20170622b BO Sapporo -...

2017/06/22—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 1

June 22, 2017

Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 2

Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I

Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 201710:30─12:00, Thursday at Lecture Room D103

Bunsho OhtaniInstitute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)

[email protected]://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/pcat


objectives/goal/keywords

objectivesUnderstanding of scientific methods based on the studies onchemicals and environments. No transmission of knowledge inchemistry or environmental science is expected.

goalTo find a way of thinking and to understand fundamental scientificmethods for better interpretation of chemistry and environment

keywordsEnvironment and chemicals, Scientific methods, Fundamentals forchemical research

topicsfuel cell: mass communication and scientific articles/microwaveoven/identification of chemical substances/dioxin/climbing MountEverest/A map of European countries: taking laboratorynotebooks/triple crown in science/jamming up in buses: originality inscience/diet control products and methods: ethics/recycle


format

• Answer several questions in each classes. Any answers areevaluated if meaningful. Answers in null correspond justyour absence. <30%>

• A quiz, leading to and encouraging understanding chemistryand/or science, has to be submitted in the end of this course.<50%>

• Students have to submit "a question" with each nickname toProfessor Ohtani and impression/comments after each classand vote for "question and answer". <20%>


schedule

(1) Apr 13 introduction with introduction(2) Apr 20 mole and Avogadro constant(3) Apr 27 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 11 microwave oven/Internet(5) May 18 originality in science/fake

May 26 (no class)(6) Jun 1 experimental notebook(7) Jun 8 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test(8) Jun 15 cell(9) Jun 22 triple crown

Jun 29 (no class)(10) Jul 6 recycle(11) Jul 13 ecology/green-house effect(12) Jul 20 correlation/recognition/XXXed(13) Jul 27 presentation of quiz (1)(14) Aug 3 presentation of quiz (2)(15)


quiz

• nickname• quiz• expected answer/correct answer• explanation for how the quiz is beneficial for understanding

chemistry and science• results of the internet search for the quiz

Send email by July 25, 2017• Use of texts in email, not using a Microsoft Word file

attachment, is preferable, or• Send a Microsoft PowerPoint file (slide size "4 : 3") for slides

of "quiz (nickname)" and "the others" by file attachment.• subject: me20170727-XXXXXXXX• address: [email protected]

北海道（離島をのぞく）の面積と海岸線の総延長をもとめる方法を説明してください．Interpret the ways for evaluation of area and total length of the coastline of Hokkaido Island.

精度（precision）確度（accuracy）


today's topic = grasping in chemistry

What is cell (denchi)? Interpret in a sense of chemistry.What kind of cell do you imagine?

(1) storing electrical energy as chemicals and converting them into electrical energy

(2) converting certain energy into electrical energy

Find the hidden concept(s) !


energy conversion in various cells

• primary cell: [chemical] (electrical)

• secondary cell (rechargeable battery): lead battery/lithium-ion battery(electrical) [chemical] (electrical)

• solar cell: silicon solar cell(photo) (electrical)

• dye-sensitized solar cell(photo) (chemical) (electrical)

• fuel cell(chemical) (electrical)


today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

triple crown

triple crown 12

In Major League Baseball, a player earns the Triple Crown when he leads a league in three specific statistical categories. For batters, a player must lead the league in home runs, runs batted in (RBI), and batting average; pitchers must lead the league in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average (ERA)

"triple crown" in baseball

Lou Gehrig Ted Williams

Japanese

triple crown 13

a triple crown holder in major baseball in 2012

Miguel Cabrera (Detroit Tigers)since 1965home runs: 44runs batted in: 139batting average: 0.330

triple crown 14

The term treble or Treble is used in association football to refer to a team winning three trophies in a single season. Honours usually considered to constitute a treble are the top-tier domestic league competition, domestic cup competitions, and continental tournaments. Trophies which consist of a single match or two-leg competition (e.g. the FA Community Shield and UEFA Super Cup) are generally not counted as part of a treble.

International trebles (but not in a single season)France won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Euro 2000, and the 2001 FIFA Confederations CupBrazil won the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the 2004 Copa América, and the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup

treble in football: triple crown in soccer

triple crown 15

"triple crown" in science

QWhat are "triple crown" in science?

triple crown 16


QWhat is triple crown in science?"Name" is recorded in

an award, e.g. Nobel Prizename of reaction or principleunitname of societies or journalsadjective

QWho is/are "triple crown" in science?

triple crown 17




QWho is/are "triple crown" in science?Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934), Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Michel Faraday (1791-1867), Isaac Newton (1642-1727), Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947)

triple crown 18




QWho is quintuple crown in science?

triple crown 19



an award, e.g. Nobel Prize 1932 in Chemistryname of reaction or principle ... isotherm/...-Blodgett filmunit Langmuir, a unit of "exposure"name of societies or journals Langmuiradjective Langmuirian

QWho is quintuple crown in science?Irving Langmuir (1881-1957)

Langmuir 20

The Solvay Conferences on Physics

The 5th conference "Radiation theory and quantum" was organized by Solvay and Nernst, who was a supervisor of Langmuir. Langmuir and Lewis proposed "Octet Model" of

chemical bonds.

12 3 4

5

6 7

28

89

10

11

1213 14 17

16

1920

22

252618

21 2324

272915

Langmuir 21

The Solvay Conferences on Physics

The 5th conference "Radiation theory and quantum" was organized by Solvay and Nernst, who was a supervisor of Langmuir. Langmuir and Lewis proposed "Octet Model" of

chemical bonds.

Lang

mui

r

Pra

nck

Cur

ie

Lore

ntz

Ein

stei

n

Lang

evin

Sch

raed

inge

r

Pau

li

Hei

senb

erg

Deb

ye

Knu

dsen

Bra

gg

Boh

r

Bor

nde B

rogl

ie

Com

pton

Dila

c

Langmuir 22

Lewis-Langmuir theory

assuming "octet" and put electrons at the corners

bonds are made to fill up the cornerssingle bond: ridge sharing/double bond: face sharing

Langmuir 23

Lewis-Langmuir theory

Hydrogen cannot fill up all the cornersimpossible to show triple bonds

showing electrons by dots and arrange 8 dots around an atom

Langmuir 24

a scientific journal, Langmuir

published by the American Chemical Societyin the field of surface, interface and colloids (physical chemistry)

Langmuir ranks #2 in citations out of 121 journals in the category of Physical Chemistry with 84,792 total citations. The journal received an ISI Impact Factor of 3.898, and published 2,000 articles in 2009*.

Langmuir 25

Langmuir-Blodgett films

developing molecules having hydrophilic and hydrophobic partshydrophilic part facing to water/interaction among hydrophobic parts

Langmuir 26

going out of a light bulb

General Electric (GE), founded by Thomas Edison, developed and manufactured light bulbs with tungsten filaments.

Tungsten is less volatile due to its high melting point (3407 deg C) and shows high electric resistivity; a good material for filaments.

"Impurity" in a bulb leads to going out.

QWhy light bulbs with a tungsten filament goes out?What is the impurity?

Langmuir 27

going out of a light bulb

General Electric (GE), founded by Thomas Edison, developed and manufactured light bulbs with tungsten filaments.

Tungsten is less volatile due to its high melting point (3407 deg C) and shows high electric resistivity.

"Impurity" in a bulb leads to going out

Afilament becoming thin due to "Langmuir cycle"

Langmuir 28

Langmuir cycle

W

H2O

WO3

H2 WO3

W

• Water, impurity, is adsorbed on tungsten surface and leads to formation of tungsten oxide (low melting point) and hydrogen.

• Volatilization of tungsten oxide to be deposited on an inner glass face.• Reaction of tungsten oxide with hydrogen produces water leaving

tungsten on the glass surface.

Langmuir 29

contribution of Langmuir

research work in GEHe found that adsorption of water should be avoided and that filling up

inert gas, e.g., argon is effective.considered correlations between pressure of gas and amount of

adsorption, leading to "Langmuir isotherm"

Langmuir's theory on adsorption• applicable to almost all adsorptions, especially those occurring in liquid

phase• can be derived theoretically• often combined with kinetic equation for catalytic (photocatalytic)

reactions

Langmuir 30

adsorption isotherms named after proposers

Q Which is a Langmuir isotherm?

amou

nt o

f ads

orpt

ion

equilibrium pressure/concentration

equilibrium pressure/concentration

A B

C D

Henry Langmuir

FreundlichBrunauer-Emmett-Teller

Langmuir 31

three assumptions for derivation of Langmuir eq.

• All the adsorption sites are same in quality, i.e., strength of capturing an adsorbate is constant

• Only one adsorbate is adsorbed by one site.

• There is no interaction between sites, i.e., adsorption not influenced by adsorption of neighboring sites

des.

ads.

des.

ads.VVOOO V

Langmuir 32

adsorption equilibrium

adsorption equilibrium:same rates of adsorption and desorption

Adsorption rate depends on (1) concentration in bulk and (2) number (density) of vacant sites (V)Desorption rate depends on number (density) of occupied sites (O).

des.

ads.

des.

ads.VVOOO V

Langmuir 33

Q: Derive the Langmuir isotherm.

Same rate of adsorption and desorption at equilibriumrate of adsorption: ra =rate of desorption: rd =

=KC/(1 + KC )

vacant site: [v], occupied site: [o], coverage = [o]/([v] + [o]), concentration at equilibrium: C, rate constants: ka and kd, adsorption equilibrium constant: K = ka/kd

ka[v]Ckd[o]

ka[v]C = kd[o]kaC [v]/([v]+[o]) = kd[o]/([v]+[o])

kaC (1 - ) = kdKC (1 - ) =

Langmuir 34

Langmuir isotherm

There are two limits: linear part and saturated part.

equilibrium concentration

amou

nt o

f ads

orpt

ion

proportional to concentration

approaching to the limit, s

KCsKCs +

==1

ads[S]

Langmuir 35

adsorption and photocatalytic activity

• the larger the adsorbed substrate(s), the higher the activity

• the larger the surface area, the larger the adsorbed amount

an examplelinear relation between the rate and adsorbed silver ion (J. Phys. Chem., 87 (1997) 3550.


today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

triple crown

(1) simple and easily understandable(2) open for everybody

XXX'ed!!!（○○○た！）


comments on this lecture and question

Please send email in Japanese or English within 48 hours

to: [email protected]: me20170622-XXXXXXXX(your id number)

[email protected]<full name><nickname><comments on today's lecture><question(s): at least one>


sample mail

to: [email protected]

subject: me20170622-12345678

me20170622-12345678

[email protected]

大谷文章

某教授

今日の講義ではなぜ講義名が「分子環境学特論I」なのかはわかりませんでしたが，これからの講義がすこし楽しみです．

先生はなんでそんなにモテるんですか．

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