22038050

Luqman HakimLT3D

12

220 380 50

• History• Advantage & Disadvantage• Indonesian Standard

The existence of the various standards has been largely the result of local politics and historical accident

NO MAJOR USE OF VOLTAGE STANDARD

Thomas Alva Edison

it was Thomas Edison who promoted the use of 100 volts DC

Nikola Tesla

He found out that 60 Hz (Hertz, cycles per second) was the best frequency for alternating current (AC) power generating. He preferred 240 volts.

Europe

When the German company AEG built the first European generating facility, its engineers decided to fix the frequency at 50 Hz, because the number 60 didn't fit the metric standard unit sequence (1,2,5)

Today, only a handful of countries (Antigua, Guyana, Peru, the Philippines, South Korea and the Leeward Islands) follow Tesla’s advice and use the 60 Hz frequency together with a voltage of 220-240 V.

110/120 V

EuropeUS

220/240 V110/120 V

the average US household already had a fridge, a washing machine

220 V

220 V

380 Volt380 V / sin 120° = RN / sin

30°380 V sin 30° = RN sin 120°

190 V = 0,886 RNRN = 190 V / 0,866

RN = 220 V

We are NOT created but continue using electricity already

existed.

We began to recognize the electrical 110 V 50 Hz.

Changes into 220 V is due to economic factors.

PLN save money by changing 110 to 220.

Problems Frequency: 50 Hz, back to the beginning, all of the first

machine using 50 Hz, it could be that our country is so rich and

not corrupted, we replace all to the new 60 Hz. This is better for

consumers, because it will be more subtle waves, incandescent

bulbs will be calmer, the TV picture will be much smoother. If

Freq is smaller (eg 25), then our eyes will be able to see the

incandescent lamp blinks 25 times per second.

The advantage

• Voltage loss in transmission can be slightly reduced

• Smaller network wire

• Conductor cross-sectional area of the motor electrical

equipment can also be smaller

The disadvantage

• More dangerous to humans

INDONESIAN STANDARDS

• Voltage standard TR : 220 V / 380 V : + 5% - 10%• Frequency standard : 50 Hz (+ 1Hz, -0,5Hz)

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