2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules...
Transcript of 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules...
![Page 1: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
KEY CONCEPTCarbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 1 of 17
![Page 2: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties.• Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms,
including other carbon atoms.• Carbon-based molecules have three general types of
structures.– straight chain– branched chain– ring
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 2 of 17
![Page 3: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Many carbon-based molecules are made of many smallsubunits bonded together.
– Monomers are the individual subunits.– Polymers are made of many monomers.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 3 of 17
![Page 4: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found inliving things.• Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 4 of 17
![Page 5: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found inliving things.• Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.– Carbohydrates include sugars and
starches.
– Monosaccharides are simplesugars.
– Polysaccharides include starches,cellulose, and glycogen.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 5 of 17
![Page 6: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energyfor cells.
• Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.
Polymer(starch)
Starch is a polymer ofglucose monomers thatoften has a branchedstructure.
Polymer(cellulose)
Cellulose is a polymerof glucose monomersthat has a straight, rigidstructure
monomer
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 6 of 17
![Page 7: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
– Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids.– Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol.
• Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, andcholesterol.
Triglyceride
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 7 of 17
![Page 8: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Lipids have several different functions.– broken down as a source of energy– make up cell membranes
– used to make hormones
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 8 of 17
![Page 9: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Fats and oils have different types of fatty acids.– saturated fatty acids– unsaturated fatty acids
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 9 of 17
![Page 10: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Phospholipids make up all cell membranes.– Polar phosphate “head”– Nonpolar fatty acid “tails”
Phospholipid
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 10 of 17
![Page 11: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers.– Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 11 of 17
![Page 12: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
– Amino acids differ in side groups, or R groups.
• Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers.– Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 12 of 17
![Page 13: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
– Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds.
• Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers.
– Amino acids differ in side groups, or R groups.
– Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 13 of 17
![Page 14: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids.– Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape.
– Incorrect amino acids change a protein’s structure and function.
hydrogen bond
Hemoglobin
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 14 of 17
![Page 15: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers callednucleotides.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 15 of 17
![Page 16: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
– Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenbase.
A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base
deoxyribose (sugar)
• Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers callednucleotides.
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 16 of 17
![Page 17: 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041610/5e36e3432626e87775416398/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
– DNA stores geneticinformation.
• Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers callednucleotides.
– Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenbase.
– RNA builds proteins.
DNA
RNA
https://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/teacher/tabpages/teacher/data/chap02/hssb0203t_powerpres.ppt 8/30/19, 12E58 PMPage 17 of 17