2.3 Electronic Configuration of Elements TB Pg 38-43
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Transcript of 2.3 Electronic Configuration of Elements TB Pg 38-43
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2.3 Electronic
Configuration of
Elements
TB Pg 38-43
15-09-2021
WEDNESDAY
2 of 47 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
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How are atoms arranged?
Where are the electrons found in the atom?
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How are electrons arranged?
Electrons are not evenly spread but exist in layers called
shells. (The shells can also be called energy levels).
The arrangement of electrons in these shells is often
called the electron configuration.
Note that this diagram is not drawn to scale – the atom is
mostly empty space. If the electrons are the size shown,
the nucleus would be too small to see.
1st shell
2nd shell
3rd shell
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Bohr’s Atomic Theory
• Electrons are in orbit around the central
nucleus of the atom.
• The electron orbits are called electron shells
(energy levels) and have different energies.
• Shells that are further from the nucleus have
higher energies.
• The shells are filled starting with one with the
lowest energy.
• The first shell can hold only two electrons.
• The second and subsequent shells can hold
eight electrons to give a stable arrangement of
electrons.
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How many electrons per shell?
Each shell has a maximum number of electrons that it can
hold. Electrons will fill the shells nearest the nucleus first.
1st shell holdsa maximum of2 electrons
2nd shell holds
a maximum of
8 electrons
3rd shell holds
a maximum of
8 and can be
expanded to 18
electronsThis electron arrangement is written as 2,8,8.
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Calculate electron configurations
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
+
1
ATOMIC NUMBER 1
GROUP 1
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
HYDROGEN
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• atoms have the same number of electrons as protons
• electrons are found in shells (energy levels) around the nucleus
• electrons are put into the lowest energy level first
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
2+
2
ATOMIC NUMBER 2
GROUP 0
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
HELIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the innermost shell can hold up to two electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
3+
2,1
ATOMIC NUMBER 3
GROUP 1
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
LITHIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• each shell (energy level) can hold a maximum number of electrons
• the first one can only hold 2,so the next goes in the second shell
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
4+
2,2
ATOMIC NUMBER 4
GROUP 2
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
BERYLLIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
5+
2,3
ATOMIC NUMBER 5
GROUP 3
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
BORON
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
6+
2,4
ATOMIC NUMBER 6
GROUP 4
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
CARBON
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
7+
2,5
ATOMIC NUMBER 7
GROUP 5
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
NITROGEN
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
8+
2,6
ATOMIC NUMBER 8
GROUP 6
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
OXYGEN
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
9+
2,7
ATOMIC NUMBER 9
GROUP 7
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
FLUORINE
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
10+
2,8
ATOMIC NUMBER 10
GROUP 0
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
NEON
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the second shell is now full
• full outer shells are characteristic of the unreactive NOBLE GASES
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
11+
2,8,1
ATOMIC NUMBER 11
GROUP 1
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
SODIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• as the second shell is full, electrons go into the third shell
• the third shell can hold up to a maximum of eight electrons
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
12+
2,8,2
ATOMIC NUMBER 12
GROUP 2
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
MAGNESIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
13+
2,8,3
ATOMIC NUMBER 13
GROUP 3
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
ALUMINIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
14+
2,8,4
ATOMIC NUMBER 14
GROUP 4
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
SILICON
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
15+
2,8,5
ATOMIC NUMBER 15
GROUP 5
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
PHOSPHORUS
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
16+
2,8,6
ATOMIC NUMBER 16
GROUP 6
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
SULPHUR (SULFUR)
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
2,8,7
ATOMIC NUMBER 17
GROUP 7
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
17+
CHLORINE
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
18+
2,8,8
ATOMIC NUMBER 18
GROUP 0
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
ARGON
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• the third shell is now full
• full outer shells are characteristic of the unreactive NOBLE GASES
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
19+
2,8,8,1
ATOMIC NUMBER 19
GROUP 1
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
POTASSIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• as the third shell is full, electrons go into the fourth shell
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H
Li
Na
K
Be
Mg
B
Al
C
Si
N
P
O
S
F
Cl
Ne
Ar
He
Ca
20+
2,8,8,2
ATOMIC NUMBER 20
GROUP 2
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
CALCIUM
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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Which element?
