A • 'A-CHUYEN PHIEM •••

21

~HERQUIZ

How much gas can be savedby driving at 55 MPH insteadof 65 MPH? 10 per cent

tot dogioi 'han

~10' r-I 4TRAN-SI-HUAN

Nam 1975,1;c toi m~i'den Sacramento thi lay ba~gI "'~" A ,., A. j..l A ,... Alai xe Ian dau tien d My, toi uu6c mot anh ban ke cho nghe cau

" .•..chuyen sau day :Mot sinh vien VN tinh c& d9C trong c~on Lu~t Luu-

Thbng (Vehicl~ code) thay dieu-khoAn 22350 d~i-kh~i noi ra~g"khong m~t ai dUoc lai xe tren xa-lo vdi t5c-do cao h6n t3c-dox~t ra hdp-li,tu~ theo thdi-ti~t,;o'lu6ng xe c5,tiTIh-trang matdu6~g,v.v •••va trong bat cu'trU6~g-h~p'nao cung khong ~rlocl~i

I #f/IO ,~ ". I -.. #ItI. ~, • _, .-vai mot toc-do co the gay nguy-hiem cho su an-toan cua ngdbiI· ~. - ,.. , '..." -khac •••", lay lam yen chi khi anh ta lai xe mien sac an-toan,

, -,. 'Ao"" ~ --,hop-ly thi thoi. Luc dau d trong city hoac county,du cho co" ..,I 'A' • OJ - '... 'bang cam toc-de gi~i-han 30 MPH hay 40 MPH,gap drlbngtrong,it

xe,anh chay 40'hoac 50'miles,qua mat xe cJnh:sat makhong biphat g1 c~. An qu~n be~ mau,m~t ho~ tr~n kho~ng auong r~ng'

• As';. ~ -'I' . ~.• ...- - - '.... .xa-lo 80,chi vai chiec xe -rong-ruoi,anh lien ta ta nhan gasr' II' _ ~ , ,.; -., '... "-len 60 roi 70 miles ma tien-tdi mac du thin~-thoang ben ve

~ •••• AroJI , '.. ~., ~ " , -- I - ••• '..auang van co may tam bang nhac-nhd 55 MPH,va •••cai gi phai den,"IV a/''' .. - fA " rA r... "uaen vdi anh ta. Nhin vao kien hau,thay chiec xe canh-sat xa,.. 1.' .• - I A. I ~ ._-10 voi uen bao hieu quay tit tren tran xe chay sau l~ng,anh

h5i-hoP dung xe l~i,"hai" mot ti~ng dang-hoa~g, roi dem clieu~ . ..' d- " , ","" .., 1 ,""!-luat 22350 ra cai.NgU i canh-sat van tinh bo ghi chep giay to

•••.: ,.,. J'O- ,. ,roi trao cho anh ta mot citation ve toi chay mau qua 55 MPH..• I ,.' •••. • ~ d' - ,..... ,Sau ao anh ta khong chiu nap phat va nhat inh ra Toa de cai

cho ba:~gci1i1c.Trtf6;T~a,a~h hu~g rto"lY-lU;~ ~c du t~c d9 gi6'ih~n la 55 MPH,nhung theo ciieu22350 cu~ lu~t luu-thong,hom do

, A.- - ,.."... 410'" •••anh lai xe 60 miles van an-toan,khong gay nguy-hiem cho ai ca,tai sac lai phat anh?. "

.----_.-------------------------------------------------------------

22, - ••- ••• ~ A. ••• #0 '-Quan toa tra loi rang:"ong biet mot ma khong bi~t hai,

"'" • 'A • ••••• , • A. ,..'1 - • _ong b.i et dLeu 22350,eo hleu-l'dc ke tu 9-20-63 goi la basic. . .- ~ 'o. -.' I ~ ,,-speed law,ma khong biet dieu 22348,eo hi~u-luc ke tU 1~1-74,goi la temporary maximum speed limit,ghi r~ ';khongai du6c l£i

• A ,."..,.. I ,. - •xe tren xa 10 vdi toc-d!?qua 55 miles mot gib".'A .,. -.,... I ~- • , __ A

Ket-qua,vi khong co tien ~~p ph~t,sinh vien do bi Toa keu,. ,..- , "1' '" ,.. ...,'.... .phat mot tuan quet rac 0 khuong vien Toa an va mot ngay di hoc

• ;. ,;" "'I ,.... •lai luat luu-thong d co quan cong-lo.• ',,, ,; "." • " ci ' • ci •.•"Trt3-treu thay,qua nam 1975,cung sinh-vieno lai 116c tuyen

chon VaG lam eho s~Kie~ Soat Xe Tu-~ng (DMV),sung·vao ban dichiJia , - • • •cuon Driver manual" giup cho ngticHVi~t ti-nan hoc thi lai xe v~-,.,. ",.. ".-lam thong-d~ch vien khi ean1

,. ••••• A A. -'" ~Nhan dip ke lai eau chuyen nay,toi xin ghi them" ••. ',.. ,. •.• • .,Ij.. , • , ,.. ,.. • , ,,-,mot vai dieu lien-he aen eac toe-do gidi han hau giup ban doc-- _ .... ~ ~ .. - ., A..' I •... • .,.:nao to-mo muon biet thi d~c ch~i,chU khong dam mua riu qua mat

th~,tu~ la ~y anh em d"trong nga~kTraffic (n~u e~).•• /II. .., ')'" ,.,- - __ •••___,. _That ra can-ban 'cuavan-de la lam sac de bao-dam an toan

xa-l~ d~~c chu;g nao hay ehU~~ Sy,vi trUbe ~am 1974,vbi tbc-d~gi~i han 70 miles mot gib:;o ngU6i ch~t ve-tai nan xe h6i tren

.... ., ,.,,, ..!.,." /4t. _. - ""'"toan nu6c My nam nao cung tren 10qOOO ngrloi,nhung td nam 1974,'I " ". '....."theo sau vu khung-hoang nang-lu6ng 1973,v6i dieu luat 22348,

A , ;.... - '.1' ,.~ ~ '" * -' -.hieu luc ke tu l-1-74,an-dinh toc-do toi da 55 miles mot gi6..- '.... ;.. A • 7 "....... '" ~ 'A· - --'thi so tai nan tren xa-lo giam thieu thay rO,cao nhat la nam,." ·"A r.. . - ~1978 cung chi den con so 50,145 ngJ6i ehet •

",. '/It. t\ ,. - ---Vay toe-do g101 han 55 MPH la gi ?. --..,:-.,.,.-" t". - ~ -...Can-eu tren dieu-kien cua mot tai-xe binh thu6~g

(natural driver behaviour)tuc la'·mot tai·x'eco the"'tuy cb llngbi~n,lam ch~ dd6c t~c-dp eu~ xe,va ~an-ci tren tinh-tr~ng luu, .",,' ,.thtng tudng-doi tot,toc-dO gi6i han tuyet doi (absolute limit)

,., 'A. •••.• ;.,.:., -'.-- A 'chung cho toan quoc la 55 Miles mot gio. ~o la toc-do gi6i hantti da tam th6i theo luat dinh • N~u ban lai xe qu~ 55 MPH t~en. '.

14 •••. _. '... ".: CoI - Ixa 10 hoac trong duong pho bi canh-sat bat gap la bi phat caiehte;ra Toa khbn~ eo ch'Oic~i gihet. (The n~o elrng·cob~n,~!?e~~n day,khong khoi c~;i tham trong b~ng vi thu6ng b~n lai den

, " ,.,. - f'J ••••'l _,60, 70 MPH co sac aau. Vang,khong sac thi cung chang sao,nhung'.... '1.. Co II h 't· , 1 ('I h .t t· h· h t ~ t "l.neu rul gap can sa ,xln rang an Cl a lon e lU p a va ra

,.. ,._. '1 ." _, ,," ••them tien bao-hiem xe ky t6i .•. ma thoi.)

23__ '"" It. , _ , "'V ~ It.2- Ngoai toc-dq gi&i han 55 MPH,con co nhung toc-do, . " .gibi h~n khac nhu 40 MPH,25 MPH,15 MFH ••• g~i latoc-do gi6i

han u6c-dinh (Prima facie speed limit). U6c-dinh vi ca~ ba~g. ,. ,. .. .gidi han t~c do nay cam d mot doan duong nao do khong lam sac

It· ••.,." , . ' , - , ".-,,,.. .phan anh dung duqc cac tinh-tr~ng Jchac nhau ve luu thong,veth6i-ti~t v.v •••vao nhu;g th~i khac kha~ nhau. Vi'du o'ga;-trd6ng hoc,thu6ng co cim ba~g 25 MPH (hinh 1).T5c dG nay apdung vao'nhU~ gid-cd hoc tro-d~n tru'oIighoac tan t~bng thidU~g,nhung ngoa L cac gi6 -do'ra thi khSng dti~gm!;. b~trti6ng,s.... _ , A. •• , A _,"h9P/nay,b~n co the lai xe nhanh len 30 MPH va neu canh satbien phat thi-ban hay vien dieu 22351 V8 speed law violation

." ~ • ., - C" '...,., 4-de khieu nai trddc Tea,can crlvaG dieu 22350 ve basic speed, . ., .•.limit noi d tren.a/ TUY nhi~n theo die~ 22352,co hai trrtong..' - ~ ..'ve prima facie speed limit ma b~n khong the vU9t

qua,ao la- :/ - 'Z- tai cac dU6ng nho hep (alley)

nga trlkh~ng thay ro (biind intersec-tion),duong xe lu~ bang ngang kh~ngth~y r~ (blind railroad crossing),

I,. A.' ~ _toc-d9 gioi h~n toi da la 15 MFH.- tai cac khu dan cu va thu6ng mai

d~ng ~uc,t~c-d~ gi6i han la 25 MPH~. .

,

v Ahdp dac-biet

C.s-C-R:{YQ-WSPEEDLI M\l

25WH"EN

CHILDRENARE PRESEN,

e

I I ';0. ,~ , ,

( HINH 1 ) b/ Cach th~C a~ d+~ to:-a~kgi6i h~n ~6C-ainh. ~ay la diem ky-thuat then chot

I\'? I _ • / • "', . •.. Ide tra lbi trrtbcToa trong cac ~ tal.n~n ve luu thong I:lua'II .-10" ' ~ /",.. oj. .J.-" ') '- -r I I 0 "toc u u6c-uinh. Vi du 0 mot uia-aiem nao uo co cam bang 40 MPH_ I', to.·...· "... " 1.,va ban lai xe vai toc ao 45 MPH. Neu khong xay ra tai nan thi

" • 7 I' '" ,,1 ~ ~ ,. ~khong can chi,canh sat khong the phat ban uu6c theo uieu 22351. I.. ? -" • 'L • .,..... " 1-nhung n~u xay ra tai nan thi luat su cua ban se dat cau hoi:Chi~h quye~ (State,co~nty hay City) can-c~'vao d~u ma c~m bIng

- v ~ fA. " 1. - I40MPH thay vi 35 MPH hoac 45 MPH? Neu khong tra 10i aU9c,chinh/I' ' ••' -' ]' t AJquyen phai boi thu6ng. Thee luat cua Tieu-Bang Ca~ifornia thi( .(.- ~ I' I • I '" J I" .:\•.. I ) ..,/chinh quyen ui~ phuong du~c phep an-d~nh cac toc-u9 0 giua hai

, - 1/ _) ,,. , I- A A- ,.. 1gidi han 55 MPH va 25 MPH,can-cu tren cac cuoc uieu-nghien luu,... -,." .thong t~i tung dia diem.

• /I ~ ,,- A.. 11.'- I A "-V1ee aieu-nghien gom eo ba phan :',,~ ,,- 'd. - IKiem-ke tinh trang u6ng sa•

••• ., A • A. '" A I,- Kiem-ke tai n~n luu thong trong ba nam lien tiep." I,. 3-/1 ~ •• - - c..-- Ghi nhan toe-ao xe eo l~u thong binh thlibngbang

vao nhung'gi3-aon~ xe n~~t trong ngay dem,(Hirih2).,," 1. - r I' \. ",De khoi lam nhu~ dau ban dge,toi -

" d. ,,- I,,' - "....khong i sau vao ehi tiet tung phan- 'r ~, !" ~" 'ma chi noi qua ve toe ao tOi han 85%

(critical speed 85th pe~eentil~),dOmay radar ghi nhan. ~o la t~e d~ bang

v "A 1\ .., 1 ' 'A.hoae dudi toe do thu 85 eua 100 chaec xe" A } ,- - Iluu thong trong khoang thoi gian nao'ao

vol t~e do khae nhau hoae'bang nhau. - , ~

(sau khi trd 15 ehiee eh~y nhanh henh~t).Xin xem so-do'3 dudi day thf r~.

" fA. -jo ~I\ rKinh nghiem eho thay toe-ao thtl85%la mot t6~ d~ gah au~g vdi't~e do an-

••• # - • , '" •toan va hop ly nhat.

- '" vTrong ky khan hiem xang- I,.. A. 'vda qua,toe ao gioi han

55 MPH lai dude nh~e rita'I !·,..7·"toi vOi khau hieu:.

55 MPH = save(life+fuel), ,vi lai xe voi toe do duoi- . •....55 MPH thay vi 65 MPH,khon~nhlingdUOe an toan sinh m~nh-ma eon ti~t ki~m dude lO%'gas

/ICong

Imay radar

(HINH 2)A'..... ',.~heo sd-do hinh 3,neu

~ ~ / -dinh toe do gidi han la45 MPH tht se hop thu~ ho~'A· Ieho 8% so xe eh~y nhanh cothe"~y tai nan,d~ng Ie' bi

2' •

ph~t'1u?e khoi b~ ph~t ~- "-t- 'A.:I " .1.con neu a~nh toe a~ giui

han la 3~ MPH se lam eho• ',. j f ,21% so xe eh~y aung tro

thanh eh~y nhanh va b~ ph~toan.

24

VEHICLE SPEED DATA SHEET:'''''E _ _

- '.'E. TO _

c JC '" ,

t- ' '

,----+--t--r4'

'018 ' I

, I I I, I

(HfNH 3)

T.S.H.