292

21. Constans II (641-668).

Constantinople; 40 nummi. D. O. Class I (641-643). ñNTÕTO NIKA. Standing figure holding long cross and globus cruciger.

m between A/N/A and N/ñ/O/S; regnal year preceded by officina letter below. Regnal year 1 (641/2). 21.1. Officina à. D. O. 59c, MIB 162a. 5.04 gms. 200. 251.88.

1

21.2. Officina å. D. O. 59d, MIB 162a. 5.86 gms. 210. 804.02.

Regnal year 2 (642/3). 21.3. Officina A. D. O. 60a, MIB 162a. 4.43 gms. 220. 805.02.

21.4. Officina å. D. O. 60d, MIB 162c. 4.35 gms. 230. 806.02.

Mule: Class 5 of Heraclius with Class 1 of Constans. 21.5.* 4.56 gms. 150. 512.95.

D. O. Class 2 (642-643). ñNTÕTO NIKA. Standing figure holding long cross and globus cruciger.

m; A/N/A above, O/ú/A to left and N/ñ/O/S to right; regnal year preceded by officina letter below. Regnal year 2 (642/3). 21.6. Officina å. D. O. 61d, MIB 163a. 4.37 gms. 190. 1028.05.

2

21.7. Officina ñ. D. O. 61e, MIB 163a. 4.76 gms. 180. 1302.07.

293

Class 2 bis (643-644). INPñR CONSt.

Bust facing wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding a globus cruciger.

M between A/N/A and II/I (regnal year 3; 643/4), officina letter (à) beneath, NñO1 below. 21.8. MIB 166. 5.32 gms. 200. 1303.07.

D. O. Class 3 (643-644). ñNTÕT ONIKA.

Standing figure facing holding long cross and globus cruciger.

M, A/N/A above, +/III/+ (regnal year 3; 643/4) to left, NñOS to right, officina letter (ñ) below. 21.9. D. O. - , MIB 164. 4.39 gms. 220. 237.88.

3

Class 3 ter (643-644). ñNTÕTO NIKA

Standing figure facing holding long cross and globus cruciger.

m; A/N/A to left, NñOS above, II/I (regnal year 3 643/4) to right, officina letter beneath. 21.10. Officina A. D. O. - , MIB 165. 5.33 gms. 180. 1292.06.

21.11. Officina ñ. D. O. - , MIB 165. 4.18 gms. 190. 267.89.

4

Class 4 bis (651-652). ….. CON … . Bust facing, bearded, holding globus cruciger. M between A/N/A and N/ñ/O/S; officina letter beneath, IA (regnal year 11) below. 21.12. Officina å. D. O. - , MIB 169. 3.58 gms. 210. 729.01.

21.13.* Officina ñ. D. O. - , MIB - . 3.61 gms. 210. 131.86.

294

D. O. Class 5 (651-656). ñNTÕT O NIKA. Standing figure facing with long beard holding long cross and globus cruciger.

M between A/N/A and N/ñ/O/S; officina letter beneath, regnal year below. Regnal year 11 (IA; 651/2).

21.14. Officina å. D. O. 69d, MIB 170b. 4.02 gms. 200. 297.89.

5

Regnal year 12 (XII; 652/3). 21.15. Officina å. D. O. (70b), MIB 170b. 2.99 gms. 220. 1004.05.

Regnal year 14 (XIIII; 654/5). 21.16.* Officina ñ. D. O. - , MIB 170c. 3.28 gms. 200. 972.04.

D. O. Class 6 (655-657). ñNTÕT O NIKA. Standing facing figure with long beard. M between K/w/N and C/T/A/N; officina letter beneath, regnal year below. Regnal year 16 (X/1; 656/7).

21.17. Officina B. D. O. 76b, MIB 172. 2.88 gms. 180. 807.02.

D. O. Class 8 (655-668). No obverse legend. Two standing facing figures. M, regnal year 16 (X/uI; 656/7) to right, K above, officina letter (A) beneath, CON below. 21.18. D. O. - , MIB 174d. 3.22 gms. 190. 808.02.

D. O. Class 9 (659-665). No obverse legend. Standing facing figure with long beard wearing helmet with plume and cuirass and holding long cross; I/í to left, M, with officina letter beneath, to right.

Three standing facing figures each wearing chlamys and crown with cross and holding a globus cruciger. Regnal year 19 (659/660). 21.19.* Officina B. D. O. (82b), MIB 175. 3.52 gms. 000. 1006.05.

295

D. O. Class 9 (659-665). No obverse legend. Regnal year 19 (659/660). 21.20. Officina letter illegible. D. O. 82, MIB 175. 4.06 gms, 000. 1007.05.

D. O. Class 10 (665-666). No obverse legend. Two standing figures; Constans, with long beard, in military uniform and holding long cross; Constantine wearing chlamys; X/X/ñ to right.

M between two standing figures; officina letter beneath, CON below. 21.21.* Officina A. D. O. (n. a.), MIB 176a. 4.26 gms. 180. 1358.08.

21.22. Officina à. D. O. 87b , MIB 176a. 4.64 gms. 220. 714.01.

D. O. Class 11 (666-668). No obverse legend. Bust facing with long beard and wearing helmet with cross within plume; K to right.

M; busts of Heraclius, Tiberius and Constantine to left, right and above; officina letter beneath.

21.23. Officina A. D. O. - , MIB 177a. 3.93 gms. 000. 840.02.

21.24. Officina A. D. O. - , MIB 177a. 3.86 gms. 180. 1005.05.

Constantinople; 20 nummi. D. O. Class 2 (circa 642-646). No obverse legend.

Bust facing wearing chlamys and crown with cross. K between A/N/A and N/ñ, å beneath. 21.25.* D. O. 91a, MIB 181. 3.38 gms. 030. 2032.14.

D. O. Class 6 (circa 660-668). No obverse legend. Bust facing, with long beard; K to right. K between A/N/A and N to right, officina letter beneath. 21.26. Officina å. D. O. 95c, MIB 185. 1.91 gms. 190. 815.02.

296

Constantinople; 10 nummi. D. O. 96-100 (660-665). No obverse legend. Bust facing, with long beard; K to right. I, regnal year to left, officina letter to right, CON below. Regnal year 20 (660/61). 21.27. Officina à. D. O. 96, MIB 186. 2.82 gms. 190. 749.01.

Regnal year 21 (661/2). 21.28. Officina letter illegible. D. O. 97 (officina A), MIB 186. 2.21 gms. 180. 663.99.

Thessalonica; 40 nummi. D. O. 102-104 (666-668). No obverse legend. Bust facing with long beard and wearing helmet with cross within plume; K to right.

M; busts of Heraclius, Tiberius and Constantine to left, right and above; í below. 21.29.* D. O. 104 var., MIB 178d. 4.83 gms. 180. 1350.08.

Alexandria; 12 nummi. MIB 188 (641-642). No obverse legend. Bust facing, beardless, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. I B, cross above M between, AΛñz below.

21.30. D. O. 7 (Heraclonas). 9.52 gms. 180. 43.84.

MIB 189 (D. O. Class 1) (645-646). No obverse legend. Standing figure wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding staff and globus cruciger.

I B, cross potent on globe between, with pellets on either side, AΛñz below. 21.31.* D. O. 105. 8.49 gms. 180. 782.02.

21.32. D. O. 105. 7.52 gms. 140. 258.88.

297

Alexandria; 12 nummi. MIB 190 (D. O. Class 2) (645-646). No obverse legend. Standing figure wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding staff and globus cruciger. I B, cross potent on globe between, AΛñz below. 21.33. D. O. 106. 8.91 gms. 210. 1959.13.

Pseudo-Imperial issues (circa 640-690). Standing figure wearing crown and chlamys and holding long cross and globus cruciger or cross; sometimes star to right.

I B, cross potent on globe between, pseudo-mint mark below. Phillips 11. No obverse legend. 21.34.* Ããñ .. . MIB x37. 6.12 gms. 010. 789.02.

6

D. O. 131-139 (Fustat). No obverse legend. 21.35.* MAC .. . MIB x36. 3.08 gms. 180. 770.02.

7

D. O. 140 (ABAZ or similar). No obverse legend. Bust facing; palm to left; sometimes star above ñ to right. M between I and B; pseudo-mint mark below. 21.36.* OBã. MIB x35. 8.18 gms. 180. 1918.13.

21.37. ãBãz. MIB x35. 7.21 gms. 200. 858.02.

8

21.38.* ABAz. MIB x35. 4.78 gms. 160. 2025.14.

MIB 90. Obverse legend illegible. Profile bust right. M between I and B; ããñz below. 21.39.* 1.84 gms. 310. 1449.09.

Uncertain mint; (D. O. 142-143): see Addendum.

298

Carthage; D. O. Class 1 (641-643). 20 nummi. ñN TÕT ONIKA. Standing figure wearing crown with cross, cuirass and paludamentum and holding long cross and globus cruciger.

K between crosses; CRT1 below. 21.40. D. O. 135, MIB 195. 7.39 gms. 130. 214.88.

9

21.41. D. O. 135, MIB 195. 4.90 gms. 270. 343.90.

Carthage; D. O. Class 2 (643-647). 20 nummi. DNCONST ANTINVS (or similar). Bust facing wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger.

Cross between X and X, CRT1 below. 21.42. D.O. 138, MIB 196a. 7.50 gms. 040. 65.84.

21.43.* D.O. 138, MIB 196b. 5.11 gms. 250. 715.01.

10 nummi. CONSTAN TINVSPPA. Bust facing wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. V V with cross between. 21.44. D. O. 141, MIB 201a. 3.17 gms. 320. 230.88.

Carthage; D. O. Class 4 (647-659). 20 nummi. DNCONS TANTP (or similar). Bust facing wearing consular dress and holding mappa and globus cruciger.

Cross between C/X and T/X each with pellet above; star above cross. 21.45.* D. O. 144, MIB 198a. 5.64 gms. 180. 655.99.

21.46.* D. O. 145, MIB 198c. 4.91 gms. 140. 109.85.

299

Carthage; D. O. Class 5 (659-668). 40 nummi. No obverse legend. Two standing figures; Constans, with long beard, in military uniform and holding long cross and Constantine wearing chlamys.

M between figures of Heraclius and Tiberius wearing crown and chlamys; Heraclian monogram above, CT1 below. 21.47.* D. O. 147, MIB 194. 4.53 gms. 020. 394.91.

20 nummi. No obverse legend. Two facing busts; Constans with long beard. Facing busts of Heraclius and Tiberius, XX below. 21.48. D. O. 148, MIB 199. 5.82 gms. 090. 657.99.

10 nummi. No obverse legend. Two facing busts; Constans with long beard. Facing busts of Heraclius and Tiberius, X below. 21.49. D. O. (149), MIB 203. 1.40 gms. 230. 390.91.

Sicily; 40 nummi. First coinage (642-643); 40 nummi. INPñR CONSt.

Bust facing wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding a globus cruciger.

m between A/N/A and N/ñ/O/S; SC| below. 21.50.* Officina letter illegible. MIB 204. 4.30 gms. 220. 18.83.

D. O. Class I (643-647). No obverse legend.

Bust facing, beardless, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. M, Heraclian monogram above. 21.51. D. O. 176, MIB 205. 5.02 gms. 170. 140.86.

D. O. Class 2 (647-650). No obverse legend.

Bust facing, with short beard, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. M, Heraclian monogram above. 21.52. D. O. 177a, MIB 206. 6.04 gms. 190. 141.86.

10

300

D. O. Class 3 (650-651). No obverse legend. Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. M, Heraclian monogram above, SCL below. 21.53. D. O. 178, MIB 207. 4.35 gms. 140. 142.86.

11

D. O. Class 4 (652-653). No obverse legend. Standing figure wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger; I/N/å to right, I/A to left.

M, Heraclian monogram above, SCL below. 21.54. Indictional year 11 (652/3). D. O. 179, MIB 208. 5.66 gms. 180. 471.95.

D. O. Class 5 (654-659). No obverse legend. Two standing figures; Constans, with a long beard, wears military uniform and holds long staff. M, Heraclian monogram above, SCL below.

21.55. D. O. 180, MIB 209. 4.97 gms. 170. 1325.07.

21.56. D. O. 180, MIB 209. 4.46 gms. 180. 675.00.

D. O. Class 6 (659-668). No obverse legend. Two standing figures; Constans, with a long beard, wears military uniform and holds a long cross.

M between figures of Heraclius and Tiberius each wearing chlamys and crown with cross; Heraclian monogram above, SCL below. 21.57. D. O. 181, MIB 210. 6.65 gms. 180. 402.92.

21.58. D. O. 181, MIB 210. 2.31 gms. 180. 1015.05.

301

Sicily; 20 nummi. D. O. Class 3 (651-652). No obverse legend. Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger; palm leaf in left field.

K in monogram form between A/N and I. 21.59.* Indictional year 10 (651/2). D. O. 183, MIB 212. 5.29 gms. 180. 2015.14.

12

21.60. Indictional year 10 (651/2). D. O. 183, MIB 212. 3.99 gms. 180. 847.02.

D. O. Class 6 (664-665). No obverse legend. Two busts facing each wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus crucigers; Constans with long beard.

K between +/A/N and N/O/å. 21.61. Indictional year 4 (660/61). D. O. 184, MIB 213. 2.28 gms. 150. 472.95.

21.62. Indictional year 4 (660/61). D. O. 184, MIB 213. 1.71 gms. 180. 665.00.

Sicily; 10 nummi. D. O. Class 3 (651-652). No obverse legend. Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with cross and chlamys; globus cruciger to left. I between A/N and N/O/I. 21.63. Indictional year 10 (651/2). D. O. 185, MIB 214. 2.47 gms. 170. 1410.08.

Rome; 20 nummi. D. O. Class 1 (645-646). [DNCO]VIT INSVICI (blundered). Bust facing, beardless, wearing crown with cross on circlet and chlamys and holding globus cruciger.

K, regnal year 5 (u; 645/6) to right, ROM below. 21.64. D. O. (193), MIB 218. 3.14 gms. 000. 2019.14.

D. O. Class 2 (646-650). No obverse legend. Bust facing, with short beard, wearing crown with cross on circlet and chlamys. XX, ROM below. 21.65. D. O. 194, MIB 217. 4.31 gms. 200. 274.89.

302

Rome; 10 nummi. D. O. Class 1 (641-647). No obverse legend. Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. X between I and M; star beneath. 21.66.* D. O. (198), MIB 223a. 1.63 gms. 330. 144.86.

13

Uncertain mint; countermarked follis. Schulze Class 4. 21.67.* D. O. 211, MIB Km. 1. Schulze Class 2b and Class 3 countermarks applied to the right field of the reverse of a year 20 Constantinople follis of Heraclius from the first officina (D. O. 105a); (11.22 gms). 184.87.

Addendum: Cast coins of an uncertain Egyptian mint (possibly Panopolis); (D. O. 142-143). Two busts facing, long cross between. A w or w A with long cross between, âAN (sometimes retrograde) below. 21.39a.* 2.11 gms. 000. 2098.16.

14

21.39b. 1.97 gms. 000. 2099.16.

21.39c. 1.08 gms. 2100.16.

REFERENCES AND GENERAL NOTES The ordering of the Constantinople folles of Constans II follows Grierson, Byzantine Coins (1982). Although published a year later than MIB volume 3, it does not take full account of the listing in the latter, omitting, notably, MIB 165. For consistency, the two specimens of MIB 165 (regnal year 3) are termed Class 2 ter. Hence, D. O. is both applied and omitted in relation to use of the term class. The placing of the facing bust year 3 follis with the denominational mark M (Class 2, bis; 21.8), given by D. O. to Heraclonas, remains something of a numismatic conundrum. There is no example of the large D. O. Class 4 follis (644-651) in the catalogue but a specimen was acquired early in 2016 (D. O. 64e - regnal year 5; officina ñ). 21.5. The date and officina letter are obscured but A/N/A N/ñ can be clearly made out. Judging by its size, the obverse die probably belongs to the late 630s. 21.13. MIB does not note the fifth officina. 21.16. MIB 170c: Christogram above M. 21.19-20. The date arrangement I/í stands for regnal year 19 (659/660). The officina letter on the first coin is probably a B, but this is not certain. On the second coin no such letter can be made out anywhere on the coin. The figures on the reverse are the Emperor’s three sons – Heraclius, Constantine and Tiberius. 21.21-22. The regnal date is again on the obverse with Heraclius and Tiberius shown on the reverse. 21.25. Constans is beardless. See the footnote to D. O. 91a – a coin which is unusually heavy (3.15 gms). This coin is heavier still (3.38 gms) but they

303

are stylistically dissimilar. The reading of officina å is not certain. It was possibly found on Cyprus. 21.25-28. On all these issues Constans holds a globus cruciger in his right hand but it is seldom clearly visible on the fractions. 21.29. Constans holds a long cross on base. The letter beneath the M is probably í rather than A. The attribution to Thessalonica (resting on the í which is clearer on some specimens) is uncertain; MIB gives the coin to Constantinople. 21.31-33. The form of both the crown and the device held in the Emperor’s right hand seem to vary but are not clear on these specimens. Both MIB and D. O. distinguish the types by the presence, or absence, of the two pellets on the reverse. Alexandria: pseudo-Imperial issues. Phillips, J. R., The Byzantine bronze coinage of Alexandria in the seventh century, Numismatic Chronicle seventh series, volume II (1962) pp. 225-241. Foss, C., Arab-Byzantine Coins. An Introduction with a Catalogue of the Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection Publications 12, 2008 (D. O.). 21.34. Probably a straightforward imitation of Constans II (MIB 190). 21.35. D. O. (Foss) gives to Fustat (Arabic - Masr). 21.36-38. See Foss (pp. 103-104) who notes the removal of Christian symbolism and advances an interesting explanation for the pseudo-mint signature. The coins may also have been struck at Fustat. 21.38. Circle above M. 21.39. Uncertain period – possibly as early as Phocas (602-610). 21.39a-c. An Ecclesiastical issue is also possible with A w having eschatological significance in view of the disquiet caused by the Arab victories. 21.43. MIB 196b – pellet above each X. 21.45. Almost certainly overstruck on a half follis of Class 2, see D. O. 144.1; although the overstriking has obscured the crown, this practice seems to be a particular feature of the trefoil on circlet type (D. O. Class 4a). 21.46. Cross on crown (D. O. Class 4b). 21.47. The mint mark is partly retrograde and blundered. 21.50. D. O. (9f) gives the coin to Heraclonas. This is no longer tenable but Grierson (1982) suggests that the coins may have been produced in Constantinople for use on Sicily. The officina letter, which follows the mint signature, is illegible in this case. 21.53. Overstruck on a Class 2 follis of Syracuse, probably cut-down.

21.59. For the Syracuse half folles and their dating by indiction, see Bendall, S., La datation des monnaies de bronze de Constant II à Syracuse, Bulletin de la Société Française de Numismatique (1975), pp. 834-5. 21.66. There is no obverse legend and the globus cruciger is quite clear. Thus the coin seems to be a variety of D. O. (198). But, as MIB makes clear, there are a number of varieties and this is of little significance. 21.67. See Schulze, W., Countermarking in Seventh Century Syria, Part I: Countermarking from before the Arab Conquest, Supplement to Oriental Numismatic Society Journal 183, which sets out the complex arguments about the origin of the two countermarks. Grierson (D. O.) doubts that the countermarks were applied post-641 while MIB attributes the Class 3 (fresher) countermark to Constans. Schulze prefers the first interpretation, suggesting that the double countermarking reflected the successive conquest of towns by the Arabs (and the resulting migration of small change). The second countermark might have been applied in Caesarea prior to its fall in 640.

1 Ex I. T. Roper collection. Bendall, S., A mid

seventh century hoard of Byzantine folles, Numismatic Circular, July/August 1967, pp. 198-200, no. 10 (plate coin). Sear, D., Byzantine Coins and their Values, no. 1000 (plate coin). 2 Baldwins, August 2005.

3 Bendall, S., A Turkish Hoard, Numismatic Circular

1967, no. 31 (this coin). 4 Baldwins, February 1989. Bendall, S., A mid

seventh century hoard (op. cit.). Also, Bendall, S., A new follis of Constans II, Numismatic Circular, November 1970, p. 448. 5 Baldwins, September 1989.

6 Baldwins, April 2002, ex J. R. Phillips collection

with his ticket stating – Presented by G. C. Haines, November 1959. 7 Baldwins, February 2002, ex J. R. Phillips

collection. 8 Baldwins, November 2002, ex J. R. Phillips

collection. 9 Baldwins, January 1988 (with their ticket), ex

Philip Grierson collection. 10

V. C. Vecchi sale number 12, October 1986, ex lot 963. 11

Sternberg, 16 November 1979, lot 147. V. C. Vecchi sale number 12, October 1986, ex lot 963. 12

Senatus Consulto Ancient Coins, March 2014. 13

V. C. Vecchi sale number 12, October 1986, ex lot 963. 14

This and the following two coins from Numismatik Naumann, February 2016.