2221 Burnaby Northwest - Provincial Health Services Authority

For more information, visit communityhealth.phsa.ca

British Columbia Community Health Service Area

2221 Burnaby Northwest

Community Health Service Areas (CHSAs) in British Columbia (B.C.) are administrative bounds nested within Local Health

Areas (LHAs) as defined by the B.C. Ministry of Health. This CHSA health profile contains information about the community ’s

demographics, socio-economic and health/disease status as represented through various community health indicators. The

purpose of CHSA health profiles is to help B.C.’s primary care network partners, public health professionals and community

organizations better understand the health needs of a specific community and to provide evidence for service provisioning

and prevention strategies.

Burnaby Northwest (CHSA 2221) is 16 km² in size and is located on the northwestern side of the city of Burnaby. It is

comprised of the neighbourhoods of Burnaby Heights, Capitol Hill, Willingdon Heights, and Brentwood Park. Areas of

interest include Montrose Park, Confederation Park, and Scenic Park.[1]

Provided by Health Sector Information, Analysis, and

Reporting Div ision, B.C. Ministry of Health

Health Authority: 2 Fraser

Health Service Delivery Area: 22 Fraser North

Local Health Area: 222 Burnaby

Community Health Service Area: 2221 Burnaby Northwest

Primary Care Network

community:

Burnaby

B.C. CHSA Health Pro�le Version 1.02221 BURNABY NORTHWEST

© 2020 PHSAcommunityhealth.phsa.ca 1

Demographics

The age and sex distribution of the population in the community impacts the infrastructure supports and services needed

in the community. For example, older adults and young families especially benefit from age-friendly public spaces, like

well-maintained sidewalks and rest areas.

Total population

Census of population, Statistics Canada,

2016

Proportion female


2016

Median age


2016

Age

Population

Population age distribution in Burnaby NorthwestCensus of population, Statistics Canada, 2016

Female

Male

SSee xx

0 to 4

5 to 9

10 to 14

15 to 19

20 to 24

25 to 29

30 to 34

35 to 39

40 to 44

45 to 49

50 to 54

55 to 59

60 to 64

65 to 69

70 to 74

75 to 79

80 to 84

85 to 89

90 to 94

95 to 99

100+

2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500



Diversity

A diverse community is a vibrant community. Different population groups often have different opportunities and

challenges in maintaining or improving their health. For example, Indigenous people and new immigrants often face

barriers to accessing health services and sustaining health and wellness.

Understanding the unique needs of various cultural groups and people who speak other languages is important for

improving overall health in the community.

Due to rounding, these may not add up to exactly 100%

% of population

Top three ethnicities withhighest proportions in the

population (other thanIndigenous)

Census of population, Statistics Canada,2016

44 33 ..66 %%

33 11 ..99 %%

44 ..99 %%

White

Chinese

South Asian

0 10 20 30 40 50

% of population

Immigrant Population

Census of population, Statistics Canada,2016

44 33 ..00 %%

44 ..33 %%

Total Immigrants

Recentimmigrants

0 20 40 60

Percentage of

population who are

Indigenous

Census of population,

Statistics Canada, 2016

Percentage of the population who

speak neither English nor French

Census of population, Statistics Canada, 2016

Percentage of immigrant population who

arrived as refugees between 1980 to 2016




Household Composition (Census of population, Statistics Canada,

2016)

Household composition describes characteristics of a person or a group of people who live within the same place of

residence. Characteristics such as marital status, single-parent households and average household size have been found to

be related to health and well-being.

For instance, research has shown consistently that married individuals report better overall health and mortality outcomes

than unmarried individuals. Children who are raised in households with two parents also tend to have fewer mental and

physical health problems than children in one-parent households.

[2]

[3]

[4]


% of population aged 15 and up

Household Composition


55 55 ..88 %%

33 11 ..66 %%

22 ..11 %%

55 ..55 %%

55 ..00 %%

% Married or common law

% Never married

% Separated

% Divorced

% Widowed

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

15.3%Percentage of the population

who are lone parents

2.4Average household size



Housing (Census of population, Statistics Canada, 2016)

Housing refers to an individual ’s living space and can range from private residences to collective dwellings to shelters.

Characteristics of a community ’s housing situation can provide some insight on the health status and needs of that

community. For instance, it has been shown that spending 30% or more of a household ’s income on housing is considered

“unaffordable”. Housing costs may include mortgage payments, bills, property tax or other maintenance fees.

Households spending 30% of their income on housing are less able to afford healthy food and other basic living costs.

Individuals who require major repairs or restoration to their dwellings may be indicative of an inadequate or poor housing

situation. Research has found that unaffordable or inadequate housing can negatively impact physical, mental,

developmental and social health. Individuals may not have the necessary income or resources to repair their dwelling,

which could add more situational stress and lead to poorer health. Major repairs could include defective plumbing or

electrical wiring, or repairs needed to structures such as floors and walls.

[5]

[5,6]

19,300Number of dwellings

27.5%Percentage of dwellings that are

single detached houses


who rent their dwelling


whose dwelling is in need of

major repairs

31.1%Percentage of households with

30% or more of income spent on

shelter

Mobility (Census of population, Statistics Canada, 2016)

Mobility refers to an individual ’s geographic movements over time. It is often classified by identifying an individual ’s place

of residence on a certain day (known as the reference date) and comparing that to the place of residence for the individual

on the same reference date at an earlier time period.[7]

40%Percentage of the population in

2016 who moved in the past 5

years

Factors that affect health



Factors that affect health

The following section describes some of the factors that influence the health and well-being of communities. It is important

to note that, although these factors impact health in their own right, they are interrelated and work together to contribute

towards the health of communities.

Income

Income greatly impacts health by affecting living conditions (e.g., adequate

housing and transportation options), access to healthy choices (e.g., healthy

food options and recreational activities), and well-being (e.g., stress levels).

Those with the lowest levels of income tend to experience the poorest health

and health seems to improve with increasing income. This means that all

segments of the population experience the effect of income on health, not just

those living in poverty.

Gross median household income


2016

Education

People with higher levels of education tend to be healthier than those with less formal education. Education impacts job

opportunities, working conditions, and income level. In addition, education equips us to better understand and make

informed choices about the health options available.


% of population aged 15+

Highest Level of Education


11 33 ..22 %%

22 88 ..77 %%

55 88 ..11 %%

% No certificate, diploma, or degree

% Secondary (high) school diploma orequivalent

% Post-secondary certificate, diploma,or degree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Employment provides income and a sense of security for individuals.

Underemployment or unemployment can lead to poorer physical and mental

well-being due to reduced income, lack of employment benefits and elevated

stress levels. Employment conditions such as workplace safety and hours of

work can also impact health.

EmploymentEmployment rate


2016



Physical Environment

Physical environment can promote healthy behaviours by increasing access to healthy food outlets, affordable housing,

walking or biking paths, and smoke-free environments. How communities are planned and built can make healthy options,

like active transportation, more available, affordable, and accessible for everyone.

By keeping health and physical activity accessibility in mind when planning policy and designing physical spaces,

communities can help create healthier environments for citizens.

Active Living Environment

Physical environments can promote healthy behaviours and there is an increasing interest in the promotion of built

environments that facilitate more active living in daily life. The Canadian Active Living Environments (CanALE) database is a

geographically-based set of measures that represents the active livingness, or “walkability”, of communities. In the map

shown below, “least” indicates that the dissemination area is least favourable to active living and “most” indicates

that the area is most favourable to active living in the province-wide scores of ALE classes.[8]

Canadian Active Living Environments Class

McGill University (2019)

Caution for Analysis of Certain DAs in Rural Areas: Although Can-ALE measures are valid for most rural areas, there are certain DAs with uncommon

built or economic environments that may affect statistical analysis (e.g., isolated resort areas, remote communities not connected by road).




% of employed population aged 15+

Mode of Transportation to Work


66 88 ..77 %%

22 44 ..99 %%

33 ..99 %%

11 ..44 %%

11 ..11 %%

% Commuting byprivate motor

vehicle

% Commuting bypublic transit

% Commuting bywalking

% Commuting bybicycle

% Other

0 25 50 75

7%Percentage of the population aged

15+ who have a commute of equal

to or greater than 60 minutes

(Census of population, Statistics Canada,

2016)



The conditions in which people live, work and play can vary greatly. These variations can contribute to what is known as

deprivation, resulting in certain populations facing health inequalities and marginalization.

The Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (CIMD) is an area-based index of deprivation and marginalization that can

provide a cross-sectional measure of social-wellbeing. The CIMD presents an understanding of inequalities based on four

dimensions of deprivation including: situational vulnerability, economic dependency, ethno-cultural composition and

residential instability (see text at the end of this section).

Each dimension is divided into score quintile rankings. In the map shown below, “least” indicates the dissemination area

as least deprived for that dimension and “most” indicates the area as most deprived in the province-wide scores of

deprivation.

Deprivation

[9]

Source: Statistics Canada. (2019). Canadian Index of Multip le Deprivation. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 45-20-0001.



2019

Situational vulnerability refers to differences in socio-demographic conditions in factors such as housing,

education and other characteristics. Indicators contributing to this dimension include: the proportion of

population that identifies as Aboriginal, the proportion of population aged 25-64 without a high school diploma,

the proportion of dwellings needing major repairs, the proportion of population that is low-income, and the

proportion of single parent families.

Ethno-cultural composition refers to the make-up of immigrant populations within the community. Indicators

contributing to this dimension include: the proportion of population who self- identify as a visible minority, the

proportion of population that is foreign-born, the proportion of population who are recent immigrants, and the

proportion of population who are linguistically isolated (have no knowledge of either official languages).

Economic dependency refers to the dependency on the workforce or on other sources of income. Indicators

contributing to this dimension include: the proportion of population participating in labour force, the proportion

of population aged 65 and older, the ratio of employment to population, and the dependency ratio, which is the

population aged 0-14 and aged 65 and older divided by the population aged 15-64.

Residential instability refers to the tendency of neighbourhood inhabitants to change over time, while taking into

consideration characteristics such as housing and family. Indicators contributing to this dimension include: the

proportion of dwellings that are apartment buildings, the proportion of people living alone, the proportion of

dwellings that are owned, and the proportion of population who moved within the last five years.

CHSA Multiple Deprivation Index (CMDI)

Situational vulnerability

Ethno-cultural composition

Economic dependency

Residential instability

Legend for CMDI

Least

2

3

4

Most

Missing

Source: CMDI is a composite index of deprivation for CHSA derived from Statistics Canada. (2019). Canadian Index of Multip le Deprivation. Statistics

Canada Catalogue no. 45-20-0001.

Attachment to a General Practitioner or Group Practice



Attachment to a General Practitioner or Group Practice

One important social determinant of health and a key strategy to reducing health inequities is access to primary healthcare.

However, this access has been found to vary based on factors such as income, education, social support and area of

residence. Attachment to a regular general practitioner improves access to primary care, as general practitioners often act as

the first point of contact for individuals to the healthcare system.

Attachment is also an indicator of continued care as individuals who are attached to a general practitioner or family

practice are provided with long-term, consistent care by health professionals who understand their health needs. This often

reduces the need for duplicate testing and provides a more comprehensive and integrated care experience for the patient.

[10]

[11]

64%Percentage of population who are

attached to a general practitioner

77%Percentage of population who are

attached to a group practice with

GPs and Nurse Practitioner

B.C. Ministry of Health. (2019). Attachment to GP Data, 2018/19.

Health Status: Chronic Diseases

One of the biggest challenges to achieving healthy communities is preventing and managing chronic conditions that

develop over time, such as diabetes, respiratory illnesses, high blood pressure, heart disease, and cancer. Chronic diseases,

also known as non-communicable diseases, are diseases that are persistent and generally slow in progression, which can be

treated but not cured. Chronic conditions result from a complex combination of genetics, healthy lifestyle practices, and

environments and often have common risk factors. The section below provides a glimpse into the chronic diseases profile

of the CHSA and how it compares to the health status of other CHSAs within their LHA as well as to B.C. overall.

Cancer Data (BC Cancer Registry, 2015-2017)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Canada. Over half of all cancers may be prevented through personal health

practices such as no-smoking, physical activity, healthy eating, and reduced sun exposure.

All Cancers

Crude Incidence (per 100,000): 482.5

Female Breast Cancer


All Cancer Deaths

Crude Mortality (per 100,000): 165.4

Colorectal Cancer




Crude Incidence Rates of Cancer Across Neighbouring CHSAs

The following section shows the crude incidence and mortality rates of cancers in all CHSAs within their LHA. If any LHA has

only one CHSA, there will be only one bar in the chart for the CHSA.

CHSA

Incid

ence R

ate

(/1

00

,00

0)

Crude Incidence Rates of All Cancers for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)

BC Cancer Registry (2015-2017)

44 88 22 ..55

44 33 00 ..4444 44 99 ..66

44 11 33 ..99

2221 Burnaby Northwest 2222 Burnaby Northeast 2223 Burnaby Southwest 2224 Burnaby Southeast

0

200

400

600

CHSA

Incid

ence R

ate

(/1

00

,00

0)

Crude Incidence Rates of Colorectal Cancer for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


66 00 ..66

55 11 ..88

66 00 ..11

44 77 ..44


0

20

40

60

80



CHSA

Incid

ence R

ate

(/1

00

,00

0)

Crude Incidence Rates of Female Breast Cancer for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 44 44 ..00

11 33 00 ..99 11 33 22 ..11

11 11 99 ..33


0

50

100

150

200

CHSA

Mort

ality

Rate

(/1

00

,00

0)

Crude Mortality Rates of All Cancers for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 66 55 ..44

11 33 99 ..55

11 77 77 ..88

11 66 00 ..66


0

50

100

150

200



Heart and Circulatory Illness (B.C. Chronic Disease Registry, 2017/18)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among Canadian adults, and includes heart attacks, strokes, heart

failure, and ischemic heart disease. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, contributes to increased risk of

cardiovascular diseases as well as chronic kidney disease.

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Crude Incidence (per 1000): 1.5

Crude Prevalence (per 100): 1.4

Heart Failure



Hospitalized Stroke



Hypertension



Ischemic Heart Disease



Respiratory Illness (B.C. Chronic Disease Registry, 2017/18)

Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) are two important chronic respiratory diseases. Asthma often

occurs in those with a genetic predisposition to the illness and can be caused by allergens in the environment, tobacco

smoke, chemical exposure in the workplace, or air pollution. COPD is a long-term lung disease that is often associated with

smoking.

Asthma



Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder





Mental Illness (B.C. Chronic Disease Registry, 2017/18)

Mental illness refers to diagnosable psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and mood disorders, and

schizophrenia and delusional disorders. Mental illness can also include diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia



Depression



Mood & Anxiety Disorders



Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorders



Neurological Conditions (B.C. Chronic Disease Registry, 2017/18)

Neurological disorders affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. It can include diseases such as epilepsy,

Parkinsonism, and multiple sclerosis.

Epilepsy



Multiple Sclerosis



Parkinsonism




5 © 2020 PHSAcommunityhealth.phsa.ca 15

Bone Diseases (B.C. Chronic Disease Registry, 2017/18)

Bone diseases affect or limit mobility and dexterity and is one of the leading causes of physical disabilities. These

conditions can affect individuals of all ages and includes conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid

arthritis and gout.

Gout



Osteoarthritis



Osteoporosis



Rheumatoid Arthritis



Metabolic Disorders (B.C. Chronic Disease Registry, 2017/18)

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and usually occurs in adults, although rates among children are

rising. Long term complications of diabetes can include other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and chronic

kidney disease.[12]

Diabetes



Chronic Kidney Disease





Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Chronic

Diseases Across Neighbouring CHSAs

The following section shows the age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates in all CHSAs within their LHA.

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Acute MyocardialInfarction for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)

B.C. Chronic Disease Registry (2017/18)

11 ..11

00 ..77

00 ..99

11 ..1111 ..00 11 ..00 11 ..00 11 ..00

AA gg ee SS tt aa nn dd aa rr dd ii zz eedd II nn cc ii dd eenn cc ee RR aa tt ee (( pp ee rr 11 00 00 00 )) AA gg ee SS tt aa nn dd aa rr dd ii zz eedd PP rr eevv aa ll eenn cc ee RR aa tt ee (( pp ee rr 11 00 00 ))


0

0.5

1

1.5

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Alzheimer's Disease andOther Dementia for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 ..5511 ..77

11 ..99

33 ..00

00 ..77 00 ..77

11 ..1111 ..44



0

1

2

3

4



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Asthma for all CHSAs inBurnaby (LHA)


55 ..7755 ..11

44 ..4455 ..44

11 11 ..4411 00 ..55

99 ..5511 00 ..66



0

5

10

15

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Chronic Kidney Diseasefor all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


44 ..8844 ..66

55 ..0044 ..88

22 ..33 22 ..4422 ..77 22 ..88



0

2

4

6



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


22 ..22

22 ..66

22 ..22

22 ..9922 ..66 22 ..55 22 ..55

22 ..88



0

1

2

3

4

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Depression for allCHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 00 ..22 11 00 ..0088 ..66

99 ..66

22 00 ..9911 99 ..99

11 77 ..7711 88 ..88



0

10

20

30



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Diabetes for all CHSAsin Burnaby (LHA)


66 ..44 66 ..8877 ..99 77 ..88

99 ..00 88 ..8899 ..44 99 ..88



0

5

10

15

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Epilepsy for all CHSAs inBurnaby (LHA)


00 ..66

00 ..55 00 ..55 00 ..55

00 ..77 00 ..66 00 ..66 00 ..77



0

0.25

0.5

0.75



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Gout for all CHSAs inBurnaby (LHA)


11 ..9922 ..00

22 ..33

11 ..88

22 ..4422 ..33 22 ..33

22 ..55



0

1

2

3

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Heart Failure for allCHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


22 ..99 22 ..88

33 ..33 33 ..33

11 ..77 11 ..6611 ..99 11 ..99



0

1

2

3

4



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Hospitalized Stroke forall CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 ..11

00 ..9911 ..00

00 ..99

00 ..7700 ..66

00 ..88 00 ..88



0

0.5

1

1.5

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Hypertension for allCHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 55 ..1111 44 ..33

11 55 ..4411 66 ..44

11 77 ..66 11 77 ..11 11 77 ..44

11 88 ..44



0

10

20



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Ischemic Heart Diseasefor all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


66 ..88 66 ..00 66 ..1166 ..55

55 ..77 55 ..88 55 ..8866 ..11



0

2.5

5

7.5

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Mood and AnxietyDisorders for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 55 ..99 11 55 ..88

11 33 ..2211 44 ..44

22 77 ..11

22 55 ..77

22 33 ..1122 44 ..66



0

10

20

30



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Multiple Sclerosis for allCHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


00 ..11

00 ..00 00 ..00 00 ..00

00 ..11 00 ..11 00 ..11 00 ..11



0

0.05

0.1

0.15

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Osteoarthritis for allCHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


44 ..6655 ..11

44 ..22

55 ..00

66 ..99 66 ..88

66 ..5577 ..11



0

2.5

5

7.5



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Osteoporosis for allCHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


11 ..7711 ..99

22 ..2222 ..66

44 ..1133 ..77

44 ..11 44 ..00



0

2

4

6

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Parkinsonism for allCHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


00 ..33

00 ..22

00 ..33

00 ..55

00 ..22 00 ..22

00 ..33 00 ..33



0

0.2

0.4

0.6



CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Rheumatoid Arthritis forall CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


00 ..77 00 ..77 00 ..77 00 ..77

11 ..00 11 ..00

00 ..8800 ..99



0

0.5

1

1.5

CHSA

Rate

Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates of Schizophrenia andDelusional Disorders for all CHSAs in Burnaby (LHA)


00 ..5500 ..44

00 ..77 00 ..77

00 ..99

00 ..66

11 ..0011 ..11



0

0.5

1

1.5



Comparison to B.C. Average

The following chart shows how the CHSA’s age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates for various chronic diseases

differ from the provincial rates. A negative value indicates that the CHSA rate is lower than the provincial rate while a

positive value indicates it is higher.

Rate

Comparison of Age-Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates forSelected Chronic Diseases in Burnaby Northwest to B.C. Rates


--00 ..66

--22 ..77

00 ..00

00 ..99

--33 ..33

--33 ..55

00 ..00

00 ..00

--00 ..77

--00 ..22

--00 ..22

--55 ..11

--33 ..99

00 ..00

--11 ..99

--44 ..11

--00 ..22

--00 ..11

--00 ..22

--00 ..77

--11 ..33

--00 ..99

00 ..00

--22 ..55

--44 ..66

00 ..99

--00 ..22

--00 ..55

--00 ..22

--00 ..11

--44 ..99

--33 ..11

--00 ..11

--11 ..55

--44 ..77

--00 ..22

--00 ..11

--00 ..22

AA gg ee-- SS tt aa nn dd aa rr dd ii zz eedd DD ii ff ff ee rr eenn tt ii aa ll II nn cc ii dd eenn cc ee RR aa tt ee AA gg ee-- SS tt aa nn dd aa rr dd ii zz eedd DD ii ff ff ee rr eenn tt ii aa ll PP rr eevv aa ll eenn cc ee RR aa tt ee

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dem…

Asthma

Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dis…

Depression

Diabetes

Epilepsy

Gout

Heart Failure

Hospitalized Stroke

Hypertension

Mood & Anxiety Disorders

Multiple Sclerosis

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis

Parkinsonism

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Schizophrenia and Delusional Disor…

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6



Age-standardization: An age-standardized rate is a rate that would have existed if the population had the same age

distribution as the selected reference population. The Community Health Service Area health profiles uses the 2011

Canadian standard population weights from the Ministry of Health as the reference population, and chronic disease

incidence and prevalence rates have been age-standardized using the direct standardization method with five-year age

groups.

Crude rates: These rates are not adjusted to the standard population, and represent the number of cases in a specific

geographic region divided by the population/population-at-risk in that region. Crude rates are representative of the burden

of disease in the population.

Incidence: The number of people newly diagnosed with a condition in a population during a specific time period is called

the incidence. Incidence is often presented as a rate – the number of people who get sick over the number of people at risk

of getting sick in a specified time frame.

Prevalence: The total number of people with a condition in a population during a specific time period is called the

prevalence. Prevalence differs from incidence in that it includes people who have been living with the condition for many

years. Prevalence is often presented as a rate – the number of people living with a condition over the total population in a

specified time frame.

Primary Care Network community: A Primary Care Network (PCN) community is composed of one or more PCNs that

together service a geographic region which, in turn, is defined by an amalgamation of CHSAs. A PCN consists of a network

of interdisciplinary clinicians engaged in team-based practice. PCNs act as a hub to connect healthcare providers, streamline

referrals, and provide better support for health practitioners. PCNs are part of the Ministry of Health's vision for a more

integrated and effective primary care system in B.C.

Recent immigrant: Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in

Canada. In the CHSA health profiles, recent immigrants are individuals who, at the time of the Canadian Census 2016

(May 10th), had immigrated to Canada within the past five years.

Refugee: Refugee are immigrants who were granted permanent resident status because they can no longer return to their

home country for fear of persecution due to their race, religion, nationality, social group membership or political opinion.

Refugee can also refer to individuals who have been affected by civil war or armed conflict or have suffered a serious

human rights violation and are resettling in Canada.

BC Cancer. (2020). Cancer Data, 2015-2017.

B.C. Ministry of Health. (2018). Chronic Disease Registry, 2017/18.

B.C. Ministry of Health. (2019). Attachment to GP Data, 2018/19.

McGill University. (2019). Canadian Active Living Environments, 2016. Retrieved from https:// nancyrossresearchgroup.ca.

Statistics Canada. (2018). 2016 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X201001.

Statistics Canada. (2019). Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2016. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 4520-0001.

Glossary

[13]

[13]

Data Sources



1. BC Data Catalogue. (2020). Description of the geographic characteristics of Community Health Service Areas (CHSA).

Retrieved from https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/68f2f577-28a7-46b4-bca9-7e9770f2f357/resource/ad676aae-

f441-4715-9ade-eafb17edbad0/download/chsa_descriptions_2018.xlsx.

2. Statistics Canada. (2012). Household. Retrieved from https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Var.pl?

Function=Unit&Id=96113

3. Robards, J., Evandrou, M., Falkingham, J., Vlachantoni, A. (2012). Marital status, health and mortality. Maturitas,

73(4), 295-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.08.007

4. Amato, P. R., & Patterson, S. E. (2017). Single-parent households and mortality among children and youth. Social

Science Research, 63, 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.09.017

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The Community Health Services Area (CHSA) Health Profiles were developed by the BC Centre for Disease Control, Provincial

Health Services Authority, in support of the development of primary care networks (PCNs) and community-level healthy

living strategies across B.C. The B.C. Ministry of Health ’s primary prevention strategy recognizes the importance of local

interests in supporting the creation of environments that promote healthy living.

These profiles will help inform primary care network partners, public health partners, local governments and community

organizations on the health and well-being of their communities. As such, the profiles will continue to be updated as data

and resources become available to address the changing needs of the communities. Thank you to all of our partners who

have contributed to the development of these profiles.

For queries about the data related to this profile, please contact [email protected]

For queries about the related community, please contact [email protected]

References

Acknowledgements

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