2019 CIO TREND REPORT€¦ · In 2019 and beyond the CIO will be asked to deliver much more: as a...

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Become a Leader in the Loop

REPORT2019 CIO TREND

Introduction

EXECUTIVE BRIEF

22019 CIO TRENDS / Info-Tech Research Group

In 2019 and beyond the CIO will be asked to deliver much more: as a business partner, a trusted technology advisor, and a key driving force in the present and future relevance of their organization. The pressure is on to become more than a supplier of services and an executor of projects.

As the business’ technological steward, the CIO must help their organization adopt emerging technologies with an eye to their long-term impact. The CIO must educate their organization about new ways to deploy existing technology, enabled by changes in the technology landscape. Finally, the CIO must help their organization grow, not just operationally, but also as a service provider that puts customers at the forefront.

Accomplish this by becoming a leader in the loop. Use Info-Tech’s approach to emerging technology to take a strategic position when it comes to trend adoption.

What is the loop?

EXECUTIVE BRIEF

OutputDigital Twin

InputUser-Facing AI

ControlBlockchain 2.0

ProcessRobotics

“The loop” describes the steps for getting from a starting point to a result. Throughout human history, objectives and operations follow “the loop.” The loop consists of four parts: input, process, control, and output. Each of these components is connected to a technology from

the CIO Trend Report 2018.

Input: The materials, commands, and data that will be used to derive

a finished product.

User-Facing AI: The automation of user and/or customer-facing tasks to decrease the burden on human

support service providers while increasing user satisfaction.

Process: The steps taken to study, synthesize, break down, and reconstruct the inputs into a finished product.

Robotics: Encompasses robotic process automation (RPA), the automation of virtual or clerical processes with software “taskbots” and robotic automation of physical tasks by machines.

Output: The result of the previous three stages presented in a way

that is actionable to the stakeholder.

Digital Twin: The creation of digital models of real-life objects using

data from sensors on the objects themselves.

Control: Ensures the right information is transferred to the right stakeholders in relation to the finished product.

Blockchain 2.0: A “distributed ledger” that removes reliance on a single master copy of a digital record by storing multiple duplications of the record on different devices.

2019 CIO TRENDS / Info-Tech Research Group 3

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/cio-trend-report-2018

EXECUTIVE BRIEF


The increased proliferation and sophistication of technology

means there are more choices than ever for your business.

Leadership in the loop is about providing stewardship in the

learning and adoption of new technologies.

Providing leadership in the loop is not easy for an IT leader. To

become a leader in the loop, the CIO must learn about

changes in the technology environment, adopt emerging

technology strategically, and grow by delivering on outcomes

– both business and human.

What is leadership in the loop?

How do you become a leader in the loop?

Focus technology adoption efforts on technologies that can stack together. Throughout history, technologies have stacked together to create new use cases that multiplied the benefits of the individual technologies. This report explores how technologies from Info-Tech’s trend report last year have combined to create new use cases.

Adopt emerging technology

Learn about technologies that will impact the business and social environment. These are shifts that change the way we deploy and use other technologies. A leader in the loop must learn about them and foresee the impact they will have. This report explores three technologies that will have profound impact on the business and social environment in the next several years.

Learn about changes in the technology environment

EXECUTIVE BRIEF


The cost of technology has exceeded its benefit when it begins to harm resilience, experience, and trust. A leader in the loop adopts new technologies based on their impact not just on business outcomes, but also on human outcomes. This report examines business and human outcomes and how they shape technological adoption.

Grow by delivering on outcomes

Digital Ethics


5G

Learn about changes in the technology environment

Dapps

Digital ethics is concerned with the social impact of digital data collection and analysis. Although regulation of consumer data is not a

new concept, recent years have seen a proliferation of unprecedented use cases that have pushed the boundaries of both existing

legislation and customer expectations.

5G is the name of the latest generation of mobile communication technology, offering improved speed,

reliability, and connectivity over its predecessor, 4G. The promise of 5G is a gateway into a fully interconnected world. No more buffering before a video loads. Instead, 5G offers the instantaneous sync of large volumes of

data and the ability to connect hundreds of thousands of users simultaneously and have them interact, in a virtual

environment, with minimal latency.

Dapps (pronounced "DEE-Apps") is an application running its back-end on a decentralized peer-to-peer network. In a traditional app, the app calls an API to grab your data from a database and displays them. In a Dapp, there is no central database. Instead data

are stored on a decentralized network of peers –such as a blockchain. On the front-end, a Dapp is no different than any application that you can download

right now.

EXECUTIVE BRIEF


Adopt emerging technology

A trend towards secure tracking of data generated in the physical world using

decentralized ledgers. By adding blockchain technology to a digital twin or sensor on a physical world object, careful and secure

tracking is enabled.

By combining the accessibility of user-facing artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin

technology, this trend allows users to see the details of a the internet of things (IoT) object.

Imagine looking at an airplane engine with your augmented reality (AR) goggles and seeing the last date of maintenance, the mileage, and the

serial number – all at a glance.

Autonomous swarms are comprised of many robots that together accomplish a task each individual robot cannot. Robot swarms can exist without blockchain. However, adding blockchain pushes the technology

past a critical threshold of security and reliability, which makes it suitable for deployment in many

currently hypothetical use cases.

Digitized Serialization

Digital World Autonomous Swarms

EXECUTIVE BRIEF


Key BusinessOutcomes

These trends have impacts on business outcomes. They have the potential to change internal processes and external positioning within industry.

Efficiency

Intelligence

Scale

The ability of the technology to use fewer resources to accomplish the same amount of output or more.

The ability of the technology to leverage organizational outputs to make processes smarter and more efficient.

The ability of the technology to quickly increase capacity.

EXECUTIVE BRIEF

Key HumanOutcomes Trust

Experience

Resilience


The extent to which the technology improves trust between parties.

The extent to which the technology improves user experience by making something easier, simpler, faster, or more fun.

The extent to which the technology helps people and the organization quickly recover when a negative event occurs, or prevents negative events altogether.

It is not enough to think about business outcomes. Leaders in the loop must also consider human outcomes: how technologies will impact the humans and societies they interact with.

EXECUTIVE BRIEF

10

How to read this report

ADOPTEmerging Technologies

LEARNChanges in Technology Environment

Description A description of the different technology environment shifts and what they entail.

Signals and Drivers

A summary of events, observed behaviors, and underlying forces that are driving these shifts.

Critical Uncertainties

A description of the key unknowns that will shape the impact of these technological shifts.

ScenarioAnalysis

An analysis of the possible outcomes of these technological changes based on the critical uncertainties.

Info-TechResources

A list of Info-Tech resources that will assist your organization in understanding these environmental changes and what they mean for your business.

Description A description of the technologies and what they can achieve.

BenefitsA summary of the benefits that could be achieved from a business and human perspective from the successful adoption of these technologies.

DependenciesA summary of the technological prerequisites needed to make adoption of the technologies more widespread.

Case Study A real-life example of how the technology is currently being applied in industry.

Info-Tech Resources

A collection of Info-Tech material that will assist your organization with understanding and adopting the emerging technologies.


EXECUTIVE BRIEF

LearnChanges in Technology Environment


Digital Ethics

Digital ethics is concerned with the social impact of digitization driven by emerging technology. It covers questions from digital data collection and analysis to consumer information privacy and algorithmic bias in AI. Although regulation of consumer data is not a new concept, recent years have seen a proliferation of unprecedented use cases that have pushed the boundaries of both existing legislation and customer expectations.

In response to increasing consumer awareness, businesses have shifted from a reactive approach to digital ethics, driven by emerging legislation, to a proactive stance aimed at addressing customer concerns directly.

Businesses are doing three things:• Finding the ethical boundary of sufficient data mining without overstepping

privacy boundaries.• Establishing a stance on digital ethics and making it public to consumers.• Ensuring compliance with existing and anticipated regulations and concerns.

As ethical considerations increasingly shape consumer spending habits, taking a stance on data ethics and privacy is shifting from a logistical consideration to a key facet of an organization's business model. IT's role in enabling the business' digital ethics strategy thus shifts from supportive to transformative.

DIGITAL ETHICS


€739 billionThe value of the European data economy by 2020Source: “Final Results of the European Data Market Study Measuring the Size and Trends of the EU Data Economy”

The Future of Data

12

Signals and Drivers

DIGITAL ETHICS


Increasing digitization is making the use of digital services all the time more necessary. In 2005 Facebook was only for college students. As we enter 2019, it has become the only way many of us keep in touch with distant friends and relatives.

Live chat is coming to the forefront as the communication channel driving the most customer satisfaction (at 73%), followed by email (61%). Non-digital media trails far behind with the phone (41%).1

As avoiding a digital footprint has become increasingly inconvenient for the consumer, awareness is rising about the fate of our digital data.

We generate more data than ever, and it is an invaluable resource for businesses. This has given rise to the data economy faster than regulation has been able to keep up with it. This unregulated, high-risk high-reward scenario of data capture has created a volatile field of consumer awareness.

Consumers appreciate the benefits data mining affords them, such as personalized product recommendations, but are often unaware of the true privacy costs, or the extent to which their data are collected. When this comes to their attention, as, for example, with the Cambridge Analytica scandal or the Equifax data breach, the reaction can be explosive, with serious consequences for the businesses involved.

This has made it impossible for businesses to remain complacent, continuing existing data handling practices until regulation demands change. Customer backlash can create serious repercussions even before any regulation is passed, and industry leaders are taking a proactive stance on digital ethics.

1.9billion

Number of users whose data is held by Facebook

Source: “Corporate Surveillance In Everyday Life. How Companies Collect, Combine, Analyze, Trade, and Use Personal Data on Billions”

820million

Number of people whose data is held by Equifax

1billion

Number of mobile users whose data is held by Oracle

1 Source: “Customer Service Benchmark”

13


DIGITAL ETHICS

14

The advent of the GDPR demonstrates the trajectory of the data economy towards stricter regulation. The outstanding question is how regulated it will become. Several aspects of data privacy regulation need to be considered. These unresolved questions will affect how future regulations mirror or differ from the GDPR:• Degree to which customer consent is needed to repurpose data.• Restrictions on how data will be stored (impacts blockchain: right to be forgotten).• Restrictions on how data can be used (impacts AI: right to explanation, repurposing of data).• Degree of compliance of subcontracted vendors/degree of expectation of responsibility for their data handling.• Geographical extent (globalization).• Customers' willingness to trade privacy for service – since regulation follows consumer sentiment, the degree to

which consumers are willing to trade in privacy will play a large role in shaping future regulation. This is an unknown because digital privacy concerns are only beginning to enter widespread awareness, and public opinion has not yet had a chance to crystallize.

Restrictiveness of Data Regulations

The way in which the above regulations will impact your business directly depends on the degree to which you deal – or may deal in the future – with customer data. Exponential growth in the AI and machine learning sectors, as well as the growing availability of these powerful data mining tools to non-experts, means that your business' data collection strategy today could expand exponentially tomorrow, changing the way you relate to data privacy regulation.

Degree of Data Collection for Your Use Case

"We can achieve

both great artificial

intelligence and

great privacy

standards. It is not

only a possibility – it

is a responsibility.”

– Tim Cook

Source: “Tim Cook Calls for US Privacy Law to Protect Citizens From Growing “Data Industrial Complex”


Opportunity: Collecting minimal customer data is itself an asset in an age of concern over privacy and digital ethics. Businesses should not miss the opportunity to leverage their position with customers by making their limited data usage transparent.

Risk: With advances in AI and the advent of the data economy, businesses that stop looking for opportunities to leverage customer data in ethical and regulation-compliant ways risk falling behind the competition.

Regulation Restrictiveness:

High

Data Collection:Low

Data Collection:High

Regulation Restrictiveness:

Low

Opportunity: Permissive regulation allows businesses to get maximum value from customer data, and businesses that are able to collect such data at scale will be the best positioned to benefit from permissive regulation.

Risk: Regulation follows consumer sentiment, and businesses pushing the edges of existing regulation could become the example that tips customer concerns over the edge, risking reputation in the process.

Scenario Analysis

DIGITAL ETHICS


Opportunity: Businesses that collect minimal data can leverage their de facto privacy orientation to build consumer relationships even (and especially) when such restrictiveness is not legally mandated. This is an opportunity for businesses to position themselves as being customer-centric by going above and beyond regulatory demands.

Risk: In an unregulated data economy, competitors will be making every possible use of customer data, and decisions to forego this should be made mindfully with a consideration of the gain to customer relationships. Keeping an eye on consumer sentiment would allow businesses to continue developing data strategy in an ethical way, staying prepared for regulatory changes down the road.

Opportunity: Businesses that are at the forefront of handling customer data in an age of high regulation will be in a position to become leaders in the privacy movement and leverage regulation compliance to cement customer relationships.

Risk: Compliance with regulation becomes more difficult and expensive with increasing potential for data collection, and the opportunity for failure is high. With more restrictive regulation, the costs of failure rise as well, and businesses will be looking at investing considerable resources into regulation compliance, or risk high fines both financially and socially.

HOW WE HELP

16

Recommendation:

Businesses that are currently not making data privacy and ethics a priority should shift orientation to do so. Digital ethics is a rising concern in the eyes of consumers and regulators alike, and the worst position to be in is to be caught unaware when regulations change.

Businesses that are well within current and future regulations, either through strict compliance or a lack of invasive data collection, should not miss the opportunity to leverage this with their customers, positioning themselves as customer-centric in the data economy.

Businesses on the cutting edge of the data economy have the most vested interest in the development of digital privacy regulations, and should therefore not miss the opportunity to get involved in the conversation. Keep up to date with national and international regulations, attend conferences, and keep an eye on recommendations put forth by future-thinking organizations such as the Institute for the Future.

Making adjustments to data practices today puts businesses in a position to become thought leaders in their field, leverage their ethical practices to build customer relationships, and be prepared for upcoming regulatory restrictions.

Existing Research: • Fast Track Your GDPR Compliance Efforts and get up to speed with current privacy

regulation. • Discover and Classify Your Data to understand the risks surrounding your customer data.• Position IT to Support and Be a Leader in Open Data Initiatives to get ahead of the game on

transparency and public trust.

DIGITAL ETHICS


Info-Tech Resources

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/fast-track-your-gdpr-compliance-efforts

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/discover-and-classify-your-data

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/position-it-to-support-and-be-a-leader-in-open-data-initiatives

5GNetworks

5G is the latest generation of mobile communication technology, offering improved speed, reliability, and connectivity over its predecessor, 4G. The promise of 5G is a gateway into a fully interconnected world. No more buffering before a video loads. Instead, 5G offers the instantaneous sync of large volumes of data and the ability to connect hundreds of thousands of users simultaneously and have them interact, in a virtual environment, with minimal latency.

5G will act as an enabling technology for any application that relies on the remote transfer of data, such as cloud computing. One of the key innovations 5G will bring is unprecedented connectivity with the cloud. With the ability to transfer huge volumes of data in an instant, users will be able to augment devices with limited computing power, such as cell phones, with computing performed in the cloud, in real time.

Beyond physical connections: 5G will also transform infrastructure. As wireless communication reaches the speeds offered by wired connectivity, the reliance on a physical connection between devices or users will decrease. This will pave the way to truly global connectivity.

5G


$326 billion

By 2025, 5G infrastructure spend is expected to exceed

Source: “The Full Impact of 5G on IT Industry Spending”

Unprecedented Connectivity

Signals and Drivers

5G


Major mobile manufacturers are gearing up to capitalize on the 5G rollout. US telecommunications providers have started building the necessary infrastructure and announced the planned deployment of 5G in select cities. And in the US, regulation is starting to be put in place around 5G infrastructure and costs.

Expanding IoT and cloud drive the need for a faster mobile network. The growing adoption of mobile broadband services requires an expanded network capable of supporting the massive amounts of data put into motion by business-to-consumer and business-to-business applications. Further, with the increasing expansion of the cloud and cloud-based computing, there is a rapidly growing need for data virtualization, as well as IoT and machine-to-machine wireless communication.

These needs are quickly outpacing the capabilities of current LTE speeds, creating an opportunity for 5G to enable faster innovation and more widespread adoption of new technologies that rely on wireless communication.

Source: “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2016–2021 White Paper”

0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Mob

ile D

ata

Traf

fic (T

B pe

r mon

th)

Total Mobile Data Traffic

18


5G

19

5G brings with it an unprecedented degree of interconnectivity, meaning that more services than ever will be sharing the same wireless network. While this can open opportunities in the IoT space, it also necessitates regulation around prioritizing critical services such as medicine, public services (e.g. self-driving taxis), and other business services. It is not yet known how this balance will be achieved, and it will vary depending on your use case.This uncertainty hinges on several considerations, including the actual technology used to enable 5G speeds and the speed and degree to which critical services come to rely on mobile communications. 5G speeds can be achieved through a number of technological means, some relying purely on existing infrastructure and others requiring the deployment of new technologies that take advantage of new spectrum bands. Depending on the route taken in your geographic location, this will result in different competition for bandwidth between public and private, as well as essential and discretionary, services. The faster essential services develop (e.g. remote surgery), the faster the 5G bandwidth will reach capacity, necessitating prioritization of services. This competition, in turn, will drive legislative considerations and may limit the kind or extent of deployment private businesses can make.

Restrictiveness of Regulation on Bandwidth Sharing

Current LTE infrastructure is not yet at its capacity for providing mobile speeds, and therefore represents the first step in a gradual 5G rollout. In most areas, this gradual rollout will pave the way to eventual infrastructure overhauls needed to take advantage of emerging mobile technology that will expand 5G capacity. The speed of this changeover for your use case will affect your degree of greenfield or brownfield development, which in turn influences the resources you need to invest in development, interoperability with other providers' solutions, and speed of adoption by consumers.

Brownfield vs Greenfield Development for Your Use Case

“Not all traffic is created

equal. In the 5G future,

mission-critical apps such

as remote surgery will have

to take priority over other

traffic. There will need to be

a regulatory regime that

allows the service provider

to create services that are

differentiated based on

user experiences.”

– Börje Ekholm, CEO,

Ericsson

Source: “Can Net Neutrality Survive 5G?”


Opportunity: Building on existing infrastructure can save on resources. A highly regulated environment means that competitors are limited in their ability to get an edge by offering vastly broader functionality.

Risk: Legislation can impose significant limits on your use of 5G, limiting the services or technology you are able to provide. Being further constrained by slow rollout of new infrastructure can further reduce the speed of development or adoption, delaying the maximum benefit of 5G for your use case.

LegislativeLimits:

High

Technological Development:Brownfield

Technological Development:

Greenfield

LegislativeLimits:

Low

Opportunity: With low restrictions from both regulation and technology, you are in a position to make transformative use of 5G, developing solutions highly customized to your use case.

Risk: Greenfield development can lead to fragmented technologies that don't integrate well into a wider IoT network. This can create hurdles in developing or complying with a common technological standard and can slow adoption by consumers.

Scenario Analysis

5G


Opportunity: Your solutions can be highly targeted to meet your use case needs while complying with legislative restrictions.

Risk: Typical greenfield issues like technological fragmentation apply. Additionally, regulations are likely to evolve over time, so not only can they limit what you are able to accomplish, but also this constraint can change over time, necessitating more custom developments to meet the changing regulations.

Opportunity: Making use of existing technology and infrastructure can save on costs and speed up adoption by consumers. Building on existing common standards can also facilitate interoperability, which increases the power of IoT networks.

Risk: Existing infrastructure can impose constraints that limit the technology's applications even when permitted by legislation. This is particularly problematic if competitors are able to develop greenfield solutions in a low-regulation environment.

21

Recommendation:

Since the benefits of 5G can be readily anticipated even before the technology is fully adopted, take this opportunity to clearly define your use case and determine where it falls in the opportunity/risk quadrants. Being aware of possible limitations in advance, such as needing to integrate legacy technology, can help you budget both resources and time more accurately.

When determining the impact of 5G speeds on your business case, consider:

• The processes and services most likely to benefit from increased speed and connectivity.

• The steps and resources required to update and expand these processes.• Possible obstacles and potential solutions for overcoming them.

Existing Research: • Modernize the Data Center With Software-Defined Infrastructure to future-proof your

business.• Learn about 5G networks and their applications in Energy and other industries through

our Premium Industry Coverage research notes.

Info-Tech Resources

5G


https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/modernize-the-data-center-with-software-defined-infrastructure

https://www.infotech.com/research/5g-networks-the-missing-link-for-smart-everything

https://www.infotech.com/research/prepare-your-transformers-for-5g-transformation

https://www.infotech.com/premium/industry-coverage

DappsDapps (pronounced "DEE-Apps") is an application running its back-end on a decentralized peer-to-peer network. In a traditional app, the app will call an API to grab data from a data base and display them. In a Dapp, a smart contract connects the front-end to a blockchain. On the front-end, a Dapp is no different than any application that you can download from the app store.Additionally, a Dapp must have all four of the following properties:

• Open source: The source code is open to the public. It operates autonomously; no entity controls it. Consensus of its users decides proposed improvements.

• Decentralized storage: The application's data and records of operation must be cryptographically stored in a public, decentralized blockchain.

• Token use: Tokens provide access to the application and provide a reward to validators of the transactions.

• Consensus mechanism: The application must follow a cryptographic algorithm acting as a proof-of-value (e.g. proof-of-work). Any and every decision within the Dapp is subject to this cryptographic algorithm, which safeguards against bad actors.

DAPPS


475%Growth in the number of Dapps built since June 2017Source: “State of the DApps: 5 Observations From Usage Data (April 2018)”

Decentralized Applications

Signals and Drivers

DAPPS


The main driver for Dapps is platform centralization. In software, the best indicator of the success of a platform is the number of developers that support it. The platform with the most and best developers will always win. In the case of Dapps, Ethereum has a significant lead on every platform in terms of developers and developer tools.

Ethereum now has an estimated developer community of ~250,000. 94 of the top 100 blockchain projects were launched on the Ethereum blockchain.

Similar to the competition between IoS and Android in the late 2000s, a larger developer base will influence the rate at which apps are developed and published. In 2018 there are 724,000 Google Play developers vs. 494,000 iOS developers. This growth in Google Play developers is also reflected in the number of apps produced.

0200,000400,000600,000800,000

1,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,0001,800,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New Apps Released Each Year

iOS Google Play

23


“It doesn’t matter if a

blockchain can do a

thousand transactions per

second or a million

transactions per second – no

single blockchain will be fast

enough to handle all the

world’s decentralized

applications on the same

chain.”

– James Martin Duffy

Source: “Ethereum Will Be the Backbone of the New Internet”

DAPPS

24

Another platform may become a hub for blockchain developers in the near future. Ethereum has competition. Its competitors are known as "Ethereum-Killers," and strive to address issues with the Ethereum platform. Currently, EOS, Cardano, and NEO are some of the platforms positioning to challenge Ethereum.

In the future, there is uncertainty as to how much platform centralization will occur. A supermajority of development could occur on one of the platforms listed above. As well, development can also become more decentralized and be spread amongst the platforms.

Platform Centralization

No matter how scalable a platform is, it will not be able to run all of the Dapps that will be created. Based on the current capabilities of platforms there will be a threshold for Dapp activity before the platform becomes overloaded. Successfully scaling Dapps transactions will require sidechains. Sidechains are an emerging mechanism that allows tokens and other digital assets from one blockchain to be securely used in a separate blockchain. The asset can be transferred back if needed. A sidechain will use a consensus mechanism that will support a high number of transactions per second (TPS) and low latency. This sidechain can process the day-to-day transactions that occur on the Dapp, whereas the main chain can store core user information and tokens of value.

For example, in a Dapp video game, the main chain will store important character data and account balances. Whereas the sidechain will record the smaller transactions that occur day-to-day in the game. The critical uncertainty remains in the number of Dapps that will populate a platform. The number of Dapps will dictate the level of scalability required to operate the Dapp on the platform and the requisite work needed to build sidechains.

Scalability


Opportunity: This allows for organizations to build their solutions onto the platform without the use of sidechains. If the correct platform is selected, this is the shortest route for the organization to create a usable Dapp that meets scalability standards.

Risk: Picking the right platform in which to invest development resources will be paramount. Furthermore, scalability may increase in the future. The organization may be caught flat-footed trying to ramp up sidechain capability if this were to occur.

Platform Centralization:

Centralized

Scalability Requirement:Low

Scalability Requirement:

High

Platform Centralization:

Decentralized

Opportunity: Ample investments will guarantee strong applications across multiple platforms, providing users with a wide array of possible options for which platforms to choose.

Risk: Dilution of resources can easily occur. Development needs to happen on multiple chains and "layer 2" content will have to be built for multiple chains. Development on different chains will require different programming skills. Maintaining the quality of the end product would be difficult.

Scenario Analysis

DAPPS


Opportunity: Picking the right blockchain platform (main chain) will allow the organization to get a head start on the competition. The organization can focus on building "layer 2" content on top of the blockchain platform such as interfaces and sidechains.

Risk: Picking the right main blockchain is paramount to success. If a chain is picked and a supermajority of development is occurring on another platform then "layer 2" development may be stunted by lack of developer talent.

Opportunity: Opportunity to develop on multiple main chains and to store most of the key data on those main chains guarantees a heighted level of security.

Risk: Low data quality can also be an issue if there is a lack of viable "join" chain vendors (e.g. Polkadot, Cosmos). These "join" chain vendors are similar to TCP/IP, which connects the different pieces of the internet together. Blockchain platforms today are not connected. Without this integration, building Dapps on multiple platforms will result in disjointed and low-quality data.

HOW WE HELP

26

Recommendation:Info-Tech recommends to consistently monitor the state of each platform in the space. Key platforms for building Dapps include Ethereum, EOS, Cardano, and NEO. This is not an exhaustive list of platforms, but a highlight of some of the top platforms that are competing for developers and market share. Info-Tech recommends your organization performs additional research on each of these platforms to understand their unique value propositions.

The blockchain technology space is fast-moving. Info-Tech recommends to first develop use cases for Dapps within your organization. This means your organization should assess if a blockchain or peer-to-peer back-end would be beneficial for existing applications in the organization. Leverage Info-Tech's research on blockchain to assess its applicability in your organization and to assist your team with developing use cases.

Existing Research: • Read the blueprint Demystify Blockchain: How Can It Bring Value to Your Organization? to

understand blockchain technology, its benefits, and whether the technology is a good fit for your organization.

• Grasp how blockchain ecosystems currently operate with The Backend of Blockchain.• Dive into Go the Extra Mile With Blockchain to explore blockchain’s disruptive potential in

the transportation and logistics industry. • Identify security and regulation issues with Understanding Regulation With Blockchain

Technology.

Info-Tech Resources

DAPPS


https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/demystify-blockchain-how-can-it-bring-value-to-your-organization

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/the-back-end-of-blockchain

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/go-the-extra-mile-with-blockchain

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/understanding-regulation-with-blockchain-technology

AdoptEmerging Technologies


Digitized Serialization

Digitized serialization is a trend toward careful, secure tracking of data generated in the physical world. It goes beyond simply recording and analyzing the data. By adding blockchain technology to the process, careful and secure tracking is enabled. Who has accessed the data, who has changed the data, and who has added data can all be discerned. This tracking capability breaks down organizational walls. Before, data could only be securely shared within organizational boundaries. With blockchain technology, data generated in the physical world can be shared with anyone that is part of the business network, without relying on high levels of pre-established trust between the parties.

Organizations may be apprehensive to share data, fearing myriad risks. By being part of the blockchain network, however, organizations can take comfort in the fact that any digital twin data they share will be enhanced by blockchain technology. Blockchain technology provides additional security, immutability, and transparency to all data shared on the network.

Digitized serialization is the combination of two trends previously discussed by Info-Tech: digital twin and blockchain. Digital twin refers to the creation of digital models of real-life objects using data from sensors on the objects themselves. Blockchain is a distributed computing principle that removes reliance on a single master copy of digital record by keeping a “distributed ledger."

“Security and trust are essential to building an ecosystem and attracting stakeholders who are set to interact with each other on a common platform.”


DIGITIZED SERIALIZATION

Source: “IoT Powered by Blockchain”

Secure Data Tracking

Removal of Intermediaries


Faster Transactions

Digitized Serialization – Business Benefits

Lower Cost of Trade

Intermediaries within a process add cost, processing time, and potential for error. By allowing the secure automation of many of these steps, blockchain greatly improves

efficiency.

Digitization of assets introduces the possibility of robotic automation, significantly increasing the speed of processing.

By securing this automation on the blockchain, digitized serialization makes it suitable for a greater range of

processes.

Secure, digital automation saves on costs by removing costly intermediaries, reducing the potential for error and the need for time consuming verification steps, and upping

the volume of transactions.


Data Integrity


Record Auditability

Digitized Serialization – Human Benefits

Peer-to-peerCollaboration

By encoding data captured by the digital twin onto the blockchain, the physical world object

can be monitored and it can be guaranteed that all the data captured are verifiable. This is

especially important for predictive maintenance modelling.

Blockchain technology provides a “certificate of trusted origin” for physical world goods that is

moved around the business network. Crypto tags can be attached to goods to provide an immutable serialization for that specific asset. When the tags

are tampered with or removed the asset can be seen as spoiled or invalid.

A mechanism that allows two or more network participants in a decentralized platform to interact with each other directly. P2P trading of digital twin data improves the

communication between parties in a business network. Transmitting production, consumption, and storage

availability data directly from the digital twin removes human error. P2P trading is a significant improvement on data sharing because of the increased trustworthiness of

data from digital twin and blockchain technology.


Digitized serialization can only be adopted if there is a willing business network, i.e. a group of businesses that would benefit from sharing their digital twin data in a more secure manner. Furthermore, to truly harness the benefit of the underlying technology in this trend, the trust in the business work must be limited. If there is already full trust, there is no compelling need to utilize blockchain technology.

In the business network, the chosen blockchain platform will need to be integrated into business processes. Furthermore, employees and/or customers will also have to be prepared for the changes the platform will usher in. Every member of the network will have to train its employees and customers on the specifics of the chosen platform. Only when every member pulls their weight will the platform yield equal information from everyone, incentivizing each member to continue to contribute.

Business network creation

Blockchain platform integration

Platform protocol selection

The right choice of platform protocol (e.g. Ethereum, EOS, NEO, Hyperledger) will be important for the partners of the network. Currently, the sharing of data works only when all of the partners are on the same platform. Furthermore, scalability will also be a major factor in selecting the right platform. Business networks should monitor updates from each protocol to keep up to date on scalability changes.


KeyDependencies

Successfully adopting digitized serialization into a business network requires a tight match between the business process to be digitized, the platform it will be moved to, and the current users’ transition to the new format.


Situation• Healthcare information is typically

stored in a variety of disparate locations. A complete record of a patient is often spread across multiple systems.

• This results in no one party having a complete picture of the patient, creating inefficiencies in the system. Issues include care providers not having the correct information when diagnosing patients and increased waiting times for both patients and staff.

Case Study

Industry:

Healthcare, Technology

32

Context

Helix3 Technologies Inc. is a healthcare technology company focused on giving consumer health, clinical, and genomic data meaningful use. Helix3 accomplishes this mission by leveraging blockchain and digital twin technology.

User data is uploaded onto Helix3's blockchain, creating a digital twin of the user. This digital twin is referred to as a Helix Twin. The Helix Twin's consolidated user data allows the user to share personalized medical information with healthcare professionals. Each party in the network (patients, medical processionals, etc.) has a unique identity on the Helix3 platform.

As members connect to the network, this allows the Helix Twin to gather all the disparate pieces of patient data into a single, comprehensive digital twin. These pieces can include medical records, genome data, health insurance information, and fitness tracking.

User data is secured with blockchain technology. This enhances the ability of the data to be shared throughout the business network. Additionally, this blockchain provides a history of access and modification to patient data, enhancing security.

Helix3 outlines numerous use cases. One example involves longitudinal records. A longitudinal record is a patient's history of treatment and/or illnesses. Currently, 54% patients go to their primary health clinician when there is an issue. This results in other physicians not having a complete record of patient treatment history, which slows down the treatment process. With the Helix3 app, patient longitudinal data is uploaded and added to the Helix Twin, controlled by the patient, and accessible to healthcare providers in a timely manner.



Source: “Creating a Value-Base Healthcare System through Goal Achievement, Transparency, Security & Automation”

HOW WE HELP

33

Recommendation:Various blockchain organizations (e.g. Aion, Cosmos, Polkadot) offer solutions to merge together data from different blockchain platforms. Similar to what the TCP/IP protocol did for the internet, these blockchain organizations are looking to connect the separate platforms. Business networks should continue to monitor developments in this area. Adoption of these solutions could allow different partners in the network to use different platforms, enhancing adoption by allowing organizations to work on platforms where they have the most familiarity. Platform differentiation, therefore, will be a great advantage to organizations that are able to harness it first.

Existing Research: • Review the CIO Trend Report 2018 to get an overview of digital twin and blockchain

trends. • Read the blueprint Double Your Organization's Effectiveness With a Digital Twin to gain

additional background knowledge on digital twin technology. • Explore the blueprint Demystify Blockchain: How Can It Bring Value to Your Organization? to

understand blockchain technology, its benefits, and whether the technology is a good fit for your organization.

Info-Tech Resources




https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/double-your-organization-s-effectiveness-with-a-digital-twin


Digital World

Imagine a world where it is commonplace to put on your AR and/or mixed reality (MR) goggles and watch the room come to life with information. Imagine an environment where every IoT object has its most relevant details selected and displayed for you using AI. When a mechanic looks at an airplane engine with AR goggles, imagine having the last date of maintenance, the mileage, and the serial number all available at a glance.

Digital world is a trend that combines two previous trends discussed by Info-Tech: user-facing AI and digital twin.

User-Facing AI is the simplification and/or removal of user interfaces. Think of how Siri and AR goggles remove traditional interfaces such as a screen, keyboard, and mouse. Digital twin is the creation of digital models of real-life objects using data from sensors on the real-life objects themselves.

By combining user-facing AI and digital twin technology, this trend will allow users to see into the data collected from sensors on physical objects just as easily as they can see the world around them.

DIGITAL WORLD


“Having the opportunity to do video calls and share the visual data among workers reduces the error factor by 200%.”

– Apiumhub

Source: “Daqri Smart Helmet — VR & AR for 4.0 Industry”

Immersive Analytics

Intuitive Data


Faster Decision Making

Digital World – Business Benefits

Prescriptive Analytics

AR/Virtual reality (VR) provides a digital overlay that can be adjusted to pair with the

physical asset. Imagine looking at a physical asset and having its KPIs show up

in front of your eyes. Presenting data intuitively means it is more readily used for

the analytics that power your business.

Insights reach you within your workflow, which speeds up decision making. Access to data directly, with minimal need for intermediate steps, further reduces the potential for error

and improves the quality of the analysis.

An AR headset is not just another set of gauges. Powered by AI, it not only shows,

but also alerts. The AI in user-facing AI adds value by highlighting anomalous data and strategically prompting action where it is

needed first.

DIGITAL WORLD

Removal of Barriers


User Mobility

Digital World – Human Benefits

Synced Visualization

Presenting data intuitively means data can be accessed faster, more easily, and by

more people. Having data digitally accessible within a virtual world makes it

available for tele-collaboration.

Mobility provides the user with hands-free operability, enabling freedom of movement.

The user is not tethered to computer screens. Instead, they are unencumbered and can perform a wider array of actions while still

receiving critical data.

The concept of "You see what I see“ becomes a reality. It enhances the user's ability to describe situations and issues

with the physical asset to anyone they are collaborating with.

DIGITAL WORLD

DIGITAL WORLD

Too much information on a visual interface (e.g. a computer screen) can obstruct important data. The same will apply on a VR/AR screen. The organization must decide what information will be prioritized when the AR/VR sightline is placed over a physical world object.

Currently, there are multiple interfaces through which users can access IoT and digital twin data. An individual may use a fitness tracker, a smart car, a smart thermostat, and a computer screen. Each type of information is presented in a tailored medium. Even as an AR interface seeks to integrate multiple kinds of information in a single presentation, we must identify the best way to handle the variety of information. The benefits of the intuitive interfaces offered by digital world technology can only be realized when the method of presentation matches the information identified as most important.

Visual clutter

Suitability of interfaces

Integration with existing infrastructure

Today, users have to interface with digital twin data mostly through a laptop or desktop. Constructing APIs and customized applications between the new mobile medium and the existing IoT sensors of the physical asset will be paramount to adoption. Likewise, current and future connectivity capabilities must be considered, as we increase our reliance on the fast transfer of massive amounts of data.

KeyDependencies

The three major dependencies underlying the mainstream adoption of digital world concern improving the human-computer interactions associated with attaining a truly seamless AR experience.


Situation• The maintenance and preparation of

racing bikes is a complex process. There are many components to check and monitor.

• Mechanics have to manually check a list of components in preparation for the race and during the race.

• A misstep could cost the race or endanger the racer.

Case Study

Industry:

Motorsport, Technology

DIGITAL WORLD

38

Sources: “Aprilia Introduce Augmented Reality to the Paddock at Misano;” Realmore, “Aprilia Racing;” and “DAQRI Smart Helmet: A Deep Dive”


Context

Aprilia Racing, an Italian motorcycle company, has commissioned Realmore, a vendor of AR and VR related content, to develop a software that can connect the DAQRI Smart Helmet to sensor data in its motorcycles. This capability assists the mechanics and engineers that maintain the Aprilia motorcycles during races.

The DAQRI Smart Helmet is an AR helmet. When content enters the helmet's camera, the previously designed AR renderings will appear. By looking at a motorcycle with the DAQRI Smart Helmet the mechanic will be able to visualize the bike’s real-time KPIs, such as water temperature, oil, and tire pressure. By relaying these data to the mechanic and engineer in an intuitive, simple, and hands-off way, the technology provides them with the tools and mobility to quickly make adjustments to the bike.

Furthermore, the software developed by Realmore provides a 3D rendering of the bike. Through this 3D rendering, mechanics are able to visualize wear and tear on critical parts. This allows them to make fast adjustments based on real-time data.

HOW WE HELP

39

Recommendation:

Much of what has been done with AR applications is currently in the proof-of-concept stage. Much of what is seen in demos only works under limited conditions. There are currently a few players on the hardware side (e.g. DAQRI, Vuzix, RealWear, HoloLens, and Magic Leap), and organizations looking to capitalize on digital world technology should consider keeping up with the developments and up-and-coming players in this space.

What organizations can do now to familiarize their workforce with AR content would be using AR to provide training and instructional content. Short, instructional visual overlays can be rendered on AR hardware with a higher degree of stability compared to other use cases.

Existing Research:

• Learn more about immersive UX such as AR and VR in the CIO Trend Report 2017. • Review the CIO Trend Report 2018 to get an overview on digital twin and user-facing AI

trends. • Read the blueprint Double Your Organization's Effectiveness With a Digital Twin to gain

additional background knowledge on digital twin technology. • Understand how AR technology will bring value to your organization with Activate Your

Augmented Reality Initiative.

Info-Tech Resources

DIGITAL WORLD




https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/double-your-organization-s-effectiveness-with-a-digital-twin

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/activate-your-augmented-reality-initiative

Autonomous Swarms

Flocks of birds, schools of fish, swarms of insects, and now... swarms of robots. Inspired by their biological counterparts, robot swarms are comprised of many individual robots that together accomplish a task each individual robot alone cannot. Not to be confused with collaborative robotics (several robots working together towards a common goal), swarm robotics is characterized by several additional properties:

• They are homogenous – made up of multiple copies of the same type of robot.• Each robot is governed by simple rules in relation to the complexity of the end

goal.• They work together in parallel – all robots are simultaneously and independently

working towards the end goal, rather than working as an assembly line where some robots wait for others to finish.

Robot swarms can exist without blockchain. But combining blockchain technology with swarm robotics pushes autonomous swarms past a critical threshold of security and reliability, which makes them suitable for deployment in many currently hypothetical use cases.


$52.3 billion

By 2025, the unmanned aerial vehicle market is expected to reach

Source: “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Market Worth 52.30 Billion USD by 2025”

with highest CAGR in the civil and commercial segment

AUTONOMOUS SWARMS

Group Robotics

Scale


Decentralized Decision Making

Autonomous Swarms – Business Benefits

ConsistentResults

Every agent within a robotic swarm is designed to act autonomously, with the overall swarm

behavior emerging organically as a consequence of these individual tasks. This

makes it simple to increase or decrease swarm size simply by adding or removing agents: because each agent’s low-level tasks don’t

change, there is no need for reprogramming.

Blockchain technology provides a mechanism for multiple robotic agents to reach consensus without the need for a central authority. By

providing a way to engage in a "voting" decision-making process, the blockchain enables the robots

to reach consensus without putting their trust in any single party. This makes the swarm more

resilient and simplifies the job of a human controller.

The blockchain enables swarms to perform their jobs more robustly, with less potential

for error and malicious interference. This leads to more consistent and dependable

results for businesses.

AUTONOMOUS SWARMS

Dangerous Situation Avoidance


Resistance to Hacking

Autonomous Swarms – Human Benefits

Error Avoidance

Robot swarms are very well suited to take over dangerous or undesirable jobs. Landmine

detection, dangerous machinery maintenance, and city cleanup are just some examples of jobs

that can be automated to greatly improve the quality of life of the people currently performing

them.

In applications where robots are in close proximity to humans, and the potential for data collection is high, data security becomes especially important. The resistance to malicious attacks afforded by

blockchain means greater security for the people whose data robotic swarms may be handling.

Consistency and dependability are the natural benefits that arise from the

decision-making and auditability possibilities blockchain opens for robotic

swarms. For humans, this means less worry about errors in handling tasks such

as pesticide use in crops.

AUTONOMOUS SWARMS

AUTONOMOUS SWARMS

As swarms grow larger, the question of how to monitor and control so many agents becomes more pressing. As we entrust more of the robots’ operation to algorithmic decision making, we must be clear on the underlying safety and privacy assumptions, definitions of “harm,” and the robots’ role in protecting human interests.

Human cognitive processing limits, coupled with the large number of agents in typical robotic swarms, necessitate some degree of algorithmic automation. The key considerations becomes which aspects of the swarm’s operation to leave up to the algorithm and which factors to keep under human surveillance. Define the rules that govern autonomous behavior with an eye to difficult cases.

Autonomy’s guiding principles

Readiness for automation

Regulation of collected data

With increasing automation comes the collection of staggering amounts of data. Most of the civilian use cases, such as robotic food delivery, or even street cleanup, have the potential to collect human data, either through necessity, such as recording a delivery address, or by accident, such as capturing a passer-by in a robot’s vision. The potential for privacy violations and their prevention must be a key consideration in the development of any swarm robotics strategy.

KeyDependenciesAutonomous swarms raise new considerations for businesses looking to capitalize on the technology.

Increasing autonomy and ballooning data collection mean businesses must clearly define the rules guiding robotic decision making regarding data privacy and human safety.


Situation• Traditional farming automation

strategies take a sweeping approach. Large machines prune, harvest, and fertilize large areas of crop at a time.

• Precision farming is an emerging movement in agriculture that aims to reduce cost and improve efficiency by targeting treatments such as pesticide administration only to the plants that need them.

• Autonomous swarm robotics is enabling this shift by deploying a larger number of smaller robots to perform a series of targeted tasks in place of a single overall approach.

Case StudyIndustry:

Agriculture

AUTONOMOUS SWARMS

44

Sources: “SwarmFarm Partner with Bosch to Commercially Release the SwarmBot;” “SwarmFarm and Adama Australia Collaboration;” and “SwarmFarming Gains Momentum”

Context

In Australia, a company is developing a farming approach using swarm robotics that is targeted rather than sweeping: using multiple autonomous machines, much smaller than traditional farming machinery, to perform targeted actions, such as administering pesticides only where they are needed. Where the old approach was to take a large tractor, capable of spraying several rows of crops with pesticide simultaneously, the smaller robots use AI to roam the field, identify weeds, and spray only them, leaving crops intact. This has resulted in gains in efficiency and consistency that exceed those of the traditional approach.

SwarmFarm’s robots have been adapted to other applications, including irrigation, planting, weeding, and harvesting. In all cases, a more targeted approach means greater precision and economy of resources. Pesticide and fertilizer can be applied more sparingly, and planting and harvesting can be done with individual attention to each plant, an impossible task with large-scale machinery. The new approach is aimed to produce greater yields at reduced cost while raising the quality of the crop.

Several robots have been under development and testing on SwarmFarm land. SwarmFarm has garnered support through government funding, and partnered with PWC Australia, Adama Australia, Bosch, and other sponsors to bring the robots to market.


HOW WE HELP

45

Recommendation:Consider: do you have a use case? Autonomous swarm robotics is a powerful solution primarily for problems that are amenable to a distributed approach. If you have a use case, how important are the dependencies to it? Because swarm robotics applies to a wide variety of use cases, the key considerations will be different for each. For example, data privacy may not be as important for farming as for city surveillance.

Identify the critical uncertainties for your industry and learn about the current cutting edge solutions. Look for opportunities to partner with technology developers as early adopters to have a hand in shaping the development of the technology for your use case.

Existing Research:

• Read the CIO Trend Report 2018 to get an overview of the robotics and blockchain trends.

• Read the blueprint Integrate Artificial Intelligence Into Your Manufacturing Operations to understand how AI can be applied to real-world business cases.

• Explore the blueprint Demystify Blockchain: How Can It Bring Value to Your Organization? to understand blockchain technology and the benefits it brings.

Info-Tech Resources

AUTONOMOUS SWARMS



https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/integrate-artificial-intelligence-into-your-manufacturing-operations



Technological stewardship is an ever-evolving task, but you

don't have to stand alone. Follow Info-Tech's learn-adopt-grow

framework to confidently tackle this new challenge in

technological leadership.

Establish a solid foundational understanding to adopt the

current most impactful technologies; learn about changes in

the technological environment to innovate thoughtfully; and

grow in your capacity as business partner by balancing the

business and human impacts of new technologies.

Become a leader in the loop

HOW WE HELP


Learn

Establish a set of dedicated programs based on emerging technology use cases.

Adopt

Grow

• Analyze shifts in the technology landscape with strategic foresight.

• Read Info-Tech’s Trends and Predictions to keep up to date with new technological developments.

• Leverage our emerging technology blueprints for executive presentations, use cases, vendor analysis, and recommendations for AI, blockchain, digital twin, RPA, IoT, and AR/VR.

• Make better IT decisions with comprehensive Software Reviews.

• Access industry research notes, business reference architectures, and benchmarking data as part of our Premium Industry Coverage.

Lead the discussion on human benefits by first demonstrating deep business and industry expertise.

Analyze emerging changes in the technology environment.Learn,

Adopt, and GrowUse Info-Tech's resources

to support you on your

journey to becoming a

leader in the loop.

HOW WE HELP

https://www.infotech.com/research/ss/apply-strategic-foresight-to-enable-it-led-growth

https://www.infotech.com/browse/trends-and-predictions

https://www.infotech.com/software-reviews/

https://www.infotech.com/premium/industry-coverage

Research Contributors

CONTRIBUTORS


Iyke Aru, Crypto Educator and Project Advisor

Iyke is a leading crypto educator and project advisor based in Africa.

Burkhard is a business consulting leader with a track record in initiating and leading global business, digital and IT strategy, and transformation and innovation programs, mostly for leading Fortune 500 firms. Since 2015, Burkhard has been focusing on blockchain innovation primarily in the manufacturing, consumer products, telco, and logistics sectors with a specific focus on the digital twin on blockchain. He has authored multiple publications on digital transformation and blockchain innovation, is a frequent speaker on these subjects, and an expert advisor on blockchain to the European Commission, for which he supported a project to develop a speculative prototype for a digital twin on blockchain in advanced manufacturing.

Burkhard Blechschmidt, Head of Digital StrategyCognizant Consulting


CONTRIBUTORS


Eduardo Castello Ferrer, Postdoctoral FellowMIT Media Lab

Eduardo is an MIT postdoctoral researcher specializing in robotics. He is currently conducting research and participating in projects on swarm robotics and blockchain technologies.

Francesco Corea, Tech Investor and Complexity Scientist

Francesco is a post-doc educated professional with expertise in AI and complexity science, now turned tech investor looking at deep technology companies. Author of dozens of academic papers and four books, he writes in publications such as Medium and Forbes on how AI interacts with other technologies or could be applied to specific industries. A fellow in big data and high-performance computing at UCLA and former Anthemis fellow, he often speaks at international events and advises early-stage AI companies.


CONTRIBUTORS


Horizon Communications is an internet service provider in the Caribbean.

Gilbert A. Darrell, FounderHorizon Communications

Tannya is a techno-optimist who is passionate about carving out an exciting future based on advances in exponential technologies. She has worked with a variety of organizations in Boston, Washington D.C., and Dubai. Currently, she is an Associate Project Manager at VMware, a marker leader in cloud infrastructure and digital workspace technology.

Tannya Jajal, Associate Project ManagerVMware


CONTRIBUTORS


Chris, a software engineer for over 15 years, first started studying autonomous systems in 2012. He then graduated from the world's first autonomous vehicle engineer program in 2017, and later studied aerial robotics and autonomous flight. Since then he launched R4 Robotics, which is now developing advanced autonomous systems, using swarm technology, for use in agriculture and other scalable domains. R4 Robotics is an Australian end-to-end AI and robotics company creating innovative robotic solutions that solve real-world challenges.

Chris Kalle, CEO and FounderR4 Robotics Pty Ltd

Dr. MacCready combines a background of innovative engineering (including several years working at AeroVironment, Inc.) with an eye for earth science (PhD in Geology) as he designs swarming robotic systems to gather synoptic ocean data.

Tyler MacCready, PhD, CEOApium, Inc.


CONTRIBUTORS


Shane is a prolific writer on technology and frequently gives talks on design thinking, robotics, AI, IoT, and the future of technology in society. He is a Vanier scholar pursuing a PhD in Robotics at the University of Toronto, holds an MBA in Technology and Innovation from Ryerson University and a B. Eng. from McGill University.

Shane SaundersonPhD student, Human-robot interaction, University of Toronto

Dr. Stoecker is co-founder of the Interlinked Protocol. Interlinked Protocol is an interoperable identity and digital twinning solution for the 4th Industrial Revolution bridging the human, machine, and digital spheres. He is a physicist by training with a Ph.D. from the University of Aachen. He also serves as a Council Member of Global Future Network for the World Economic Forum. Prior to co-founding Interlinked Protocol, Carsten founded Spherity GmbH and worked for several renowned companies such as the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR).

Carsten StoeckerFounder Interlinked Protocol, CEO Spherity GmbH

http://www.interlinked.ai/


CONTRIBUTORS


Toby is a cross-disciplinary technical futurist, hacker, developer and all round troublemaker with over 20 years in enterprise development. His consulting company Magic Industries focuses on Web 3.0 or the Spatial Web, working across blockchain, AI, machine learning, VR/AR/MR, IoT, self-sovereign identity, and more. Magic Industries strives to bring these technologies together to create a new decentralized, user-controlled internet that reaches into and enhances work and everyday life consulting with businesses and startups worldwide on future tech, architecture, and development.

Toby Tremayne, Technical Futurist, FounderMagic Industries

Dr. Vergne's research focuses on organization theory and strategy, with expertise in cryptocurrency, blockchain, and FinTech. He is the founding coordinator of the Crypto Capitalism Center, the co-Director of the Scotiabank Digital Banking Lab at Ivey Business School, and the director of the Crypto Economics Lab. He has co-authored The Pirate Organization: Lessons from the Fringes of Capitalism, published by Harvard Business Review Press, and regularly speaks at major conferences, including Google Zeitgeist, TEDx, and South by Southwest Interactive. You can find him on Twitter @PirateOrg.

Jean-Philippe Vergne, Associate Professor of StrategyIvey Business School, Western University

http://www.ivey.uwo.ca/scotiabank-digital-banking-lab/

http://cryptoeconomics-lab.com/


CONTRIBUTORS


Trivial.co is an analytics platform for digital assets on the Ethereum blockchain.

Jonathan Wooddin, Head of InformationTrivial.co

We thank industry experts who chose to keep their contributions anonymous.

Anonymous Contributors


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