• 2/13 Focus:2/13 Focus:– During the High Middle Ages, many During the High Middle Ages, many

changes took place in Europe. changes took place in Europe. The growth of trade brought about The growth of trade brought about new business practices and bigger new business practices and bigger townstowns

• Do Now:Do Now: –What was Joan of Arcs contribution to the

Hundred Years War?– Add Parliament and guilds to the word bank

Test Review

The Early Middle Ages

Causes Effects

The Fall of Rome

Frequent invasions from barbarians such as the Vikings Roman road networks become unsafe to travel on

People flee cities to go live in countryside

Trade declinesTrade declines

Knowledge and learning Knowledge and learning declinedecline

People have to become self sufficientPeople have to become self sufficient

Lack of central governmentLack of central government

Development of feudalism and the Development of feudalism and the manorial system manorial system

• During the Early Middle Ages, a tribe known as the Franks took over Gaul, today Gaul is modern day

• Clovis I, King of the Franks, converted to _____________ and gained the support of the Church

France

Christianity

• Charles Martel stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe when he defeated the Moors at the Battle of _________________

• ____________________ was crowned Holy Roman Empire by the pope and was able to establish an empire that stretched across modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy

ToursCharlemagne

• occurs when there is weak centralized government and the people need ______________

• King divides __________in exchange for military service and loyalty

• __________ hold the real power

protection

land

Nobles

• _______________ based on the amount of land owned

• Knights follow a code of conduct known as __________________

• ___________ are bound to the land

Power

Chivalry Serfs

• Lords give knights land• Knights give – lords loyalty and protection – give serfs protection and allow to farm

land

• Serfs work the land

• ______________ system that developed along with Feudalism

• Primary economic activity was __________________

• Manor was based on the concept of __________________

Agriculture

Self- sufficiency

Economic

• served as a _________________ force in Western Europe after the fall of Rome

• __________ in monasteries helped preserve Greek and Roman knowledge

• Popes had spiritual influence over followers and over time developed ___________ power

Unifying

Monks

secular

• Popes were able to influence political leaders by threatening to _________________ rulers who did not follow the Church

• Popes and rulers often had conflicts over power in Europe – Pope Gregory tried to expand power of the

church over rulers– Investiture Controversy developed over the

right to appoint bishops

excommunicate

• William of Normandy conquers England at the _______________________in 1066 – Gave lands to Norman supporters;

determines who builds castles and where

– Takes a census of called the _____________________in order to create an efficient tax system

Battle of Hastings

Domesday Book

• King John is forced to sign the ________________–Limited the power of the ________________–King must obey the law –Magna Carta leads to the formation of the ____________

Magna Carta

King

Parliament

• Effects: – Trade increased – Kings gain more power– Increased cultural diffusion with the

Muslim world– Relations between Christian, Jews, and

Muslims became strained

• Horse Collar • Iron Plow • Three Field System

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

• __________________ increased as a result of contact with Asia during the Crusades

• ______________ dominated trade in southern Europe; Flanders in the north – Examples: Genoa, Venice; Hanseatic

League

Trade

Italian city-states

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

• Formation of towns helped weaken ________________

• Demand increased for ____________ rather than barter

feudalism

currency

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

• ___________ developed to protect and invest people’s money

• Skilled workers and merchants formed _____________ to set prices and standards for quality

Banking

guilds

Art/Architecture/Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Philosophy/LiteratureLiterature

• Architecture reflected the _________________ and use of __________________ to construct much taller buildings and huge stained glass windows.

Gothic style Flying buttress

Art/Architecture/Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Philosophy/LiteratureLiterature

• ___________________and _______________ are examples of medieval literature

• _________________ studied Greek philosophy; tried to use reason and logic to support Christian religious beliefs

Song of RolandCanterbury Tales

Thomas Aquinas

One Hundred Years War

• War between England and France • Began over dispute over succession

to the French throne • Joan of Arc helped turn the tide of

the war for the French• War showed that Knights were no

longer effective in war • Contributed to the end of the feudal

system