Peanut

Peanut is not only a cash crop but also a nutritionally‐rich food source.

It is a rich source of oil, protein, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins.

Also, every part of the Peanut is commercially valuable:

Shells are used as energy source and also used in brick making.

HPS is used as snacks & cooking and meals.

FAQ is used for oil extraction, Peanut Oil has very good

characteristics with relatively high smoke point, which makes it

ideal for cooking.

Cake is used for animal feed with high protein value.

Peanut Oil also has other uses such as soaps, cosmetics, and

lubricants.

Introduction:

International Production and Consumption:

Based on USDA speculation report; world annual production of shelled peanuts is 46 million

tons as at 2018.

The main producers in this production are:

China – 17 million tones.

Africa – 8.84 million tones.

India – 4.7 million tons.

USA – 2.48 million tons.

Argentina – 1.32 million tons.

Speculated consumption as USDA reports:

Crush – 18.2 million tones.

Other use – 28 million tones.

China, India, USA, Argentina, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Ghana and Ethiopia.

Main Peanuts producers.

Sudan Production :

Sudan is one of the top three African producers.

Production has increased by about 320% over last 20 years. Average yield is around 300

kg/ha in rain fed areas and 700 kg/ha in irrigated areas. The total area in Sudan suitable

for Peanut cultivation is about 200 million feddans.

Currently 4 million feddans are under cultivation.

Peanut is an important cash crop in the Sudan, providing about 5% of the gross national

income.

Two varieties of Peanut are grown in Sudan; one is grown in the western part of the

county ( Darfur & Kurdofan) 80% of the total production whilst the other variety grows

in Gazeria and East Sudan. The ‘western’ Peanut is known to be of better quality

possessing higher levels of protein and oil.

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has initiated the Darfur Livelihoods

Recovery Program to improve farmers’ production and business capacity in producing a

number of essential trade commodities such as Peanut.

The project targeted around 120,000 individuals (20,000 households) resulting an

increase in annual income rates.

Groundnut Seeds gives almost 75% of the total production of Oil Seeds in Sudan.( Sesame

not included)

Irrigated Groundnut Rain-Fed Groundnut

• Grown under relatively high

technology and Land is

mechanically prepared

• Sowing season in April- May

Late maturing (120-140

days)

• Ashford Variety (50 – 60

kernel/ounce)

• Relatively higher yield ( 700

to 1000 kg/Faddan)

• Small size holdings, manual

Farming operations.

• Sowing season in June-

August with Early maturing (

90 - 100 days).

• Spanish Variety. (70 – 80

kernel/ounce)

• Vey low yield ( 185 to 300

kg/Faddan).

Sudan Production :

Sudan Production :

1000 MT

Rain Fed Irrigated

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

Rain Fed Irrigated Total

Plan Productive Area

Peanut Export:

2016/2017 Million metric tons 0.90

2017/2018 Million metric tons 1.10

2018/2019 Million metric tons 1.20

*2019/2020 Million metric tons 1.30

Our main export destinations:

Indonesia

Philippines

Myanmar

Egypt

Turkey

China

2016/2017 Ton 106,133

2017/2018 Ton 80,768

sept/2019 Ton 195,692

Sudan Production :

Russia

Yemen

Algeria

Syria

Peanuts Preparation and Processing:

Drying Cleaning Shelling

ScreeningKernel sizing and grading

packaging

Logistics for Export

Drying:

After harvesting; peanuts kept to dry. Moisture should be below 12 percent, to prevent

aflatoxin or molds from growing.

This low moisture content is difficult to achieve under field conditions in other parts of world,

while in Sudanese fields it can be easily obtained by sun only, specially during harvest period

(Oct/Nov).

Pre-cleaning:

The Peanut seeds need thorough cleaning process to remove sand, stalk, plant debris, stones

and any other impurities.

Shelling:

Passing the peanuts between rollers that have been adjusted for peanut size. The gap betweenrollers must be narrow enough to crack the peanut hulls, but wide enough to prevent damageto the kernels.

The most important thing in Sudan shelling style is the shelling machines do not use water orsteam which help to reduce moisture and avoid mold or rottenness.

Shaker screens and air separators:

The crushed shells and peanut kernels are then separated with oscillating shaker screens

and air separators.

The separation process also removes undersized kernels and split kernels.

Kernel sizing and grading:

Sizing and grading are done by hand, but

some exporter use screens to size kernels and

electric sorters machine .

Packing:In Sudan Peanuts are packed in jute, plastic or vacuum bags for

storage and transportation.

We are working to develop our bagging process through using a

plastic bags with holes which help to reduce Moldy and

Aflatoxin contamination.

In Warehouse:Fumigation is an important tool for biosecurity treatments of

export commodities.

An effective fumigation requires by the phosphine gas to held in

the infested structure long enough and to kill the target pests.

Logistics for Export :

When shipment is ready to be sent to Ports

Samples are drawn by government agencies in Port in order to ensure the safety of the

shipment.

Another mandatory fumigation is done by government agencies.

Necessary certificates are issued to export the shipment while peanuts bags are

stuffed inside the containers.

Certificates :

Thanks