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2/25 3/2 Developments in Asia & Indochina b0aZc97dKc.
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Transcript of 2/25 3/2 Developments in Asia & Indochina b0aZc97dKc.
2/25 3/2Developments in Asia & Indochina
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb0aZc97dKc
Overview:
At first US had not been worried about Chinese Civil War between the nationalist Guomindang (GMD) & Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Japanese aggression first against Manchuria and then against mainland China led US gov’t to increase support for Jiang Jieshi’s nationalist gov’t after 1941
1945 – US & USSR hoped China could form a coalition gov’t
Truce broke in early 1946 US continued support of Jiang Jieshi and as communist victory seemed imminent, US began to slow aid
Communist China was seen as a defeat of Truman’s policy of containment
1950 – Sino Soviet Treaty increased US concerns and contributed to the McCarthy ‘witch hunts’
US would give aid to France in their struggle against communist led Viet Minh in Indochina
US attitude toward communism in China
Early Soviet Involvement◦ 1921 CCP (Chinese
Communist Party) is formed & advised by the Bolshevik gov’t of SU..Sun Yat-sen would pass away in 1925 & Jiang Jieshi succeeded Sun Yat-sen & moves the country to the right (democratic)
1937 US had not placed much importance on events in China
Japan’s invasion of China causes concern because of US interest in Pacific region
China would be liberated from Japenese control with the dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
US Involvement in China
US does not want CCP to take control – send aid and troops to key cities
Marshall Mission – create a coalition gov’t backed by US & SU
Civil War between CCP & GMD 1946
US sent $200 million in aid to China and Jiang Jieshi to fight off CCP but in 1947 Jiang flees to Taiwan as capital city Nanjing falls to CCP & Mao proclaims the birth of the new People’s Republic of China
Impact of communist victory in China
August 1949 – SU explodes first atomic device
One month later China falls to communism
No longer threat of nuclear monopoly enough to contain communism
Truman’s gov’t scene as weakMao & Stalin sign 30 Year Treaty of
Friendship, Alliance & Mutual Assistance
McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anti-communist crusade within the US
‘Red Scare’ – suspicions of people working within our country to aid SU
McCarthy claimed he had a list of 205 State Department officials who were members of the Communist Party
Later he would reduce # to 57
Red Scare became more hysterical after the start of the Korean War
1946 – Congress made increasing use of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)◦ McCarthy used HUAC in his
campaign against communism in the US
NSC-68
In response to the 1949 events of Asia Truman called for revision of Cold War policies
NSC – 68 is a document that claimed SU as a military threat because of its commitment to world wide revolution and its status as a totalitarian dictatorship
Called for a HUGE increase in military strength
Historian Walter LaFeber points to this document as key element of the Cold War
Expand its conventional and nuclear forces
Containment – be replaced with confrontation - ‘roll back’ of communism across the world◦ In Asia, Europe, and
eventually Soviet Union
US permanently have a powerful military
Korean War
Cold War tensions in Asia shifted from China to Korea, which had been divided in 1945 at the 38th Parallel (for purpose of dealing with Japanese troops)
North Korea – Kim Il Sung supported by SU – US believed Kim was merely Stalin’s puppet, as part of Soviet Union attept to world domination
South Korea – Syngman Rhee supported by US
Communist North attacks the South in attempt to reunify country
SU had been boycotting participation in UN Security Council…UN agrees to send army to help South
North had early victories…pushed back by US General Douglas MacArthur
Korean War
As US / UN forces drive up the peninsula and invade North Korea
This was a clear sign the US had moved past its containment policy
Mao wanted to stay out of conflict but feared of a US invasion of mainland China – China gets involved on North Korean side
MacArthur calls for nuclear weapons vs. China
Stalemate in the war sets in and an armistice is signed in 1953
US begun to arrange a series of military alliances in the Pacific, designed to secure what it called Defensive Perimeter
Crucial to this was the reconstruction of Japan – vast industrial potential…US gave $500 million in aid to rebuild
Treaties
ANZUS Pact – US support against communist activities in Pacific Region while Australia and New Zealand promised to help US against any military aggression
Korean War Impacts – increased military spending, becomes global phenomenon, US takes role as global ‘policeman’ against communism
Exit Card
Who were the two political parties in China? Who were the leaders?
Who did the US support in China?
What did NSC-68 call for?
What were the impacts of the Korean War?
Why was the rebuilding of Japan seen as crucial?