20/20 TDR With TDR PC Vision Operator Training - Telco TM Version – July 2009.
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Transcript of 20/20 TDR With TDR PC Vision Operator Training - Telco TM Version – July 2009.
Training SubjectsSection Title Slide #Introduction, Power and the CD-ROM 2 - 6 Powering ON & Menus 7 - 15How TDRs work 16 - 21Step TDR reflections 22 - 27Keypad & Measurement Screen Actions 28 - 31Premise application on Twisted Pair Cable 32 - 41OSP Applications – Dribble-Up, Splices & Wet Cable 42 - 46Advanced Features (optional) 47 - 52Saving Traces and TDR PC Vision (optional) 53 - 67Cleaning, Maintenance, Warranty & Tech Support 68 - 69Q & A and Acknowledgements 70
1
Quarter VGA backlit LCD
Ruggedized weather resistant keypadwith high tactile feel for use with gloves
Solid ABS plastic case
F connector or Network units with an RJ-45 and F connectors
3
Battery Installation
CAUTIONNO mixing cells
Same Type & mAhr
BATTERY MENU
Select Alkaline or NiMH/NiCd andenter rated mAhrs
F2
4
AC or DC Power and Recharging
12.5 VDC @ 500 mAVehicle running is preferredDC power permits operationOR recharging, but not both
100-240 VAC 50/60 HzAC power permits operation AND Recharging
(Included withRechargeableTDRs)
5
CD-ROMCD DirectoryTDR PC VisionTM - - - - - - - - - MS Windows software loadable
to any number of PCsTDR Application Notes - - - - - 20+ Details Notes on TDR uses
Operation ManualQuick Start Guide Electronic Copies
Training PPT - - - - - - - - - - - - General/Broadcast
CATV TechnicianTelephone Technician
www.aeatechnology.com6
Powering ON
Powering ON with Soft Reset
Pressing ON starts the unit, performs a self-checkand restores the last used settings
Press ON and then quickly pressing ENTER 4 – 5 timesperforms a soft reset and restoresfactory default settings
7
HIGH VOLTAGE DETECTEDTry pressing ENTER 1 or 2 times to see if the detection clears
If it will not clear, there is more than 100 VDC or 0.5VAC on the line being tested. Use precautions to remove the TDR and remove or reduce the voltage prior to retesting.
The 20/20 TDR is protected to 300VAC and 300VDC
8
F-Keys Menu, Channel Guide & ESC
Backspace KeyWhen in an numeric entry screen, F1 erases the last characterentered and jumps back one space
Escape KeyWhen in Menus F2 – F5Press to escape back to theMeasurement Screen
F2 UNIT SETTINGS: BACKLIGHT, CONTRAST AUDIO, BATT SAVER, BAUD, SELF TEST
F3 DATA DISPLAY: SCALES, GRIDS, UNITS OHMS/SWR/DB, SCREEN FROMAT
F4 UTILITIES: FAULT/INTERMITTENT FIND FILTERS, MEM SAVE/RECALL, CH SEL F5 CABLES: VIEW, CATALOGS, SELECT, EDIT CABLE SAMPLER, TEST LEAD CALIBRATION
First press
RJ45 TP- TKN CH TEL 568A 568B USOC 10BT PMD RING A R/B PR1 PR1 PR1 RX B G/B PR2 PR3 PR2 RX TX C PR3 PR2 PR4 TX RX D PR4 PR4 PR3 TXAB RG 12 13 12 TRAC 13 12 14AD 14 14 13BC 23 23 24 TRBD 24 34 23CD 34 24 34 TR
Second pressIf using a Network TDR
F1
9
Function Key Item & Selection Navigation 5
5
1
0
SCALE
BACKLIGHT TIMER :OFFBRIGHTNESS :8CONTRAST :8 AUDIO VOLUME :0………..
89ZO
MO
67ST
PE
45CR
R1
S
23CR
R2
S
102050
Any arrow key will move the selection left/right orIncrease/decrease numbersfor the menu item marked
10
Key – Unit SettingsBACKLIGHT TIMER :OFF {10, 20, 50 sweeps & continuous}BRIGHTNESS :8 {range 0 to 10}CONTRAST :8 {range 1 to 15} up for colder tempsAUDIO VOLUME :0 {range 0 to 3}AUDIO MODE :OFF, KEY BEEP, CONTINUOUSBAUD RATE :57600 {range 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800}BATTERY SAVER :OFF, ONSELF TEST :OFF {test list & keypad checker}
BATTERY MENU :
Internal re-chargeable TDRs have a sub-menu
F2
11
Key – Unit Settings
BATTERY MENU :
BATTERY SAVER : ON, OFF BATTERY TYPE : NICD NIMH, ALKALINE BATT CAPACITY : 2000 MAHR {400 – 5300 mAhr} EST. RUN TIME : > 7.0 HRS {Max to 0.0 hrs} BATTERY STATUS : 10.7V -220MA BATTERY TEMP : TEMPERATURE OK {HOT, COLD} CHARGER STATUS: IDLE {BATT CHK, PRE CHRG,
CHARGING, TRICKLE}
F2
12
Key – Data Display Options
V SCALE : 100 {range 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000}H SPAN : 20 {range 20 to 10,000}PLOT START : 0 {range 0 to 2,500}UNITS : FEET, METERSGRID LINES : 0 {range 0 to 4}BIG NUMBERS : OFF, ONPLOT TYPE : Z OMHS, SWR, RTN AMPL DB
Rechargeable TDRs are Z OHMS only
F3
13
Key – Special Functions
MEMORY ACTION : ◄► TO SAVE/RECALLNOISE FILTER : 0 {range 0 to 4}AVERAGING FLTR : 0 {range 0 to 7}VIDEO FILTER : 0 {range 0 to 4}INTRMTENT GRAB: OFF, ONFAULT FINDER : OFF, ONSTEP OR PULSE : STEP, PULSEINPUT CHANNEL : INPUT COAX, RJ45 CHs A, B, C, D,
AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD
Rechargeable TDRs have only STEP mode display
F4
14
Key - Cable Operations
AEA CABLE LIST {Cables listed by MFG, P/N, Type & Zo}VIEW USER LIST {56 User Defined Cables}EDIT USER LIST {Define or Alter a Cables Details & Store}TEST LEAD CAL {Removes the test lead from the plot}SAMPLE A CABLE {Find a Cable’s Velocity Factor}CURRENT CABLE:GENERIC PIC24AWG------------Z100 VF66.7
F5
15
Cable Velocity and DistanceVelocity is designed in a cable at the time of its manufacture
Velocity is expressed as a fraction of the speed of light
Example: .66c
Time 2
X Velocity = Distance
20 n Sec 2
X .66c (648,172,800ft/sec) = 64.8 feet
VF or
VPBeware of VF Uncertainty
VoP or
NVP
17
Cable Impedance (Z) and ReflectionsImpedance is a factor of both the conductor and the dielectric of the insulation between the conductor & shield or twisted pairs
Any deviation from the manufactured Z will cause reflections
OpenZo=75 or 100
Z = ∞Ω Open
Z = 0
Zo=75 or 100Short
Short
19
Example Step TDR Reflections
Good Splice
Poor Splice
Mixed Impedances Bridged Tap
Water Split Pair ThatResplits
Pinched Coax
Poor QualityCoax
12
910
13
What a “Pulse TDR” Cannot See
22
20/20 Step TDR DisplayTDR Trace
Cursor 1
Horizontal Spanor H-Span(Feet or Meters)
0 20 40
100
87.5
75
62.5
50
CRSR1 19ft 10in 78.4 to 78.6Ω
COMMSCOPE Drop F6 VF 85.0
Vertical Scaleor V-Scale
(Z)
Velocity FactorCable Type
Cursor Information
23
Open Cable or Pair Shorted Cable or Pair
Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces
Opens and shorts send the trace to maximum or zero Ohms respectively. Unlike a pulse TDR, there is no trace after these events
24
Bad Connector on RG-59 Mixed Z, 75 then 50 Ohm
Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces
Both events will cause unwanted signal reflections. The 50 Ohm cable will add extra signal attenuation
25
Example 20/20 “Step” TDR TracesGood Splice Poor Splice
These splices are in 100 Ohm twisted pair cable, but will appear similar in coaxial cable
26
Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces
Wet Cable Split and Resplit
Wet cable always show an erratic downward excursion on the trace.
Splits and resplits are commonin home wiring where the ownerdidn’t understand the importanceof pairing
27
0 20 40
125
112
100
87
75
CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
0 40 80
125
112
100
87
75
CRSR1 39ft 8in 100.5 to 100.7
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
Zoom Key
0 80 160
125
112
100
87
75
CRSR1 79ft 6in 100.4 to 100.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
89ZO
MO
89ZO
MO
28
0 20 40
125
112
100
87
75
CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
20 40 60
125
112
100
87
75
CRSR1 39ft 8in 100.5 to 100.7
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
Step Key
40
80
125
112
100
87
75
CRSR1 59ft 6in 85.1 to 86.4
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
60
67ST
PE
67ST
PE
29
Scale Key
0 20 40
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
0 20 40
500
375
250
125
0
CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
5
5
1
0
SCALE
30
Remaining Keypad Keys
Power OFFSaves AllSettings
OFF
ON
Enter savesmenu changes& returns toMeasurementDisplay, CursorHide/Unhide key
NE
T
RE
Cursor Keys activate,move & de-activate either cursor
45CR
R1
S
23CR
R2
S
Exam/Plot freezes or Un-freezes the activeplot EXAM
PLOT
31
Transition from the Theoretical to the Practical
How can a TDR help you get a clear TV picture,a quality phone call or a fast internet connection
32
Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
Typical Telco Loop Wiring NID
Telco USOC Wiring Scheme for Homesand Small Businesses
1 – T4 White/Brown2 – T3 White/Green3 – T2 White/Orange4 – R1 Blue5 – T1 White/Blue6 – R2 Orange7 – R3 Green8 – R4 Brown
RJ45 WiredUSOC
1 – T3 not connected2 – T2 Black3 – R1 Red4 – T1 Green5 – R2 YellowYellow6 – R3 not connected
RJ12 WiredUSOC
1 – T2 Black2 – R1 Red3 – T1 Green4 – R2 YellowYellow
RJ11 WiredUSOC
1 – T3 White/Green2 – T2 White/Orange3 – R1 Blue4 – T1 White/Blue5 – R2 OrangeOrange6 – R3 Green
RJ12 WiredUSOC
33
NID
Kitchen
Living Room
Bedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
Typical Star or Home Run Wiring
TIA 568B for Business Wiring or TIA 570B for Residential Wiring
66 Block or110 Block orConnectionBox
1 – T3 White/Green2 – T3 Green3 – T2 White/Orange4 – R1 Blue5 – T1 White/Blue6 – R2 Orange7 – R4 White/Brown8 – R4 Brown
RJ45 WiredT-568A
1 – T3 White/Orange2 – T3 Orange3 – T2 White/Green4 – R1 Blue5 – T1 White/Blue6 – R2 Green7 – R4 White/Brown8 – R4 Brown
RJ45 WiredT-568B
34
AEA Technology Reduced All Wiring Schemes to Coax & 4 Channels
99.9% of all phone lines will be on TDR’s Channel A
The 20/20 TDR menu simplifies looking at any single pairor the difference between any two pairs
The 20/20 TDR in impedance independent and can test bothcoax and twisted pair cables with the same TDR
The 20/20 TDR has a customized cable list for Telco techsthat covers OSP PIC & GEL cables, Premise coax and IW
for Cat 2 through Cat 6
35
0 160 320
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 291ft 10in 101.4 to 101.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
0 160 320
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 291ft 10in 101.4 to 101.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
Shorting Plug
Three Step Check1. Unplug all
phones2. Connect the
TDR at NID3. Locate end
jack using ashorting plug
Open and shortat end jack indicates a good pair run. Test canbe repeated for all pairs.
Results NID
36
0 160 320
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 155ft 3in 101.4 to 101.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
0 160 320
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 155ft 3in 101.4 to 101.6
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
Three Step Check1. Unplug all
phones2. Connect the
TDR at NID3. Locate last
visible jack using a shorting
plugFault is a brokenwire after the jackconnection inBedroom 1’s jack
Results
Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
NID
Shorting Plug
Shorting Plug
Shorting Plug
37
Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3Kitchen
Living RoomBedroom 1
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
NID
0 160 320
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 174ft 7in 101.5 to 101.8
GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7
Three Step Check1. Unplug all
phones2. Connect the
TDR at NID3. Note short at
Bedroom 2with no shortingplug.
Look for bent pinsor shorted wiresinside the jack
Results
38
Premise Coax – RG-59 and RG-6
1. Both types are 75 Ohm coaxial
2. Impedance changes, 1- 5 Ohms, are common at connections
3. View through splitters is distorted
4. If cable appears to go on forever look for a cable box or TV attached at the other end
39
CATV Network Devices and Impedance Mismatches
0 128 256
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 142ft 10in 88.5 to 89.0
COMSCOPE RG-6 VF 88.0
Network Device(Splitter or amplifier)
0 64 128
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 64ft 0in 86.3 to 86.7
COMMSCOPE RG-6 VF 88.0
CRSR2 61ft 7in 80.5 to 80.8 CRSR 3ft 5in 5.8 to 5.9
Impedance Mismatch &Lossy Cable Section
40
Premise Advantage of a TDR? Quickly locate the distance to a fault and see type of fault
Stop rewiring premise twisted pairs when a simple 5 minutefix will clear the trouble
95% of all premise telco wiring problems are in the jacks
1. Customer pulled out jack and broke a wire
2. Customer rewired jack and disrupted service
3. Bent or broken pins
4. Cat marked territory and corroded jack pins
41
OSP Testing and Fault LocatingRange Maximums: velocity dependent – 6,600 ft @ .66c
8,800 ft @ .88cMeasure Cable’s Impedance (Z) & Resistance (Ω) via “Dribble Up”
Use Noise, Averaging or Video Filters to clear the trace
Locates Distance and Impedance effects for:
Poor Splices Bad Connections
Cable Kinks Cable Damage
Water Network Devices
Impedance Mismatches Lossy Cable
42
What is “Dribble-Up” Dribble up is the resistance of the pair. Loop resistance for twisted pair and center conductor resistance for coax.
Step TDR’s add the resistance to the Zo of the conductors.
As the conductors get longer more slope appears.
43
What can Dribble-Up tell me?You can read the resistance gain over length to see if a cable meets factory specification
You can see series resistive faults and measure their resistance
You can determine cable gauge and see gauge changes
0 64 128
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 64ft 0in 86.3 to 86.7
VF 88.0
CRSR2 61ft 7in 80.5 to 80.8 CRSR 3ft 5in 5.8 to 5.9
If this is twistedpair it jumps from19 or 22 gaugeto 24 or 26 gaugeacross a seriesresistive splice
If this is coax thesecond section isvery lossy coaxacross a seriesresistive splice
44
Poor Splice or Bad Connection
0 1280 2560
CRSR 1096ft
VF 67.0GENERIC 24 AWG
Pulse TDR
0 1280 2560
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 1157ft 0in 156.9 to 157.6
GENERIC 24 AWG VF 67.0
CRSR2 1096ft 0in 145.8 to 146.1 CRSR 61ft 0in 11.1 to 11.5
20/20 “Step” TDR
Step TDR’s Advantages1. Series resistive fault with over 11 Ohms of loss in one spot.2. Both cable sections exhibit normal resistive loss as evidenced by
the “Dribble Up”
45
Water in OSP Cabling
0 640 1280
200
150
100
50
0
CRSR1 599ft 7in 120.4 to 120.6
GENERIC 24 AWG VF 67.0Water Rules1. Reduces the resistance ofthe dielectric or insulation -Hence reduces cable’s Z.2. Reduces velocity to anunknown – Hence distances ina water slug or after the slug areNOT valid.
1374 ft
599 ft 311 ft464 ft water
46
20/20 TDR’s Advanced FeaturesDifferential Mode ------------ Compares one twisted pair to another
twisted pair and shows any differences
Intermittent Grabber --------- Permits looking for a short or openand moving the cable or connectorsto find an intermittent fault
Fault Finder ------------------- Set upper and lower impedance limits,the TDR will jump the cursor to thefirst point exceeding the limit.
SWR Mode ------------------ Provides calculated Standing Wave Ratio of the cable along it’s length
Return Amplitude ---------- Provides calculated Return Amplitudein dB for mismatch events
47Jump Forward to Memory Actions
Using Differential Mode1. Measure a single pair in a cable and and note the events2. Connect the telco test leads’ Green/Black pair or use an RJ45
plug input for access to another of the four pairs3. Press and select INPUT CHANNELF4
5
4. Press any key as required to select RJ45 AΔB for telco leads difference or any other RJ45 xΔx as desired, see QRG table
5. Press ENTER
48
Intermittent Grabber Mode1. Connect the cable with the suspect intermittent fault and full trace
3. Hand-over-hand move along the cable flexing and moving sections and connection points to induce the fault
2. Press select INTRMTENT GRAB and press any key to turn ON
F4
5
NOTE: If the entire trace goes erratic, change the termination and try again. Fault must be same as termination
49
Fault Finder Mode1. Connect the cable and set the full trace on the display
2. Press and select FAULT FINDER then press F4
5
3. Press to select AUTO FAULT: ON 4. Press to select MINIMUM OHMS, then MAXIMUM
OHMS and enter the limits for each when prompted5. Press ENTER to return Measurement Screen and CURSOR 1 will jump to the first minimum or maximum detected
AUTO FAULT LOCATION UP/DOWN MOVES CURSOR, F1=ESCAPE LEFT/RIGHT CHANGES SETTING ENTER RESUMES NORMAL OPERATION
->AUTO FAULT : OFF MINIMUM OHMS : 64 MAXIMUM OHMS : 86
150
100
75
50
0
64
86
50
SWR Mode1. Press then select PLOT TYPE and press F3
5
2. Press again to change from Z OHMS to SWR
3. Press ENTER
Note the changed vertical scale and cursor readouts for SWR
51
Return Amplitude Mode1. Press then select PLOT TYPE and press F3
5
2. Press again to change from SWR to RTN AMPL DB
3. Press ENTER
Note the changed vertical scale and cursor readouts are now in dB
52
Saving and Recalling Traces
Key – Special Functions
MEMORY ACTION : ◄► TO SAVE/RECALL
SAVE INST ONLY [Saves all the instrument set ups]RECALL INSTSAVE SCREEN [Saves trace - 250 data points]RECALL SCREENSAVE DETAILED [Saves trace – 2500 data points RECALL DETAILED best for trace over 3K feet]
F4
53
F5F4F3F2F1
ABCDE FGHIJ KLMNO PQRST UVWXY
F5F4F3F2F1
A B C D E
•Letters enter in 2 steps, select group first then single letter
•Numbers enter directly from the keypad
EXAMPLOT Z space delete - .
Name Saved Trace
54
TDR PC VisionTM Software TDR PC Vision is included with every TDR at no extra charge Operates on MS Windows® platforms Permits upload, archive and export of TDR plots in multiple formats Down load instrument settings from PC-to-TDR Applications include:
1. Email plots to tech expert or supervisor for assistance
2 Provide plots from field technicians to engineering to clarify plant issues
3. Develop a database of installations “As-Builts” for laterreference
4. Transfer plots to training to show new technicians
55 Jump forward to Maintenance
Getting Started with TDR PC Vision1. Open the TDR PC Vision folder on the CD-ROM
2. Double-click on the “Setup.exe” file to start the installation andfollow the MS Windows prompts until installation is complete
3. Connect the 20/20 TDR to the PC serial port using the enclosedcable
4. Turn ON the TDR and wait for the Measurement Screen
5. Click on the TDR PC Vision icon on your desktop
6. TDR PC Vision will open, search the COM Ports and establishcommunications with the TDR
56
Correcting Communications Errors
Before pressing “Retry” check the following:1. Serial cable is connected at both the PC and TDR2. TDR is on and at the Measurement Screen
(Menu Screens inhibit communications)
Press “Ignore” to work with archived plots on the PC only
58
TDR PC Vision Options Window
Auto IncrementON – Increments the memoryslot by 1 with each uploadOFF – Manually entering a memory slot For each upload
Read ButtonsRead the selectedmemory slot anddisplay a graph ofthe plot
Archived PlotsThese are plots already saved on the PC. Thisbutton will appear active even if the TDR isnot connected or on.
59
Cursors DataCursor Data corresponds to the color cursor on the graph. Cursor control is by using the slide bararrows or direct mouse pointer onthe cursor line. The DELTA reading is the difference betweenthe two cursors.
The PlotThe trace shows both a good and poor splice. The poor splice at the Red cursor has excessive reflection and the trace exiting is higherThan the trace entering the splice indicating a series resistive fault.
60 Return to Last Slide
File Menu ItemsOpens browser to locate desired Save folder,in an Archived Plot to locate the .AEA file.NOTE: Windows will save only the lastOpened or uploaded plot, even if you try toSave a prior opened plot.
61
Edit and View Menus
Saves Chart Axis setting For all new plot imports
Copies graph to Clipboard for pasting in any MSWindows application
62
Chart Plot Menu
Displays only Impedance (Z) Readings
Displays only Distance Readings
Displays both Impedance (Z) & Distance
Mouse Pointer displays Plot Point Values
65
Use to select aCOM port,BAUD rate,lock in 1 portor select USB-to-Serial con-verter. Thiswindow may also appear with aTDR com failure .
Press “ConnectPort/Poll TDR”To retry connection.A green statusIndicates goodCommunications.“Save Port Settings”speeds connectionwhen opening TDRPC Vision.
66
Cleaning Your 20/20 TDR1. Always spray cleaners and rinse water on a soft cloth, do NOT
spray directly on the TDR
Soft CasesThe soft case should be cleaned the same as the instrument. Usea soft bush to remove tough dirt. Do NOT immerse in water or dryin a dryer. Wash and Dry separately, both instrument and case shouldbe dry before enclosing the instrument in the case.
2. Typical Grime – Use a mild non-abrasive detergent like 409® in water or glass cleaner (non-ammonia) and rinse water to clean3. Cable Gel – User liquid “citrus” cleaner to remove4. Tar, creosote or adhesives – Use WD40® followed with mild
detergent and water
68
Maintenance, Service and WarrantyOperating Manual, Section 5, Maintenance, Service and Warranty.
Warranty – One year against material & workmanship defects
Questions, By all means – Contact us:
AEA Technology, Inc.5933 Sea Lion Place, Ste 101Carlsbad, CA 92010Tel: 800-258-7805 or +1-760-931-8979Fax: +1-760-931-8969
www.aeatechnology.co
m
Application Notes
Operating Manuals
TDR PC Vision
Data Sheets
See “User Troubleshooting Guide”
69