP, DSCP pvcIpDscp [frpvc#] IpDscp

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GSM Solution


8.6 Use a forced route

Determines whether all traffic from this PVC will be sent through a specific serial (WAN) or LAN port, digital channel or PVC connection. Set this parameter to YES to activate the forced route.


If you set Use a forced route to YES, the following parameter is also presented at the NetPerformer console to define the forced route:

8.7 Port

Defines which port, channel or PVC connection will be used to carry all traffic from this PVC. Enter a question mark, ?, at the parameter prompt to view a list of possible values.

Values: 0-63

Default: 0


Use a forced route pvcForcedRouteActive [frpvc#] ForcedRouteAc-tive

Values: YES, NO

Default: NO


Port pvcForcedRoutePort [frpvc#] ForcedRoutePort

Values: NONE, automatically generated list of ports and PVCs

Default: NONE

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8.8 GSM maximum calls

Determines the maximum number of calls allowed before calls start to be rejected, using the Call Blocking feature. The default value, 0, means no calls are rejected.

Call Blocking can be used in an IGMP/Multicast application or other TDMoIP solution:

• If IGMP/Multicast is used, you must:

- Configure the Call management timer (s) GSM parameter (see “Call manage-ment timeout (s)” on page 6-5). When the timer expires, the value of the GSM maximum calls parameter is used for Call Blocking.

- Activate IGMP on the BSC-side unit that registers to the multicast group. Configure the following Ethernet LAN parameters using the SE/PORT com-mand:

IP Address 1: Configure a unique IP address

IGMP enable: Set to YES

IGMP version: Set to 2

IGMP send report: Set to YES

IP multicast active: Set to YES

IP GSM group management: Set to the IP address of the multicast group to which the BSC will register.

UDP port (GSM group mgmt): Change the default value, 6000 to another port number, if required for your application.

NOTE: The UDP port (GSM group mgmt) parameter appears only if IP GSM group management is set to a non-zero value.

• In applications where IGMP/Multicast is not activated, the NetPerformer blocks calls based on the GSM maximum calls parameter alone. The Call man-agement timer (s) GSM parameter does not need to be configured in this case.


GSM maximum calls pvcGsmMaxCalls [frpvc#] GsmMaxCalls

Values: 0 - 10000

Default: 0

Memotec Inc. 8-5

GSM Solution

8.9 GSM VAD Deactivate threshold

NOTE: NetPerformer support of dynamic Voice Activation Detection, or VAD, is dis-cussed in the section “Constant Bandwidth Support” on page 1-26.

The GSM VAD Deactivate threshold determines the number of calls at which VAD will be deactivated. When VAD is deactivated, the NetPerformer activates Silence Suppression and stops generating constant-length IP frames for carrying the TRAU traffic. Set this parameter to the number of calls at which bandwidth usage in your network reaches an acceptable level of stability.

Tip: Try setting the GSM VAD Deactivate threshold to 5 and then fine-tune for your network application. For dynamic VAD activation/deactivation to work, the GSM VAD Deactivate threshold must be lower than the GSM VAD Activate threshold.

8.10 GSM VAD Activate threshold

The GSM VAD Activate threshold determines the number of calls at which VAD will be activated. When VAD is active, the NetPerformer suspends Silence Suppression and generates constant-length IP frames for carrying the TRAU traffic. This allows for stable bandwidth levels when few calls are placed between the BTS and BSC units.

Tip: The GSM VAD Activate threshold must be higher than the GSM VAD Deactivate threshold. Try setting it to 100 and then fine-tune for your network application.

NOTE: If you leave both the GSM VAD Deactivate threshold and the GSM VAD Activate threshold at their default value of zero (0), Silence Suppression is always active on the GSM PVC.


GSM VAD Deactivate threshold

pvcGsmVadDeactivate-Threshold

[frpvc#] GsmVadDeacti-vate-Threshold

Values: 0 - 10000

Default: 0


GSM VAD Activate threshold

pvcGsmVadActivate-Threshold

[frpvc#] GsmVadActivate-Threshold

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8.11 GSM VAD A (bps)

Defines the mean bandwidth used by the signaling channel in your application. This parameter is used to fine-tune the VAD levels, to ensure that the NetPerformer generates IP frames of a constant length.

Tip: As a starting point, try setting the GSM VAD A (bps) parameter to 100000.

8.12 GSM VAD B (bps)

Defines the mean bandwidth used by a call (TCH).

A value of 15000 or 16000 is usually sufficient, depending on the performance desired for the constant bandwidth function. A GSM VAD B set to 16000 ensures that the unit will never discard packets carried by this PVC, whereas a value of 15000 could occasionally cause packets to be discarded.

Values: 0 - 10000

Default: 0


GSM VAD A (bps) pvcGsmVadA [frpvc#] GsmVadA

Values: 0 - 15000000

Default: 0


GSM VAD B (bps) pvcGsmVadB [frpvc#] GsmVadB

Values: 0 - 15000000

Default: 0

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GSM Solution

8.13 GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage)

Defines the statistical gain that must be generated through VAD to reach the desired compression ratio under a high volume of calls. The higher the value of this parameter, the longer the IP frames will be and the higher the CIR, thereby ensuring stable bandwidth levels.

The value of GSM VAD K depends on the value of GSM VAD B. As a general rule of thumb, if GSM VAD B is 16000, start with a value of 60 for GSM VAD K. If GSM VAD B is 15000, GSM VAD K should be around 70. Then increase or decrease GSM VAD K depending on the voice quality desired:

• If GSM VAD K is decreased, the NetPerformer will generate smaller frames and permit more calls, but the quality of those calls will be lower. For example, with a GSM VAD B value of 16000, a GSM VAD K at 50% would be very aggressive, and at 80% would permit perfect voice quality. The ideal value would be some-where between these two.

• Even with a GSM VAD K of 60% there is a risk of congestion if a high volume of voice traffic occurs on currently connected calls. In this case, the voice quality for these users will be affected.

• To see whether congestion is occurring on one or more timeslot subchannels, look at the error counter Number of samples discarded, listed with the SLOT option of the Display Errors (DE) command (see “Display Errors (DE) Com-mand” on page 4-19). This counter increases when congestion occurs.

- If the Number of samples discarded seems too high (1 sample = 1 hit for voice), raise the GSM VAD K value by 5.

- If no samples have been discarded, try lowering the GSM VAD K value by 5, and observe the counter again.

NOTE: The fact that samples are being discarded is not in itself problematical, since it permits accommodating more calls. A higher number of calls may be more important in your network than maintaining voice quality.


GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage)

pvcGsmVadK [frpvc#] GsmVadK

Values: 0 - 100

Default: 0

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8.14 GSM group

Defines the GSM group number associated with this PVC. This number may be used to identify the ID service in special applications. Otherwise, it should be left at its default value, 0.

NOTE: The value of GSM group must be the same on both the BSC-side and BTS-side units.

8.15 GSM maximum frame size

Determines the largest datagram, in bytes, that can be sent or received on the interface in one IP frame. Datagrams larger than the GSM maximum frame size are divided into fragments before transmission, then reassembled at the remote end.

8.16 GSM pack delay (ms)

Controls the Packetization feature on this PVC. It is possible to reduce the amount of bandwidth used by packing the frames to reduce the IP header overhead. This parameter determines how many milliseconds of frames will be packed before transmitting to the remote side.


GSM group pvcGsmGroup [frpvc#] GsmGroup

Values: 0 - 65535

Default: 0


GSM maximum frame size

pvcGsmMaximumFrame-Size

[frpvc#] GsmMaximum-FrameSize

Values: 1 - 1504

Default: 1504


GSM pack delay (ms) pvcGsmPackDelay [frpvc#] GsmPackDelay


Default: 0

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GSM Solution

8.17 PVCR PVC that manages this PVC

Determines which PVCR PVC will manage this GSM PVC if it is used in a redundant PVC link application. The GSM PVC follows the state (up or down) of its managing PVCR PVC. Select the name and number of a PVC that has been configured for PVCRoIP operations (the Port parameter set to 0).

For full details on this application, turn to “PVC Link Redundancy in a TDMoIP Application” on page 3-11.


PVCR PVC that manages this PVC

pvcManagingPvcrPvc [frpvc#] Managing-PvcrPvc

Values: NONE, FR-PVC 1, FR-PVC 2 to FR-PVC 300

Default: NONE

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Index

Numerics3G traffic support 1-20

AA and E interface 1-7

characteristics of 1-8configuration 2-4NetPerformer solution 1-8

A-bis interface 1-10characteristics of 1-11configuration 2-5configuration, of CHANNEL 2-16configuration, of TSSUB 2-18NetPerformer solution 1-13network connectivity 1-11PowerCell encapsulation 1-14

Access schemes 5-10FDMA 5-10slow frequency hopping 5-10TDMA 5-10

Acronyms 5-13Activate 3G support 6-4Advanced applications 3-1Applications

A and E 1-7advanced 3-1GSM 2/2.5 and 3G convergence 1-20GSM A/E interface 1-7GSM A-bis interface 1-10GSM A-ter interface 1-16PowerCell tunneling 1-14satellite network 1-19

A-ter interface 1-16characteristics of 1-16configuration 2-6configuration, of CHANNEL 2-16configuration, of TSSUB 2-18NetPerformer solution 1-17

ATM application 1-20AuC 5-7Authentication Center 5-7Autodetection 1-27

disabling 1-28Availability, on NetPerformer products 1-3, 2-1

BBackup

satellite 3-9Base Station Controller 5-6Base Station Subsystem 5-5Base Transceiver Station 5-5BSC 5-6BSS 5-5BTS 5-5

CCall blocking 1-27, 8-5Call management timeout (s) 6-5Capture, PCM raw data 4-30Cell packetization 1-25Cells per cluster 5-3Cells, types of 5-3Channel Number 7-2Channels 5-11

configuring 2-16control 5-11SS7 2-13TCH 5-11

Clocking, high-precision 3-2activation 3-2

CM 5-8Communication Management 5-8Compatibility, for mixed network 1-3Configuration 2-1

A and E interface 2-4A-bis interface 2-5A-ter interface 2-6channel, for GSM A-bis/ter 2-16channel, for SS7 2-13digital link 2-8GSM parameters 2-12preparing for 2-2timeslot subchannel, manually 2-18

Constant bandwidth 1-26Continuous AUTO detection 6-3Control channels 5-11Counters, displaying 4-17

DDC command 4-17DCH command 4-4DDSP command 4-9DE command 4-19DGPS command 4-12

GSM Solution 1

Digital link, configuring 2-8Display commands 4-1DJL command 4-10DS command 4-20DSCP 8-3DTSCH command 4-6

EE1 card 2-10E1/T1 connections

statistics 4-2EIR 5-7Enhanced clock 3-2

activation 3-2Equipment Identity Register 5-7Errors, displaying 4-4, 4-19Extended parameters 2-20

FFactory Setup command 2-2FDMA 5-10Flow control 1-25Format

timeslots on A-bis interface 1-11transceiver timeslots on A-bis interface 1-12

Frame over IP parameters 2-14Frame over IP, destination 8-2Frame over IP, DSCP 8-3Frame over IP, port number 8-3Frame over IP, source 8-2Frequency Division Multiple Access 5-10FS command 2-2Functions, of GSM network 5-8

GGateway Mobile Switching Center 5-6GIWU 5-7GMSC 5-6GPS port activation 3-3GPS status 4-12GSM group 8-9GSM interfaces 1-5GSM Interworking Unit 5-7GSM maximum calls 8-5GSM maximum frame size 8-9GSM network 5-8

architecture 5-4compatibility 1-3concepts 5-1NetPerformer solution 1-4radio interface 5-10terminology 5-13

GSM pack delay (ms) 8-9

GSM parameters 2-12GSM PVC 2-14

parameters 8-1GSM traffic type 2-14, 8-2GSM traffic, supported by NetPerformer 1-5GSM VAD A (bps) 8-7GSM VAD Activate threshold 8-6GSM VAD B (bps) 8-7GSM VAD Deactivate threshold 8-6GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage) 8-8

HHardware 1-18High-precision clocking 3-2

activation 3-2HLR 5-6Home Location Register 5-6Hub functionality 1-24

IIdle bandwidth optimization 1-25Idle code 7-7IDLE STOP 1-25Installation status 2-2Interface

A and E 1-7A-bis 1-10A-ter 1-16GSM, supported by NetPerformer 1-5radio 5-10WAN 1-18

JJitter buffer 1-24Jitter buffer (ms) 6-2Jitter, displaying 4-10

LLicense 1-19, 2-1

See also Software licenseLink parameters 2-10Load balancing 1-29Location on the GSM network 7-3Logical connections 2-13, 2-16

MMM 5-8Mobile cellular systems 5-2Mobile Station 5-5Mobile Switching Center 5-6Mobility Management 5-8Mode used when SIG detected 6-2

2 Memotec Inc.

Mode used when TCH detected 6-2Monitoring 4-1MS 5-5MSC 5-6

NNetPerformer solution 1-4

A and E interface 1-7A-bis interface 1-10A-ter interface 1-16features, configurable 1-23GSM 2/2.5 and 3G convergence 1-20interface types 1-5monitoring 4-1platform 1-18satellite application 1-19traffic types 1-5

Network and Switching Subsystem 5-6Network architecture 5-4Network compatibility 1-3Network jitter 1-24NSS 5-6

OO&M 5-9Operation and Maintenance 5-9Operation and Support Subsystem 5-7Optimization

GSM bandwidth 1-4idle bandwidth 1-25

OSS 5-7

PPacketization 1-25Parameter list

Activate 3G support 6-4Call management timeout (s) 6-5Channel Number 7-2Continuous AUTO detection 6-3Frame over IP 2-14Frame over IP, destination 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-

9, 8-10Frame over IP, source 8-2GSM traffic type 2-14GSM VAD A (bps) 8-7GSM VAD Activate threshold 8-6GSM VAD B (bps) 8-7GSM VAD Deactivate threshold 8-6GSM VAD K (coefficient in percentage) 8-8Idle code 7-7Jitter buffer (ms) 6-2Location on the GSM network 7-3Mode used when SIG detected 6-2

Mode used when TCH detected 6-2Protocol 7-2Remote port number 7-8Remote unit 7-7Subchannel speed mask 7-5Timeslot 7-2TS subchannel mode 7-4Use a forced route 2-14Vendor of the GSM units 7-3

Parameterschannel, for A-bis/ter 2-16channel, for SS7 2-13E1 link 2-10extended 2-20GSM 2-12T1 link 2-8timeslot subchannel 2-18

PCM raw data capture 4-30Port, for forced route 8-4PowerCell encapsulation 1-14Prioritization 1-24Product license 2-1

See also Software licenseProtocol 7-2PVC link redundancy 3-11PVC, for GSM 2-14PVC, GSM 8-1PVCR PVC that manages this PVC 8-10

RRadio interface 5-10Radio Resources 5-8Remote functionality 1-24Remote port number 7-8Remote unit 7-7RR 5-8

SSatellite application 1-19

constant bandwidth 1-26Satellite backup 3-9Silence suppression deactivation 1-26SIM 5-5Software 1-18Software license 2-1

agreement 2-1Solution, for GSM bandwidth 1-4SS7 2-13Statistics 4-1Status, displaying 4-4, 4-6, 4-20

GPS 4-12Subchannel speed mask 7-5Subscriber Identity Module 5-5

GSM Solution 3

TT1 card

Link parameters 2-8TCH 5-11TDMA 5-10TDMoIP Application 1-22TDMoIP application

configuration 2-7enhanced clocking 3-2GSM PVCs 2-14packetization 1-25Port parameter 8-1PVC link redundancy 3-11

Terminal 5-5Time Division Multiple Access 5-10Timeslot 7-2Timeslot allocation

autodetection 1-27displaying 4-9manual configuration 2-18on A-bis interface 1-11

Traffic capture 4-30Traffic channel 5-11Traffic prioritization 1-24Transceiver timeslots, on A-bis interface 1-12Transmission 5-8Transmitter frequencies 5-2TRX 1-12TS subchannel mode 7-4Tunneling, using PowerCell 1-14

UUse a forced route 2-14, 8-4

VVAD 1-26Vendor of the GSM units 7-3Visitor Location Register 5-7VLR 5-7

4 Memotec Inc.

GSM Solution 5

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Contact Memotec:

tel.: +1-514-738-4781e-mail: [email protected]

7755 Henri Bourassa Blvd. West Montreal, Quebec | Canada H4S 1P7 www.memotec.com

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