WhoisJesus–JesusisFearsome–Mark4:35-41FBCNacogdoches–Sunday,July28,2019–A.M.Message

MessageDescription—AreyoufearfuloftheLord?Shouldyoube?Well,theBiblesays,“HappyiseveryonewhofearstheLord.”ANDtheBiblesays,“Perfectlovedrivesoutfear,”andthatbelieversshouldbecarefulnottofallbackintofearingtheLord.So,whatshouldmyattitudetowardtheLordlooklike?Inthismessageon“WhoisJesus,”wewilllearnthatJesusisfearsomeandhowthatshouldbothtroubleandcomfortus.Wewilllearnhowtotransitionfromanungodlyfeartoagod-honoring,life-givingfearoftheLord.

Introduction—TodaywecontinueourseriesofmessagesfocusedonJesus.

—Jesusiswonderfulinsomanyways.—Today,wewilllearnonemoreofthoseways.

—InMark4wefindafascinatingaccountofaneventintheLifeofJesusthatteachesusmuchabouthowamazingJesusis.—ReadMark4:35-36.

—The“sea”spokenofhereisnottheMediterraneanSeaortheRedSea(bothofwhichareborderedbyIsrael)butactuallyafreshwaterlakemostcommonlyknownastheSeaofGalilee.—ThisisagoodopportunitytotalkalittleaboutourrecenttriptoIsrael.

—Howmanyhavegone?—Myattitudepriortogoingthissummerforthefirsttime…

—Iwon’tlearnmuch.—IstudytheBibleallthetime…

—Myattitudetoday…—Wow.Thereissomuchmoretolearn!

—Theplanrightnowistogobackinthesummerof2021.—Wewillworkondetailsandgetyoumoreinformationsoon.—Plantogoifyoucan.

—TheSeaofGalileeisthekeytoreallyunderstandingmanyoftheeventsofthegospels.—MentionedintheBibleasearlyasNumbers34:11(SeaofChinnereth).

—Numbers34:11|The border will go down from Shepham to Riblah east of Ain. It will continue down and reach the eastern slope of the Sea of Chinnereth. (CSB)

—ItisaboutthesizeandshapeofthelooparoundNacogdoches.—13mileslong//8.5milesatitswidestpoint—40,000acres

—MorethanhalfoftheeventsdescribedintheGospelsoccurredonoraroundthislake.—OnourtriptoIsrael,westayedinahotelontheSeaofGalileeandtouredmanyofthecitiesandsitesaroundtheSea.

—PhotoItookwhilehavingmymorningdevotionalinmyhotelroomoverlookingtheSeaofGalilee…

—ThiswasJesus’backyardformostofhisministry.—Events…

—Thecallingofthedisciples—Feedingofthe5,000—SermonontheMount—Jesuswalksonwater—JesusreconcileswithPeter(John21:15-23)

—WhenJesusinstructedthedisciplestocrossovertotheothersideinMark4:35,hewastellingthemtoleaveCapernaum(onthenorthwestcornerofthelake)andtraveltoGergesa(ontheeastside).

—Thiswouldhavebeenatripofaboutsixmiles.—FromtheCC’sSmokehouse(Capernaum)totheintersectionofStarr&Stallings(Gergesa).—MAP

—Capernaumwasapopulatedarea.

—Gergesawasnot.—So,theyleftthecrowdsofCapernaumandheadedtotheremoteareaofGergesa.

—WeknowwheretheywereheadedbythereferenceinMark5:1.—ReadMark4:37.

—Windstorm…—TheinterestingthingabouttheSeaofGalileeisthatitisinagianthole.

—Thesurfaceofthelakeis650feetbelowsealevel.—NewOrleansis6feetbelowsealevel.

—Onthenorthwest,theofUpperGalileeMountainsrisetoaheightof4,000feetabovesea(ocean)level.—Ontheeast,mountainsriseto2,000feetabovesea(ocean)level.

—Thisoddgeographycausesunusualweather.—Windstormsduetotemperaturevariances.

—NotthunderstormslikehereinTexasbutpowerfulstormsofhigh-speedplungingwinds.—Morelikeaderecho.

—In2015,therewasastormontheSeaofGalileewithten-footwaves.—ReadMark4:38-41.

—ThehumanityofJesusondisplay…—Jesuswasfullyman.

—Notsomecomicbooksuperhero.—Jesuswastiredandsleepy.

—ThedeityofJesusondisplay…—Jesushadpoweroverthewindandwaves.

—NoticeinMark4:39itsays,“greatcalm.”—ThewordforgreatinGreekisliterally“mega”(μέγας).—Thewavesandwinddidn’tjustdiedownoveraperiodofafewminutesorevenafewseconds.

—Thiswasinstantaneous!—Immediatelythesurfaceofthewaterwaslikeglass,theairwaseerilystill,andthesoundwasthatofsilence.—Then…

—Theywereterrified(4:41)!—Noticeanunusual(odd)transitiononthepartofthedisciples…

—TheywentfromscaredofthestormtoscaredofJesus.—Jesusseemedtobecriticaloftheirfirstfear,butheseemedtocommendtheirsecondfear.—Thesecondfearwasmoreprofoundthanthefirst…

—TheCSBandmostotherEnglishBiblesreallydon’tdothedescriptionjusticehere…—Mark4:41|and they feared a great fear, and said one to another, ‘Who, then, is this, that even the wind and the sea do obey him?’ (YLT) —They“fearedagreatfear”(ἐφοβήθησανφόβονμέγαν).

—Same“mega”asinMark4:39…—So,shouldwefeartheLord?Whatdoesthatmean?

—Theanswerisnotassimpleasyoumightthink,buttheanswerisverysignificant.—TheBibleandespeciallytheNewTestamentseematfirstglancetogivetwoanswers,twoinstructionswithrespecttofearingtheLord.

—TheOldTestamentsaystofeartheLord.—Psalm19:9|The fear of the LORD is pure, enduring forever; the ordinances of the LORD are reliable and altogether righteous. (CSB) —Psalm111:10|The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom; all who follow his instructions have good insight. His praise endures forever. (CSB) —Psalm128:1|How happy is everyone who fears the LORD, who walks in his ways! (CSB) —Ecclesiastes12:13–14|When all has been heard, the conclusion of the matter is this: fear God and keep his commands, because this is for all humanity. For God will bring every act to judgment, including every hidden thing, whether good or evil. (CSB) —Joshua24:14|“Therefore, fear the LORD and worship him in sincerity and truth. Get rid of the gods your fathers worshiped beyond the Euphrates River and in Egypt, and worship the LORD. (CSB)

—TheNewTestamentsaystofeartheLord.—Matthew10:28|Don’t fear those who kill the body but are not able to kill the soul; rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. (CSB) —Philippians2:12|Therefore, my dear friends, just as you have always obeyed, so now, not only in my presence but even more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. (CSB) —Revelation14:7|He spoke with a loud voice: “Fear God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has come. Worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water.” (CSB) —Luke1:50|His mercy is from generation to generation on those who fear him. (CSB) —Ephesians5:20–21|giving thanks always for everything to God the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, submitting to one another in the fear of Christ. (CSB)

—ButtheNewTestamentalsosaysfearhasnoplaceinourrelationshipwiththeLord.—Romans8:15–17|For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear. Instead, you received the Spirit of adoption, by whom we cry out, “Abba, Father!” The Spirit himself testifies together with our spirit that we are God’s children, and if children, also heirs—heirs of God and coheirs with Christ—if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him. (CSB) —1John4:18|There is no fear in love; instead, perfect love drives out fear, because fear involves punishment. So the one who fears is not complete in love. (CSB)

—AndtheNewTestamentoftensuggeststhereshouldbenofearbarriersbetweenbelieversandtheLord…

—OneoftheprimarythemesoftheLuke15prodigalsonstoryisthatweshouldnotfeartheLord…—Parableofthepersistentwidow…

—Luke18:7|Will not God grant justice to his elect who cry out to him day and night? Will he delay helping them? (CSB)

—Hebrews4:16|Therefore, let us approach the throne of grace with boldness, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in time of need. (CSB) —Matthew7:9–11|Who among you, if his son asks him for bread, will give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good things to those who ask him. (CSB) —James4:8|Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded. (CSB) —Romans8:1|Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus, (CSB)

—Theologianshavewrestledwiththisthroughtheyears,especiallyMartinLutherandJohnCalvin…—Servilefearandafilialfear…—Itgetsverycomplicated.

—ButletmeseeifIcanunpackthefearoftheLordinawaythatwillinstructandencourage…—Undercloserinspection,therearethreewaysweshouldfeartheLord…

AGodlyFearoftheLordI.Don’tfearhispunishment;fearhisgrief.

—Weshouldn’tbescaredoftheLordinthesensethatwearefrightenedbyhispresence.—Romans8:15–17|For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear. Instead, you received the Spirit of adoption, by whom we cry out, “Abba, Father!” The Spirit himself testifies together with our spirit that we are God’s children, and if children, also heirs—heirs of God and coheirs with Christ—if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him. (CSB) —1John4:18|There is no fear in love; instead, perfect love drives out fear, because fear involves punishment. So the one who fears is not complete in love. (CSB)

—Whyistherenofearinlove?—Becausefearinvolvespunishment.

—TheLorddoesnotpunishhischildren.—WewilltalkabouttheLord’sdisciplineinamoment.

—IfyoufeartheLord’spunishment(hiswrath)thenyourloveisnotcomplete.—However,weshouldfeargrievingordisappointinghim.

—Ephesians4:30a|Don’t grieve God’s Holy Spirit... (CSB) —PerhapsLuther’sconclusionsaboutthetwokindsoffearcouldbesummedupasfollows…

—UngodlyfearfearswhatGodwilldotothebeliever.—WrathofGod…

—GodlyfearfearswhatthebelieverwilldotoGod.—DisappointingGod(grievingtheSpirit)…

—Anotherwayofsayingthis…—Ungodlyfearsays,“Ohno,Godisgoingtohurtme.”—Godlyfearsays,“Ohno,IamgoingtohurtGod.”

—Anotherwayoflookingatthis…—Aslavefearshismaster’swhip.—Asonfearshisfather’sdispleasure.

—PerhapsthebestbiblicalpictureofsomeoneexperiencingtheculminationofthisfearisPeter’sthree-folddenialofJesus…

—Luke22:60–62|But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you’re talking about!” Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. Then the Lord turned and looked at Peter. So Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, “Before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly. (CSB)

—Whenitcomestosin,theprimaryconcernofsomeonewhohasagodlyfearoftheLordisnot…—WillIgetcaught?—WhatwillGoddotome?—Whatwillitcostme?—CanIgetawaywithit?

—Theprimaryconcernshouldbe…—WillitbreakmyLord’sheart?

—Wewanttobecarefulthatwedon’tjustturnourfaithintoanemotional,sentimental,melodrama…—ButtheLord’sviewofusisimportant;shouldbeimportant.

—Thereismuchgoodtheologyintheclassicchild’ssongaboutbeingcarefulwithourhands…—Lyricsforchild’ssong:Oh,BeCareful,LittleHands…

—Becarefullittlehandswhatyoudo…—Becarefullittlehandswhatyoudo…—ForyourFather’supabove…—Lookingdownonyouinlove…—So,becarefullittlehandswhatyoudo.

—Wedon’tteachthekidstosay,“ForyourFatherisupabovelookingdowntosmackyou.”—ThatwouldfostertheungodlyfearspokenofinRomans8:15-17and1John4:18.

—WeteachthekidsthattheFatherislookingdowninlove.—ThatisthegodlyfearofPsalm111:10.

—Psalm111:10a|The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom; all who follow his instructions have good insight... (CSB)

II.Don’tfearhispresence;fearhisabsence.—InthesecondwayoflookingatthefearoftheLordwemustacknowledgethatthedisciplineoftheLorddoesplayaroleinourlives.

—Descriptionofdiscipline…—Hebrews12:5–6|And you have forgotten the exhortation that addresses you as sons: My son, do not take the Lord’s discipline lightly or lose heart when you are reproved by him, for the Lord disciplines the one he loves and punishes every son he receives. (CSB) —Hebrews12:7|Endure suffering as discipline: God is dealing with you as sons. For what son is there that a father does not discipline? (CSB) —Hebrews12:8|But if you are without discipline—which all receive—then you are illegitimate children and not sons. (CSB) —Hebrews12:9|Furthermore, we had human fathers discipline us, and we respected them. Shouldn’t we submit even more to the Father of spirits and live? (CSB) —Hebrews12:10|For they disciplined us for a short time based on what seemed good to them, but he does it for our benefit, so that we can share his holiness. (CSB) —Hebrews12:11|No discipline seems enjoyable at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it yields the peaceful fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it. (CSB)

—Warning…—Hebrews12:12–13|Therefore, strengthen your tired hands and weakened knees, and make straight paths for your feet, so that what is lame may not be dislocated but healed instead. (CSB)

—Weshouldn’tfearbeinginhispresence;weshouldfearfleeinghispresence.—Weshouldn’tfearbeingclosetohim;weshouldfearrebellingagainsthim.

—IreadastorythisweektoldbyJohnPiper…—IwenttovisitamannamedDickTeegan,withKarstenwhenhewassix.Hehadadogatthedoorwhenweopenedthedoor,andhelookedKarsteneyeballtoeyeball.Thisisagiantdog.AndIsentKarstenbacktothecartograbsomethingthatwehadforgotten,andthedogwentlopingupbehindthesix-year-oldathisveryheightwithalittlelowgrowl,andKarstenwasterrified.AndDickleanedoutthedoorandshoutedtoKarsten,mysix-year-old,“Karsten,maybeyoubetternotrun.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenpeoplerunawayfromhim.”—AndIthought,“ThatisgoinginthesermonthisSunday.”Justwalkbesidehim.Youcanevenputyourhandaroundhisneck,youknow?Godishorrificallydangeroustorunawayfrom,andweshouldbeterrifiedtorunawayfromGod,butifwewillstaywithhim,hisgrowlisagrowlofourprotection,notourdestruction.Andwecanputourarmaroundhisbigneck,Iguess,tochangetheimagery.

—IfyouarerunningtotheLord,youwillfindlove,mercy,grace…—IfyouarerunningawayfromtheLord,youwillfindreasontofearhim.

III.Don’tfearyourcircumstances;fearhissovereignpower.—Thisbringsusbacktothepassageathand…

—Let’slookatthetwospecifickindsoffearthedisciplesfacedinMark4.—First,theyfearedtheircircumstances.—Second,theyfearedthepoweroftheLord.

—Lookatthesetwoactionsmoreclosely…—Howdidtheyerrwhentheyfearedtheircircumstances?

—TheyshouldhavetrustedinChrist’sprotection.—TheyshouldhavelookedatJesusandsaid,“Thereisnothingtofear.Jesusiswithus.”

—Andweshoulddoexactlythesamethingandsayexactlythesamething.—HowdidtheyhonortheLordwiththeirfearofhispower?

—Thatisthedefinitionofworship.—Weworship/glory/honortheLordwhenwestepbackamazedathispower(andlove,grace,wisdom,etc.).

—Typically,wegetfearwrong.—Wearefearfulofcircumstances.AndwearenotfilledwithfaithinChrist.—So,wegetthiskindofcounselfromJesus…

—Matthew10:28|Don’t fear those who kill the body but are not able to kill the soul; rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. (CSB)

—ButjustlikeweseeintheMark4account,whenourfear(awe)ofhispowergoesup,ourfearofcircumstancesgoesdown.

—OncetheysawJesussilencethestormandstillthewaves…—So,howcanweincreaseourfearoftheLordandseeourfearofcircumstancesshrink?

A.Meditateonhisattributes.

—Themoreyouareawareofhisattributes,themoreyouwilltrusthim.—Mark4:41|And they were terrified and asked one another, “Who then is this? Even the wind and the sea obey him!” (CSB)

B.Worshiphisgreatness.—Themoreyouworshiphim,thelessyouwillfearcircumstances.

—Worshipistheantidotetofearofcircumstances.—Somepeoplereallyneedtolearnthatlesson.

—Howtoworshiphisgreatness?—Faithfulness—Fervor

—Posture—1Timothy2:8|Therefore, I want the men in every place to pray, lifting up holy hands without anger or argument. (CSB) —Psalm28:2|Listen to the sound of my pleading when I cry to you for help, when I lift up my hands toward your holy sanctuary. (CSB) —Psalm95:6|Come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before the LORD our Maker. (CSB) —1Kings8:22|Then Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in front of the entire congregation of Israel and spread out his hands toward heaven. (CSB)

C.Ridethewavesofobedience.—ItisonlythosewhogowithJesusthatseehispower.

Conclusion—AdrianRogersoncesaid,“ThefearoftheLordisbutloveonitsknees.”—Nowanairplanepilot,hedoesn’tfeartheairplane,andhedoesn’tfearthesky.Butasaseniorpilottoldme,“Pastor,thereareoldpilotsandboldpilots,buttherearenoold,boldpilots.”Now,whatdidhemeanbythat?Hemeantthatthereisthatrespectforthelawsofaerodynamics.i

Outlines

—#1:KindsofGodlyFear—ThekindthatmotivatesthebelievertohonorratherthandisappointtheFather.

—Don’tgrievetheLord.—ThekindthatcausesthebelievertostaywithratherthanrunfromtheLord.

—Illustrationaboutrunningfromthedog…—ThekindthatcausesthebelievertorespectGod’spowerandnotbeafraidofGod’spower.

—Illustrationaboutthehandgun…—Thekindthatcausesthebelievertodrawcloserratherthanrunaway.

—Luther’stwo-fearview…—#2:HowtoFosterGodlyFear

—Prayerposture—FocusonthegreatnessandpowerofGod.—Exercise/stretchyourfaith.

—#3:HowtoFeartheLord—FeargrievingtheLord.—FearrunningfromtheLord.—FeartheawesomenessoftheLord.

—#4:HowtoFeartheLord—HonortheLord’sholiness.//Fearhisgrief.—WalkwiththeLord.//Fearhisabsence.—StandinaweoftheLord’spower.//Fearhispotential.

—#5:AGodlyFearoftheLord—Don’tfearhispunishment;fearhisgrief.—Don’tfearhispresence;fearhisabsence.

—Dog—Don’tfearyourcircumstances;fearhissovereignpower.

—Matthew10:28—Gun

—HowtofeartheLord?—Posture—Meditation—Worship—Stretchfaith

Thoughts

—Thediscipleswentfromonekindoffeartoanother.—In4:37-28theywereafraidofthestorm.

—Afraidofdeath.—In4:41thisfearseemstobetheoppositeoffaith.

—Fearisthelackoffaith.—In4:41theywereterrifiedofbeinginthepresenceofGod.

—Matthew10:28|Don’t fear those who kill the body but are not able to kill the soul; rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. (CSB) —Hebrews10:31|It is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God. (CSB)

—Howtohandlealoadedgun?—Don’tbescaredofit…—Fear(respect)thepower,lethalityoftheweapon…

—OnthesurfacethereseemstobeconfusionabouttheNewTestamentinstructionaboutfear…—2Corinthians7:1|So then, dear friends, since we have these promises, let us cleanse ourselves from every impurity of the flesh and spirit, bringing holiness to completion in the fear of God. (CSB)

—Properfearshouldinspireholyliving.—Romans8:15–17|For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear. Instead, you received the Spirit of adoption, by whom we cry out, “Abba, Father!” The Spirit himself testifies together with our spirit that we are God’s children, and if children, also heirs—heirs of God and coheirs with Christ—if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him. (CSB)

—Thereisunhealthyfearthatweareindangeroffallingbackinto.—1John4:18|There is no fear in love; instead, perfect love drives out fear, because fear involves punishment. So the one who fears is not complete in love. (CSB)

—Healthyfeardoesnotinvolvefearofpunishment.—Philippians2:12|Therefore, my dear friends, just as you have always obeyed, so now, not only in my presence but even more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. (CSB)

—Salvationshouldbeworkedoutwithfearandtrembling.—Revelation14:7|He spoke with a loud voice: “Fear God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has come. Worship the one who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water.” (CSB)

—Commandedtofear…connectedtoworshipespeciallytheacknowledgementofhiscreativepower.

—FearofGodandbeingcasualtowardGodareopposites.—WorldlyfearpushesawayfromGod.

—GodlyfearpullsclosertoGod.—PerhapsLuther’sconclusionsaboutthetwokindsoffearcouldbesummedupasfollows…

—UngodlyfearfearswhatGodwilldotothebeliever.—GodlyfearfearswhatthebelieverwilldotoGod.

—DisappointingGod…—HowtofosterahealthyfearoftheLord?

—Prayerpostures—Faithfulnesstoworship

Notesontext

—TheycrossedtheseaatJesus’insistence.—Therewere“other”boatswiththeboatthatJesustraveledin.—Whatdidthedisciplesreallyexpect?

—ApparentlynotwhatJesusdid(callagreatcalmintoexistence)…—WhatdowereallyexpectofJesus?—WhatwouldthesurprisehavebeenlikewhenJesuscalmedthestorm?

References

—Psalm56:3|WhenIamafraid,Iwilltrustinyou.(CSB)—2Kings17:33|They feared the LORD, but they also worshiped their own gods according to the practice of the nations from which they had been deported. (CSB) —Psalm19:9|The fear of the LORD is pure, enduring forever; the ordinances of the LORD are reliable and altogether righteous. (CSB) —Psalm111:10|The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom; all who follow his instructions have good insight. His praise endures forever. (CSB) —Psalm128:1|How happy is everyone who fears the LORD, who walks in his ways! (CSB) —Ecclesiastes12:13–14|When all has been heard, the conclusion of the matter is this: fear God and keep his commands, because this is for all humanity. For God will bring every act to judgment, including every hidden thing, whether good or evil. (CSB) —Joshua24:14|“Therefore, fear the LORD and worship him in sincerity and truth. Get rid of the gods your fathers worshiped beyond the Euphrates River and in Egypt, and worship the LORD. (CSB) —Psalm25:14|The secret counsel of the LORD is for those who fear him, and he reveals his covenant to them. (CSB) —2Corinthians5:11|Therefore, since we know the fear of the Lord, we try to persuade people. What we are is plain to God, and I hope it is also plain to your consciences. (CSB) —Jude23|save others by snatching them from the fire; have mercy on others but with fear, hating even the garment defiled by the flesh. (CSB) —2Corinthians7:1|So then, dear friends, since we have these promises, let us cleanse ourselves from every impurity of the flesh and spirit, bringing holiness to completion in the fear of God. (CSB)

Contrastthefearthedisciplesfeltin4:37andtheterrortheyfeltin4:41…

• Thedisciples’fearofperishingisgreaterthantheirconfidenceinthepresenceofJesus(seev.40).ii• Now,friend,therearetwofearsrighttherebacktoback:one,abadfear;theother,agoodfear.Friend,whenyoufear

theMasterofthewindsandthewaves,youdon’thavetofearanythingelse.iiiFear

• Thusitissaid,thefearoftheLordisthebeginning,orthechiefpart,ofwisdom.Psal.111:10.ThefearoftheLordisthefountainoflife.Prov.14:27.ThefearoftheLordishistreasure.Is.33:6.Intheseandamultitudeofotherdeclarationsofasimilarimport,itisplainlyindicated,thatthefearoftheLordisthesumandsubstanceofthatmorallyexcellentcharacterwhichistheobjectofthedivinecomplacency.iv

• Fearhasaconstructiveroletoplayinenablingmentorealizeboththedegeneracyoftheirsoulsandtheirneedofdivineforgiveness.v

• Fearisquitenaturallythelogicalconsequenceofsin(Gn3:10;4:13,14;Prv28:1).vi• Genuinefaithisexpressedin,andanimatedby,areverentialawe,andthisisthebasicmeaningofthebiblicalideaof

thefearofGod.vii• NeverbecomeacasualChristian.“FeartheLORD.”(Joshua24:14)Yousay,“Now,waitaminute,Adrian.Ithoughtthat

wehadafaiththatwasbuiltonloveandnotfear.”Friend,there’snocontradictionbetweenloveandfear.HewhofearsGodthemostlovesHimthebest.AndI’vetoldyoubeforethatthefearoftheLordisbutloveonitsknees.viii

• Nowanairplanepilot,hedoesn’tfeartheairplane,andhedoesn’tfearthesky.Butasaseniorpilottoldme,“Pastor,thereareoldpilotsandboldpilots,buttherearenoold,boldpilots.”Now,whatdidhemeanbythat?Hemeantthatthereisthatrespectforthelawsofaerodynamics.ix

• It’snotthefearoftheLordthatsays,“IfIdon’tdoright,He’sgoingtogetme.”That’snotthefearI’mtalkingabout.Youknowthedifferencebetweenaslaveandason?Aslavefearshismaster’swhip;asonfearshisfather’sdispleasure.Isn’tthattrue?AndatrueChristian,it’snotbecausehe’safraidGod’sgoingtogethimifhedoesn’tbehave;hejustlovesGod;hestaysinthepresenceofGod.x

• Weneedtomakesomeimportantdistinctionsaboutthebiblicalmeaningof“fearing”God.Thesedistinctionscanbehelpful,buttheycanalsobealittledangerous.WhenLutherstruggledwiththat,hemadethisdistinction,whichhassincebecomesomewhatfamous:Hedistinguishedbetweenwhathecalledaservilefearandafilialfear.

o Theservilefearisakindoffearthataprisonerinatorturechamberhasforhistormentor,thejailer,ortheexecutioner.It’sthatkindofdreadfulanxietyinwhichsomeoneisfrightenedbytheclearandpresentdangerthatisrepresentedbyanotherperson.Orit’sthekindoffearthataslavewouldhaveatthehandsofamaliciousmasterwhowouldcomewiththewhipandtormenttheslave.Servilereferstoapostureofservitudetowardamalevolentowner.

o Lutherdistinguishedbetweenthatandwhathecalledfilialfear,drawingfromtheLatinconceptfromwhichwegettheideaoffamily.Itreferstothefearthatachildhasforhisfather.Inthisregard,Lutheristhinkingofachildwhohastremendousrespectandloveforhisfatherormotherandwhodearlywantstopleasethem.

Hehasafearorananxietyofoffendingtheoneheloves,notbecausehe’safraidoftortureorevenofpunishment,butratherbecausehe’safraidofdispleasingtheonewhois,inthatchild’sworld,thesourceofsecurityandlove.xi

• Nowherearetwopictures,andIwillclose.IwenttovisitamannamedDickTeegan,withKarstenwhenhewassix.Hehadadogatthedoorwhenweopenedthedoor,andhelookedKarsteneyeballtoeyeball.Thisisagiantdog.AndIsentKarstenbacktothecartograbsomethingthatwehadforgotten,andthedogwentlopingupbehindthesix-year-oldathisveryheightwithalittlelowgrowl,andKarstenwasterrified.AndDickleanedoutthedoorandshoutedtoKarsten,mysix-year-old,“Karsten,maybeyoubetternotrun.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenpeoplerunawayfromhim.”

o AndIthought,“ThatisgoinginthesermonthisSunday.”Justwalkbesidehim.Youcanevenputyourhandaroundhisneck,youknow?Godishorrificallydangeroustorunawayfrom,andweshouldbeterrifiedtorunawayfromGod,butifwewillstaywithhim,hisgrowlisagrowlofourprotection,notourdestruction.Andwecanputourarmaroundhisbigneck,Iguess,tochangetheimagery.

o Orhereisonelastimage,andIlovethisone,becauseIlovethepictureofabig,holy,sovereign,majesticGod.SoIpicturemyselfclimbinginthemountains,saytheHimalayas.AndI’monthesemassiverockfaces,andIseeastormcoming.Itisgoingtobeamassivestorm,andIfeelunbelievablyvulnerableonthesemountainprecipices.Andso,IamdesperatelylookingforalittlecovertintherockwhereIwon’tbeblownoffthesideoftheclifftodestruction.

o AndIfindaholeinthesideofthemountain,andIspinquickly,andsuddenlytheholiness,andjustice,andpower,andwrath,andjudgmentofGodbreaksovermelikeahurricane,butIknowIamtotallysafe,whichmeansallthathorribledangeristransposedintothemusicofmajesty,andIcanenjoyitratherthanfearingit.AndIthinkthatiswhatthecrossis.JesusdiedforustoprovideaplacewherewecouldenjoythemajestyofGodwithakindoffearandtremblingandreverenceandawe,butnotacoweringfear.xii

• AsthisisthusdifferentlyspokenofunderthenamesoftheloveofGod,andthefearofGod,bothintheOldandNewTestament;itissufficientlyevidenttoamindevenslightlyattentive,thatthefearofGod,andtheloveofGod,arebutonecharacter,appearingunderdifferentmodifications.xiii

• Thatthereisatwofoldfear:aservilefear,andafilialfear;afearoppositeuntofaith,andafearattendinguponfaith;adoubtinganddistrustingfear,andacarefulandlovingfear;afearofdiscouragingdiffidence,andafearofawfulreverence;afearfromthelawtobepunished,andafearfromgracetooffendanddeservepunishment;afearbegottenbythespiritofbondage,andafearbegottenbytheSpiritofadoption;xiv

GeneralNotes• ThisspecificeventisparalleledinMatt.8:18,23–27andLuke8:22–25.xv

—Luke8:25|He said to them, “Where is your faith?” They were fearful and amazed, asking one another, “Who then is this? He commands even the winds and the waves, and they obey him!” (CSB) —Matthew8:27|The men were amazed and asked, “What kind of man is this? Even the winds and the sea obey him!” (CSB)

Noteson4:35

• theotherside.JesusandHisdiscipleswereonthewesternshoreoftheSeaofGalilee.Toescapethecrowdsforabriefrespite,Jesuswantedtogototheeasternshore,whichhadnolargecitiesandthereforefewerpeople.xvi

• Onthatday,wheneveningcame,JesussaidtoHisdisciples,“Letusgoovertotheotherside.”FromthevicinityofCapernaum,onthenorthwesttipoftheSeaofGalilee,JesusandHisfollowersheadedfortheeasternshore.ThemultitudethathadgatheredtohearJesuspreachearlierthatdaywassomassivethat,inordertoeffectivelyaddressthemall,“Hegotintoaboatintheseaandsatdown;andthewholecrowdwasbytheseaontheland”(Mark4:1).Asnightbegantofall,theLordagainusedaboattodistanceHimselffromthethrongsofpeoplestillassembledontheshore.TravelingtotheeasternshoresoftheSeaofGalilee,wheretherewerenomajorcitiesandthusfewerpeople,wouldallowJesusandHisdisciplestogetsomereprievefromthemassivemultitudes.xvii

• TheSeaofGalileeisknowntodayasYamKinneret.InScripture,itisvariouslyreferredtoastheLakeofGennesaret(Luke5:1),theSeaofChinnereth(Num.34:11;Josh.13:27)orSeaofChinneroth(Josh.12:3),andtheSeaofTiberias(John6:1;21:1),afterthemaincityonitswesternshore,whichwasnamedafterTiberiusCaesarAugustus.Theseaisinrealityalargefreshwaterlake,measuringapproximatelythirteenmileslongbysevenmileswide.Sittingatabout690feetbelowsealevel,itisboththelowestbodyoffreshwateronearthandthemostsignificantgeographicalfeatureofGalilee.Thoughpartiallyfedthroughundergroundsprings,thelakegetsmostofitswaterfromtheJordanRiver,whichrunsfromnorthtosouth—fromitssourcenearMt.Hermon(atanelevationof9,232feetabovesea

level)anditsterminusattheDeadSea(at1,400feetbelowsealevel).Eventoday,thepristinewaterofthelakenotonlyprovidesdrinkingwaterforlocalresidents,italsosupportsathrivingfishingindustry.xviii

• Shapedlikeaharp,theSeaofGalileesitsroughlythirtymileseastoftheMediterraneanSea.TheJordanValleyinwhichitissituatedispartoftheGreatRiftValleythatrunssome4,500milesfromSyriathroughtheRedSeaanddowntheeastcoastoftheAfricancontinenttoMozambique.ThesteephillsandcliffsthatencompasstheSeaofGalileemakeitvulnerabletohighwinds,whichcancausesudden,violentstormstodeveloponthelake.AscoolerairtravelsdownfromthenorthernGolanHeights,itcollideswiththewarmairinthebasinofthelake,creatingturbulentconditionsthatareintensifiedaswindsforcetheirwaythroughtheravinesandcanyonsoftheupperJordanValley.In1992,onesuchstormgeneratedten-foothighwavesonthelake,causingfloodinganddamageinthecityofTiberias.xix

• Weshouldnotbealarmedbysurprisesinourlives.TheyaredivinelyordainedmomentswherebyGodisworkingintheeverydaycircumstancesofourlivestorevealwhoHeis,whoweare,andwhoweneed!Trialsandtribulations,difficultiesanddesperatemomentsarewhenGoddoesHisgreatestworkinourlives.WhenHebringsustotheendofourselves,wearedriventoHimandHimaloneasSaviorandRescuer.xx

Noteson4:36

• TheboatwasnotlargeenoughtotransportalltwelveapostlesandothersofJesus’followers,sootherboatswerebroughttoaccommodatethosewhowerewithHim.xxi

Noteson4:37• TheSeaofGalileeis696feet(212m)belowsealevel,resultinginviolentdowndraftsandsuddenstorms

(windstorm;cf.6:48).xxii• Lailaps(fiercegale)describestheviolentgustsofapowerfulstorm.Markaddedtheadjectivemegas(“great”)tothe

nounlailapsinordertointensifyHisdescriptionofthehurricane-liketempest.Luke,inhisaccountofthisevent,reportedthatthewinds“descended”onthelake(8:23),toconveythattheywereracingdowntheslopesandwhippingacrossthesurfaceofthewater.Matthewdescribestheviolentshakingofthestormbyusingthewordseismos,fromwhichtheEnglishword“seismology”isderived(8:24).Theferociouswindsquicklyturnedthesurfaceofthelakeintoaraging,convulsivesea.xxiii

• TheSeaofGalileerestsat628feetbelowsealevelandissurroundedbymountainsgougedwithdeepravines.Theseravinesserveasgiganticfunnelstofocuswhirlingwindsdownontothelakewithoutnotice.Thewayisoften“greased”byathermalbuild-upintheextremelylowvalleywhich,whileitrises,invitesthecoldairtocomefallingviolentlyfromabove.xxiv

• Ournaturalinclinationtothinkofstormsasbeingaccompaniedbyrainanddarkskies,thunderandlightning.SoitisnotsurprisingifthisisthewaywevisualizetheLordJesuscalmingthestormsontheSeaofGalilee.ThiscommonassumptionisonlyreinforcedbyfamouspaintingslikeRembrandt’smasterpiece“ChristintheStormontheSeaofGalilee”(seeExcursusbelow).Thereis,however,goodreasontobelievethatthetwostormstheLordJesuscalmedwerenothinglikewhatwehavegrownsofamiliarwith.Therewasneitherrainnordarkskies,andnothunderorlightening.Buthowcanthisbe?TothoseaccustomedtosailingontheSeaofGalileetheanswerwouldbeobvious:theywerewindstorms,notthunderstorms.xxv

• ThetwostormeventsrecordedintheGospelsontheSeaofGalileewerebothwinterwindstorms.SuchstormscomefromtheeastofftheGolanHeights,unlikerainstormswhichcomefromthewestorthenorth.Duetothenatureofhowrainstormsdevelop,itishighlyunlikelythediscipleswouldhavebeencaughtinsuchastorm.Indeed,“caught”impliesthestormsdevelopwithasenseofsuddeneness,butthisisnotthecase.Ifthestormswererainstorms,thedisciples—manyofwhomwereseasonedfishermen—wouldhaverecognizedthedevelopingraincloudsandimpendingthreat,andsoughtshelterinoneoftheharborsaroundthelake.xxvi

Noteson4:38

• Jesus’sleepingindicateslackoffearandalsogreatfatigue,areminderofhistruehumanity.xxvii• WithbothHissleepingintheboatandHisstoppingofthestormcominginthesametext,wehaveoneofthose

examplesinScripturewheretheDeityandthehumanityofChristaresidebysideinatext.Sleepingishumanity;stoppingthestormisDeity.xxviii

• thediscipleshadnolegitimatereasontoquestionJesus’careforthemortheirsituation.TheyhadwitnessedthedivinepowerofJesusandhadfollowedHimlongenoughtoknowofHisgenuineloveforthem(cf.John13:1).But,intheirterror,theirfaithandsteadfastnesswerereplacedbyfearanddoubt.xxix

• Thedisciples’rebukeofJesus—“Teacher,arewetodrownforallyoucare?”(Mof)—indicatesthattheydidnotknowwhohereallywas.xxx

• Itpainsmegreatlytoseemyselfinthedisciples.JesushasprovenHimselffaithfultomeoverandover,yetwhencaughtbysurpriseandsqueezedinaviceoftrouble,Ifumeratherthanshowfaith.xxxi

Noteson4:39• Stormsnormallysubsidegradually,butwhentheCreatorgavetheorder,thenaturalelementsofthisstormceased

immediately.xxxii• Theresultwasinstantaneous.Inamoment,thewinddieddownanditbecameperfectlycalm.Thetoweringwaves

vanished,thehowlinggustsweresilenced,andthesurfaceofthelakebecamelikeglass.AsCharlesSpurgeonexpressed,“TherewasnotraceofstormanothermomentafterHehadbeenawakened.”xxxiii

• WhenChristrebukedthewindandthewaves,theydidnotsubsidegraduallyuntilcalmwasrestored.Bothdisappearedimmediately.Thestormmayhavearisensuddenly,butitvanishedevenfasterthanitcame.Mark’suseofthewordmegas(meaning“great,”translatedperfectly)indicatestheabsolutestillnessthatnowcharacterizedtheSeaofGalilee.xxxiv

Noteson4:40

• Jesuschidesthedisciplesforbeingafraid(cf.7:18;8:17–18,21).Theantidotetofearisfaith,i.e.,trustinJesus(seealsonoteonMatt.8:26).TheyarerightinturningtoJesus,buttheyareexhortedregardingtheirfearandfeelingofbeingforsakenbyGod.xxxv

• Havingsilencedtheliteraltempest,JesusturnedHisattentiontothewindsoffearandthewavesoffaithlessnessthathadbeenragingintheirhearts(cf.James.1:6).xxxvi

• TheanswertoJesus’firstquestionisimpliedbythesecond:thereasontheywereafraid(fromtheGreekworddeilos,meaningcowardlyortimid)wasbecausetheystillhadnofaith.xxxvii

• δειλός,ή,όν:pertainingtobeingcowardly—‘cowardly,coward.’xxxviii• He’steachingthemfaith…don’tmissthis.Faithisnotconfidencethatbadthingswon’thappen.Faithisnot

confidencethatthestormwillendtomorrow.Faithisconfidentthat,nomatterhowheavythestormis,Godisrightthereinthemiddleofthatstormwithyou.Here’swherethelovecastsoutfear.Jesushaspowerovernature.WeseeHispresence.Heistherewiththem,andthepromisethatHegivestotheseguysandtoallwhofollowandtrustinHim,Hesays,“Youarenotalone.”xxxix

Noteson4:41

• TheIdentityofJesusIsanIssueWeAllMustSettlexl• theyfearedexceedingly.Thiswasnotfearofbeingharmedbythestorm,butareverenceforthesupernaturalpower

Jesushadjustdisplayed.TheonlythingmoreterrifyingthanhavingastormoutsidetheboatwashavingGodintheboat!xli

• Mark’sexplanationthattheybecameverymuchafraidcouldbeliterallytranslated,“theyfearedwithagreatfear,”emphasizingtheintensityoftheirastonishment.TherealizationthattheCreatorwasintheirboatwasfarmorefrighteningthananyterrortheymightfaceoutsidetheirboat.xlii

• Fearisherejuxtaposedtofaith.BecausethedisciplesdonotyetrecognizeJesus’roleasSavior,theystillfeartheelementsthatthreatenthem.TheimplicationsforMark’scommunityareclear:thefearfulhavenofaith,andthefaithfulhavenofear.Nowthedisciplesarefilledwithagreatfear,butitisadifferentkindoffear(deilosinv.40;phobosinv.41).Itis“thefearoftheLord,”areverentialawe(seethereferencesto“greatfear”inJonah1:10,16;cf.Jonah4:1“greatgrief,”and4:6,“greatjoy”).xliii

• Herebukedthemforfearing,andintheverynextverse,theyfearedHiminaverywonderfulway.Onekindoffearwascondemned,becauseitwasfaithless.Theotherwasexoneratedandcommended,becauseitwasreverentialawe.Listen.Never,nevergetcarelessaboutyourChristianlife.Neverlosethereverence.HaveacarefulreverenceforGod.xliv

• TheaffrightwiththemarvelingisreportedbybothMarkandLuke.Marksaysthedisciples“fearedexceedingly”(Mark4:41),andLukesaysthediscipleswere“afraid”(Luke8:25).Thisisthesecondtimewereadinourtextofthedisciplesbeingfearful.Thefirsttimewereadoftheirbeingfearful(Mark4:40;Matthew8:26)concernedtheirfearofthestorm.Heretheirfearispartoftheirreactiontothemiracle.Thefearineachcasewasverydifferent.ThisisespeciallyseeninthetwodifferentGreekwordsinvolvedinthesewordsoffearinthismiracle.ThefirstGreekwordreferstothefearwhichthediscipleshadofthestorm.Itisabadfear.Itiscowardlyfear.ThesecondGreekwordreferstothefearthediscipleshadintheirreactiontothemiracle.Itisagoodfear.ItspeaksofreverenceforGod.Weneedalotmoreofthisfear.xlv

• φοβέομαιa:(derivativeofφόβοςa‘fear,’25.251)tobeinastateoffearing—‘tofear,tobeafraid.’xlvi

• ImagesoftheBoat

i Adrian Rogers, “How to Keep Your Spiritual Health,” in Adrian Rogers Sermon Archive (Signal Hill, CA: Rogers Family Trust, 2017), Jos 24:14–22. ii Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1901. iii Adrian Rogers, “How to Keep Your Spiritual Health,” in Adrian Rogers Sermon Archive (Signal Hill, CA: Rogers Family Trust, 2017), Jos 24:14–22. iv Timothy Dwight, Theology: Explained and Defended in a Series of Sermons, vol. 3 (Middletown, CT: Clark & Lyman, 1818), 340–341. v Stuart D. Sacks, “Fear,” Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 782. vi Stuart D. Sacks, “Fear,” Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 782. vii Stuart D. Sacks, “Fear,” Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 782. viii Adrian Rogers, “How to Keep Your Spiritual Health,” in Adrian Rogers Sermon Archive (Signal Hill, CA: Rogers Family Trust, 2017), Jos 24:14–22. ix Adrian Rogers, “How to Keep Your Spiritual Health,” in Adrian Rogers Sermon Archive (Signal Hill, CA: Rogers Family Trust, 2017), Jos 24:14–22. x Adrian Rogers, “How to Keep Your Spiritual Health,” in Adrian Rogers Sermon Archive (Signal Hill, CA: Rogers Family Trust, 2017), Jos 24:14–22. xi https://www.ligonier.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-fear-god/ xii https://www.desiringgod.org/interviews/what-does-it-mean-for-the-christian-to-fear-god xiii Timothy Dwight, Theology: Explained and Defended in a Series of Sermons, vol. 3 (Middletown, CT: Clark & Lyman, 1818), 341. xiv Henry Airay, Lectures upon the Whole Epistle of St. Paul to the Philippians (Edinburgh;London;Dublin: James Nichol;J. Nisbet & Co.;G. Herbert, 1864), 146. xv Robert James Dr. Utley, The Gospel according to Peter: Mark and I & II Peter, vol. Volume 2, Study Guide Commentary Series (Marshall, Texas: Bible Lessons International, 2000), 58. xvi John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1467. xvii John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 227.

xviii John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 228. xix John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 229. xx Daniel L. Akin, David Platt, and Tony Merida, Exalting Jesus in Mark (Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2014). xxi John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 228. xxii Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1901. xxiii John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 229–230. xxiv R. Kent Hughes, Mark: Jesus, Servant and Savior, vol. 1, Preaching the Word (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1989), 113. xxv Gordon Franz, “What Type of Storms Did Jesus Calm: Wind or Rain?,” in Lexham Geographic Commentary on the Gospels, ed. Barry J. Beitzel and Kristopher A. Lyle, Lexham Geographic Commentary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), Mt 8:23–Jn 6:21. xxvi Gordon Franz, “What Type of Storms Did Jesus Calm: Wind or Rain?,” in Lexham Geographic Commentary on the Gospels, ed. Barry J. Beitzel and Kristopher A. Lyle, Lexham Geographic Commentary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), Mt 8:23–Jn 6:21. xxvii Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1901. xxviii John G. Butler, Jesus Christ: His Disciples, vol. 5, Studies of the Savior (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2003), 206. xxix John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 231. xxx Walter W. Wessel, “Mark,” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, vol. 8 (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), 655. xxxi Daniel L. Akin, David Platt, and Tony Merida, Exalting Jesus in Mark (Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2014). xxxii John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1467. xxxiii John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 233. xxxiv John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 233. xxxv Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1901. xxxvi John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 233. xxxvii John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 233. xxxviii Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 317. xxxix David Platt, “God’s Story in a Fear-Based Culture,” in David Platt Sermon Archive (Birmingham, AL: David Platt, 2007), 768. xl Daniel L. Akin, David Platt, and Tony Merida, Exalting Jesus in Mark (Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2014). xli John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1467. xlii John MacArthur, Mark 1–8, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2015), 234. xliii R. Alan Culpepper, Mark, ed. Leslie Andres and R. Alan Culpepper, Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary (Macon, GA: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Incorporated, 2007), 156. xliv Adrian Rogers, “How to Maintain the Life of Victory,” in Adrian Rogers Sermon Archive (Signal Hill, CA: Rogers Family Trust, 2017), Jos 24:11–23. xlv John G. Butler, Jesus Christ: His Disciples, vol. 5, Studies of the Savior (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2003), 215–216. xlvi Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 315.