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Title

Air Traffic Control (ATC) Simulator

Requirements and Specification

Authors

Reem AL Ashaikh (0891!"8#)

$ohammad Al%arni (0890#89!1)

Carl &aum%arten (0"'800)

hilip $ac*a+ (01990#1#)

Afnan Shah (09901"1!)

Revision History

,rida+- 11th. /ec . #009

Table of Contents

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Content Page No.

ro2lem /omain /escription #

Requirements 9

Specification 1

/ata /ictionar+ #1

References #'

Problem Domain Description

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Overview of A ir T raffic C ontrol

The Air Traffic Control (ATC) s+stem is desi%ned to ensure the secure fli%ht of

planes from their departure until their destination3 The ATC s+stem is

particular important durin% landin% and take4off of planes3 ATC aims to

pre5ent collisions and mana%e efficient traffic flo63

7ur ATC s+stem is a simulation of planes that are landin% and takin%4off usin%

a %raphical user interface ()3 The user is takin% on the role of an air traffic

controller3 :e has to use the %raphical user interface to identif+ the current

situation of planes landin% and takin% off3 The user then needs to instruct the

planes 6hat to do usin% se5eral instructions at his disposal3 The %oal of this

simulator is to aid the trainin% of an air traffic controller3

A ir T raffic C ontrol ub!"omains

Navigation

;hen an+ plane appears in the control area- it should proceed

automaticall+ to landin% or take4off in a strai%ht line- unless told other6ise

2+ controller3 (Assumption 8- 10 and 1')

lanes mi%ht chan%e their direction 2+ mo5in% to the 6est- east- north- and

south or mi%ht need to 6ait in queue- or proceed to landin%

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Run6a+

#igure $% Planes travel in straight line

Control an" communication of planes by the controller

The controller %i5es instructions to planes (Assumption )3 These instructions

are=

o 6est

o east

o north

o south

;ait in the departure queue

;ait in the landin% queue

roceed to land

roceed to take4off

n addition to these instructions- the controller must take planes safet+ into

consideration> therefore- the controller must make sure that there is no planeon the run6a+ 2efore %i5in% an instruction to land or take4off3 (Assumption 1#)

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Run6a+

;est ?ast

@orth

South

#igure &% Planes ability to change "irection

'ncoming Planes

An incomin% plane appears an+6here alon% the outer circle of the control

area3 (Assumption !)

one # is an area in 2et6een the run6a+ and the landin% queue3 7nce the

plane enters Bone #- it 6ill take some time (fe6 seconds) for the plane to

land and disappear from the run6a+3 (Assumption 1)

,rom enterin% Bone # until landin% of the plane the user can %i5e no further

instructions to the plane3 (76n Assumption 1)

ncomin% planes approach run6a+ from the east 6hen landin%3

(Assumption 11)

7ne queue eists for landin%3 lanes in landin% queue should fl+ in a

predefined path until further instructions are %i5en 2+ the controller3

(Assumption 1)

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Run6a+

Landin%

Dueue

#igure (% 'ncoming planes )oining the lan"ing *ueue

Outgoing Planes

7ut%oin% planes appear at random 6ithin the queue for take4off3

(Assumption 9 and 1")

one 1 is located in 2et6een the run6a+ and the take4off queue3 lanes

that appear at random in the queue proceed to Bone 1 and from Bone 1enter the run6a+3 lanes that appear at random take some time (fe6

seconds) 2efore the+ reach Bone 1 durin% 6hich the controller can %i5e

instructions to the plane3 (76n assumption #)

7nce a plane has entered Bone 1- no further instructions can 2e %i5en3

(76n Assumption ') t 6ill take some time for the plane to take4off (fe6

seconds)3 (Assumption 1)

7ut%oin% planes are departin% to6ards the 6est on take4off3 (Assumption

11)

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7ne queue eists for out%oin% planes3 lanes assi%ned to the take4off

queue should 6ait until further instructions are %i5en 2+ the controller3

(Assumption 1")

Run6a+

Take4off

Dueue

#igure +% Outgoing planes )oining the ta,e!off *ueue

Performance an" afety

lanes can appear at random an+6here around the control area or 6ithin

the queue for take4off- makin% it difficult to maintain control o5er each one3

(Assumption ! and 9)

ncomin% planes 6ill proceed directl+ to landin% 6hich could cause a

potential pro2lem if there are man+ planes 6antin% to land at the same

time3 (Assumption 8)

7ut%oin% planes 6ill proceed directl+ to take4off- 6hich could cause a

potential pro2lem if there are other planes proceedin% to land at the sametime3 The+ mi%ht crash3 (Assumption 10)

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/01 Class Diagram

Controller

E0o@orth ()E0o?ast ()

E0o;est ()E0oSouth ()

4lane9/ = Strin%

4/estinaion = Strin%4Status = Strin%4Location = Strin%

Plane

E;ait9nLandin%Dueue ()

4Status = Strin% F roceedToLandin%

'ncoming Plane

E;ait9nTake 47ffDueue ()

4Status = Strin% F roceedToTake 47ff

Outgoing Plane

EClear() = &oolean

ECount@um2er7flanes () = 9nte%er

4@ame = Strin%4Location = Strin%

Runway

EroceedToLandin% ()

1an"ing 2ueue

EroceedToTake 47ff ()

Ta,e!off 2ueue

G1

G

1

G

1

1G

9n5oke

methods

4@ame = Strin

2ueue

Re*uirements

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Navigation Re*uirements

R1 4 $o5ements of planes should 2e 5isi2le 6ithin the control area3

(Assumption ')R# 4 lanes should tra5el in strai%ht line- unless instructed other6ise 2+ the

controller3 (Assumption 1')R' 4 ncomin% planes should proceed directl+ to landin%- unless instructed

other6ise 2+ the controller3 (Assumption 8)R 4 7ut%oin% planes should proceed directl+ to take4off- unless instructed

other6ise 2+ the controller3 (Assumption 10)R" 4 lanes in the landin% queue should mo5e in a circle3 (Assumption 1)R 4 lanes in the take4off queue should not mo5e- until the first plane in

queue proceeds to take4off- then the+ can

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R1' 4 one 1 is located in 2et6een the run6a+ and the take4off queue3 (76n

Assumption 10)

Performance an" afety Re*uirements

R1 4 The s+stem should 2e a2le to %enerate incomin% and out%oin% planes

at random3 (Assumption #- ! and 9)R1" 4 A maimum num2er of random planes in the control area 6ill 2e set

so that the controller does not 2ecome o5er run and is a2le to cope

6ith a %i5en num2er of planes at an+ time- i3e3 10 (for arri5al and take4

off)3 (Assumption ! and 9)R1 4 ncomin% planes 6ill appear in time inter5als (2et6een 10 to #0

seconds)3 /urin% this time- the user can determine an action for the

planes currentl+ in the area3 (76n Assumption 11)R1! 4 An out%oin% plane 6ill take #0 seconds until it enters Bone 13 /urin%

the time of appearance and enterin% Bone 1- the controller can

determine an action for the plane 2efore it proceeds to take4off3 (76n

Assumption 1#)R18 4 The queue for out%oin% planes as 6ell as the queue for incomin%

planes has to 2e as lar%e as the maimum num2er of planes that 6ill

2e %enerated 2+ the s+stem3 (76n Assumption 1')

R19 4 ;arnin% notifications 6ill 2e displa+ed in the messa%e 2o (see userinterface) for 5arious scenarios=

f planes 2ecome too close to each other- a safe distance of #

miles (#cm on screen) 6ill 2e set3 7nce the 6arnin% messa%e

appears- such as Jlanes a2out to 2reach safe distance

parameterK- the controller 6ill then ha5e to na5i%ate the planes

to safet+3 (76n Assumption 1)

f a ne6 plane enters the control area a 6arnin% messa%e 6ill

2e displa+ed3 (76n Assumption 1")

f there are se5eral planes attemptin% to use the run6a+ at the

same time- a 6arnin% messa%e 6ill 2e displa+ed3 (76n

Assumption 1)R#0 4 lanes tra5el at the same speed 6hich allo6s the user to na5i%ate the

planes 6ithout ha5in% to 6orr+ a2out planes tra5ellin% faster to landin%

or take4off3 (Assumption )R#1 4 Landin% and take offs 6ill require 1" seconds on the run 6a+ each

allo6in% the user to calculate 6hether planes 6ill need to queue up or

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6ill 2e a2le to simpl+ %o strai%ht to the run6a+ kno6in% ho6 soon a

pre5ious plane 6ill take3 (Assumption 1)R#' 4 ;hene5er a plane appears in the user interface it 6ill 2e assi%ned a

letter- either A or / (dependin% on 6hether it is arri5in% or departin%)

and also a num2er- %i5in% it a unique / Strin%3 (76n Assumption 1!)

/ser 'nterface Re*uirements

R# 4 The s+stem 6ill displa+ the area to 2e controlled as a circle3

(Assumption 1)R#" 4 T6o dimensions 6ill 2e used to desi%n the air space3 (Assumption ")R# 4 The run6a+ 6ill 2e a rectan%ular shape located in the centre of the

control area3 (Assumption 1 and 76n Assumption 18)R#! 4 The control area 6ill sho6 the mo5ement of out%oin% and incomin%

planes3 (Assumption ')R#8 4 All planes are the same siBe (Assumption ) and are represented as a

small coloured circle (possi2l+ red for out%oin% and %reen for incomin%

planes)3 (76n Assumption 19)R#9 4 ?ach plane 6ithin the control area is la2elled 6ith its identification

num2er3 (76n Assumption #0)R'0 4 The s+stem 6ill sho6 t6o communication 2oes3 7ne of them 6ill

displa+ arri5als- the other departures3 &oth 2oes allo6 selectin% a

plane- seein% the plane status and %i5in% instructions to the plane3

(76n Assumption #1)R'1 4 There 6ill 2e a third messa%e 2o 6hich 6ill displa+ 6arnin%

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Assumptions

Assumptions provi"e"

Assumption 1= Simulator 6ith animated %raphical interface- 6hich displa+s the

area to 2e controlled as a circle 6ith the run6a+ in the centre3

Assumption #= Simulator 6ith animated %raphical interface- 6hich %enerates

incomin% and out%oin% planes3

Assumption '= Simulator 6ith animated %raphical interface- 6hich sho6s the

mo5ements of airplanes 6ithin the control area3

Assumption = Simulator 6ith animated %raphical interface- 6hich allo6s the

controller to %i5e instructions to pilot- e3%3 Hturn leftI3 H6ait in queueI- Hproceed to

landin%I- etc3- and sho6s the resultin% chan%es in mo5ement3

Assumption "= The air space is t6o4dimensional- i3e3 the hei%ht a2o5e %round

is i%nored3

Assumption = All planes are the same siBe and tra5el at the same speed3

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Assumption != ncomin% planes arri5e at random and ma+ appear an+6here

around the circumference of the control area3 $ake +our o6n assumptions

a2out the sequence of arri5al instants3

Assumption 8= ncomin% planes proceed directl+ to landin%- unless told

other6ise3

Assumption 9= 7ut%oin% planes appear in the 5icinit+ of the run6a+- at either

random or re%ular inter5als3

Assumption 10= 7ut%oin% planes proceed directl+ to take4off- unless told

other6ise3

Assumption 11= The run6a+ is approached from the east for landin% and is

departed to6ards the 6est on take4off3

Assumption 1#= The run6a+ can accommodate onl+ one landin% or one take4

off at a time3

Assumption 1'= lanes tra5el normall+ in a strai%ht line- 2ut ma+ need to

chan%e direction 2efore landin%- or after take4off- or 6hen directed to do so 2+

the controller3

Assumption 1= Landin%s and take4offs require a fied amount of time- and

therefore dela+ su2sequent planes3

Assumption 1"= Dueuin% for take4off takes place near the run6a+3Assumption 1= Dueuin% for landin% takes place at the eastern re%ion of the

air space- and is implemented 2+ fl+in% in a circle3

Own Assumptions

76n Assumption 1= ,rom enterin% Bone # until landin% of the plane the user

can %i5e no further instructions to the plane3

76n Assumption #= one 1 is located in 2et6een the run6a+ and the take4off

queue3 lanes that appear at random in the queue proceed to Bone 1 and

from Bone 1 enter the run6a+3 lanes that appear at random take some time

(fe6 seconds) 2efore the+ reach Bone 1 durin% 6hich the controller can %i5e

instructions to the plane3

76n Assumption '= 7nce a plane has entered Bone 1- no further instructions

can 2e %i5en3

76n Assumption = lanes could 2e in dan%er of crashin% if the+ 2ecome too

close to each other3

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76n Assumption "= ;hen planes appear in the user interface the+ 6ill need

to 2e identified so the user kno6s 6hich plane he

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76n Assumption #0= ?ach plane 6ithin the control area is la2elled 6ith its

identification num2er3

76n Assumption #1= The s+stem 6ill sho6 t6o communication 2oes3 7ne of

them 6ill displa+ arri5als- the other departures3 &oth 2oes allo6 selectin% a

plane- seein% the plane status and %i5in% instructions to the plane3

76n Assumption ##= There 6ill 2e a third messa%e 2o- 6hich 6ill displa+

6arnin%

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There is onl+ one interface to the user3 The interface adopts a ;$ st+le3 n

interface there is the control area includin% run6a+- Bone1- Bone#- landin%

queue- take4off queue and t6o communication 2oes and one messa%e 2o3

?ach communication 2o displa+s the plane /- indi5idual plane status and a

list of instructions 5ia a drop do6n list3 The messa%e 2o displa+s 6arnin%

messa%es to the controller3

3raphical /ser 'nterface

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Run6a+

Take4off

Dueue

Landin%

Dueue

/'

/#

/1

A1

A#

A'

one 1

one #

Arriving planes Departing planes

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0essage bo

Option Navigation

The user can %i5e an instruction to a plane 2+ selectin% the plane from the

communication 2o for arri5in% planes or the communication 2o for

departin% planes3 This 6ill ena2le the drop4do6n list 2elo6 the

communication 2o- 6hich has all the instructions that the user can %i5e to

the selected plane3

The t6o drop4do6n lists are= incomin% plane instructions and out%oin%

plane instructions3

The options in incomin% plane instructions drop4do6n list are= %o east- %o

6est- %o north- %o 6est- proceed to land- and 6ait in the landin% queue3

The options in out%oin% plane instructions drop4do6n list are= %o east- %o

6est- %o north- %o 6est- proceed to take4off- and 6ait in the take4off queue3

Arriving planes

Departing planes

19

Plane 'D tatus

A1 roceed to landin%

A# ;ait in the landin% queue

A' roceed to landin%

M 1ist of instructions

Plane 'D tatus

/1 roceed to take4off

/# ;ait in the take4off queue

/' ;ait in the take4off queue

M 1ist of instructions

Plane 'D tatus

A1 roceed to landin%

A# ;ait in the landin% queue

A' roceed to landin%M 1ist of instructions

o @orth

o South

o ?ast

o ;est

roceed to landin%

;ait in the landin% queue

Plane 'D tatus

/1 roceed to take4off

/# ;ait in the take4off queue

/' ;ait in the take4off queue

M 1ist of instructions

o @orth

o South

o ?ast

o ;est

roceed to take4off

;ait in the take4off queue

lanes a2out to 2reach safe distance parameter

@e6 plane appears in the control area

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ATC /se Cases

C7$$@CAT7@ &?T;??@ C7@TR7LL?R A@/ LA@?S

Allo6 the controller to %i5e instructions to planes3

Actor= Controller

,lo6 of e5ents=

13 The controller selects a plane from the communication 2o3

#3 The controller selects an instruction from a drop do6n list 2elo6 the

communication 2o3

'3 The status of the selected plane chan%es to the %i5en instruction3

J:old the run6a+K is not an instruction 2ut refers to a task of the controller3

The controller has to instruct planes so that onl+ one plane uses the run6a+ at

an+ one time3 :ence 6h+ it is marked differentl+3

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ATC Activity Diagrams

Acti5it+ dia%ram for incomin% plane

0enerate 9ncomin% )lane )roceed to Landin%

Select 9nstruction

)lane /isappearNnotO

NcontrolO

Nselect )roceed to Landin%O

NelseO

Acti5it+ dia%ram for out%oin% plane

0enerate 7ut%oin% )lane )roceed to Take4off

;ait in the Take4off Dueue

Nenterin% Bone1O

NelseO

NelseO

NnotO

NcontrolOSelect 9nstruction

Nenterin% Bo ne1O

)lane /isappear

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Data Dictionary

Controller

n5okes follo6in% methods

Give instruction for directions (see Plane below)

Give Proceed to Land/Take-off and Wait in Queue

instructions (see Plane below)

Hold te runwa! " #akes sure tat at te current ti$e no

oter %lanes are able to access te runwa!

Plane

lane/ . uniquel+ identifies each plane

/estination . informs the controller of the destination of the plane

(arri5in% or departin%)

Status . The current status of the plane e3%3 6aitin% in queue-

proceedin% to landin% etc3

Location . ;here the plane has appeared in the user interface

nstruction for directions

o@orth() . $ethod to make the plane mo5e in anortherl+ direction

o?ast() . $ethod to make the plane mo5e in a easterl+

direction

o;est() . $ethod to make the plane mo5e in a 6esterl+

direction

o;est() . $ethod to make the plane mo5e in a

southerl+ direction

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Runway

@ame . The name of the run6a+

Location . The location of the run6a+

Clear() . $ethod to esta2lish if the run6a+ is a5aila2le for use

Count@um2er7flane() . $ethod to count the num2er of planes

currentl+ in the user interface

Incoming Plane

;aitnLandin%Dueue() . $ethod makin% a plane 6ait in the landin&

'ueue

Status . The current status of the plane- default Jroceed to Landin%K

Outgoing Plane

;aitnTake47ffDueue() . $ethod makin% a plane 6ait in the take-off

'ueue

Status . The current status of the plane- default Jroceed to Take47ffK

Landing Queue

roceedToLandin%() . $ethod makin% a plane proceed to run6a+ forlandin%

Take-Off Queue

roceedToTake47ff() . $ethod makin% a plane proceed to run6a+ for

take4off

Queue

@ame . The name of the queue

Location . The location of the queue

Count@um2er7flane() . $ethod to count the num2er of planes

currentl+ in the queue

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References

http=