22 Biology 2-6-08 Nervous System 2 CNS

8/6/2019 22 Biology 2-6-08 Nervous System 2 CNS

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Your Nervous SystemYour Nervous System

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System


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Engag eEngag e


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ExploreExplore

C lay Br ain sC lay Br ain s


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ExplainExplain

CNSCNSRe lays mess ag esRe lays mess ag esProcesses inf orm a tionProcesses inf orm a tion

Analyzes inf orm a tion Analyzes inf orm a tion


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P a rts o f CNSP a rts o f CNS

1.1. TheThe Spinal CordSpinal Cord2.2. TheThe BrainBrain


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Protect ionsProtect ionsSku ll and Vertebr aeSku ll and Vertebr ae33 protect ive layers c alle d protect ive layers c alle d meningesmeninges

1.1. Dura Mater Dura Mater (outer layer): co ns ists o f co nnect ive t issues,(outer layer): co ns ists o f co nnect ive t issues,bloo d vesse ls, and nerves.bloo d vesse ls, and nerves.

2.2. Arachnoid Layer Arachnoid Layer (m iddle layer): e last ic and web like(m iddle layer): e last ic and web like3 .3 . Pia Mater Pia Mater (inner layer): co ntains nerves and b loo d (inner layer): co ntains nerves and b loo d

vesse ls.vesse ls.4.4. Cerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid

a cle a r wa tery liqu ida cle a r wa tery liqu idse pa r a tes the m iddle and inner layersse pa r a tes the m iddle and inner layersActs a s shock absorber Acts a s shock absorber e xch ang e o f nutr ie nts betwee n b loo d and nervous systeme xch ang e o f nutr ie nts betwee n b loo d and nervous system


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Po ns

P ituita ry gland

Hypoth ala mus

Cerebrum

Medulla ob longa ta S pinal cor d

Cerebe llum

P ineal gland

Thala mus

Section 35-3


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The Br ainThe Br ain

The br ain is theThe br ain is thecontrolcontrol center center of theof thebodybodyIt is aboutIt is about 2%2% of your of your bo dybo dy weightweight and and usesuses 20%20% of your of your bo dysbo dys oxygenoxygen


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P a rts o f the Br ainP a rts o f the Br ain

Divide d intoDivide d into threethree pa rtspa rtsCerebrumCerebrum

Cerebe llumCerebe llumBr ain StemBr ain Stem


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CerebrumCerebrum

1.1. LargestLargest pa rt o f the br ain pa rt o f the br ain Le a r ning and Se nsesLea r ning and Se nses

2 hemispheres2 hemispheres -- R ight and Le f tR ight and Le f tCo nnecte d by theCo nnecte d by the Corpus CallosumCorpus CallosumRight sideRight side co ntro lsco ntro ls-- left sideleft sideLeft sideLeft side co ntro lsco ntro ls r ight s ide o f bo dyr ight s ide o f bo dy

Four sect ionsFour sect ions -- LOBESLOBES1.1. FrontalFrontal Lobe 2.Lobe 2. ParietalParietal LobeLobe3.3. OccipitalOccipital Lobe 4.Lobe 4. TemporalTemporal LobeLobe


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G r ay Ma tter vs. Wh ite M a tter G r ay Ma tter vs. Wh ite M a tter

G ray Matter G ray Matter Abse nce o f mye lin in Abse nce o f mye lin in ma sses o f neuro ns accou nts f or the gr ayma sses o f neuro ns accou nts f or the gr ay

ma tter o f the br ain ma tter o f the br ain Cerebral CortexCerebral CortexW hite Matter W hite Matter -- Mye linate d neuro ns givesMye linate d neuro ns givesneuro ns a wh ite app e a r an ceneuro ns a wh ite app e a r an ce inner layer inner layer

of cerebrumof cerebrum


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Cerebe llumCerebe llum

Seco nd lar gestSeco nd lar gestloc a te d loc a te d belowbelow thethecerebrum a t b ack o f cerebrum a t b ack o f

sku ll sku ll Th is pa rt isTh is pa rt isres pons ible f or theres pons ible f or thebalancebalance and and musclemusclecoor dina tioncoor dina tion


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Br ain StemBr ain Stem

Co nnects theCo nnects the brain tobrain to spinal cordspinal cordTheThe Two RegionsTwo Regions act a s sw itchbo a r dact a s sw itchbo a r d

Medulla OblongataMedulla Oblongata Co ntro ls he a rt r a te,Co ntro ls he a rt r a te,bre a th ing r a te, and flow o f b loo d throu ghbre a th ing r a te, and flow o f b loo d throu ghthe b loo d vesse ls.the b loo d vesse ls.PonsPons Re lays s ignal s betwee n theRe lays s ignal s betwee n the

cerebrum and the cerebe llumcerebrum and the cerebe llum


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Po ns

P ituita ry gland

Hypoth ala mus

Cerebrum

Medulla ob longa ta S pinal cor d

Cerebe llum

P ineal gland

Thala mus

Section 35-3


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S pinal Cor dS pinal Cor d

Link betwee n br ain and rest o f bo dy (PNS)Link betwee n br ain and rest o f bo dy (PNS)31 pai rs o f s pinal nerves31 pai rs o f s pinal nerves

Re fle xes processe d direct ly by s pinal cor dRe fle xes processe d direct ly by s pinal cor dReflexReflex qu ick, autom a tic, u nco nsc iousqu ick, autom a tic, u nco nsc iousres ponsesres ponses

Resu lt o f Resu lt o f reflex arcsreflex arcs shortest nerve pa thw aysshortest nerve pa thw ays


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Ela bor a tionEla bor a tion

Nicotine in the Body and BrainNicotine in the Body and Brain


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Drugs and the NervousDrugs and the Nervous

SystemSystemDrug Drug an y subst an ce, other th an f oo d tha tan y subst an ce, other th an f oo d tha tch ang es the structure or f unct ion of thech ang es the structure or f unct ion of thebo dybo dyLe galLe galIlle galIlle gal


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Drugs Th a t Aff ect the Sy nap seDrugs Th a t Aff ect the Sy nap se


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U se d to incre ase alert ness,re lieve fatigue

U se d to re lieve anxiety,irr itability, te ns ion

U se d to re lieve pain

St imu lants

Depress an ts

O pia tes

Amphet am ines

Ba rb itur a tesTr anq uilizers

Mor phine

Co de ine

Incre ase he a rt and res pir a tory r a tes;e lev a te b loo d pressure; dilate pupils;decre ase app et ite

S low down the act ions o f the ce ntr al nervous system; sm all amou nts c ausecalmness and re laxa tion; lar ger amou nts c ause s lurre d s peech and impaire d judgeme nt

Act as a depress an t; c ause

drows iness, rest less ness, na use a

Section 35-5

Commonly Abused Drugs

Drug Type Medical Use Examples Effects on the body


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1. St imu lan ts1. St imu lan tsIncre a seIncre a se

He a rt r a teHe a rt r a teBloo d pressureBloo d pressureBre a th ingBre a th ingRe le ase o f neurotr an sm itters a t some sy nap ses in theRe le ase o f neurotr an sm itters a t some sy nap ses in thebr ain br ain

De plete neurotr an sm itters and le ad to:De plete neurotr an sm itters and le ad to:Fa tigueFa tigue

C ircu latory prob lemsC ircu latory prob lemsHalluc ina tionsHalluc ina tionsDe press ionDe press ion


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2. De press an ts2. De press an tsDecre a seDecre a se

He a rt r a teHe a rt r a teBre a th ing r a teBre a th ing r a te

Bloo d pressureBloo d pressureRe lax musc lesRe lax musc lesRe lieve te ns ionRe lieve te ns ion

Enhan ces re le a se o f neurotr an sm ittersEnhan ces re le a se o f neurotr an sm itters

tha t preve nt nerves ce lls f rom fir ingtha t preve nt nerves ce lls f rom fir ingAlcoho l with de press an ts c an le ad to Alcoho l with de press an ts c an le ad tode a thde a th de presses CNS to a po int o nede presses CNS to a po int o nesto ps bre a th ingsto ps bre a th ing


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3. O pia tes3. O pia tes

Mim ics e ndor ph insMim ics e ndor ph insEndorphinEndorphin na tur al chem ical in br ain tha t he lpsna tur al chem ical in br ain tha t he lpsovercome pain overcome pain Whe n perso n sto ps t akingWhe n perso n sto ps t aking

Br ain has ad juste d to h igh leve ls o f e ndor ph insBr ain has ad juste d to h igh leve ls o f e ndor ph insCann ot produce e nou gh na tur al e ndor phinsCann ot produce e nou gh na tur al e ndor phins

Su ff er u nco ntro llab le pain and s icknessSu ff er u nco ntro llab le pain and s ickness


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4. Coc aine4. Coc aine

Su dde n re le ase o f Su dde n re le ase o f DopamineDopaminePower f u l St imu lan tPower f u l St imu lan tIncre a ses he a rt r a te and b loo d pressureIncre a ses he a rt r a te and b loo d pressureF irst t ime users c an have he a rt a ttackF irst t ime users c an have he a rt a ttackDopamineDopamine neurotr an sm itter in br ain tha t isneurotr an sm itter in br ain tha t isre le a se d to give f ee ling of ple a sure and re le a se d to give f ee ling of ple a sure and

s a tis fact ions a tis fact ion


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5 . Ma r i juana5 . Ma r i juanaAct ive ingre die nt (THC) tetr ahydroc anna b ino l Act ive ingre die nt (THC) tetr ahydroc anna b ino lMore destruct ive to lung s th an ciga rettesMore destruct ive to lung s th an ciga rettes

5 ma r i juana cigs = 120 co nve ntional c igs5 ma r i juana cigs = 120 co nve ntional c igs

Resu lts in:Resu lts in:Lower WBC cou nt by 40%Lower WBC cou nt by 40% - - susce ptib le to inf ect ionssusce ptib le to inf ect ionsTee nsTee ns

inh ib its m a tur ityinh ib its m a tur ityRet a r ds norm al br ain growthRet a r ds norm al br ain growth

Memory lossMemory lossIna b ility to co nce ntr a teIna b ility to co nce ntr a teFall short o n memory a s we ll a s m a th and verb al sk illsFall short o n memory a s we ll a s m a th and verb al sk ills

MalesMales re duce d testostero ne leve ls and incre a ses estro ge n leve lsre duce d testostero ne leve ls and incre a ses estro ge n leve lsFem alesFem ales

disturbs me nstru al cyc ledisturbs me nstru al cyc leDN A da mag e to e gg sDN A da mag e to e gg s


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More Eff ects (FY I)More Eff ects (FY I)Impai re d perce ption Impai re d perce ption Loss o f coor dina tion Loss o f coor dina tion Incre a se d r isk o f acc ide ntsIncre a se d r isk o f acc ide ntsImpai re d judgeme ntImpai re d judgeme ntLoss o f mot iva tion Loss o f mot iva tion Dim inishe d inh ib itionsDim inishe d inh ib itionsIncre a se d he a rt r a teIncre a se d he a rt r a teAnxiety, pani c a ttacks, and pa r an o ia Anxiety, pani c a ttacks, and pa r an o ia Halluc ina tionsHalluc ina tionsDamag e to the res pir a tory, re product ive, and immu ne systemsDamag e to the res pir a tory, re product ive, and immu ne systemsIncre a se d r isk o f C ANC ERIncre a se d r isk o f C ANC ERPsycho logical de pe nde ncyPsycho logical de pe nde ncy


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6 . Alcoho l6 . Alcoho lDe press an tDe press an tS lows down CNSS lows down CNS

40% o f 5 0,000 h ighway de a ths a re c ause d by40% o f 5 0,000 h ighway de a ths a re c ause d bydr inking and dr ivingdr inking and dr iving1/3 o f homoc ides a ttr ibute d to e ff ects o f alcoho l1/3 o f homoc ides a ttr ibute d to e ff ects o f alcoho l$15 0 b illion dollars o f U .S. eco nomy alcoho l abuse$15 0 b illion dollars o f U .S. eco nomy alcoho l abusetre a tme nttre a tme nt

Fet al Alcoho l Sy nd rome (F AS)Fet al Alcoho l Sy nd rome (F AS)

Dr inking wh ile pre gnan tDr inking wh ile pre gnan tHe a rt de f ects, m alf orme d faces, de laye d growth, poor He a rt de f ects, m alf orme d faces, de laye d growth, poor motor deve lopme ntmotor deve lopme nt


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Alcoho l and Dise a se Alcoho l and Dise a se

LongLong --term alcoho l use or bouts o f term alcoho l use or bouts o f e xcess ive co nsum ptione xcess ive co nsum ption

Destroys liver ce llsDestroys liver ce llsC irrhos is o f liver C irrhos is o f liver f orm a tion of sc a r tissuef orm a tion of sc a r tissuetha t preve nts b loo d flow throu gh liver tha t preve nts b loo d flow throu gh liver


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Drug AbuseDrug Abuse

Inte ntional m isuse o f an y drug f or Inte ntional m isuse o f an y drug f or nonme dical pur posesnonme dical pur poses

AddictionAddiction u nco ntro llab le de pe nde nceunco ntro llab le de pe nde nceon a drugon a drug


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O nly Way to Preve nt Addict ion O nly Way to Preve nt Addict ion

and Eff ects o f Drugsand Eff ects o f Drugs

NO T taking them to be gin withNO T taking them to be gin with

22 Biology 2-6-08 Nervous System 2 CNS

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