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Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)

An Integrated Compendium of Twenty Encyclopedias

Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

Mathematical Sciences Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences

Social Sciences and Humanities Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources

Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources Energy Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and

Technology Resources Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and

Technology Resources Human Resources Policy and Management Natural Resources Policy and Management

Development and Economic Sciences Institutional and Infrastructural Resources

Technology, Information, and Systems Management Resources

Area Studies [Regional Sustainable Development Reviews: Africa, Brazil,

Canada/USA, China, Europe, Japan and Russia] Biotechnology

Control Systems, Robotics, and Automation Tropical Biology and Natural Resources

www.eolss.net

© EOLSS

Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Table of Contents AN INTEGRATED COMPENDIUM OF TWENTY ENCYCLOPEDIAS • Earth and Atmospheric Sciences • Mathematical Sciences • Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences • Social Sciences and Humanities • Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources • Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources • Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources • Energy Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources • Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources • Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources • Human Resources Policy and Management • Natural Resources Policy and Management • Development and Economic Sciences • Institutional and Infrastructural Resources • Technology, Information, and Systems Management Resources • Area Studies [Regional Sustainable Development Reviews: Africa, Brazil, Canada/USA, China, Europe, Japan and Russia] • Biotechnology • Control Systems, Robotics, and Automation • Tropical Biology and Natural Resources • Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences

Last Update: October 2010 © EOLSS

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EARTH AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

TROPICAL METEROLOGY

RADAR METEOROLOGY IN THE TROPICS Radar Background Field Campaigns Tropical Cyclones Satellite Radars

PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY Clouds and Aerosols in the Tropics Atmospheric Radiation in the Tropics

TROPICAL SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY The Tropical Atmosphere

OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION AND TROPICAL CLIMATE Bjerknes Feedback Wind-Evaporation-SST (WES) Feedback Cloud Feedback Water Vapor Feedback Ocean Front-Atmosphere Interaction Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model

METEOROLOGY OF THE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE The Quasi-biennial Oscillation The Semiannual Oscillation Stratospheric Waves, Wave-Mean Flow Interaction and the Theory of the QBO and SAO Representation of the Tropical Stratosphere in Numerical Simulation Models Induced Mean Meridional Circulation and the QBO in Trace Constituents Remote Effects of the QBO and Tropospheric Prediction

INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION Brief history Observed Large-Scale Characteristics Broad Impact Challenges

SOUTH CHINA SEAS METEOROLOGY South China Sea Summer Monsoon South China Sea Winter Monsoon Tropical Cyclones Over The Scs

MIDDLE EAST METEOROLOGY Introduction Regional Climate in the Middle East Dust Storms over the Middle East Climate Change Over the Middle East Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Middle East Circulation Systems Affect the Climate of Middle East Conclusion

METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS IN THE TROPICS: SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS AND FLASH FLOODS

Phenomena that Affect the Environment for Deep Convection Physics controlling strong convection and severe weather Areas in the Tropics prone to weather hazards Forecasting the Hazards

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

A HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY Stars and Stellar Evolution from 1945

1

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-02/E6-158-02-TXT.aspx#2._Radar_Background_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-02/E6-158-02-TXT.aspx#3._Field_Campaigns_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-02/E6-158-02-TXT.aspx#4._Tropical_Cyclones_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-02/E6-158-02-TXT.aspx#5._Satellite_Radars_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-05/E6-158-05-TXT.aspx#2._Clouds_and_Aerosols_in_the_Tropics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-05/E6-158-05-TXT-02.aspx#3._Atmospheric_Radiation_in_the_Tropics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-06/E6-158-06-TXT.aspx#2._The_Tropical_Atmosphere_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-09/E6-158-09-TXT.aspx#2._Bjerknes_Feedback__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-09/E6-158-09-TXT.aspx#3._Wind-Evaporation-SST_(WES)_Feedback__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-09/E6-158-09-TXT.aspx#4._Cloud_Feedback__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-09/E6-158-09-TXT.aspx#5._Water_Vapor_Feedback__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-09/E6-158-09-TXT.aspx#6._Ocean_Front-Atmosphere_Interaction__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-09/E6-158-09-TXT.aspx#8._Appendix._Coupled_Ocean-Atmosphere_Model__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-10/E6-158-10-TXT.aspx#2._Quasi-biennial_Oscillation_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-10/E6-158-10-TXT.aspx#3._The_Semiannual_Oscillation__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-10/E6-158-10-TXT.aspx#4._Stratospheric_Waves,_Wave-Mean_Flow_Interaction_and_the_Theory_of_the_QBO_and_SAO__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-10/E6-158-10-TXT.aspx#5._Representation_of_the_Tropical_Stratosphere_in_Numerical_Simulation_Models__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-10/E6-158-10-TXT.aspx#6._Induced_Mean_Meridional_Circulation_and_the_QBO_in_Trace_Constituents__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-10/E6-158-10-TXT.aspx#7._Remote_Effects_of_the_QBO_and_Tropospheric_Prediction__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-15/E6-158-15-TXT.aspx#2._Brief_history_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-15/E6-158-15-TXT.aspx#3._Observed_Large-Scale_Characteristics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-15/E6-158-15-TXT.aspx#4._Broad_Impact_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-15/E6-158-15-TXT.aspx#5._Challenges_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-16/E6-158-16-TXT.aspx#2._�South_China_Sea_Summer_Monsoon_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-16/E6-158-16-TXT.aspx#3._South_China_Sea_Winter_Monsoon__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-16/E6-158-16-TXT.aspx#4._Tropical_Cyclones_Over_The_Scs_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-19/E6-158-19-TXT.aspx#1._Introduction_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-19/E6-158-19-TXT.aspx#2._Regional_Climate_in_the_Middle_East_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-19/E6-158-19-TXT-02.aspx#3._Dust_Storms_over_the_Middle_East__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-19/E6-158-19-TXT-02.aspx#4._Climate_Change_Over_the_Middle_East__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-19/E6-158-19-TXT-02.aspx#5._Climate_Change_Impacts_on_Water_Resources_in_Middle_East_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-19/E6-158-19-TXT-02.aspx#6._Circulation_Systems_Affect_the_Climate_of_Middle_East_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-19/E6-158-19-TXT-02.aspx#7._Conclusion_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-20/E6-158-20-TXT.aspx#2._Phenomena_that_Affect_the_Environment_for_Deep_Convection_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-20/E6-158-20-TXT.aspx#3._Physics_controlling_strong_convection_and_severe_weather__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-20/E6-158-20-TXT-02.aspx#4._Areas_in_the_Tropics_prone_to_weather_hazards_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-158/E6-158-20/E6-158-20-TXT-02.aspx#5._Forecasting_the_Hazards_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-03.aspx#10._Stars_and_Stellar_Evolution_from_1945_


The Interstellar Medium Galaxies, clusters of galaxies and the large scale structure of the Universe Active galaxies, general relativity and black holes Classical Cosmology since 1945 The Evolution of Galaxies and Active Galaxies with Cosmic Epoch The Origin of Galaxies and the Large-scale Structure of the Universe The Very Early Universe Prehistoric, Ancient and Mediaeval Astronomy Up To the Time of Copernicus The Copernican, Galilean and Newtonian Revolutions From Astronomy to Astrophysics – the Development of Astronomical Techniques in the 19th Century The Classification of the Stars – the Harvard Spectral Sequence Stellar Structure and Evolution to 1939 The Galaxy and the Nature of the Spiral Nebulae Astrophysical cosmology up to 1939 The Opening Up of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and the New Astronomies

HIGH ENERGY ASTRONOMY FROM THE GROUND Cosmic Rays Ground-Based Gamma Ray Astronomy High Energy Neutrino Astronomy

EXPLORATIONS IN SPACE ASTRONOMY IN THE SPACE AGE The First Satellites Towards the Moon Exploring other Members of the Solar System

THE MOTION OF CELESTIAL BODIES Two-Body Problem Three-body Problem Perturbations of Planets and Satellites Dynamics of Asteroids and Planetary Rings Dynamics of Artificial Satellites and Space Probes Tides Non-gravitational Perturbations Dynamical Evolution and Stability of the Solar System

OUR SUN: THE NEAREST STAR The Heliosphere The Solar Cycle Helioseismology and the Rotation of the Solar Interior The Dynamo and the Solar Cycle Solar Activity Heating the Corona and Accelerating the Solar Wind The Sun’s Influence on the Earth The Radiative Zone The Convection Zone The Photosphere The Chromosphere The Magnetic Sun The Transition Zone The Corona The Solar Wind

PLANETS OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM The Copernican Revolution New Telescopes - New Discoveries Trans Neptunian Objects Planets and Dwarf Planets The Larger Members of the Solar System Extra-Solar Planets

EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS

2

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-03.aspx#11._The_Interstellar_Medium_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-04.aspx#12._Galaxies,_Clusters_of_Galaxies_and_the_Large_Scale_Structure_of_the_Universe_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-04.aspx#13._Active_Galaxies,_General_Relativity_and_Black_Holes__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-04.aspx#14._Classical_Cosmology_Since_1945_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-05.aspx#15._The_Evolution_of_Galaxies_and_Active_Galaxies_with_Cosmic_Epoch_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-05.aspx#16._The_Origin_of_Galaxies_and_the_Large-scale_Structure_of_the_Universe_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-05.aspx#17._The_Very_Early_Universe_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT.aspx#2._Prehistoric,_Ancient_and_Mediaeval_Astronomy_Up_To_the_Time_of_Copernicus_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT.aspx#3._The_Copernican,_Galilean_and_Newtonian_Revolutions_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT.aspx#4._From_Astronomy_to_Astrophysics_-�the_Development_of_Astronomical_Techniques_in_the_19th_Century__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT.aspx#5._The_Classification_of_the_Stars_-�the_Harvard_Spectral_Sequence_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT.aspx#6._Stellar_Structure_and_Evolution_to_1939_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-02.aspx#7._The_Galaxy_and_the_Nature_of_the_Spiral_Nebulae_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-02.aspx#8._Astrophysical_Cosmology_up_to_1939_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-01/E6-119-01-TXT-02.aspx#9._The_Opening_Up_of_the_Electromagnetic_Spectrum_and_the_New_Astronomies_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-05/E6-119-05-TXT.aspx#2._Cosmic_Rays_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-05/E6-119-05-TXT-03.aspx#3._Ground-Based_Gamma_Ray_Astronomy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-05/E6-119-05-TXT-04.aspx#4._High_Energy_Neutrino_Astronomy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-07/E6-119-07-TXT.aspx#1._The_First_Satellites_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-07/E6-119-07-TXT.aspx#2._Towards_the_Moon_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-07/E6-119-07-TXT.aspx#3._Exploring_other_Members_of_the_Solar_System_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT.aspx#2._Two-Body_Problem__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT.aspx#3._Three-body_Problem_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT.aspx#4._Perturbations_of_Planets_and_Satellites_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT-02.aspx#5._Dynamics_of_Asteroids_and_Planetary_Rings__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT-02.aspx#6._Dynamics_of_Artificial_Satellites_and_Space_Probes_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT-02.aspx#7._Tides_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT-02.aspx#8._Non-gravitational_Perturbations__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-08/E6-119-08-TXT-02.aspx#9._Dynamical_Evolution_and_Stability_of_the_Solar_System_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#10._The_Heliosphere_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#11._The_Solar_Cycle_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#12._Helioseismology_and_the_Rotation_of_the_Solar_Interior_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#13._The_Dynamo_and_the_Solar_Cycle_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#14._Solar_Activity_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#15._Heating_the_Corona_and_Accelerating_the_Solar_Wind_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#16._The_Sun�s_Influence_on_the_Earth_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#2._The_Radiative_Zone_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#3._The_Convection_Zone_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#4._The_Photosphere_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#5._The_Chromosphere_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#6._The_Magnetic_Sun_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#7._The_Transition_Zone_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#8._The_Corona_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-09/E6-119-09-TXT.aspx#9._The_Solar_Wind_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-10/E6-119-10-TXT.aspx#2._The_Copernican_Revolution_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-10/E6-119-10-TXT.aspx#3._New_Telescopes_-_New_Discoveries_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-10/E6-119-10-TXT.aspx#4._Trans_Neptunian_Objects_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-10/E6-119-10-TXT.aspx#5._Planets_and_Dwarf_Planets_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-10/E6-119-10-TXT.aspx#6._The_Larger_Members_of_the_Solar_System_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-10/E6-119-10-TXT-02.aspx#7._Extra-Solar_Planets_


What is an Extrasolar Planet? Planetary System Formation The Different Detection Techniques and Search Strategies for Extrasolar Planets Main Characteristics of the Discovered Extra-Solar Planets, Planetary Systems and Host Stars Prospective Related to these Searches: Looking for another "Earth" Conclusion

ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI Historical Aspects The Emission Properties of Radio-Quiet Quasars and AGN Related Objects and Unification Scheme Evolution of Black Holes Linking the Growth of Black Holes to Galaxy Evolution

DARK MATTER Dark Matter Problem as a Scientific Revolution Early Evidence of the Existence of Dark Matter Dark Matter in Astronomical Data The Nature of Dark Matter Dark Matter and Structure Formation Matter-Energy Content of the Universe

EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE - STANDARD BIG BANG MODEL Historical Cosmology Friedmann - Lemaître Cosmology Thermal History of the Universe Cosmic Inflation Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Large Scale Structure Dark Matter Dark Energy Olbers' Paradox Hubble's Law Special Relativity and Metrics Distance Measures General Relativity Tests of General Relativity Gravitational Lensing Black Holes

“LET THERE BE LIGHT”: THE EMERGENCE OF STRUCTURE OUT OF THE DARK AGES IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

Galaxy Formation Probing the Diffuse Intergalactic Hydrogen

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN ASTRONOMY The Detection of an Astronomical Signal and the Environment Optical and Near Infrared Astronomy Radio Observatories Infrared and Millimetre Astronomy Geophysical Observatories Environmental Challenges by Astronomy Planetary Protection Relevant Organisations

GEOLOGY Historical review Philosophical Basis of the Methodology of Geology First-Order Explanatory Models of Geology Today

THE ORGANIZED EARTH Organization and Volcanic Systems Organization, Tectonics, and Impacts

3

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-12/E6-119-12-TXT.aspx#2._What_is_an_Extra-solar_Planet_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-12/E6-119-12-TXT.aspx#3._Planetary_System_Formation_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-12/E6-119-12-TXT.aspx#4._The_Different_Detection_Techniques_and_Search_Strategies_for_Extra-solar_Planets_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-12/E6-119-12-TXT-02.aspx#5._Main_Characteristics_of_the_Discovered_Extra-Solar_Planets,_Planetary_Systems_and_Host_Stars_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-12/E6-119-12-TXT-02.aspx#6._Prospective_Related_to_these_Searches:_Looking_for_another_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-12/E6-119-12-TXT-02.aspx#7._Conclusion_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-20/E6-119-20-TXT.aspx#1._Historical_Aspects_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-20/E6-119-20-TXT.aspx#2._The_Emission_Properties_of_Radio-Quiet_Quasars_and_AGN_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-20/E6-119-20-TXT-02.aspx#3._Related_Objects_and_Unification_Scheme_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-20/E6-119-20-TXT-02.aspx#4._Evolution_of_Black_Holes_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-20/E6-119-20-TXT-02.aspx#ACTIVE_GALACTIC_NUCLEI_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-21/6-119-21-TXT.aspx#1._Dark_Matter_Problem_as_a_Scientific_Revolution_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-21/6-119-21-TXT.aspx#2._Early_Evidence_of_the_Existence_of_Dark_Matter_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-21/6-119-21-TXT.aspx#3._Dark_Matter_in_Astronomical_Data_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-21/6-119-21-TXT.aspx#4._The_Nature_of_Dark_Matter_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-21/E6-119-21-TXT-02.aspx#5._Dark_Matter_and_Structure_Formation_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-21/E6-119-21-TXT-02.aspx#6._Matter-Energy_Content_of_the_Universe_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT.aspx#1._Historical_Cosmology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-03.aspx#10._FriedmannLema�tre_Cosmology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-04.aspx#11._Thermal_History_of_the_Universe_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-04.aspx#12._Cosmic_Inflation_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-05.aspx#13._Cosmic_Microwave_Background_Radiation_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-05.aspx#14._Large_Scale_Structure_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-05.aspx#15._Dark_Matter_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-06.aspx#16._Dark_Energy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT.aspx#2._Olbers�_Paradox_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT.aspx#3._Hubble�s_Law_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT.aspx#4._Special_Relativity_and_Metrics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-02.aspx#5._Distance_Measures_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-02.aspx#6._General_Relativity_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-02.aspx#7._Tests_of_General_Relativity_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-02.aspx#8._Gravitational_Lensing_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-22/E6-119-22-TXT-03.aspx#9._Black_Holes_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-23/E6-119-23-TXT.aspx#2._Galaxy_Formation_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-23/E6-119-23-TXT-03.aspx#3._Probing_the_Diffuse_Intergalactic_Hydrogen_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#1._The_Detection_of_an_Astronomical_Signal_and_the_Environment_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#2._Optical_and_Near_Infrared_Astronomy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#3._Radio_Observatories_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#4._Infrared_and_Millimeter_Astronomy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#5._Geophysical_Observatories_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#6._Environmental_Challenges_by_Astronomy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#7._Planetary_Protection_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-119/E6-119-28/E6-119-28-TXT.aspx#8._Relevant_Organizations_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-TXT-02.aspx#2. Historical Reviewhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-TXT-03.aspx#3. Philosophical Basis of the Methodology of Geologyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-TXT-04.aspx#4. First-Order Explanatory Models of Geology Todayhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-TXT.aspx#2. Organization and Volcanic Systemshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-TXT.aspx#3. Organization, Tectonics, and Impacts


THE COMPOSITION OF EARTH: ROCKS AND MINERALS Minerals Rocks

USING THE EARTH TO MEASURE TIME Strata and Time The Signs of Age The Refinement of Geological Time The Challenge to Evolution Physics to the Rescue Epilogue

EARTH AS A PLANET Earth The Moon Earth from Space

THE EVOLUTION OF LANDSCAPE Landscape Changes in the Fluvial Cycle Landscape Changes in the Glacial Cycle Periglacial and Aeolian Processes Landscape, Energy, Climate, and Other Planets

THE HAZARDOUS EARTH The Scale of the Threat from Geological Hazards Geological Hazards The Future

TECTONICS AND GEODYNAMICS The Theory of Plate Tectonics The Description of Geodynamic Processes Important Concepts in Geodynamics and Tectonics Outlook and Perspectives

GEODYNAMICS: RECENT ADVANCES IN QUANTITATIVE MODELING OF COMPRESSIONAL OROGENS

'S-point' dynamics Effect of crustal rheology Effect of erosion Different types of mantle shortening Comparison with the indenter mode of continental collision Variations around the S-point Geological predictions Application to various orogens

PLATE TECTONICS The Earths Composition Age and magnetization of the Earths crust Plates Geometric Constraints Plate Boundaries Hot Spots

RHEOLOGY OF ROCKS IN NATURAL TECTONIC PROCESSES Natural Deformation of Rocks The Mechanical Problem Constitutive Laws for Rocks Predicting rock strength under natural conditions: Problems and future directions

GEOCHRONOLOGY The age equations Isotope ratios and isochrons Dating metamorphic rocks Summary of dating methods

4

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-01/E6-15-01-01-TXT.aspx#2. Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-01/E6-15-01-01-TXT.aspx#3. Rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-02/E6-15-01-02-TXT.aspx#2. Strata and Timehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-02/E6-15-01-02-TXT.aspx#3. The Signs of Agehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-02/E6-15-01-02-TXT.aspx#4. The Refinement of Geological Timehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-02/E6-15-01-02-TXT.aspx#5. The Challenge to Evolutionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-02/E6-15-01-02-TXT.aspx#6. Physics to the Rescuehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-02/E6-15-01-02-TXT.aspx#7. Epiloguehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-03/E6-15-01-03-TXT.aspx#2._Earthhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-03/E6-15-01-03-TXT.aspx#3._The_Moonhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-03/E6-15-01-03-TXT.aspx#4._Earth_from_Spacehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-04/E6-15-01-04-TXT.aspx#2. Landscape Changes in the Fluvial Cyclehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-04/E6-15-01-04-TXT.aspx#3. Landscape Changes in the Glacial Cyclehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-04/E6-15-01-04-TXT.aspx#4. Periglacial and Aeolian Processeshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-04/E6-15-01-04-TXT.aspx#5. Landscape, Energy, Climate, and Other Planetshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-05/E6-15-01-05-TXT.aspx#2. The Scale of the Threat from Geological Hazardshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-05/E6-15-01-05-TXT.aspx#3. Geological Hazardshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-01/E6-15-01-05/E6-15-01-05-TXT.aspx#4. The Futurehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-TXT.aspx#2. The Theory of Plate Tectonicshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-TXT.aspx#3. The Description of Geodynamic Processeshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-TXT.aspx#4. Important Concepts in Geodynamics and Tectonicshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-TXT.aspx#5. Outlook and Perspectiveshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#2._S-point_dynamicshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#3._Effect_of_crustal_rheologyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#4._Effect_of_erosionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#5._Different_types_of_mantle_shorteninghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#6._Comparison_with_the_indenter_mode_of_continental_collisionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#7._Variations_around_the_S-pointhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#8._Geological_predictionshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-01/E6-15-02-01-TXT.aspx#9._Application_to_various_orogenshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-02/E6-15-02-02-TXT.aspx#The Earths compositionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-02/E6-15-02-02-TXT.aspx#Age and Magnetization of the Earths Crusthttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-02/E6-15-02-02-TXT.aspx#Plateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-02/E6-15-02-02-TXT.aspx#Geometric Constraintshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-02/E6-15-02-02-TXT.aspx#Plate Boundarieshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-02/E6-15-02-02-TXT.aspx#Hot Spotshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-03/E6-15-02-03-TXT.aspx#1. Natural deformation of rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-03/E6-15-02-03-TXT.aspx#2. The mechanical problemhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-03/E6-15-02-03-TXT.aspx#2. Constitutive laws for rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-03/E6-15-02-03-TXT.aspx#3. Predicting rock strength under natural conditions: Problems and future directionshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-04/E6-15-02-04-TXT.aspx#1._The_age_equations_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-04/E6-15-02-04-TXT.aspx#2._Isotope_ratios_and_isochrons__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-04/E6-15-02-04-TXT.aspx#3._Dating_metamorphic_rocks__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-04/E6-15-02-04-TXT.aspx#4._Summary_of_dating_methods__


STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Stress and Strain Geometry Kinematics Dynamics Tectonic Modeling Outlook

NEOTECTONICS Neotectonics as an integral part of geosciences Neotectonic movements and climate patterns Remote sensing methods Structural field studies Geophysical investigations Morphotectonics and Tectonic Geomorphology Paleoseismology Archeoseismology Geodesy Numerical modeling

IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY The Magmatic Process The Metamorphic Process Relationship Between Petrogenesis and Geodynamics Petrogenesis and Life Historical Perspective and Future Developments of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

OCCURRENCE, TEXTURE, AND CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS Mode of Occurrence of Igneous Rocks Texture of Igneous Rocks Classification and Nomenclature of Igneous Rocks

THE MANTLE AND ITS PRODUCTS The Layered Earth Mineralogy and Chemical Composition of the Mantle Volatiles in the Mantle Melting in the Mantle Primary Melts from the Mantle Mantle Components Mantle Metasomatism Noble Gases in the Mantle Pollution of the Mantle

PROCESSES OF MAGMA EVOLUTION AND MAGMATIC SUITES Melting in Earths Mantle Magma Chambers Magma Differentiation Trends Development of Thought and Future Avenues

ROLE OF FLUIDS IN IGNEOUS PETROGENESIS Magmatic Fluids Remnants of Magmatic Fluids in Igneous Rocks: Melt and Fluid Inclusions in Minerals Origin of Magmatic Fluids: Earth Degassing and Recycling Modeling Magmatic Fluids Influence of Magmatic Fluids on Geological Phenomena

ORIGIN, TEXTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS Occurrence Classification Minerals of Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Facies Tectonic Setting of Metamorphic Facies

5

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-05/E6-15-02-05-TXT.aspx#2._Stress_and_Strain_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-05/E6-15-02-05-TXT-03.aspx#3._Geometry_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-05/E6-15-02-05-TXT-04.aspx#4._Kinematics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-05/E6-15-02-05-TXT-05.aspx#5._Dynamics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-05/E6-15-02-05-TXT-05.aspx#6._Tectonic_Modeling__http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-05/E6-15-02-05-TXT-06.aspx#7._Outlook_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#1._Neotectonics_as_An_Integral_Part_of_Geosciences_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#10._Neotectonic_Movements_and_Climate_Patterns_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#2._Remote_Sensing_Methods_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#3._Structural_Field_Studies_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#4._Geophysical_Investigations_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#5._Morphotectonics_and_Tectonic_Geomorphology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#6._Paleoseismology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#7._Archeoseismology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#8._Geodesy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-02/E6-15-02-06/E6-15-02-06-TXT.aspx#9._Numerical_Modeling_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-TXT.aspx#2. The Magmatic Processhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-TXT.aspx#3. The Metamorphic Processhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-TXT.aspx#4. Relationship Between Petrogenesis and Geodynamicshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-TXT.aspx#5. Petrogenesis and Lifehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-TXT.aspx#6. Historical Perspective and Future Developments of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrologyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-02/E6-15-03-02-TXT.aspx#2._Mode_of_Occurrence_of_Igneous_Rocks_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-02/E6-15-03-02-TXT.aspx#3._Texture_of_Igneous_Rocks_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-02/E6-15-03-02-TXT.aspx#4._Classification_and_Nomenclature_of_Igneous_Rocks_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#1. The Layered Earthhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#2. Mineralogy and Chemical Composition of the Mantlehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#3. Volatiles in the Mantlehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#4. Melting of the Mantlehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#5. Primary Melts from the Mantlehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#6. Mantle Componentshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#7. Mantle Metasomatismhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#8. Noble Gases in the Mantlehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-03/E6-15-03-03-TXT.aspx#9. Pollution of the Mantlehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-04/E6-15-03-04-TXT.aspx#2. Melting in Earths Mantlehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-04/E6-15-03-04-TXT.aspx#3. Magma Chambershttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-04/E6-15-03-04-TXT.aspx#4. Magma Differentiation Trendshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-04/E6-15-03-04-TXT.aspx#5. Development of Thought and Future Avenueshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-05/E6-15-03-05-TXT.aspx#2. Magmatic Fluidshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-05/E6-15-03-05-TXT.aspx#3. Remnants of Magmatic Fluids in Igneous Rocks: Melt and Fluid Inclusions in Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-05/E6-15-03-05-TXT.aspx#4. Origin of Magmatic Fluids: Earth Degassing and Recyclinghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-05/E6-15-03-05-TXT.aspx#5. Modeling Magmatic Fluidshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-05/E6-15-03-05-TXT.aspx#6. Influence of Magmatic Fluids on Geological Phenomenahttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-07/E6-15-03-07-TXT.aspx#2. Occurrencehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-07/E6-15-03-07-TXT.aspx#3. Classificationhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-07/E6-15-03-07-TXT.aspx#4. Minerals of Metamorphic Rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-07/E6-15-03-07-TXT.aspx#5. Metamorphic Facieshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-07/E6-15-03-07-TXT.aspx#6. Tectonic Setting of Metamorphic Facies


Textures Kinetics

PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, FLUID PRESSURE CONDITIONS OF METAMORPHISM General Features of Metamorphism Temperature Pressure Variations of Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages in Dependence of Pressure and Temperature Role of the Fluid Phase During Metamorphism Trends in Metamorphic Petrology

ULTRAMETAMORPHISM AND CRUSTAL ANATEXIS Ultrametamorphic Facies: a Brief Summary Anatexis and Migmatites: Where and When? Geometry of Partial Melting: Mobility and Fate of Crustal Liquids Geodynamic Settings: Anatexis Under Compressional and Extensional Regimes

BEHAVIOR OF TRACE ELEMENTS DURING MAGMA GENESIS AND EVOLUTION Geochemical Modeling using Trace Elements Trace Elements as Discriminants of Tectonic Settings of Igneous Rocks Future Perspectives of Trace-Element Studies: In-Situ Microanalysis

APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPES TO IGNEOUS PETROGENESIS Radiogenic Isotope Systems Cosmogenic Nuclides Stable Isotopes Applications of Isotopes to Igneous Petrogenesis Recent Advances and Future Applications of Isotopes to Igneous Petrogenesis

MANTLE DYNAMICS AND PLATE KINEMATICS Plate Kinematics versus Mantle Dynamics Techniques to Sample the Interior of the Earth Seismic Tomography Changes in Earth’s Gravity Field and their Implications for Mantle Dynamics Dynamic Structure of the Mantle and Ice Loss in Antarctica and Greenland How the Rheology of the Mantle Impacts the Style of Subduction Plate Kinematics The Hot Spot Reference Frame and the Westward Drift of the Lithosphere Plate Boundaries

SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY Sedimentary Rocks Facies, Facies Models, and Depositional Environments Sequence Stratigraphy: a Dynamic View of the Sedimentary Record Stratigraphy: Reconstructing the Earth’s History Sedimentary Geology and Paleontology The Future of Sedimentary Geology

SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Historical Perspective Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Environmental Significance of Sedimentary Rocks

STRATIGRAPHY AND RELATIVE CHRONOLOGY Introduction: Stratigraphy, Sedimentation, and Geologic Time The Stratigraphic Record and its Significance Principles of Stratigraphy, Relative Geochronology, and Sedimentary Dynamics Event and Cyclostratigraphy and Relative Geochronology

GLOBAL SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY The Record of Changing Environments Continental Deposits Coasts, Barriers, and Shallow Seas Slopes and Deep Oceans

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http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-07/E6-15-03-07-TXT.aspx#7. Textureshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-07/E6-15-03-07-TXT.aspx#8. Kineticshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-08/E6-15-03-08-TXT.aspx#2. General Features of Metamorphismhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-08/E6-15-03-08-TXT.aspx#3. Temperaturehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-08/E6-15-03-08-TXT.aspx#4. Pressurehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-08/E6-15-03-08-TXT.aspx#5. Variations of Metamhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-08/E6-15-03-08-TXT.aspx#6. Role of the Fluid Phase During Metamorphismhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-08/E6-15-03-08-TXT.aspx#7. Trends in Metamorphic Petrologyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-09/E6-15-03-09-TXT.aspx#2. Ultrametamorphic Facies: A Brief Summaryhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-09/E6-15-03-09-TXT.aspx#3. Anatexis and Migmatites: Where and Whenhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-09/E6-15-03-09-TXT.aspx#4. Geometry of Pahttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-09/E6-15-03-09-TXT.aspx#5. Geodynamic Settingshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-11/E6-15-03-11-TXT.aspx#2. Geochemical Modeling Using Trace Elementshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-11/E6-15-03-11-TXT.aspx#3. Trace Elements as Discriminants of Tectonic Settings of Igneous Rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-11/E6-15-03-11-TXT.aspx#4. Future Perspectives of Trace-Element Studies: In-Situ Microanalysishttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-12/E6-15-03-12-TXT.aspx#2._Radiogenic_Isotope_Systems_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-12/E6-15-03-12-TXT-02.aspx#3._Cosmogenic_Nuclides_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-12/E6-15-03-12-TXT-02.aspx#4._Stable_Isotopes_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-12/E6-15-03-12-TXT-03.aspx#5._Applications_of_Isotopes_to_Igneous_Petrogenesis_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-12/E6-15-03-12-TXT-03.aspx#6._Recent_Advances_and_Future_Applications_of_Isotopes_to_Igneous_Petrogenesis_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#10._Plate_Kinematics_versus_Mantle_Dynamics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#2._Techniques_to_Sample_the_Interior_of_the_Earth_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#3._Seismic_Tomography_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#4._Changes_in_Earth�s_Gravity_Field_and_their_Implications_for_Mantle_Dynamics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#5._Dynamic_Structure_of_the_Mantle_and_Ice_Loss_in_Antarctica_and_Greenland_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#6._How_the_Rheology_of_the_Mantle_Impacts_the_Style_of_Subduction_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#7._Plate_Kinematics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#8._The_Hot-Spot_Reference_Frame_and_the_Westward_Drift_of_the_Lithosphere_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-03/E6-15-03-13/E6-15-03-13-TXT.aspx#9._Plate_Boundaries_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-TXT.aspx#2._Sedimentary_Rocks_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-TXT.aspx#3._Facies,_Facies_Models,_and_Depositional_Environments_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-TXT.aspx#4._Sequence_Stratigraphy:_a_Dynamic_View_of_the_Sedimentary_Record_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-TXT.aspx#5._Stratigraphy:_Reconstructing_Earth_History_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-TXT.aspx#6._Sedimentary_Geology_and_Paleontology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-TXT.aspx#7._The_Future_of_Sedimentary_Geology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-01/E6-15-04-01-TXT.aspx#2. Historical Perspectivehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-01/E6-15-04-01-TXT.aspx#3. Classification of Sedimentary Rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-01/E6-15-04-01-TXT.aspx#4. Environmental Significance of Sedimentary Rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-02/E6-15-04-02-TXT.aspx#1. Introduction: Stratigraphy, Sedimentation, and Geologic Timehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-02/E6-15-04-02-TXT.aspx#2. The Stratigraphic Record and its Significancehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-02/E6-15-04-02-TXT.aspx#3. Principles of Stratigraphy, Relative Geochronology, and Sedimentary Dynamicshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-02/E6-15-04-02-TXT.aspx#4. Event and Cyclostratigraphy and Relative Geochronologyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-03/E6-15-04-03-TXT.aspx#1. The Record of Changing Environmentshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-03/E6-15-04-03-TXT.aspx#2. Continental Depositshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-03/E6-15-04-03-TXT.aspx#3. Coasts, Barriers, and Shallow Seashttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-03/E6-15-04-03-TXT.aspx#4. Slopes and Deep Oceans


Economic and Environmental Importance

EVOLUTIONARY PALEONTOLOGY What is Evolutionary Paleontology? Historical Perspective Main Research Topics of Evolutionary Paleontology Outlook

INTRODUCTION TO THE MINERALOGICAL SCIENCES Introduction to Minerals and Mineralogy Mineralogy and the Environment Introduction to the Mineralogical Sciences The Rock-Forming Minerals of Earth: from the Crust to the Core Methods in the Mineralogical Sciences Modern Developments in the Mineralogical Sciences Fields in the Mineralogical Sciences Mineralogy and the Earth Sciences: The Connection Between Minerals and Rocks The Mineralogical Sciences and the Industrial Society History Through the Eyes of a Mineralogist: Archeometry

THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MINERALS Symmetry Elements Periodicity Crystal Systems and Point groups Translation Lattices Translation Groups ( line-, plane- and space groups) Defects, Quasi-periodic and Aperiodic Structures Crystal Chemistry The Crystal Structures

MODERN XRD METHODS IN MINERALOGY Crystal Structure Refinement Powder Diffraction in Non-ambient Conditions Texture, Stress, and Microdiffraction The Diffraction of X-rays The Generation of the Primary Beam Single Crystal Methods Powder Diffraction The Position of a Bragg Reflection The Intensity of a Bragg Reflection The Profile of a Bragg Reflection Crystal Structure Solution

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MINERALS Bulk (Non-Position-Sensitive) Methods Beam (Position-Sensitive) Methods

THERMODYNAMICS OF MINERALS AND MINERAL REACTIONS Measurement of Thermodynamic Data Estimated Thermodynamic Data Compilation of Thermodynamic Data Self-Consistent Thermodynamic Data Sets Derivation of Thermodynamic Data from Natural Assemblages Thermodynamic Calculation of Univariant Phase Equilibria Application of Thermodynamic Calculation to Mineral Assemblages

EXPERIMENTAL MINERALOGY AND MINERAL PHYSICS Experimental Mineralogy Mineral Physics

ORE MINERALOGY Introduction to Ore Mineralogy Characteristic Physical Properties of Ore Minerals

7

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-03/E6-15-04-03-TXT.aspx#5. Economic and Environmental Importancehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-04/E6-15-04-04-TXT.aspx#1._What_is_Evolutionary_Paleontology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-04/E6-15-04-04-TXT.aspx#2._Historical_Perspective_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-04/E6-15-04-04-TXT.aspx#3._Main_Research_Topics_of_Evolutionary_Paleontology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-04/E6-15-04-04/E6-15-04-04-TXT.aspx#4._Outlook_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT.aspx#1._Introduction_to_Minerals_and_Mineralogy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-06.aspx#10._Mineralogy_and_the_Environment_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-02.aspx#2._Introduction_to_the_Mineralogical_Sciences_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-02.aspx#3._The_Rock-Forming_Minerals_of_Earth:_From_the_Crust_to_the_Core_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-03.aspx#4._Methods_in_the_Mineralogical_Sciences_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-04.aspx#5._Modern_Developments_in_the_Mineralogical_Sciences_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-04.aspx#6._Fields_in_the_Mineralogical_Sciences_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-05.aspx#7._Mineralogy_and_the_Earth_Sciences:_The_Connection_Between_Minerals_and_Rocks_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-05.aspx#8._The_Mineralogical_Sciences_and_the_Industrial_Society_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-TXT-06.aspx#9._History_Through_the_Eyes_of_a_Mineralogist:_Archeometry_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#2._Symmetry_Elements_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#3._Periodicity_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#4._Crystal_Systems_and_Point_groups_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#5._Translation_Lattices_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#6._Translation_Groups_(_line-,_plane-_and_space_groups)_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#7._Defects,_Quasi-periodic_and_Aperiodic_Structures_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#8._Crystal_Chemistry_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-01/E6-15-05-01-TXT.aspx#9._The_Crystal_Structures_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-08.aspx#10._Crystal_Structure_Refinementhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-09.aspx#11._Powder_Diffraction_in_Nonambient_Conditionshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-09.aspx#12._Texture,_Stress,_and_Microdiffractionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT.aspx#2._The_Diffraction_of_X-Rayshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-02.aspx#3._The_Generation_of_the_Primary_Beamhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-03.aspx#4._Single_Crystal_Methodshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-04.aspx#5._Powder_Diffractionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-04.aspx#6._The_Position_of_a_Bragg_Reflectionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-05.aspx#7._The_Intensity_of_a_Bragg_Reflectionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-06.aspx#8._The_Profile_of_a_Bragg_Reflectionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-02/E6-15-05-02-TXT-07.aspx#9._Crystal_Structure_Solutionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-03/E6-15-05-03-TXT.aspx#2. Bulk (Non-Position-Sensitive) Methodshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-03/E6-15-05-03-TXT.aspx#3. Beam (Position-Sensitive) Methodshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-04/E6-15-05-04-TXT.aspx#2._Measurement_of_Thermodynamic_Data_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-04/E6-15-05-04-TXT.aspx#3._Estimated_Thermodynamic_Data_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-04/E6-15-05-04-TXT.aspx#4._Compilation_of_Thermodynamic_Data_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-04/E6-15-05-04-TXT.aspx#5._Self-Consistent_Thermodynamic_Data_Sets_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-04/E6-15-05-04-TXT.aspx#6._Derivation_of_Thermodynamic_Data_from_Natural_Assemblages_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-04/E6-15-05-04-TXT.aspx#7._Thermodynamic_Calculation_of_Univariant_Phase_Equilibria_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-04/E6-15-05-04-TXT.aspx#8._Application_of_Thermodynamic_Calculation_to_Mineral_Assemblages_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-05/E6-15-05-05-TXT.aspx#1._Experimental_Mineralogy_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-05/E6-15-05-05-TXT-02.aspx#2._Mineral_Physics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-06/E6-15-05-06-TXT.aspx#1. Introduction to Ore Mineralogyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-06/E6-15-05-06-TXT.aspx#2. Characteristic physical properties of ore minerals


Reflected-Light Microscopy Ore Minerals Introduction to Mineral Deposits

APPLIED MINERALOGY AND THE INDUSTRIAL USE OF MINERALS The Industrial Use of Natural Non-Ore Minerals Mineralogical Materials Science and Processing

CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERAL DEPOSITS Mineral Deposits

ECONOMIC MINERALS: A REVIEW OF THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND OCCURRENCE Phosphates, Arsenates, and Vanadates Tungstates Silicates Native Elements: Class 1 Sulfides and Related Compounds Oxides Halogenides Carbonates Nitrates Borates Sulfates

IRON AND MANGANESE ORE DEPOSITS: MINERALOGY GEOCHEMISTRY, AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

Iron Ore Deposits Manganese Ore Deposits Outlook on the Twenty-First Century

CHROMITE-PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENT MAGMATIC DEPOSITS Chromium and PGE Geochemistry in Magmatic Systems Types and Geotectonic Setting of ChromitePGE Magmatic Deposits Mineral Residence of PGE in Chromitites PGE Abundance in Chromitites

GEOLOGY OF BASE METAL DEPOSITS Deposit Types and their Modes of Origin Major Sources of Base Metals

GOLD DEPOSITS Mineralogy of Gold Geochemistry of Gold Fluids in Gold Deposits Magmatic Systems Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems Alluvial or Placer Gold Deposits Witwatersrand-Type Deposits

TYPES OF NONMETALLIC ORE- MINERAL RESOURCES What are Industrial Minerals? The Geological Development of Industrial Minerals Industrial Minerals in National Economies Characteristics of Industrial Minerals Demand for Industrial Minerals Value of Industrial Minerals Future Trends in Industrial Minerals

DIAMONDS, KIMBERLITES AND LAMPROITES Kimberlites and Lamproites Distribution of Diamond Deposits and World Production The Origin of Diamond Factors of Diamond Potential Exploration and Exploitation

8

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-06/E6-15-05-06-TXT.aspx#3. Reflected-Light Microscopyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-06/E6-15-05-06-TXT.aspx#4. Ore Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-06/E6-15-05-06-TXT.aspx#5. Introduction to mineral depositshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-07/E6-15-05-07-TXT.aspx#2. The Industrial Use of Natural Non-ore Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-05/E6-15-05-07/E6-15-05-07-TXT.aspx#3. Mineralogical Materials Science and Processinghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-TXT.aspx#2. Mineral Depositshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#10. Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#11. Tungstateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#12. Silicateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#2. Native Elements: Class 1http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#3. Sulfides and Related Compoundshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#4. Oxideshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#5. Halogenideshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#6. Carbonateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#7. Nitrateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#8. Borateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-01/E6-15-06-01-TXT.aspx#9. Sulfateshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-03/E6-15-06-03-TXT.aspx#2. Iron Ore Depositshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-03/E6-15-06-03-TXT.aspx#3. Manganese Ore Depositshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-03/E6-15-06-03-TXT.aspx#4. Outlook on the Twenty-First Centuryhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-04/E6-15-06-04-TXT.aspx#2. Chromium and PGE Geochemistry in Magmatic Systemshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-04/E6-15-06-04-TXT.aspx#3. Types and Geotectonic Setting of ChromitePGE Depositshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-04/E6-15-06-04-TXT.aspx#4. Mineral Residence of PGE in Chromititeshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-04/E6-15-06-04-TXT.aspx#5. PGE Abundance in Chromititeshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-05/E6-15-06-05-TXT.aspx#2._Deposit_Types_and_their_Modes_of_Origin_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-05/E6-15-06-05-TXT.aspx#3._Major_Sources_of_Base_Metals_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-06/E6-15-06-06-TXT.aspx#2._Mineralogy_of_Gold_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-06/E6-15-06-06-TXT.aspx#3._Geochemistry_of_Gold_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-06/E6-15-06-06-TXT.aspx#4._Fluids_in_Gold_Deposits_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-06/E6-15-06-06-TXT.aspx#5._Magmatic_Systems_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-06/E6-15-06-06-TXT.aspx#6._Magmatic-Hydrothermal_Systems_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-06/E6-15-06-06-TXT.aspx#7._Alluvial_or_Placer_Gold_Deposits_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-06/E6-15-06-06-TXT.aspx#8._Witwatersrand-Type_Deposits_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-07/E6-15-06-07-TXT.aspx#2. What are Industrial Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-07/E6-15-06-07-TXT.aspx#3. The geological development of Industrial Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-07/E6-15-06-07-TXT.aspx#4. Industrial minerals in national economieshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-07/E6-15-06-07-TXT.aspx#5. Characteristics of Industrial Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-07/E6-15-06-07-TXT.aspx#6. Demand for Industrial Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-07/E6-15-06-07-TXT.aspx#7. Value of industrial mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-07/E6-15-06-07-TXT.aspx#8. Future trends in Industrial Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-08/E6-15-06-08-TXT.aspx#2._Kimberlites_and_Lamproites_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-08/E6-15-06-08-TXT.aspx#3._Distribution_of_Diamond_Deposits_and_World_Production_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-08/E6-15-06-08-TXT.aspx#4._The_Origin_of_Diamond_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-08/E6-15-06-08-TXT.aspx#5._Factors_of_Diamond_Potential_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-08/E6-15-06-08-TXT.aspx#6._Exploration_and_Exploitation_


Industrial Diamonds

MINERAL RESOURCES: NATURE'S MOST VERSATILE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM Uses of Metals and Minerals The Scale of World Demand Distribution of Mineral Resources and Reserves Mining as a Source of Supply Alternative Sources of Mineral Raw Materials Replenishment of Resources Sustainable Mining

REGIONAL GEOLOGY Introduction: Regional Geology Defined Methodology of Regional Geology Continental Tectonics Tectonic Compatibility in Regional Geology Sources for Regional Geology

GEOLOGY OF EUROPE Resources Geological and Geophysical Overview Laurentian Basement Fennosarmatia and the East European Platform Late Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Orogens Mesozoic-Tertiary Orogens Post-Variscan Sedimentary Basins Cenozoic Intraplate Magmatism Quaternary Glaciation and Periglacial Deposits

THE GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF AFRICA The Archean between 3800-2550 MA: Formation of Cratons Paleoproterozoic Growth of Archean Cratonic Blocks: the Eburnian Mesoproterozoic Continental Break-up and Growth Neoproterozoic Continental Break-up and Growth The Phanerozoic Evolution of Africa

GEOLOGY OF ASIA First-order Tectonic Units of Asia Continental Nuclei North Tarim Craton Orogenic Systems Neotectonics of Asia Quaternary Geology of Asia Economic Geology

THE GEOLOGY OF AUSTRALIA Archaean (>2500 Ma) Proterozoic Palaeozoic Mesozoic (251 to 65 Ma) Cainozoic (2500 Ma) Proterozoic Paleozoic (540 to 251 Ma) Mesozoic (251 to 65 Ma) Cenozoic (65 Ma to 1.6 Ma) Quaternary (>1.6 Ma) Geology of Mexico, Central America, and Cuba Mineral Resources

9

http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-08/E6-15-06-08-TXT.aspx#7._Industrial_Diamonds_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-09/E6-15-06-09-TXT.aspx#2._Uses_of_Metals_and_Mineralshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-09/E6-15-06-09-TXT.aspx#3._The_Scale_of_World_Demandhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-09/E6-15-06-09-TXT.aspx#4._Distribution_of_Mineral_Resources_and_Reserveshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-09/E6-15-06-09-TXT.aspx#5._Mining_as_a_Source_of_Supplyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-09/E6-15-06-09-TXT.aspx#6._Alternative_Sources_of_Mineral_Raw_Materialshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-09/E6-15-06-09-TXT.aspx#7._Replenishment_of_Resourceshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-06/E6-15-06-09/E6-15-06-09-TXT.aspx#8._Sustainable_Mininghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-TXT.aspx#1._Introduction:_Regional_Geology_Defined_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-TXT.aspx#2._Methodology_of_Regional_Geology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-TXT.aspx#3._Continental_Tectonics_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-TXT.aspx#4._Tectonic_Compatibility_in_Regional_Geology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-TXT.aspx#5._Sources_for_Regional_Geology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#10. Resourceshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#2. Geological ad Geophysical Overviewhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#3. Laurentian Basementhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#4. Fennosarmatia And The East European Platformhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#5. Late Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Orogenshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#6. Mesozoic-Tertiary Orogenshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#7. Post-Variscan Sedimentary Basinshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#8. Cenozoic Intraplate Magmatismhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-01/E6-15-07-01-TXT.aspx#9. Quaternary Glaciation and Periglacial Depositshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-02/E6-15-07-02-TXT.aspx#2. The Archean between 3800-2550 MA: Formation of Cratonshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-02/E6-15-07-02-TXT.aspx#3. Paleoproterozoic Growth of Archean Cratonic Blocks: the Eburnianhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-02/E6-15-07-02-TXT.aspx#4. Mesoproterozoic Continental Break-up and Growthhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-02/E6-15-07-02-TXT.aspx#5. Neoproterozoic Continental Break-up and Growthhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-02/E6-15-07-02-TXT.aspx#6. The Phanerozoic Evolution of Africahttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-03/E6-15-07-03-TXT.aspx#2._First-order_Tectonic_Units_of_Asia_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-03/E6-15-07-03-TXT.aspx#3._Continental_Nuclei_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-03/E6-15-07-03-TXT.aspx#4._North_Tarim_Craton_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-03/E6-15-07-03-TXT.aspx#5._Orogenic_Systems_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-03/E6-15-07-03-TXT.aspx#6._Neotectonics_of_Asia_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-03/E6-15-07-03-TXT.aspx#7._Quaternary_Geology_of_Asia_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-03/E6-15-07-03-TXT.aspx#8._Economic_Geology_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-04/E6-15-07-04-TXT.aspx#2. Archaean (2500 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-04/E6-15-07-04-TXT.aspx#3. Proterozoichttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-04/E6-15-07-04-TXT.aspx#4. Palaeozoichttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-04/E6-15-07-04-TXT.aspx#5. Mesozoic (251 - 65 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-04/E6-15-07-04-TXT.aspx#6. Cainozoic (65 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-04/E6-15-07-04-TXT.aspx#7. Mineral Resourceshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#2. Archean (2500 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#3. Proterozoic (2500 to 540 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#4. Paleozoic (540 to 251 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#5. Mesozoic (251 to 65 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#6. Cenozoic (65 Ma to 1.6 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#7. Quaternary (1.6 Ma)http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#8. Geology of Mexico, Northern Central America, and Cubahttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-05/E6-15-07-05-TXT.aspx#9. Mineral Resources


THE GEOLOGY OF SOUTH AMERICA Cratonic Regions Neoproterozoic Orogenic Systems Paleozoic Basement and Marginal Belts in Southwestern South America: Patagonia The Andes Sedimentary Basins

THE GEOLOGY OF ANTARCTICA East Antarctic Shield Pre-Ross geology and the Ross Orogeny in the Trans Antarctic Mountains Region Palaeozoic to Mesozoic Sedimentation on the East Antarctic Continent: The Beacon Supergroup and its Correlatives Mesozoic Continental Flood Basalt Magmatism in East Antarctica: the Ferrar Large Igneous Province (FLIP) West Antarctica Microplates: Configuration and Evolution Evolution of the Active Margin of West Antarctica: The Antarctic Peninsula East Antarctic/West Antarctic Connections: The Ross Sea Rift and Uplift of the TAM Glacial History: the Icing on the Geocake

COAL, OIL, AND GAS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY The Globalization of Fossil Fuels World Primary Energy Production a Measure of the Economic Health of the World The Production Life Cycle of Fossil Fuels World Coal Coal Quality and Coal Use Limitations World Oil World Natural Gas

PETROLEUM (OIL AND GAS) GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES Importance of Petroleum Origin of Petroleum Formation of Petroleum Accumulations Unconventional Petroleum Accumulations Worldwide Occurrence of Petroleum SummaryOptions for the Future

COAL GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES Introduction to the Coal Geology and the Stages of Coal Development Accumulation Phase - Review of Coal-forming Environments Burial and Preservation Diagenesis - Coalification Coal characterization Resources and Reserves How Coal is Utilized

COAL EXPLORATION AND MINING GEOLOGY Objectives of Coal Exploration Programs Background Studies for Coal Exploration Surface Geological Studies Drilling Programs Evaluation of Coal Exploration Data Geology in Coal Mining Open-cut Mining Underground Mining

METHODS OF EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES Introduction Background of the Petroleum Industry The Role of Geoscientists The Exploration and Production (E&P) Process Exploratory Drilling Phase Conventional Exploration Phase Field Development Phase

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http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-06/E6-15-07-06-TXT.aspx#2. Cratonic Regionshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-06/E6-15-07-06-TXT.aspx#3. Neoproterozoic Orogenic Systemshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-06/E6-15-07-06-TXT.aspx#4. Paleozoic Basement and Marginal Belts in Southwestern South America: Patagoniahttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-06/E6-15-07-06-TXT.aspx#5. The Andeshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-06/E6-15-07-06-TXT.aspx#6. Sedimentary Basinshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#2. East Antarctic Shieldhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#3. Pre-Ross Geology andhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#4. Palaeozoic to Mesozoic Shttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#4. Palaeozoic to Mesozoic Shttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#5. Mesozoic Continentalhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#5. Mesozoic Continentalhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#6. West Antarctica Microplates: Configuration and Evolutionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#7. Evolution of the Active Margin of West Antarctica: The Antarctic Peninsulahttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#8. East Antarctic/West Antarctic Connections: The Ross Sea Rift and Uplift of the TAMhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-07/E6-15-07-07/E6-15-07-07-TXT.aspx#9. Glacial History: The Icing on the Geocakehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-TXT.aspx#2. The Globalization of Fossil Fuelshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-TXT.aspx#3. World Primary Energy Production a Measure of the Economic Health of the Worldhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-TXT.aspx#4. The Production Life Cycle of Fossil Fuelshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-TXT.aspx#5. World Coalhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-TXT.aspx#6. Coal Quality and Coal Use Limitationshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-TXT.aspx#7. World Oilhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-TXT.aspx#8. World Natural Gashttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-01/E6-15-08-01-TXT.aspx#2. Importance of Petroleumhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-01/E6-15-08-01-TXT.aspx#3. Origin of Petroleumhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-01/E6-15-08-01-TXT.aspx#4. Formation of Petroleum Accumulationshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-01/E6-15-08-01-TXT.aspx#5. Unconventional Petroleum Accumulationshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-01/E6-15-08-01-TXT.aspx#6. Worldwide Occurrence of Petroleumhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-01/E6-15-08-01-TXT.aspx#7. Summary Options for the Futurehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-02/E6-15-08-02-TXT.aspx#1. Introduction to the Coal Geology and the Stages of Coal Developmenthttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-02/E6-15-08-02-TXT.aspx#2. Accumulation Phase - Review of Coal-forming Environmentshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-02/E6-15-08-02-TXT.aspx#3. Burial and Preservationhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-02/E6-15-08-02-TXT.aspx#4. Diagenesis - Coalificationhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-02/E6-15-08-02-TXT.aspx#5. Coal Characterizationhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-02/E6-15-08-02-TXT.aspx#6. Resources and Reserveshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-02/E6-15-08-02-TXT.aspx#7. How Coal is Utilizedhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#2._Objectives_of_Coal_Exploration_Programs_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#3._Background_Studies_for_Coal_Exploration_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#4._Surface_Geological_Studies_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#5._Drilling_Programs_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#6._Evaluation_of_Coal_Exploration_Data_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#7._Geology_in_Coal_Mining_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#8._Open-cut_Mining_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-03/E6-15-08-03-TXT.aspx#9._Underground_Mining_http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#1. Introduction - Background of the Petroleum Industryhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#2. The Role of Geoscientistshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#3. The Exploration and Production (E&P) Processhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#4. Exploratory Drilling Phasehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#5. Conventional Exploration Phasehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#6. Field Development Phase


Production Phase Unconventional Reservoirs

INTRODUCTION: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Introduction: Environmental and Engineering Geology Geohazards Soil and Water Resources Mining and the Environment Disposal of Waste Land Evaluation and Site Assessment Geology and Construction

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AND PLANNING Conservation, Restoration, and Reclamation of Land Geological Hazards and Planning Risk Assessment Hazard Maps

NATURAL HAZARDS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Volcanic Activity Earthquakes Landslides and Slope Movements River Action and Flooding Marine Action Wind Action and Arid Regions Glacial Hazards Dissolution of Rocks Gases

SOILS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Origin of soil Problem soils Soil horizons Soil fertility Pedological soil types Properties of soil Engineering soil classification Soil erosion Erosion control and conservation practices Soil surveys

WATER RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT Irrigation Reservoirs Dam Sites Groundwater Wells Safe Yield Artificial Recharge Conjunctive Use Water Quality

MINING AND THE ENVIRONMENT Mineral Dusts Subsidence Surface Mining Dredge Mining Waste Materials from Mining Acid Mine Drainage and Suspended Solids Heap Leaching Spontaneous Combustion Gases

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http://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#7. Production Phasehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-08/E6-15-08-04/E6-15-08-04-TXT.aspx#8. Unconventional Reservoirshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-TXT.aspx#1. Introduction: Environmental and Engineering Geologyhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-TXT.aspx#2. Geohazardshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-TXT.aspx#3. Soil and Water Resourceshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-TXT.aspx#4. Mining and the Environmenthttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-TXT.aspx#5. Disposal of Wastehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-TXT.aspx#6. Land Evaluation and Site Assessmenthttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-TXT.aspx#7. Geology and Constructionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-01/E6-15-09-01-TXT.aspx#2. Conservation, Restoration, and Reclamation of Landhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-01/E6-15-09-01-TXT.aspx#3. Geological Hazards and Planninghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-01/E6-15-09-01-TXT.aspx#4. Risk Assessmenthttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-01/E6-15-09-01-TXT.aspx#5. Hazard Mapshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT.aspx#1. Volcanic Activityhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-02.aspx#2. Earthquakeshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-03.aspx#3. Landslides and Slope Movementshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-04.aspx#4. River Action and Floodinghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-05.aspx#5. Marine Actionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-06.aspx#6. Wind Action and Arid Regionshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-07.aspx#7. Glacial Hazardshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-08.aspx#8. Dissolution of Rockshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-02/E6-15-09-02-TXT-09.aspx#9. Gaseshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#1. Origin of soilhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#10. Problem soilshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#2. Soil horizonshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#3. Soil fertilityhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#4. Pedological soil typeshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#5. Properties of soilhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#6. Engineering soil classificationhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#7. Soil erosionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#8. Erosion control and conservation practiceshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-03/E6-15-09-03-TXT.aspx#9. Soil surveyshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#10. Irrigationhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#2. Reservoirshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#3. Dam Siteshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#4. Groundwaterhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#5. Wellshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#6. Safe Yieldhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#7. Artificial Rechargehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#8. Conjunctive Usehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-04/E6-15-09-04-TXT.aspx#9. Water Qualityhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#10._Mineral_Dustshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#2._Subsidencehttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#3._Surface_Mininghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#4._Dredge_Mininghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#5._Waste_Materials_from_Mininghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#6._Acid_Mine_Drainage_and_Suspended_Solidshttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#7._Heap_Leachinghttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#8._Spontaneous_Combustionhttp://greenplanet.eolss.net/EolssLogn/mss/C01/E6-15/E6-15-09/E6-15-09-05/E6-15-09-05-TXT.aspx#9._Gases


WASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT Domestic Refuse and Sanitary Landfills Hazardous Wastes Radioactive Waste Waste Disposal and Contamination

LAND EVALUATION AND SITE ASSESSMENT In Situ Testing Remote Sensing Aerial Photographs and Photogeology Applied Geological Maps Geographical Information Systems Terrain Evaluation Land Capability Studies Site Investigation Geophysical Exploration

GEOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION Open Excavation Tunnels and Tunneling Shaft and Raises Underground Caverns Highways Foundations for Buildings

GROUNDWATER: PLANNING AND PROTECTION The Importance of Groundwater Basic Concepts in Hydrogeology Hydrogeological Studies Hydrogeological Maps Groundwater Exploitation

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