22.3 Biodiversity 2012
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Transcript of 22.3 Biodiversity 2012
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Biodiversity
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Arthropoda
Triploblastic
Bilaterally-symmetrical
SegmentedChitinous exoskeleton
Jointed appendages
Open circulatory system
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Insecta
Habitat – mainly terrestrial Body divisions – head, thorax &
abdomen Appendages Antennae – 1 pair mouth parts – mandibles & maxillae legs – 3 pairs on thorax
Eyes–
compound eyes & simple eyes Gas exchange – tracheae in adults Eg. Periplaneta (cockroach)
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Insecta - Periplaneta (cockroach)
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Arachnida
Habitat – mainly terrestrial Body divisions – prosoma (anterior section,
consists of the fused head and thorax and bearappendages) & opisthosoma (posterior section,consists of those body segments that do notbear legs)
Appendages Antennae - none mouth parts – chelicerae & pedipals
legs–
4 pairs on cephalothorax Eyes – simple eyes Gas exchange – book lungs or tracheae Eg.Lycosa (spider)
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Crustacea
Habitat – mainly aquatic Body divisions – cephalothorax &
abdomen Appendages Antennae – 2 pairs mouth parts – mandibles & maxillae legs – typically 1 pair persegment
Eyes–
1 pair of stalked compound eyes Gas exchange - gills Eg. Penaeus (prawn)
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Chilopoda
Habitat - terrestrial Body divisions – head with segmented
body Appendages Antennae – 1 pair mouth parts – mandibles & maxillae legs – 1 pair per segment
Eyes–
simple, compound or absent Gas exchange - tracheae Eg. Lithobius(centipede)
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Diplopoda
Habitat - terrestrial Body divisions – head with segmented
body Appendages Antennae – 1 pair mouth parts – mandibles & maxillae legs – 2 pairs per segment
Eyes–
simple eyes Gas exchange - tracheae Eg.Lulus (millipede)
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Merostomata
Habitat – marine or shore-living Body divisions – cephalothorax &
abdomen Appendages Antennae - none mouth parts – chelicerae & pedipals legs – 4 pairs
Eyes–
simple eyes Gas exchange – book lungs/gills Eg. Limulus (horseshoe crabs)
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Arthropoda Representative Animals
– Crustaceans, insects, spiders
Level of organization– system
Symmetry– bilateral
Digestion– Complete digestive tract
Circulation– Open system
Gas Exchange– Tracheae in insects; gills in crustaceans; book
lungs or tracheae in spider group
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Arthropoda Waste disposal
– Malpighian (nephron in the kidney) tubules ininsects; antennal (green) glands incrustaceans
Nervous system– Brain; double ventral nerve cord; well-
developed sense organs
Reproduction– Sexual;sexes separate
Support and movement– Tough exoskeleton; jointed appendages (some
have wings); well-developed muscles
Environment & lifestyle– Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial; herbivores,
carnivores, scavengers
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Mollusca
Ventral muscular foot
Body organs are concentrated abovethe foot
Mantle (heavy fold of tissue)wrapped around the visceral (theinternal body organs) mass andoverhangs.
An open circulatory system
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Gastropoda
Asymmetricall body
Radula (a tonguelike organ) forfeeding
Terrestrial forms have lungs
Internal fertilization
Eg. Helix (Snail)
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Mollusca
Representative Animals– Snail, octopus
Level of organization– system
Symmetry– Asymmetrical, Bilateral
Digestion– Complete digestive tract
Circulation– Open system (closed in cephalopods)
Gas Exchange– Gill
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Mollusca
Waste disposal– Metanephridia (excretory organ, consists of a simple
tube with cilia at the inner end)
Nervous system
–Three pairs of ganglia; simple sense organs
Reproduction– Sexual;sexes separate; fertilization in water
Support and movement– Most have hydrostatic skeleton; most have ventral foot
for locomotion
Environment & lifestyle– Mainly marine, some inhabit fresh water or are
terrestrial; herbivores, carnivores and scavengers
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Chordata
A notochord
A hollow nerve cord
A tailvertebrates
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Class of Chordata
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Chordata Nervous system
–Dorsal nerve cord with brain at anterior end
Reproduction
– Sexual; sexes separate
Support and movement– Notochord; endoskeleton of cartilage and/or
bone; well-developed muscles
Environment & lifestyle
–Diverse habitats and lifestyle; herbivores,carnivores, omnivores, scavengers (an animalthe feeds on dead organic matter)