Matter PSc.2.1: Understand types, properties, and structure of matter.
2.1 - Structure
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Transcript of 2.1 - Structure
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2.1 - StructureIB Topics 2.1.1-2.1.7
Topic 2 – The Ecosystem
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Biotic and Abiotic ComponentsBiotic
All living components of the ecosystem
Ex:
Abiotic All non-living
components of the ecosystem
Ex:
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Food Chains The position an organism occupies in a
food chain is called the trophic level.
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Local Food Chain Example:
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Food Webs Ecosystems
contain many interconnected food chains
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Pyramid of Numbers A graphical model
of the number of organisms in a food chain
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Pyramid of Biomass A graphical model
of the amount of biomass present in a food chain at a certain point in time
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Pyramid of Productivity A graphical model
of the rate of energy production over time
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Key Words (define and provide a local example of each) Species Population Habitat Niche Community Ecosystem
Parasitism Mutualism Predation Herbivory
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2.2 – Measuring Abiotic ComponentsIB Topics 2.2.1-2.2.2
Topic 2 – The Ecosystem
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Significant Abiotic Factors Terrestrial
Ecosystem Marine
Ecosystem Freshwater
Ecosystem
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2.3 – Measuring Biotic ComponentsIB Topics 2.3.1-2.3.5
Topic 2 – The Ecosystem
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Estimating abundance of organisms Counting the
number of organisms is almost always done using an estimate
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Lincoln Index A mathematical
model to estimate population size
Capture-mark-release-recapture
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Example 1
13 deer were caught and marked
14 deer were caught the second time and 5 were marked
Example 2
75 Ladybugs were caught and marked
80 Ladybugs were caught the second time and 3 were marked
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Quadrats A square of area
used to measure the population of non-mobile organisms Can help to
calculate population density and percentage cover
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Diversity1. The number of
different species
2. The number of individuals of each species
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Simpson’s Diversity Index Used to compare
diversity between areas
High value of D implies stable ecosystem
Low value of D implies unstable ecosystem