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The Maritime Intelligence Report Series focuses on:

• Operational risks in areas of instability which could affect the safety of commercial and private vessels and personnel ashore and at sea.

• In country reporting on key countries where civil con-flict are directly impacting on maritime operations; and

• Reporting and analysis of incidents of terrorism, pi-racy and other related criminal activity. MAST has a global reach and presence, delivering firsthand, accurate and exclusive intelligence. MAST isentrenched and committed in continuing to supportand promote the awareness of the very real risks thatseafarers and other stakeholders face. This Intelligence Report Series is a brief snapshot ofMAST’s Intelligence capabilities. MAST Intelligencespecialises in providing clients with a suite of products and services, including; political and economic risk analysis, detailed port and vessel security briefs, vessel passage plans, threat and risk mitigation and travel risk management. Working closely in conjunction with a host of experts,MAST Intelligence offers a market leading service per-taining to all maritime affairs.

Follow MAST on LinkedIn and Twitter to keep abreast with these insightful weekly reports and more — in-cluding real time security updates.

Editor: David Riderwww.mast-security.com

22nd March 2017

Issue 68 of the series reviews, analyses and threat assesses the fragile and conflict affected coastal states Libya, Somalia and Yemen. The Mediterranean migrant crisis, incidents affecting maritime security and influencing maritime news are also reported and analysed, focusing on the keys theatres of maritime instability.

“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

Issue 68

Contents:Indian Ocean region

Somalia

Yemen

Yemen Ports

Mediterranean

Libya

Gulf of Guinea

South East Asia

Central & South America

Severe Weather Warnings

Mast Services

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3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

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“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

Indian Ocean Region Commander of First Naval Zone Rear Admiral Hossein Azad told reporters on Thursday 16th that Iran’s Jamaran destroyer was joined by a second missile-launch war ship and a helicopter along with Pakistan’s fleet including a destroyer and its entourage in a joint exercise in the Sea of Oman. “The drill exercised airlifting, navy transportation, vertical exchanges, and host of other operations,” the admiral told the media.

Incidents:1. Nothing significant to report.

U.N. Seeks Inquiry Into Deadly Assault on Migrant BoatThe United Nations on Monday 20th called for an inquiry into an aerial assault on a boat containing around 145 migrants on Friday 17th around 30nm off Hodeidah that left at least 42 peo-ple dead. Yemeni officials blamed Saudi-led coalition forces, but the coalition states that none of their forces were operating in the area.

Pirates release hijacked tanker Following a meeting between pirates, local clan elders and rep-resentatives of the Puntland administration, the Aris 13 was re-leased on Thursday 16th. Latest reports place the ship in Bosaso Port, but it is due to transit to Mogadishu in the next few days. Oceans Beyond Piracy has released a report on the incident, which you can access by clicking here.

Somali Piracy Risk Still HighThe recent hijacking of a fuel tanker off Somalia’s coast shows the threat pirates still pose to one of the world’s busiest ship-ping lanes, a risk that may also hamper the Horn of African

country’s efforts to explore for offshore oil and gas, a United Nations official said.“This is absolutely a return of piracy,” Alan Cole, head of the UN’s Global Maritime Crime Programme, said of the March 13 hijacking of the Aris 13 freighter in waters off Somalia’s semi-autonomous Puntland region.

Captain of ship hijacked by Somali pirates discusses releaseThe captain of the hijacked Aris 13 has said he feels like he was “dead and born,” after the ship reached a port in northern So-malia. Nicholas Anthony told Associated Press on March 19th that he is grateful for efforts by the semi-autonomous Puntland state to secure the ship’s release. He gave no details about their captivity or how their freedom was secured.

Threat AssessmentTo read MAST’s current Threat Assessment on the Indian Ocean Region, please click here.

Hijack

Kidnap

Approach/Attack

Suspicious Activity Theft

1st December 2015 HRA limits

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3

SomaliaSomalia has called on the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen to investigate an incident in which dozens of Somali refugees were shot dead on board a boat, reportedly by an Apache helicopter gunship. It was not immediately clear who was behind the attack that killed more than 40 Somali refugees in waters off the coast of war-torn Yemen early on Friday 17th.

Under control of Al Shabaab and

Under control of neutral forcesUnder the control of Government and

Somaliland Government

Control of Somali territory 20th March 2017) Source: Wikime-dia Commons

Somalia Wants More Help from NATOOn Sunday 19th, Somali officials said that NATO must do more to prevent the illegal fishing that sparked the latest pirate hi-jacking. Some Somali fishermen, including ex-pirates, have complained of harassment by illegal foreign trawlers. Officials from Puntland have warned that more hijackings could occur if the problem isn’t tackled.

Extra €165m from EU for drought crisisThe EU announced on March 17th a further €165m for drought-stricken parts of eastern Africa. The money will be divided between South Sudan and the Horn of Africa countries hit by drought; Somalia, Ethiopia, plus Kenya.

Malaysia Sending Troops to SomaliaMalaysia is sending troops to Somalia as part of the humani-tarian mission to avert famine and save the lives of thousands of people, Somali government officials and diplomats said on Saturday 18th.

AMISOM in large troop deploymentsSomali media reports that AIMSOM sent hundreds of troops to Beledweyne, Hiraan region and El Bur and Mahaas towns on March 16th. Both areas have seen attacks by Al Shabaab in re-cent weeks.

Turkey sends aid and soldiers to SomaliaTurkey will join the fight to defeat Somalia’s al Qaeda faction by building its largest ever military base abroad in the East African country. The $50 million base in Mogadishu will open in April and will help the Somali government train 500 new troops a year to fight Al Shabaab rebels.

Al Shabaab• AS attempted to raid a SNA base near Qoryoley town in Lower Shabelle on March 18th. AMISOM-backed SNA forces repelled the attack and killed at least three militants• Al Shabaab militants assassinated a pro-government militia-man in Yaqshid district, Mogadishu on March 16th.

Analysis News that Turkey plans to build a military base near Mogadishu is no surprise. They have invested heavily in Somalia in recent years and, while the motives behind the base may be murky, Turkey will provide training for Somali forces. As drought and famine conditions worsen, the international community is in-creasing aid efforts, which gives the recently elected President some useful international support. Al Shabaab (AS) remains operational, although the latest AMI-SOM deployments in to El Bur and the surrounding region will force them into other areas. In Puntland, the hijacking of the Aris 13 highlights the secu-rity issues facing the semi-autonomous region. Reports that the head of Puntland’s anti-piracy efforts has been sacked be-cause he was unable to clamp down on illegal fishing muddy the waters slightly. There is an issue with Puntland’s sale of fishing licences to foreign vessels and rumours of impropriety surrounding the process. The Puntland Maritime Police Force remains a credible anti-piracy unit locally, they are not neces-sarily viewed that way by the naval forces patrolling the region.

Threat AssessmentThere is concern that the relative ease of the hijacking of Aris 13 may inspire copycat pirate operations. Meanwhile, AS con-tinues small scale attacks against AMISOM forces as more troops are deployed against them. Should famine conditions worsen, AS will no doubt attempt to blame the government as a recruitment tool.

“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

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Control of Yemen territory (20th March 2017)

Source: Wikimedia Commons

YemenThe Russian Foreign Ministry has warned that the Saudi-led coalition’s plans to launch an assault on Yemen’s biggest port city, Al Hudaydah, will greatly impact the humanitarian situation in the war-torn country. Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said in a statement published on the ministry’s official website that the coalition’s plans to attack Yemen’s biggest port of Hudaydah is caus-ing serious concerns.

US Navy SEALs abort second mission to YemenAfter SEAL Team 6 aborted the March mission, the Joint Special Operations Command chose to target suspected AQAP person-nel and facilities with drone strikes, according to a U.S. military official. A Pentagon spokesperson declined to comment on the aborted raid.

Navy Intercepts 3 Houthi Launches off Midi SeaportSaudi coalition forces intercepted 3 Houthi boats, off the Midi seaport, in Yemen, on Thursday 16th, the Command of the coa-lition announced, adding that the launches were planning to at-tack coalition ships.

AQAP/ISIS• AQAP attacked Hadhrami Elite Forces, a UAE-backed counter-terrorism force, in Hadramawt on March 15th.• AQAP media channels also distributed a message warning Hadrami tribes not to align with the U.S. or the UAE on March 16th.

Threat Assessment To date, Houthi maritime attacks have used directed weapons systems such as radar guided missiles and a Command Minus Sight remote control vessel. Sea mines present an indiscrimi-nate threat. However, the sea mine was clearly placed to target the Coast Guard vessel. It is unknown whether the mine was moored or grounded as is the method of detonation. Sea mines can be subject to free movement if cut or poorly secured. As issued in the UKMTO Advisory Notice 001/FEB/2017, Masters should consider increasing vigilance, maintain the furthest pos-

sible distance from the Yemen coast, transit the Bab el-Mandeb Strait during daylight hours and use the western TSS wherever possible.

The sophistication of the the remote controlled speed boat which successfully targeted a Saudi Frigate on January 30th demonstrates a high likelihood that the Iranians are sponsor-ing innovative Asymmetric methods to challenge the Saudi-led blockade operating in the Southern Red Sea.

Approaches against merchant vessels by small, fast boats con-taining armed men indicate that the threat to shipping remains high; the motivation of these actors is not known - they may be AQAP or Houthi affiliates – although the incident involving the Galicia Spirit should be taken as a significant warning of the possible outcome of allowing a small craft to approach a MV un-challenged. The incident on March 13th (please see our Indian Ocean Region section) confirms that the Gulf of Aden remains high risk.

MAST recommends BMP measures be enforced and watches strengthened during transits in the region. In the Gulf of Aden, MAST’s advice is to steer clear of al Mukallah and remain in the IRTC, where warship protection is more likely. Attacks off Al Mukallah in 2016 and recent activity indicate that the risk to merchant shipping from threat elements within Yemen remains high.

Houthi

Pro Hadi Government Forces

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)

“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

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5

UN Verification and Inspection Mechanism for Yemen (UNVIM)

The UN’s Secretary-General has decided to institute a UNVIM for the facilitation of commercial imports to Yemen, at the request of the Government of the Republic of Yemen and in line with Security Council resolution 2216 (2015).

UNVIM is operational with immediate effect. Shipping companies or vessel owners shipping commercial goods or services to any port not under the direct control of the Government of Yemen (Salif, Mokha, Hudaydah and associated oil terminals) need to ap-ply for permits upon departure of the port of origin of their cargo. For further details click here.

UN arms embargo imposed by UN Security Council Resolution 2216 of 2015 is in place.

Port Aden:

• The port of Aden is under the protection of the Republic of Yemen security forces.

• Curfew in effect for Aden, 2000-0600 daily.

• Merchant vessels wishing to enter Yemeni ports must first apply for a permit through the Yemeni Ministry of Transportation; contact: yemen.transport@gmail.com for more information.

• Final clearance to enter Yemeni ports (with permits in place) is authenticated by the coalition guard ship.

• Aden is the only port in Yemen currently able to facilitate container vessels. The container terminal has recently increased it’s capacity. WFP note that eight vessels were discharging at berth with 5 waiting at anchorage.

Port Salif: Capacity 2 berths. Operating at capacity.

Port Hudaydah:

• Capacity 8 berths.

• Only 1 of 5 shore based cranes in partial operation, container vessels highly recommended to have their own internal cranes.

• RSNF is utilizing a holding area 60 NM west of the port of Hudaydah for all vessels attempting entry into Salif or Hudaydah. Inbound vessels should plan on holding within this area prior to receiving clearance from port control warships.

Port Mokha: Status - Closed: Currently classified as ‘Not Safe’ (North of England P&I, Jan. 12th 2017).

Port Al Mukalla: Capacity 2 berths. Al Mukalla port was liberated on the 23/24 April by the Saudi-led coalition and southern resistance. Port officials have advised that port operations resumed on the 26th April.

Port of Balhaf: Status - Closed: LNG terminal remains closed. Now under control of Saudi and Yemeni forces.

Port of Ras Isa: Status - Closed. Safer oil terminal remains closed, Safer Company (SEPOC) does not allow vessels to berth at Safer Marine Terminal if they do not have an agreement signed by them according to the protocol between buyer and Yemeni government.

Yemen PortsAs Yemeni forces continue to defend Mocha from small scale Houthi efforts to retake it, the focus is increasingly on Hodeidah port, still in Houthi hands. The Saudi-led coalition called on the UN to assume jurisdiction at the port to ensure aid shipments are distributed properly on March 20th.

“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

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6

Mediterranean Migrant deaths rose sharply last year, particularly in the Mediterranean, as smugglers made ever-riskier attempts to ferry asylum-seekers and refugees on increasingly unseaworthy vessels, according to United Nations statistics released Friday 17th. 5,098 people lost their lives in the Mediterranean Sea, trying to make the trip from North Africa, Turkey and the Middle East to Europe, according to information col-lected by the IOM’s Data Analysis Centre in Berlin.

420 migrants rescued off LibyaBetween Sunday 19th and Monday 20th, 420 migrants were rescued by Libyan naval forces. Three were found dead and 30 reported missing.

EU and North African ministers hold ‘migration summit’EU and North African ministers are to meet in Rome to dis-cuss strategies for curbing the number of migrants coming to Europe. Thousands of people have died while attempting to cross the Mediterranean in dangerous boats.

Thousands of refugees rescued off Libyan coastMore than 3,000 migrants and refugees have been rescued off the coast of Libya in 24 hours, the Italian news agency Ansa reported on Sunday 19th. A total of 3,315 people were rescued from the Mediterranean in 25 separate operations.

EU praises year-old migrant deal European Commission spokesman Margaritis Schinas said on Monday 20th that “the EU-Turkey statement was a game changer which allowed us to break the cruel business model of smugglers exploiting human misery and putting people’s lives in danger.”

EU navies find training Libyan coast guard no easy taskOn March 3rd, rescue vessels were saving migrants from ves-sels dispatched from Libyan beaches. What was different was the appearance of a fast boat flying the Libyan flag and iden-tifying itself as the Libyan coast guard, which shadowed the rescuers, waiting for rescue personnel to save the migrants from the boats before helping themselves to the outboard motors. It was a troubling sign that the coast guard officers might be preparing to sell the engines back to the traffickers.

The current migrant smuggling situationSabratha appears to remain a popular migrant departure point, although accurately recording the number of migrants waiting to cross from Libya is extremely difficult due to the various routes being used to cross into the country itself. The past week has seen huge numbers migrants rescued from the Med, the majority of them economic migrants from African nations. Improving weather conditions were again cited as the cause and EU sources remain concerned that this trend will con-tinue. More positively, the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy are in-terdicting more migrants as they attempt to leave Libyan waters but, with so many crossing in a short window, deaths are inevi-table. Moves by the EU to discuss migration with African nations will need to include strong incentives to clamp down on their bor-ders if there is any hope of tackling the current surge of migrants attempting to make the crossing into Europe.

Map depicting major migrant routes in the Mediterranean (March 20th 2017). Source: UNHRC

“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

Migrant crossings 2015-2017. Source: UNHRC

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LibyaRussia, 19 months after becoming a key player in the Syrian war, is in creasing its military presence in Libya and is likely to back Libyan Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar in the tumultuous civil conflict. While Haftar has received intel ligence and security support from France, Britain and the United States, as well as backing from Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, West ern countries have stopped short of fully em-bracing him. Russia, however, seems will ing to offer full-scale support for Haftar, drawing comparisons with their backing of President Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Russian engage ment with Haftar and his forces seems to be growing at a time is it also increasing its business ties.

“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

NOC says expects to regain Es Sider, Ras Lanuf oil portsLibya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) has been coordinating with military forces from eastern Libya and has “no reason to believe” it will not regain control of the Es Sider and Ras Lanuf oil ports, NOC’s chairman said.

AnalysisFollowing the successful operation to retake the terminals at Ras Lanuf and Es Sider, it remains to be seen whether Haftar will indeed return day to day control to Libya’s National Oil Compa-ny (NOC) or install his own personnel. Negotiations are current-ly ongoing and there is no doubt that a return to the status quo deal is a priority for the Government of National Accord (GNA) backed by the West. However, infighting between the West and East elements of the NOC continue; the head of a Benghazi NOC office appointed by the East’s House of Representatives (HoR) said he was pulling out of a NOC unification deal, but an LNA spokesman said there would be no immediate decision made on a handover deal. The Libyan economy desperately needs the increased produc-tion and port security it enjoyed prior to the takeover by Beng-hazi Defence Brigade forces in February. Lengthy negotiations may play into Haftar’s hands politically, but they will not benefit the wider economy. As pumping into Es Sider resumes, Haftar is in a winning position politically. And, to reinforce his position, he is still being heavily courted by Moscow, who see him as the right man to run the country. The prospect of the HoR finalising an arms deal with Russia will be of great concern to both the EU and US, who have backed the Government of National Accord, which Haftar and the HoR do not recognise. The potential for an increase in hostilities be-tween East and West has now grown.

Ports currently operational in Libya are: Mellitah, Zawiyah, Trip-oli, Misrata, Marsa El Brega, Tobruk, Al Khoms, Marsa El Hariga. Farwah, Bouri, Zuwarah and Zuetina.

Threat AssessmentWhile Haftar’s forces left the NOC management in place, it re-mains to be seen whether this will still be the case now the LNA has regained control of Ras Lanuf and Es Sider. It is possible that there may be a change in management given recent events; Haftar may prefer to install his own people to ensure continuity and compliance. The seizure of two vessels off Libya by LNA militia underlines the danger to merchant vessels calling on Libyan ports. The Haci Tel-li, held over an alleged unpaid oil debt, is now off Malta, but the militia operating under the guise of the LNA remain a threat to vessels entering Libyan waters without the correct paperwork. Last week, eight crew died off Misrata when their Turkish cargo ship sank in bad weather conditions, according to Libyan media. The GNA has kept its council over both Haftar’s retaking of Ras Lanuf and Es Sider, as well as the LNA’s vessel seizures. While the EU and other nations have concentrated on Haftar and his Russian connections, the GNA has been notable by its absence. Last week, the UK ambassador to Libya met with Haftar, a sure sign that the West is beginning to rethink its approach to the country and a worrying one for the GNA, who may see their own powerbase slip as the West realises it has to deal with Haf-tar if it wants to broker oil contracts and stability in the country.

MAST is able to provide risk assessments and crew training to improve situational awareness and risk appreciation. The addi-tional threat to shipping should not be taken lightly.

Control of Northern Libyan territory (March 21st 2017)

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Controlled by the Tobruk led government

Controlled by the Government of National Accord

Controlled by ISIS

Controlled by local forces

Controlled by Tuareg forces

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“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

Gulf of GuineaNigeria’s Federal Government is currently weighing the issue of oil pipeline protection contracts as it prepares a new financial package for the Niger Delta. Previously, some contracts were awarded to for-mer militant leaders but many of these ended when President Buhari came to power. Last year’s militant attacks on oil installations highlighted the risk to energy security, and the government has tasked the Ministry of Petroleum Resources to look into awarding new protection contracts. Once again, former militants may well end up protecting the pipes they once attacked.

Incidents: Nothing significant to report.

Nigeria’s amnesty plan for militants facing funding challengesThe Nigerian government’s amnesty program designed to keep militants from attacking oil facilities in the Niger Delta is fac-ing funding problems, posing a potential challenge to efforts to curb violence in the region and raise oil production, a govern-ment official said Sunday 19th. Nigeria had been paying hun-dreds of millions of dollars annually to former Niger Delta mili-tants under an amnesty program introduced in October 2009 to help end years of attacks on oil installations.

Nigeria Oil Operators Face Tense Protests Over Unpaid WagesHundreds of Nigerian oil contractors held heated talks with Italian oil major Eni over unpaid wages, even though produc-tion has been restored following militant attacks in the Niger Delta, with tensions escalating to the point that police were called in, Reuters reported on Thursday 16th.

Somali pirates: Any lessons for Nigeria?As security agencies destroy most of the illegal refineries in the Niger Delta, the federal government should be several steps ahead of the current security situation in that area. The prob-

ability is high that unemployed youths in the region and other coastal areas will return to piracy and sea robbery. It’s because some see these maritime crimes as a way of life, according to a report in Business Day on March 21st.

Threat AssessmentTo read MAST’s current Threat Assessment on the Gulf of Guin-ea region, please click here.

Kidnap

Approach/Attack

Suspicious Activity

Theft

4°30’

5°00’

4°00’

3°30’

7°00’6°30’ 7°30’5°00’ 5°30’ 6°00’ 8°00’4°30’

6°00’

5°30’

3°30’ 4°00’

Hijack

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South East AsiaDaesh-linked terrorists shot and killed one of the Vietnamese sailors they kidnapped off the Pearl Bank near the southern province of Tawi-Tawi over three weeks ago, an army official said Tuesday 14th. The Abu Sayyaf group seized the six sailors on Feb. 19 after killing one of the crew members aboard the cargo vessel. The commander of Joint Task Sulu confirmed the death of a Vietnamese hostage who, he said, tried to escape from his captors at an undisclosed place in the southern island province.

Hijack

Kidnap

Approach/Attack

Suspicious Activity

Incidents: 1. Unnoticed, robbers boarded an anchored chemical tanker at 0215 LT in position 13:44.17N - 121:02.23E, Batangas Anchor-age, Philippines. Duty AB on routine rounds noticed that the forepeak store lock was broken and immediately informed the duty officer on the bridge. A search was made throughout the tanker. It was reported that ship’s properties were stolen. Re-ported March 15th (IMB).

2. Duty AB on routine rounds onboard an anchored tanker no-ticed one person attempting to climb onboard by using a bam-boo stick attached to a hook at 2020 UTC in position 01:42N – 101:28E: About 0.8nm Off Pulat Rupat Off Dumai, Indonesia. The duty AB informed the DO who raised alarm. Seeing the alerted crew and the intruders aborted and moved away. Re-ported March 19th (IMB).

A crippling blow for Abu SayyafThe notorious Abu Sayyaf kidnap-for-ransom group has been dealt a crippling blow with many key leaders killed in the past month. Some known gunmen involved in the beheading of hostages, including Malaysian Bernard Thien, were among those killed in the intensified offensive. Among those that intelligence sources believe have been killed are Idang Susukan and Majan Sahidjuan, also known as Apo Mike, while many

others are now on the run as the Philippine military closes in on them.

US extends $1M aid for Philippine maritime securityThe US government has agreed to extend $1 million in aid for the establishment of a maritime facility in southern Mindanao to help combat piracy and terrorism.

Tri-Nation agreement to Combat Piracy in the Sulu SeaIt has been announced this week that as of May 2017 Philip-pines, Malaysia & Indonesia will launch joint piracy patrols in waters of the Sulu Sea.

Threat AssessmentTo read MAST’s current Threat Assessment on the South East Asia region, please click here.

“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

Theft

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1

2

2

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“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

Central and South America Close to nine months after the inauguration of the expanded Panama Canal the 1,000th neo-panamax vessel has transited the waterway. On Sunday, 19th March, the Panama-flagged box ship MSC Anzu owned by Mediterranean Shipping Company made the historic 1,000th transit through the new locks, heading northbound from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Incidents: Nothing significant to report.

Standing advice: The repercussions of a vessel being caught acting as a mule with drugs stowed will depend on the type, amount and national laws, but may be disruptive and costly. When and if operating in these areas, especially Columbia and Peru, it is advised that:

• Potential stowage areas such as rudder shafts are denied as far as possible, and/or routinely searched.

• Access points are closely monitored by a vigilant watch for the duration of the vessel’s call at port.

Hijack

Kidnap

Approach/Attack

Suspicious Activity

Theft

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“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

Severe Weather Warnings Warnings detailed on this page are from the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and are issued by respective Regional Specialised Metrological Centres, Tropical Cyclone Centres or National Meteoro-logical Services. For further information on severe weather warnings please click here.

Note: The forecasts are correct as of the day before publication. For latest updates please follow the provided links.

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Nothing serious to report.

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“Making the maritime environment a safer place to live and work”

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