2110U10-1 S18-2110U10-1 GEOGRAPHY – AS unit 1 · GCE AS/A LEVEL – NEW: 2110U10-1: GEOGRAPHY –...
28
2110U101 01 ADDITIONAL MATERIALS A calculator. Resource folder. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen. Do not use correction fluid. Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. In Section A, answer either questions 1 and 2 or questions 3 and 4. Answer all questions in Section B. If further space is required you should use the continuation pages at the back of this booklet. The question number(s) should be clearly shown. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question; you are advised to divide your time accordingly. This paper requires that you make as full use as possible of appropriate examples and reference to data to support your answers. Sketch maps and diagrams should be included where relevant. A plain page is available at the back of the booklet for you to add any relevant sketch maps and diagrams you may wish to include. The question number(s) should be clearly shown. VP*(S18-2110U10-1) MAY182110U10101 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. Surname Other Names Candidate Number 2 Centre Number GCE AS/A LEVEL – NEW 2110U10-1 GEOGRAPHY – AS unit 1 CHANGING LANDSCAPES TUESDAY, 15 MAY 2018 – AFTERNOON 2 hours S18-2110U10-1 For Examiner’s use only Question Maximum Mark Mark Awarded 1. 16 2. 16 3. 16 4. 16 5. 22 6. 24 7. 18 Total 96
Transcript of 2110U10-1 S18-2110U10-1 GEOGRAPHY – AS unit 1 · GCE AS/A LEVEL – NEW: 2110U10-1: GEOGRAPHY –...
211
0U
10
10
1
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
A calculator.Resource folder.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen. Do not use correction fluid.Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.In Section A, answer either questions 1 and 2 or questions 3 and 4.Answer all questions in Section B.If further space is required you should use the continuation pages at the back of this booklet. The question number(s) should be clearly shown.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question; you are advised to divide your time accordingly.This paper requires that you make as full use as possible of appropriate examples and reference to data to support your answers. Sketch maps and diagrams should be included where relevant.A plain page is available at the back of the booklet for you to add any relevant sketch maps and diagrams you may wish to include. The question number(s) should be clearly shown.
VP*(S18-2110U10-1)MAY182110U10101 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Surname
Other Names
CandidateNumber
2
CentreNumber
GCE AS/A LEVEL – NEW
2110U10-1
GEOGRAPHY – AS unit 1CHANGING LANDSCAPES
TUESDAY, 15 MAY 2018 – AFTERNOON
2 hours
S18-2110U10-1
For Examiner’s use only
Question MaximumMark
MarkAwarded
1. 16
2. 16
3. 16
4. 16
5. 22
6. 24
7. 18
Total 96
2
(2110U10-1)02
Examineronly
Section A: Changing Landscapes
Answer either questions 1 and 2 or questions 3 and 4 from your chosen landscape.
Make the fullest possible use of examples and data to support your answers.
Coastal Landscapes
Answer questions 1 and 2 if this is your chosen landscape.
Figure 1: Processes of coastal retreat on the North Norfolk coast, UK
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Place Landslides % Mudflows % Wind Erosion % Water Erosion %
Weybourne 100 0 0 0
Sheringham 72 0 28 0
Overstrand 73 7 0 20
Mundesley 86 0 5 9
1. (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to describe variations in the processes of coastal retreat for different places in North Norfolk. [5]
Source: north-norfolk.co.uk
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
211
0U
10
10
3
03
3Examiner
only (ii) Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. [3]
(b) Assess the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape at one or more locations. [8]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
4
(2110U10-1)04
Examineronly
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITEON THIS PAGE
(2110U10-1)05 Turn over.
5
211
0U
10
10
5
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
6
(2110U10-1)06
Examineronly
2. (a) (i) Use Figure 2 in the Resource Folder to identify characteristics of both high and low energy coastal environments. [5]
(ii) Suggest one way in which the landform at 900710 (Traeth Mawr) is linked to other landforms as part of the coastal system. [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
211
0U
10
10
7
07
7Examiner
only (b) Examine the role of marine erosional processes in the formation of one or more landforms
of coastal erosion. [8]
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
8
(2110U10-1)08
Examineronly
3. (a) (i) Use Figure 3 to compare the sedimentary characteristics of the eskers. [5]
(ii) Suggest one reason why the sediment in these eskers is less than (<) 60 mm in size. [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Glaciated Landscapes
Answer questions 3 and 4 if this is your chosen landscape.
Figure 3: Sedimentary characteristics of four eskers at Hepburn Island, Nunavut, Canada
Sediment type Size Esker 1 (%) Esker 2 (%) Esker 3 (%) Esker 4 (%)
gravel < 60 mm 0 35 46 66
sand < 2 mm 87 65 47 32
silt < 0.06 mm 13 0 7 2
Source: enr.gov.nt.ca
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
211
0U
10
10
9
09
9Examiner
only (b) Examine the role of ground ice in the formation of one periglacial landform. [8]
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
10
(2110U10-1)10
Examineronly
4. (a) (i) Use Figure 4 in the Resource Folder to identify characteristics of both glacial erosion and deposition. [5]
(ii) What evidence is there to suggest that Afon Ogwen (633633) is a misfit stream? [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
211
0U
10
111
11
11Examiner
only (b) Assess the impacts of one glacial process on human activity. [8]
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
12
(2110U10-1)© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Section B: Tectonic Hazards
Answer all questions.
Make the fullest possible use of examples and data to support your answers.
Figure 5a: Characteristics of the 2010 volcanic eruption at Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland
On the 14th April 2010, after weeks of reduced activity, Eyjafjallajökull erupted beneath its glacier ice cap causing the melting of large amounts of ice. By mid-morning it was spewing out a substantial stream of steam and ash. By midday the surrounding rivers had risen by 3m and a plume of ash had risen through the air to 6.5 km in the sky.
April
A1st Explosive
Phase
BEffusivePhase
DDeclining
Phase
C2nd Explosive
Phase
May14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
0
100
200
300
400airborne ashlavadebris transportedby meltwater
volu
me
rate
(m3 s–1
)
5. (a) (i) Use Figure 5a to describe trends shown in airborne ash over time. [5]
Examineronly
12
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
13
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Figure 5b: Highway 1, the road that goes around Iceland, is cut off by a flood
Figure 5c: Farmers team up to rescue cattle from exposure to the toxic volcanic ash
Figure 5d: Basalt and ice deposits hundreds of metres from the river channel
(ii) Using Figures 5a-5d suggest how variations in the characteristics of this volcanic eruption resulted in different hazards. [9]
Examineronly
Source: swisseduc.ch
13
211
0U
10
113
14
(2110U10-1)
Examineronly
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.14
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
15Examiner
only (b) Explain the formation of volcanoes at diverging plate margins. [8]
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.15
16
(2110U10-1)
Examineronly
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1 400 000
1 600 000
Airlines Cost to the firm (millions of euros)
Aer Lingus –7
Air France-KLM –368
British Airways –368
Easyjet –338
Finnair –83
Iberia –525
Lufthansa –670
Ryanair –791
SAS –229
Figure 6a: Costs of disruption to European Airlines
Figure 6b: Total foreign visitors to Iceland (1950 to 2016)
6. (a) (i) State the mode of the costs to firms shown in Figure 6a. [1]
Mode: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Calculate the mean of the costs to firms shown in Figure 6a. Show your working. [2]
Source: core.ac.uk
Source: Icelandic Tourist Board
During the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull large volumes of ash in the atmosphere had an impact on air travel. Figure 6a shows information concerning the impacts on air transport firms and Figure 6b shows the total number of foreign visitors to Iceland since 1950.
16
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
17Examiner
only (iii) Use Figures 6a and 6b to suggest how the economic impacts of this eruption
varied. [6]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.17
18
(2110U10-1)
Examineronly
Source: researchgate.net
(b) Use Figure 6c to describe the pattern of ash fallout around the central vent of Eyjafjallajökull. [5]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Figure 6c: Depth of ash fallout (cm) around Eyjafjallajökull 14th-16th April 2010
510
3
N
21
0.50.1
0.1
0.5
10 km
central vent
03
Edge of glacier
Isolines of ash depth in cm
18
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
19Examiner
only (c) Assess the importance of distance from the source of a tectonic hazard in determining
the level of impact on people. [10]
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.19
20
(2110U10-1)
Examineronly
7. (a) Outline two social impacts of a named earthquake event. [10]
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.20
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
21Examiner
only (b) Examine the success of one short-term response used to manage the impacts of
earthquakes. [8]
Additional space: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.21
22
(2110U10-1)
Examineronly
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
END OF PAPER
22
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITEON THIS PAGE
(2110U10-1) Turn over.
23
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.23
Questionnumber
Additional page, if required.Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin.
Examineronly
(2110U10-1)
24
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.24
(2110U10-1)
25
Examineronly
Questionnumber
Additional page, if required.Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.25
(2110U10-1)
26
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Questionnumber
Additional page, if required.Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin.
Examineronly
26
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITEON THIS PAGE
(2110U10-1)
27
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.27
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITEON THIS PAGE
(2110U10-1)
28
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.28
