September 8, 2020 VOLUME 29, No. 25 (corrected) Geneva, NY

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IN THIS ISSUE...INSECTS v Degree Day corrections v Summary of 2020 Pest Events v 2020 Insect trap catch summaryGENERAL INFO v Scaffolds Sign-off & Index of Scaffolds Volume 29, 2020

UPCOMING PEST EVENTSINSECT TRAP CATCHES

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scaffoldsF R U I T J O U R N A L

Update on Pest Managementand Crop Development

torical field observations (for 1st catch, peak catch, etc.) that were made over

the past 40 years using 43°F as the base; this may have been started by someone who didn’t know that the base temp should be 45°F. For the sake of consistency, we continued

with this practice when we started to track its field occurrence, which

was before there was a NEWA develop-mental model available, and it wasn’t possible (or maybe practical) to go back to find the ob-servation-vs.-temperature records for all those years and convert them to base 45°F values. The DD management comments provided in the Tree Fruit Pest Management Guidelines are accurate for base 45°F accumulations, so growers who have obtained current temperature data and calculated the accumulated total using that base would have been in conformance with the currently accepted developmental stages for OFM. However, the decision points given in the "Pest Stage" and "Pest Status" windows

ERRATUM: DEGREE DAY DEBACLE(Art Agnello,Entomology,Geneva; ama4@cornell.

edu)

vv One of the focal points of this newsletter has been an effort to associate pest and phenological events with accumulated heat units, aka Degree Days, in an attempt to draw comparisons between the current and previous years, for whatever value this may have in tracking the seasonal progression of events (one of my longtime penchants). Readers have always been very attentive in pointing out when we have messed up and committed some error in our calculations, which is easy to do when wrangling large da-tabases and neglecting to step back from time to time to be sure everything makes sense; I am of course always grateful for these nudg-es back to logical accountability.

A specific area that has long been in need of attention relates to the Oriental Fruit Moth, one of the key pests for which we have tra-ditionally provided developmental degree day benchmarks throughout the season. The problem is that the 43°F temperature base we have used to mark OFM's progress, both in "Scaffolds" and in the NEWA Apple Insect Models, doesn't correspond to this insect's actual developmental base, which is 45°F. The reason for this is because the accumulat-ed DD total is compared to a database of his-

ALLABOUTTHATBASE

I N S E C T S

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scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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scaffoldsis published weekly from March to September by Cornell University—Cornell AgriTech at the NYS Agricultural Ex-periment Station (Geneva) and Ithaca—with the assistance of Cornell Cooperative Extension. New York field reports welcomed. Send submissions by 2 pm Monday to:

43°F 45°F 50°FCurrent DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-3/23): 72.3 55.0 26.0 (Geneva 1/1-3/23/2019): 32.1 23.0 8.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 59.5 45.8 22.3

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-3/30): 91.4 69.7 33.6 (Geneva 1/1-3/30/2019): 40.0 28.2 9.4 (Geneva "Normal"): 70.5 54.0 26.2

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-4/6): 103.1 77.0 35.1 (Geneva 1/1-4/6/2019): 52.3 38.1 15.1 (Geneva "Normal"): 94.7 73.4 37.3

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-4/13): 129.1 97.0 44.1 (Geneva 1/1-4/13/2019): 96.5 74.5 36.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 127.7 100.6 53.3

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-4/20): 142.5 107.5 49.6 (Geneva 1/1-4/20/2019): 146.7 116.8 61.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 177.7 142.8 79.8 continued...

on the NEWA Results page were set according to the values (erroneously) determined using a 43°F base over many years, which tended to anticipate the actual biological events by about 10-20%. Fortunately, this will all soon be corrected, as the NEWA website is in the process of a major upgrade, which will include a revamping of all the insect prediction mod-els. Thanks to the efforts of Julie Carroll, who has been working with me during some of the down-time work periods of the past months, we have been able to generate a new database of base 45°F DD values that goes back 15 years, which is suitable for a new (and more accurate) predictive OFM model.

The Coming Events section of "Scaffolds" began including 45°F DD values in early May, as we made progress in constructing the new database. Unfortunately, a copy-and-paste error I made in transferring some DD values between files resulted in inaccurate entries for the "Geneva 2019" and "Geneva Normal" val-ues in this year's issues of "Scaffolds" (yes, all of them). I sincerely apologize for this error, which inflated the differences between this sea-son's DD accumulations and those of previous years; we have in fact been ahead of our normal numbers this season, but not THAT much. To compensate at least somewhat for this error, the correct values are given below:

scaffolds FRUIT JOURNAL Dept. of Entomology Cornell AgriTech at NYSAES 15 Castle Creek Dr. Geneva, NY 14456-1371 Phone: 315-787-2341 FAX: 315-787-2326 E-mail: ama4@cornell.edu Editor: Art Agnello

This newsletter available online at: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/

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43°F 45°F 50°F

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-4/27): 152.8 114.2 51.9 (Geneva 1/1-4/27/2019): 194.3 155.7 82.7 (Geneva "Normal"): 230.0 186.8 107.0

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-5/4): 218.4 168.6 83.7 (Geneva 1/1-5/4/2019): 223.3 177.6 93.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 295.5 245.9 143.0

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-5/11): 232.7 178.4 86.5 (Geneva 1/1-5/11/2019): 287.0 229.7 122.8 (Geneva "Normal"): 381.4 320.4 192.9

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-5/18): 291.0 227.9 118.0 (Geneva 1/1-5/18/2019): 330.7 265.5 143.9 (Geneva "Normal"): 467.8 395.4 243.1

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-5/26): 449.6 370.7 222.6 (Geneva 1/1-5/26/2019): 468.8 388.0 230.2 (Geneva "Normal"): 606.2 518.9 332.1

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-6/1): 594.1 503.8 328.2 (Geneva 1/1-6/1/2019): 573.8 481.0 293.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 741.1 642.0 426.6

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-6/8): 720.1 616.5 410.2 (Geneva 1/1-6/8/2019): 694.3 587.5 367.5 (Geneva "Normal"): 879.6 766.7 518.1

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-6/15): 893.0 774.2 534.1 (Geneva 1/1-6/15/2019): 820.8 704.0 450.0 (Geneva "Normal"): 1037.7 912.2 628.2

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-6/22): 1074.8 942.0 669.1 (Geneva 1/1-6/22/2019): 964.3 833.5 544.8 (Geneva "Normal"): 1206.5 1067.0 743.9

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-6/29): 1274.3 1127.5 819.6 (Geneva 1/1-6/29/2019): 1151.8 1007.0 683.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 1392.9 1239.4 881.4

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-7/6): 1500.8 1340.0 997.1 (Geneva 1/1-7/6/2019): 1353.8 1195.0 836.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 1576.0 1414.4 1017.7 continued...

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43°F 45°F 50°F

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-7/13): 1738.8 1564.0 1186.1 (Geneva 1/1-7/13/2019): 1546.8 1374.0 980.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 1775.5 1599.8 1168.1

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-7/20): 1971.3 1782.5 1369.6 (Geneva 1/1-7/20/2019): 1763.8 1577.0 1148.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 1982.4 1792.7 1326.0

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-7/27): 2197.8 1995.0 1547.1 (Geneva 1/1-7/27/2019): 1954.8 1754.0 1290.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 2179.4 1975.8 1474.1

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-8/3): 2697.3 2180.5 1697.6 (Geneva 1/1-8/3/2019): 2157.3 1942.5 1443.8 (Geneva "Normal"): 2375.4 2159.7 1621.6

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-8/10): 2589.3 2358.5 1840.6 (Geneva 1/1-8/10/2019): 2325.0 2097.3 1566.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 2565.1 2335.6 1762.8

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-8/17): 2736.0 2489.2 1935.7 (Geneva 1/1-8/17/2019): 2504.0 2262.3 1696.3 (Geneva "Normal"): 2749.8 2506.2 1898.4

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-8/24): 2915.5 2654.7 2066.2 (Geneva 1/1-8/24/2019): 2688.5 2432.8 1831.8 (Geneva "Normal"): 2927.0 2669.5 2026.7

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-8/31): 3085.0 2810.2 2186.8 (Geneva 1/1-8/31/2019): 2832.5 2562.8 1926.8 (Geneva "Normal"): 3096.7 2825.2 2147.6

Current DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1-9/8): 3267.0 2999.2 2312.8 (Geneva 1/1-9/8/2019): 2992.0 2679.7 2030.4 (Geneva "Normal"): 3281.9 2998.7 2277.1

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scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

TEMPUSFUGIT

ANOTHER ONE FOR THE BOOKS(Art Agnello, Entomology, Geneva; ama4@cornell.edu

vv This season, although somewhat simi-lar in regard to weather patterns and pest occur-rence of recent seasons, was ultimately distinct in its own way. Insect trap numbers are only one index of the variability inherent in New York orchard systems from one year to the

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DATE DEGREE DAYS (43°F) (BASE 50°F) PEST EVENT Mean (± days) 2020 Mean (±DD) 2020 Mean (±DD) 2020 APPLE MAGGOT 1st catch 4-Jul(±12) 26-Jul 1507(±281) 2046 972(±204) 1414 Peak 6-Aug(±10) 10-Aug 2394(±247) 2530 16345(±191) 1779 BLACK STEM BORER 1st catch 6-May(±3) 7-May 283(±50) 223 137(±40) 84 1st flight peak 1-Jun(±9) 27-May 681(±170) 482 383(±122) 248 1st flight subsides 19-Jun(±9) 17-Jun 1056(±198) 929 636(±154) 555

CODLING MOTH 1st catch 18-May(±7) 22-May 475(±85) 350 249(±55) 15 1st flight peak 3-Jun(±12) 5-Jun 768(±206) 678 442(±134) 386 1st flight subsides 6-Jul(±12) 6-Jul 1557(±262) 1483 1011(±187) 976 2nd flight start 20-Jul(±13) 9-Jul 1887(±313) 1587 1251(±223) 1059 2nd flight peak 6-Aug(±13) 7-Aug 2327(±349) 2447 1585(±265) 1716

DOGWOOD BORER 1st catch 12-Jun(±9) 5-Jun 964(±230) 678 571(±151) 386 Peak 8-Jul(±10) 29-Jul 1611(±226) 1271 1040(±172) 814

GREEN FRUITWORM 1st catch 6-Apr(±8) 27-Mar 96(±47) 81 39(±27) 30 Peak 18-Apr(±8) 6-Apr 157(±67) 103 69(±36) 35 Flight subsides 9-May(±11) 7-May 372(±120) 223 189(±77) 84

LESSER PEACHTREE BORER 1st catch 24-May(±8) 29-May 570(±94) 541 308(±59) 293 Peak flight 25-Jun(±19) 5-Jun 1234(±470) 678 785(±338) 386

OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER 1st catch 9-Jun(±6) 12-Jun 884(±90) 857 523(±62) 516 1st flight peak 16-Jun(±7) N/A 1033(±182) N/A 628(±131) N/A 1st flight subsides 17-Jul(±7) N/A 1846(±203) N/A 1224(±155) N/A

next. This year finds us relatively advanced compared with our normal progression of heat unit accumulations; nonetheless, it will still be a couple of weeks until we can see how crop size and quality was affected by the 2020 growing conditions. For now at least, we do have the pest numbers from pheromone traps in our AgriTech research orchards. Following are summarized comparative listings of some

of the pest events (for the "usual" species) and crop development stages that occurred this sea-son (in Geneva) with calendar and degree-day means; we used to call these "normal" values, but somehow this doesn't seem quite appro-priate, as most years tend to be anything but. The values and dates are given ± one standard deviation; i.e., events should occur within the stated range approximately 7 years out of 10.

scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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DATE DEGREE DAYS (43°F) (BASE 50°F) PEST EVENT Mean (± days) 2020 Mean (±DD) 2020 Mean (±DD) 2020 OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER (cont.) 2nd flight begins 7-Aug(±9) N/A 2413(±201) N/A 1646(±160) N/A 2nd flight peak 24-Aug(±11) N/A 2798(±203) N/A 1920(±166) N/A

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH 1st catch 2-May(±8) 7-May *229(±44) *171 126(±33) 84 1st flight peak 15-May(±11) 26-May *369(±91) *371 223(±57) 227 1st flight subsides 12-Jun(±8) 15-Jun *825(±126) *771 576(±97) 533 2nd flight begins 29-Jun(±5) 26-Jun *1180(±136) *1047 856(±106) 754 2nd flight peak 19-Jul(±7) 3-Jul *1450(±147) *1233 1115(±190) 904 2nd flight subsides 31-Jul(±7) 27-Jul *2044(±233) *1935 1545(±195) 1486 3rd flight begins 9-Aug(±9) 31-Jul *2275(±290) *2045 1720(±208) 1576 * = Base 45°FPEACHTREE BORER 1st catch 15-Jun(±11) 8-Jun 1032(±266) 746 619(±182) 433 Peak flight 7-Jul(±19) 19-Jul 1579(±465) 2046 1036(±353) 1414

REDBANDED LEAFROLLER 1st catch 17-Apr(±9) 24-Apr 144(±32) 156 60(±20) 50 1st flight peak 4-May(±9) 4-May 303(±75) 218 150(±48) 84 1st flight subsides 2-Jun(±8) 12-Jun 753(±140) 857 448(±105) 516 2nd flight begins 29-Jun(±6) 26-Jun 1367(±175) 1190 866(±135) 754 2nd flight peak 13-Jul(±7) 3-Jul 1721(±232) 1390 1129(±176) 904 2nd flight subsides 7-Aug(±10) 3-Aug 2419(±273) 2348 1651(±206) 1655 3rd flight begins 19-Aug(±10) 7-Aug 2715(±214) 2447 1868(±163) 1716

SAN JOSE SCALE 1st catch 21-May(±8) 29-May 533(±88) 541 284(±61) 293 1st flight peak 29-May(±8) 29-May 644(±89) 541 355(±58) 293 1st flight subsides 16-Jun(±8) 15-Jun 1039(±182) 893 632(±125) 533 2nd flight begins 15-Jul(±8) 16-Jul 1804(±170) 1805 1199(±136) 1228

SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER 1st catch 20-Apr(±9) 1-May 168(±48) 179 73(±28) 63 1st flight peak 7-May(±8) 26-May 337(±71) 450 168(±45) 227 1st flight subsides 5-Jun(±9) 12-Jun 813(±128) 857 475(±94) 516 2nd flight begins 16-Jun(±6) 15-Jun 1063(±91) 893 648(±74) 533 2nd flight peak 6-Jul(±8) 29-Jun 1563(±207) 1271 1011(±163) 814 2nd flight subsides 28-Jul(±8) 31-Jul 2167(±177) 2258 1466(±151) 1576 3rd flight begins 6-Aug(±7) 7-Aug 2420(±196) 2447 1653(±162) 1716 3rd flight peak 19-Aug(±9) 7-Aug 2755(±222) 2447 1899(±174) 1716

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scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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CROP DATE DEGREE DAYS (BASE 43°F) PHENOLOGY Mean (±days) 2020 Mean (±DD) 2020 APPLE (MCINTOSH) Silver tip 6-Apr(±8) 20-Mar 81(±23) 62 Green tip 13-Apr(±9) 2-Apr 121(±22) 93 Half-inch green 20-Apr(±8) 17-Apr 173(±26) 137 Tight cluster 27-Apr(±7) 1- May 228(±27) 179 Pink 3-May(±7) 11-May 289(±26) 233 Bloom 10-May(±6) 22-May 378(±35) 350 Petal fall 18-May(±6) 26-May 479(±42) 450 Fruit set 23-May(±6) 29-May 550(±42) 541

APPLE (RED DELICIOUS) Silver tip 7-Apr(±8) 30-Mar 92(±21) 91 Green tip 13-Apr(±9) 9-Apr 135(±25) 119 Half-inch green 21-Apr(±9) 20-Apr 187(±26) 143 Tight cluster 26-Apr(±10) 1-May 248(±33) 179 Pink 6-May(±7) 11-May 322(±40) 233 King bloom 9-May(±7) 18-May 366(±56) 291 Bloom 13-May(±7) 22-May 413(±47) 350 Petal fall 21-May(±7) 28-May 521(±65) 512 Fruit set 23-May(±6) 29-May 562(±49) 541

APPLE (EMPIRE) Silver tip 5-Apr(±9) 20-Mar 85(±17) 91 Green tip 15-Apr(±5) 16-Apr 117±22) 103 Half-inch green 19-Apr(±9) 17-Apr 167(±29) 137 Tight cluster 25-Apr(±10) 1-May 220(±29) 179 Pink 2-May(±9) 11-May 286(±28) 233 King bloom 5-May(±9) 18-May 329(±25) 291 Bloom 10-May(±6) 22-May 378(±29) 350 Petal fall 19-May(±6) 26-May 479(±40) 450 Fruit set 23-May(±6) 29-May 539(±36) 541

Apricot Swollen bud 5-Apr(±15) 20-Mar 82(±31) 62 Bud burst 16-Apr(±7) 9-Apr 125(±11) 119 Bloom 26-Apr(±8) 24-Apr 200(±31) 144 Petal fall 7-May(±5) 7-May 282(±41) 223

PEACH Swollen bud 10-Apr(±9) 20-Mar 107(±33) 91 Bud burst 18-Apr(±11) 13-Apr 153(±33) 129 Half-inch green 26-Apr(±7) 27-Apr 191(±25) 153

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scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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CROP DATE DEGREE DAYS (BASE 43°F) PHENOLOGY Mean (±days) 2020 Mean (±DD) 2020PEACH (cont.) Pink 27-Apr(±10) 1-May 225(±30) 179 Bloom 3-May(±9) 15-May 288(±36) 247 Petal fall 12-May(±7) 18-May 404(±61) 291 Fruit set 20-May(±3) 22-May 480(±80) 350

PEAR Swollen bud 9-Apr(±9) 2-Apr 104(±32) 93 Bud burst 18-Apr(±8) 17-Apr 158(±28) 137 Green cluster 27-Apr(±9) 4-May 230(±23) 218 White bud 2-May(±8) 11-May 277(±29) 233 Bloom 7-May(±8) 18-May 337(±38) 291 Petal fall 14-May(±8) 24-May 421(±37) 396 Fruit set 18-May(±8) 26-May 482(±54) 450

PLUM Swollen bud 10-Apr(±12) 20-Mar 119(±46) 62 Bud burst 20-Apr(±10) 9-Apr 171(±41) 119 Green cluster 27-Apr(±8) 13-Apr 212(±49) 129 White bud 26-Apr(±11) 27-Apr 230(±37) 153 Bloom 2-May(±10) 1-May 288(±48) 179 Petal fall 10-May(±8) 7-May 379(±52) 223 Fruit set 16-May(±8) 15-May 448(±63) 247

SWEET CHERRY Swollen bud 10-Apr(±9) 20-Mar 104(±29) 62 Bud burst 19-Apr(±9) 17-Apr 165(±27) 137 White bud 27-Apr(±8) 1-May 220(±25) 179 Bloom 2-May(±7) 4-May 274(±27) 218 Petal fall 10-May(±6) 15-May 378(±46) 247 Fruit set 14-May(±6) 18-May 427(±53) 291

TART CHERRY Swollen bud 11-Apr(±8) 27-Mar 110(±40) 81 Bud burst 23-Apr(±7) 13-Apr 191(±39) 129 White bud 1-May(±7) 4-May 259(±24) 218 Bloom 7-May(±6) 15-May 335(±43) 247 Petal fall 16-May(±6) 19-May 439(±46) 396 Fruit set 20-May(±7) 26-May 499(±61) 450 Bud burst 18-Apr(+/-9) 18-Apr 159(+/-28) 119 Green cluster 26-Apr(+/-9) 26-Apr 230(+/-23) 186 White bud 2-May(+/-8) 9-May 279(+/-28) 262 Bloom 6-May(+/-8) 13-May 339(+/-38) 293 Petal fall 14-May(+/-8) 23-May 422(+/-37) 413 Fruit set 18-May(+/-8) 28-May 483(+/-55) 512

scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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CAST OF CHARACTERS(Art Agnello, Entomology, Geneva;ama4@cornell.edu)

vv This is our annual summary of the year's pheromone trap results in Geneva as well as Highland, courtesy of Peter Jentsch and Lydia Brown.

KEY = GFW - Green Fruitworm; RBLR - Redbanded Leafroller; STLM - Spotted Tentiform Leafminer; OFM - Oriental Fruit Moth (in apples); CM - Codling Moth; LPTB - Lesser Peachtree Borer (in peach); DWB - Dogwood Borer; OBLR - Obliquebanded Leafroller; PTB - Peachtree Borer; AM - Apple Maggot; * - first catch of the generation.

Geneva Pest Trapping Results - Avg/Trap

DATE GFW RBLR STLM OFM CM LPTB SJS OBLR DWB PTB3/27 2.5*3/30 2.54/2 0.54/6 3.54/9 3.04/13 0.0 1.0*4/17 0.0 0.04/20 1.0 0.04/24 0.0 1.04/27 0.0 3.0 5/1 0.0 10.5 0.5*5/4 0.5 43.5 7.55/7 0.0 5.0 2.5 1.5*5/11 0.0 2.5 1.0 0.05/15 0.0 19.0 5.0 3.05/18 0.0 31.5 10.5 55.05/22 36.5 13.0 145.5 0.5*5/26 45.5 15.0 182.5 13.55/29 23.5 6.0 63.0 45.0 6.0* 125.0*6/1 1.5 3.0 9.5 32.5 8.0 1.76/5 2.0 1.0 17.5 59.0 23.5 15.3 0.0 1.0*6/8 1.0 1.5 8.5 30.0 5.0 21.0 0.0 1.0 36.5*6/12 0.0 0.0 8.5 54.0 7.5 2.3 1.0* 0.5 30.56/15 0.0 0.5* 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.06/19 0.0 7.5 3.0 22.0 3.5 1.0 1.5 5.06/22 0.0 34.0 0.0 13.5 7.0 0.0 1.5 3.06/26 3.0* 50.5 14.5* 14.5 8.5 0.0 5.5 5.06/29 12.5 81.0 15.0 11.5 6.5 0.0 8.0 6.57/3 26.5 80.5 46.0 7.0 8.0 0.0 4.5 9.0

WINGSPAST

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continued...

Geneva Pest Trapping Results - Avg/Trap (cont.)DATE GFW RBLR STLM OFM CM LPTB SJS OBLR DWB PTB AM

7/6 19.0 63.5 12.0 5.0 4.5 1.0 1.0 9.57/9 15.0 55.0 45.5 11.0* 7.5 0.0 1.0 8.07/13 12.5 78.0 18.5 13.0 7.0 1.0 2.0 9.57/16 1.5 37.0 17.5 7.0 1.0 1.3* 0.0 1.0 10.57/20 8.0 32.0 27.0 34.0 2.5 6.7 0.5 0.5 17.07/24 6.0 50.0 10.5 36.0 0.5 15.3 0.0 2.0 18.07/27 4.0 43.5 5.0 14.0 1.0 31.7 1.0 0.5 16.07/31 1.0 27.5 17.0* 4.0 1.5 174.7 1.0 0.5 16.08/3 0.5 31.5 13.0 19.5 2.5 52.7 0.0 0.0 11.58/7 3.0* 110.5* 12.5 48.5 7.5 137.0 0.5 0.0 2.58/10 1.5 83.0 8.5 19.0 3.0 43.0 0.0 0.0 6.58/13 33.5 81.5 16.0 19.0 77.5 34.0 0.5 7.0 2.0*8/17 11.5 62.5 13.0 16.5 1.5 11.7 0.0 2.0 5.38/20 24.0 30.0 4.0 19.5 6.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 3.08/24 18.5 82.5 6.5 33.5 11.5 10.0 0.0 2.0 2.38/27 27.0 25.0 5.0 22.5 4.0 5.7 2.0 0.5 1.08/31 14.0 21.5 9.0 20.5 2.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 1.39/3 27.0 8.0 10.5 19.5 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.5 2.39/8 116.0 22.5 62.5 15.0 1.0 6.0 0.5 1.7

HUDSON VALLEY INSECT KEY = GFW - Green Fruitworm; RBLR - Redbanded Leafroller; STLM - Spotted Tentiform Leafminer; OFM - Oriental Fruit Moth (in apples); LAW - Lesser Appleworm; CM - Codling Moth; TABM - Tufted apple bud moth; SJS - San Jose scale; FTLR - Fruit Tree Leafroller; VLR - Variegated Leafroller; DWB - Dogwood borer; SPAR - Sparganothis Fruitworm; OBLR - Obliquebanded Leafroller; LPTB - Lesser Peachtree Borer; AM - Apple Maggot; * - first catch of the generation.Hudson Valley (Highland) Pest Trapping Results - Avg/Trap

DATE GFW RBLR STLM OFM LAW CM TABM SJS FTLR VLR DWB SPAR OBLR3/16 0.0 2.0* 3/23 1.0* 7.03/30 0.0 19.5 12.5*4/6 0.0 110.0 237.0 0.5*4/13 0.0 91.5 247.0 2.04/20 0.0 64.5 79.0 2.54/27 0.0 72.5 151.5 5.55/4 82.5 188.0 65.55/11 89.5 57.5 19.5 0.5*5/18 29.5 42.5 48.5 8.0 20.5*5/26 26.0 23.0 12.0 7.5 17.5 9.5* 7.0*5/31 5.5 5.5 4.0 15.5 26.0 9.5 0.0 1.0* 2.0* 6.0* 1.0*6/8 1.0 36.5* 2.5 16.0 34.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 17.5 0.5 4.5

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scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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Hudson Valley (Highland) Pest Trapping Results - Avg/Trap (cont.)

DATE RBLR STLM OFM LAW CM TABM SJS FTLR VLR DWB SPAR OBLR LPTB AM6/15 0.0 195.0 4.5* 7.0 18.0 11.5 0.0 2.5 6.0 0.0 13.5 5.5* 6/22 13.5* 307.5 4.0 5.5 20.5 12.5 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.5 17.0 11.5 2.0*6/29 37.0 236.0 46.0 19.5 35.0 0.0 1.5 7.0 0.0 12.0 9.0 4.07/6 21.5 208.0 6.0 7.5 36.0 12.0* 0.5 2.0 9.5 1.5 4.5 8.5 6.37/13 44.5 133.5 7.5 15.5* 24.0 34.5 0.0 0.5 9.5 0.5 1.0 9.0 8.07/20 32.0 380.0 6.5 15.5 10.5 203.5 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.5 0.0 3.5 16.87/27 11.5 359.5 5.0 14.5 0.5 194.5 0.0 1.5* 35.5 0.0 0.5* 6.5 31.88/3 15.0 314.0 8.0 17.5 4.5 27.0 0.0 3.0 30.5 0.0 1.5 9.0 37.38/10 13.0 206.5 3.5 42.5 3.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 17.5 0.0 1.0 8.0 29.38/17 47.0 137.5 1.5 27.0 6.0 7.0 0.0 2.0 17.5 0.5 0.5 10.0 30.88/24 32.5 148.0 5.0 10.0 6.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 14.0 0.0 0.0 24.88/31 30.0 209.0 4.5 8.0 11.5 14.5 1.0 0.0 4.5 0.5 0.5 19.09/8 14.5 220.0 3.0 2.5 11.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.5 1.0 0.0 28.7

IT'S NOT YOU, IT'S ME(Art Agnello, Entomology, Geneva; ama4@cornell.edu)

vv With this issue, "Scaffolds" ceases publication for this season and beyond, as I will be retiring at the end of next March. It's been a great experience being able to deliver this content to a faithful readership for the past 29 years, and in the process of gathering

this information each week, I probably have learned as much as anyone about fruit insect biology, as well as diseases, horticulture, pesticides, climate, and the fruit industry of New York and the adjacent regions. I've always told people that it's kept me honest, since I had to be as sure of the accuracy of everything we presented as was possible. I owe a debt of gratitude to the many colleagues and staff who have assisted me in putting "Scaffolds" together over the years and contributing timely, valuable articles, and helping to oversee the logistics of getting it delivered each week. While it's assumed that another Fruit Extension Entomologist will eventually be hired at Geneva, this likely won't happen in 2021; readers wishing to keep abreast of current tree fruit news and advice should subscribe to Peter Jentsch's excellent blog at: https://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch/.

Finally, here's an index to "Scaffolds" Volume 29, 2020:

THAT'S ALL,

FOLKS!

SCAFFOLDS Fruit JournalIndex, Volume 29, 2020

No. 1, March 23GENERAL INFO New year of Scaffolds intro References & Resources Webinar: Bloom Thinning with Pollen Tube Growth Model DISEASES Early season disease management in 2020 Spring clean-up for orchards

HORTICULTURE Herbicide resistance screening in 2020INSECTS Black stem borer surveyCHEM NEWS Product registration update

mailto:ama4%40cornell.edu?subject=https://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch/

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No. 2, March 30INSECTS Prebloom oil for mite management Black stem borer surveyDISEASES Early season powdery mildew management More on tree decline problemsGENERAL INFO Apple IPM Workshop ProceedingsCHEM NEWS Product registration update

No. 3, April 6INSECTS Early season scale management Black stem borer surveyDISEASES Tree decline and novel viruses

No. 4, April 13INSECTS Management of trunk borers Black stem borer surveyDISEASES Weekly Apple Scab Update Correction concerning Gramoxone

No. 5, April 20INSECTS Trapping for apple insects Black stem borer surveyDISEASES Weekly Apple Scab Update

No. 6, April 27HORTICULTURE Integrated pollinator managementDISEASES Weekly apple scab updateGENERAL INFO Virtual CCE LOF Pink meeting

No. 7, May 4INSECTS Insect pests at pink budDISEASES Managing fire blight in 2020 Weekly Apple Scab UpdateGENERAL INFO Virtual CCE LOF Pink meeting

No. 8, May 11INSECTS Supporting pollinators and managing pestsDISEASES Weekly Apple Scab Update

No. 9, May 18INSECTS Management of internal feeding LepidopteraDISEASES Weekly Apple Scab and Blossom Blight UpdatesGENERAL INFO LOFP Virtual Pink Meeting Follow-up

No. 10, May 26INSECTS Petal fall insect managementDISEASES Weekly Apple Scab and Blossom Blight Updates

No. 11, June 1INSECTS Early summer insect roundupDISEASES Weekly Apple Scab Update Weekly Fire Blight Update

No. 12, June 8INSECTS Woolly apple aphid Peachtree borersDISEASES Weekly Apple Scab UpdateGENERAL INFO Virtual Petal Fall Meeting Recaps

continued...

scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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No. 13, June 15INSECTS Internal worm management Spotted Wing Drosophila UpdateDISEASES Streptomycin-resistnat fire blight with Sample Submission Form

No. 14, June 22INSECTS San Jose scale management Apple leaf curling midge Spotted Wing Drosophila UpdateCHEM NEWS Versys Inscalis insecticide labeled

No. 15, June 29 INSECTS Apple maggot management Japanese beetle Spotted Wing Drosophila UpdateDISEASES Fire blight survey 2020 FAQsCHEM NEWS Spear-Lep insecticide labeled Mustang Maxx 24(c) 3-day PHI in cherries Spotted wing drosophila update

No. 16, July 6INSECTS Mid-season insect roundup

No. 17, July 15 Foliar feeding pests Spotted Wing Drosophila Update

No. 18, July 20INSECTS Midsummer insect update Spotted Wing Drosophila Update

No. 19, July 29INSECTS August insect checklist Dock sawflyHORTICULTURE Keeping squirrels out of apricotsCHEM NEWS Bifenthrin Section 18 approval for BMSB

No. 20, August 5INSECTS Apple maggot update Spotted Wing Drosophila Update

No. 21, August 10INSECTS Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Late season lep flights

No. 22, August 17INSECTS Invasive Pests - Brown Marmorated Stink Bug - Spotted wing drosophila - Spotted Lanternfly

No. 23, August 24INSECTS Late August pest management items Stink bug management options

No. 24, August 31INSECTS 2020 Fruit Arthropod Pest Review

No. 25, September 8INSECTS Degree Day corrections Summary of 2020 Pest Events 2020 Insect trap catch summaryGENERAL INFO "Scaffolds" Sign-off and Index of Scaffolds Volume 29, 2020

scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

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INSECT TRAP CATCHES(Number/Trap)

Geneva, NY Highland, NY 8/31 9/3 9/8 8/24 8/31 9/8Redbanded leafroller 14.0 27.0 116.0 Redbanded leafroller 32.5 30.0 14.5Spotted tentiform leafminer 21.5 8.0 22.5 Spotted tentiform leafminer 148.0 209.0 220.0Oriental fruit moth 9.0 10.5 62.5 Oriental fruit moth 5.0 4.5 3.0Codling moth 20.5 19.5 15.0 Black stem borer 1.0 0.0 0.0Lesser peachtree borer 2.0 1.5 1.0 Codling moth 10.0 8.0 2.5San Jose scale 4.0 0.3 – Tufted apple budmoth 6.0 11.5 11.5Peachtree borer 0.0 0.5 0.5 San Jose scale 1.0 14.5 0.0Obliquebanded leafroller 1.0 1.0 6.0 Lesser peachtree borer – – -Apple Maggot 1.3 2.3 1.7 Brown Marm. Stk bug (adults) 42.0 64.0 70.0 Fruit Tree Leafroller 0.5 1.0 0.0 8/19 8/26 9/2 Variegated Leafroller 0.0 0.0 1.5Black stem borer 3.0 1.7 0.3 Dogwood Borer 14.0 4.5 3.5 Sparganothis Fruitworm 0.0 0.5 1.0 Obliquebanded Leafroller 0.0 0.5 0.0 Spotted wing drosophila 34.0 70.0 104.0 (cherry) Apple maggot 24.8 19.0 28.7

UPCOMING PEST EVENTS

43°F 45°F 50°FCurrent DD* accumulations (Geneva 1/1–9/8): 3267.0 2999.2 2312.8 (Geneva 1/1–9/8/2019): 2992.0 2679.7 2030.4 (Geneva "Normal"): 3281.9 2998.7 2277.1 (Geneva 1/1-9/14, predicted): 3370.1 3068.0 2378.7 (Highland 1/1–9/8): 3805.9 2745.1 Upcoming Pest Events (Geneva): Ranges (Normal ± StDev):Apple maggot flight subsides 2772-3258 1907-2283Black stem borer 2nd flight subsides 3157-3816 2136-2714Codling moth 2nd flight subsides 2846-3462 1923-2447Lesser appleworm 2nd flight subsides 2794-3488 1918-2422Lesser peachtree borer flight subsides 2996-3446 2017-2433Obliquebanded leafroller 2nd flight subsides 3108-3468 2126-2448Oriental fruit moth 3rd flight subsides 2928-3412 1978-2310Redbanded leafroller 3rd flight subsides 3124-3436 2142-2422San Jose scale 2nd flight subsides 2673-3419 1813-2429Spotted tentiform LM 3rd flight subsides 3244-3480 2258-2462

*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E.

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NOTE: Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete and up-to-date pesticide recommendations. Nevertheless, changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly, and human errors are possible. These recommendations are not a substitute for pesticide labelling. Please read the label before applying any pesticide.This material is based upon work supported by Smith Lever funds from the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

scaffolds No. 25 September 8, 2020

"Scaffolds" No. 1, March 23, 1992. [Notice how nearly all the insecticides mentioned are no longer labeled? - AMA]