Yom Kippur The Day of Atonement

2017.09.30

Yom Kippur

Scriptural Justification

Characteristics of Yom Kippur

Fulfillments - past and future

Today

Leviticus 23:26-32 26And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 27Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD. 28And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God.

Leviticus 23:26-32

29For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people. 30And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.

Leviticus 23:26-3231Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 32It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.

Leviticus 23:26-32“…the tenth day of this seventh month…”

According to biblical reckoning of time where the month begins with the sighting of the New Moon, Yom Kippur starts tonite at sunset

On the traditional religious calendar, it began last night at sunset.

Leviticus 23:26-32

“…day of atonement…”

In Hebrew it is יום הכפרים, Yom Ha Kippur, or literally “the Day of Atonements”

We see the reason in Leviticus 16

Leviticus 16:29-33

29   “And it shall be a statute to you forever that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves and shall do no work, either the native or the stranger who sojourns among you. 30 For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you. You shall be clean before the LORD from all your sins.

Leviticus 16:29-33

31 It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict yourselves; it is a statute forever. 32 And the priest who is anointed and consecrated as priest in his father’s place shall make atonement, wearing the holy linen garments. 33 He shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.

Leviticus 23:26-32

“… holy convocation…”

In Hebrew it is מקרא־קדש, mikra kodesh

It is a gathering together of God’s people, an also a rehearsal.

Leviticus 23:26-32“… sabbath of rest…”

In Hebrew it is שבת שבתון , shabbat shabbaton, a Sabbath of Solemn Rest

The Day of Atonement is the only Feast that is declared a Shabbat.

30And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.

Leviticus 23:26-32

“… afflict your souls…”

In Hebrew it is ועניתם את־נפשתיכם , we innetim (anah) et nafshote (nephesh)

This does not mean we are to physically abuse ourselves, this is referring to humbling ourselves and fasting.

Leviticus 23:26-32

Acts 27:9 Now when much time was spent, and when sailing was now dangerous, because the fast was now already past…

This is referring to Yom Kippur, which is late in the year, a time when sailing was dangerous.

The 1st Century Church still viewed Yom Kippur as a Day of Fasting. But what kind of fast?

Isaiah 581 “Cry aloud; do not hold back; lift up your voice like a trumpet; declare to my people their transgression, to the house of Jacob their sins. 2

Yet they seek me daily and delight to know my ways, as if they were a nation that did righteousness and did not forsake the judgment of their God; they ask of me righteous judgments; they delight to draw near to God.

Isaiah 583 ‘Why have we fasted, and you see it not? Why have we humbled ourselves, and you take no knowledge of it?’ Behold, in the day of your fast you seek your own pleasure, and oppress all your workers. 4 Behold, you fast only to quarrel and to fight and to hit with a wicked fist. Fasting like yours this day will not make your voice to be heard on high.

Isaiah 58

“…fasted…” is צמנו which means to abstain from food

“…humbled ourselves…” is the exact same as in Leviticus 23 where is is translated as “afflict your souls”

Isaiah 585 Is such the fast that I choose, a day for a person to humble himself? Is it to bow down his head like a reed, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? Will you call this a fast, and a day acceptable to the LORD? 6 “Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the straps of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke?

Isaiah 587 Is it not to share your bread with the hungry and bring the homeless poor into your house; when you see the naked, to cover him, and not to hide yourself from your own flesh? 8 Then shall your light break forth like the dawn, and your healing shall spring up speedily; your righteousness shall go before you; the glory of the LORD shall be your rear guard.

Isaiah 58

9 Then you shall call, and the LORD will answer; you shall cry, and he will say, ‘Here I am.’ If you take away the yoke from your midst, the pointing of the finger, and speaking wickedness, 10 if you pour yourself out for the hungry and satisfy the desire of the afflicted, then shall your light rise in the darkness and your gloom be as the noonday.

Isaiah 5811 And the LORD will guide you continually and satisfy your desire in scorched places and make your bones strong; and you shall be like a watered garden, like a spring of water, whose waters do not fail. 12 And your ancient ruins shall be rebuilt; you shall raise up the foundations of many generations; you shall be called the repairer of the breach, the restorer of streets to dwell in.

Isaiah 5813 “If you turn back your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on my holy day, and call the Sabbath a delight and the holy day of the LORD honorable; if you honor it, not going your own ways, or seeking your own pleasure, or talking idly; 14 then you shall take delight in the LORD, and I will make you ride on the heights of the earth; I will feed you with the heritage of Jacob your father, for the mouth of the LORD has spoken.”

What Kind of Fast

It is not a day to fast to be seen of men.

It is not a contest to see who can afflict themselves more.

It is not about following the letter of the law, it’s about the condition of our heart.

It is about meeting the needs of the afflicted around us.

Remember - This is a Shabbat, and we are to Delight in his Shabbat.

Release From Bondage

6 “Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the straps of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke?

Leviticus 25:8-108 And thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven times seven years; and the space of the seven sabbaths of years shall be unto thee forty and nine years. 9 Then shalt thou cause the trumpet of the jubile to sound on the tenth [day] of the seventh month, in the day of atonement shall ye make the trumpet sound throughout all your land. 10 And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout [all] the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubile unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, and ye shall return every man unto his family.

Release from Bondage

Yehovah chose the Day of Atonement to be the day when liberty was proclaimed those in bondage.

Isaiah 61 1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD [is] upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to [them that are] bound; 2 To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn;

Leviticus 161 The LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the LORD and died, 2 and the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron your brother not to come at any time into the Holy Place inside the veil, before the mercy seat that is on the ark,…

Leviticus 16

… so that he may not die. For I will appear in the cloud over the mercy seat. 3 But in this way Aaron shall come into the Holy Place: with a bull from the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He shall put on the holy linen coat and shall have the linen undergarment on his body,…

Leviticus 16

…and he shall tie the linen sash around his waist, and wear the linen turban; these are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water and then put them on. 5 And he shall take from the congregation of the people of Israel two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.

Leviticus 166 “Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering for himself and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. 7 Then he shall take the two goats and set them before the LORD at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 8 And Aaron shall cast lots over the two goats, one lot for the LORD…

Leviticus 16

…and the other lot for Azazel. 9 And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the LORD and use it as a sin offering, 10 but the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the LORD to make atonement over it, that it may be sent away into the wilderness to Azazel.

Leviticus 1611 “Aaron shall present the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. He shall kill the bull as a sin offering for himself. 12 And he shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the LORD, and two handfuls of sweet incense beaten small,

Leviticus 16

and he shall bring it inside the veil 13 and put the incense on the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is over the testimony, so that he does not die. 14 And he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the front…

Leviticus 16

…of the mercy seat on the east side, and in front of the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times. 15 “Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering that is for the people and bring its blood inside the veil and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull,

Leviticus 16

sprinkling it over the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. 16 Thus he shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel and because of their transgressions, all their sins. And so he shall do for the tent of meeting,…

Leviticus 16

…which dwells with them in the midst of their uncleannesses. 17 No one may be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters to make atonement in the Holy Place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel.

Leviticus 1618 Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around. 19 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times,…

Leviticus 16

… and cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleannesses of the people of Israel. 20

“And when he has made an end of atoning for the Holy Place and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat. 21 And Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat,…

Leviticus 16

…and confess over it all the iniquities of the people of Israel, and all their transgressions, all their sins. And he shall put them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness.

Leviticus 1622 The goat shall bear all their iniquities on itself to a remote area, and ahe shall let the goat go free in the wilderness. 23 “Then Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting and shall take off the linen garments that he put on when he went into the Holy Place and shall leave them there.

Leviticus 1624 And he shall bathe his body in water in a holy place and put on his garments and come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people and make atonement for himself and for the people. 25 And the fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar.

Leviticus 1626 And he who lets the goat go to Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. 27 And the bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place,…

Leviticus 16

… shall be carried outside the camp. Their skin and their flesh and their dung shall be burned up with fire. 28 And he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.

Leviticus 1629 “And it shall be a statute to you forever that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves and shall do no work, either the native or the stranger who sojourns among you. 30 For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you.

Leviticus 16

You shall be clean before the LORD from all your sins. 31 It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict yourselves; it is a statute forever. 32 And the priest who is anointed and consecrated as priest in his father’s place shall make atonement, wearing the holy linen garments.

Leviticus 16

33 He shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. 34 And this shall be a statute forever for you,…

Leviticus 16

…that atonement may be made for the people of Israel once in the year because of all their sins.” And Aaron did as the LORD commanded Moses.

Leviticus 16 Notes “…Tell Aaron your brother not to come at any time into the Holy Place inside the veil…”

Israel was always separated from the presence of Yehovah with a veil. Only the High Priest and Intermediary (Moses) could enter into God’s presence.

Leviticus 21:23 “but he shall not go through the veil or approach the altar, because he has a blemish, that he may not profane my sanctuaries,…”

Leviticus 16 Notes

The veil of the temple was torn when Yeshua died, symbolizing there was now a way to be rejoined to Yehovah

The Day of Atonement foreshadows a future time when the Veil will be removed from the eyes of God’s people.

2 Corinthians 3:13-1513 not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face so that the Israelites might not gaze at the outcome of what was being brought to an end. 14 But their minds were hardened. For to this day, when they read the old covenant, that same veil remains unlifted, because only through Christ is it taken away. 15 Yes, to this day whenever Moses is read a veil lies over their hearts. 16 But when one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed.

Zechariah 12:10

And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for [his] only [son], and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for [his] firstborn.

Leviticus 16 Notes

“… 13 and put the incense on the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is over the testimony,…”

Incense is symbolic of our prayers which ascend to Yehovah.

See Revelations 8:3-6, Revelations 15

Leviticus 16 Notes

We see the principle of the Scape Goat established, and the principle of transference of guilt. This foreshadows the time when Messiah would bear our guilt.

First Instance

After Israel had sinned with the Golden Calf, Moses had to again return to the mountain for another 40 days to make atonement for the people.

First InstanceTradition has it Moses returned from the mountain on the Day of Atonement, signifying the people’s sins had been atoned for.

This is where we get the Tradition of the 40 Days of Repentance, which culminates on Yom Kippur

Exodus 32:30-3330 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the LORD; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin. 31 And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold. 32 Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written. 33 And the LORD said unto Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.

Exodus 34:28-30

28 And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.

Exodus 34:28-30

29 And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses' hand, when he came down from the mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him.

Exodus 34:28-30

30 And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come nigh him.

Fulfillment by Yeshua

On the Day of Atonement is when we have the Transfiguration.

Yeshua is declared to be “The Prophet” that Moses spoke of.

He is shown to be the Intermediary of the ReNewed Covenant.

Matthew 17:1-8

1  And after six days Jesus took with him Peter and James, and John his brother, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. 2 And he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as light.

Matthew 17:1-8

3 And behold, there appeared to them Moses and Elijah, talking with him. 4 And Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good that we are here. If you wish, I will make three tents here, one for you and one for Moses and one for Elijah.”

Matthew 17:1-85 He was still speaking when, behold, ma bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him.” 6 When the disciples heard this, they fell on their faces and were terrified.

Matthew 17:1-8

7 But Jesus came and touched them, saying, “Rise, and have no fear.” 8 And when they lifted up their eyes, they saw no one but Jesus only.

Deuteronomy 18:18-1918 I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. 19 And it shall come to pass, [that] whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require [it] of him.

Fulfillment by Yeshua

Moses and Elijah are symbolic of the Law and the Prophets bearing witness to Yeshua.

Yeshua’s clothes became white as light is symbolic of the high priest wearing only the white linen garments on the Day of Atonement, symbolizing that Yeshua has also became high priest of the ReNewed

Future Fulfillment by Yeshua

He will return (soon)as the Righteous Judge, clothes in white, to judge the earth.

On this day he will become King over all the Earth

Today

What about today? Yeshua has already made atonement for our sins and redeemed us, what is left for us to do?

Hebrews 9:7-8,11-127 But into the second [went] the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and [for] the errors of the people: 8 The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet standing: ...

Hebrews 9:7-8,11-12

... 11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building; 12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption [for us].

Today

Today we memorialize what has been done, and look forward to the future fulfillment.

We humble ourselves before him, and examine our hearts to see if there is any part not yet surrendered to him.

Today

In the Spirit of Fast that Yehovah declared in Isaiah 58 we seek to:

loose the bonds of wickedness

undo the straps of the yoke

to let the oppressed go free

to break every yoke

TodayIn short we

Make certain our relationship with Yehovah is clear and there is no hidden sin in our lives

Make certain our relationship with each other is clear and forgive any trespasses against us