2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) for 2017 .docx.pdf · Air pollution is associated with...

Middlesbrough Council

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995

Local Air Quality Management

June 2017


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

Local Authority Officer

Paul MacGregor

Department Environmental Protection

Address

Middlesbrough Council PO Box 502 Vancouver House Gurney Street Middlesbrough, TS1 9FW

Telephone 01642 728240

E-mail paul_ macgregor@ Middlesbrough.gov.uk

Report Reference number

MASR17

Date June 2017


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 i

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area

Air Quality in Middlesbrough Council

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised

as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air

pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people,

and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with

equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent

areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK

is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Middlesbrough has formally reviewed and assessed air quality since year 2000, and

has produced statutory annual reports to the UK Government. It has done this in co-

operation with neighbouring Tees Valley Councils to give as broad a picture of air

quality as possible, continuing a long history of joint co-operation between councils

which recognised that air pollution transcended local authority boundaries.

The annual report has consistently concluded that Middlesbrough air quality in areas

where the public may be exposed is good when compared with Government

objectives, and there has been no need to declare any Air Quality Management Areas

in which adverse health effects may exist. Recent information, however, provided

through modelling of nitrogen dioxide pollution in the UK (in response to a legal

challenge that pollution levels have been breached) indicates that higher than

expected levels of nitrogen dioxide exist on a small part of the road infrastructure within

Middlesbrough. The results of the modelling are being investigated.

Middlesbrough, along with neighbouring Tees Valley Councils, has had a strong

industrial heritage. In terms of air pollution, this industrial heritage has not always been

beneficial, and has often made a significant contribution to poor air quality both in

reality and in public perception. Indeed, early air quality monitoring within

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 ii

Middlesbrough and neighbouring councils specifically targeted industrial sources of

pollution. By the beginning of this century, however, industrial air pollution at ground

level had significantly reduced with the closure of old plants and better regulation, a

process which for other less welcome reasons, is accelerating today. In this century it

has been clear that it is pollution from road traffic, with its primary emissions at ground

level, which is now of greatest concern to public health, and air quality monitoring within

Middlesbrough, neighbouring councils, and indeed within Government guidance, has

changed to reflect this.

Actions to improve Air Quality

Road traffic across the UK has increased dramatically, most noticeably in respect of

car ownership. While this is also true within Middlesbrough and neighbouring councils,

there has been beneficial legacy from the industrial heritage in that the road network

has, over a long period, been dramatically improved. Within Middlesbrough, the A66,

A174 and (along the western border) the A19 trunk routes have taken the bulk of heavy

through traffic from the industrialised and port areas near the coast into well-defined

transport corridors to reduce the impact of vehicle emissions on the general public.

Traffic pollution is also an issues along busy commuter roads though fortunately, most

housing along these roads is low rise, and set back from kerbside so that there is good

dispersion of air pollutants compared with older UK cities and towns.

National action in terms of reducing emissions from vehicles is a crucial factor in

reducing air pollution alongside roads. While significant strides have been made in

vehicle engine technology, and on reducing harmful emissions from large diesels

engines in buses and heavy goods vehicles, Government policy has tended to

concentrate in recent years on reducing carbon emissions, and this has filtered down

into local authority policies. There has been a major shift away from petrol engines in

small vehicles to diesel, which, while contributing to lower carbon emissions per mile,

has inadvertently escalated those pollutants judged to be most harmful to public health,

fine particulates and nitrogen dioxide. This has been compounded by inadequate

emission testing regulations, so that actual emissions from small diesel engines in

practice can be significantly higher than the levels provided at the test. This has meant

that the expected benefit of cleaner vehicle technology has not translated into

significantly lower air pollution levels. It will take time for alternative low carbon / low

emission technologies such as electric / hydrogen / hybrid vehicles to become


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 iii

economically viable alternatives as much of the necessary infrastructure nationwide is

not yet available.

A number of local actions to reduce the impact of vehicle emissions have been taken

within Middlesbrough such as:

Initiatives to reduce traffic levels and improve traffic flows

Improving cleaner vehicle technology infrastructure

Promoting travel alternatives

Partnership working in connection with the above actions

These will all contribute, over time, to reduced air pollution, although it is not possible

to quantify the improvements.

To protect health and ensure limit values are not breached as a result of new

development in Middlesbrough, an assessment of air quality impacts that may be

attributed to a new development may be required at the planning stage.

Middlesbrough’s One Planet Living approach to sustainable living, which is a part of

the Mayor’s Vision for Middlesbrough considers the impact transport has upon climate

change and air pollution and promotes the use of sustainable transport options

Middlesbrough Council is also part of the Tees Valley Combined Authority (formerly

Tees Valley Unlimited), which in conjunction with neighbouring authorities take a

strategic view of transport planning within the Tees Valley area to improve transport

and the economy. The Tees valley Combined Authority, Strategic Transport Plan,

supports, amongst others, the following objectives to improve transport options in the

region:

Sustainable Transport – continued development of a complementary programme of cycling, walking and other sustainable transport measures to support economic growth as well as health and well-being;

Tees valley Rail Network – further enhancement of local rail services through active involvement in the new North East Rail Management Unit, to build on franchise improvements and recent Tees valley Unlimited investment in station facilities;


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 iv

Tees Valley Bus Network – further network enhancement to build on the recent Tees Valley Bus Network Improvements investment. The Buses Bill will provide the opportunity to work with operators to develop the future network that is needed;

Tees Valley Area Action Plan – development of a prioritised programme of local highway improvements to facilitate housing and employment growth and to support our strategic priorities.

Local Priorities and Actions

The air quality monitoring for 2016 concludes that Middlesbrough air quality in areas

where the public may be exposed is good when compared with Government

objectives, and there has been no need to declare any Air Quality Management Areas

in which adverse health effects may exist. Recent information, however, provided



expected levels of nitrogen dioxide may exist on a small part of the trunk road

infrastructure within Middlesbrough. The results of the modelling are being

investigated. The reduction of nitrogen dioxide levels within the borough will be a

priority for the coming year. It is likely that Middlesbrough will initiate a Non-charging

Clean Air Zone (CAZ) to raise awareness of air pollution in the borough. As a result it

is intended to establish an air quality forum made up of representatives from the local

authority and public health team along with transport operators and strategic transport

planners from the Tees Valley Combined Authority to improve air quality.

The response received from the annual status report submitted for 2015 identified that

future reports should include information on the key sources of emissions and

contribution by vehicle type to help target measures to improve air quality. It is our

intention to seek assistance with this work and at present we are investigating the

involvement of Masters and Phd students from Teesside University to assist with this

work.


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 v

Conclusions and Priorities

The air quality monitoring for 2016 concludes that Middlesbrough air quality in areas

where the public may be exposed is good. Recent information, however, provided



expected levels of nitrogen dioxide may exist on a small part of the trunk road

infrastructure within Middlesbrough.

The reduction of nitrogen dioxide levels within the borough will be a priority for the

coming year.

As a result of the response received from the annual status report submitted for 2015,

key sources of emissions and their contribution by vehicle type is to be established to

help target measures to improve air quality for the borough.

Local Engagement and How to get Involved

Individuals can help to reduce air pollution by breaking the ‘Car Addiction’! Try to avoid

using the car for short journeys, or reduce the number of short journeys by better

planning. Join a car club, or cycle, or walk. Use public transport when available.

When choosing a new vehicle, consider the environmental impacts. Having a vehicle

that has an automatic cut-out to turn off the engine when the car is stationary reduces

emissions.

Consider buying a plug-in car, motorcycle or van, to reduce emissions.

Ensure that the vehicle is well maintained; keep tyre pressures properly inflated to

manufacturers’ recommendation. Drive more consistently and avoid excessive speed

and prolonged idling.

On a wider front, join a car club / car sharing scheme. Use park and ride facilities

where available. If changing a car, pay greater attention to engine emission levels,

downsize if practicable.

For more information regarding car sharing please use the following link

www.liftshare.com

For more information regarding sustainable transport, walking and cycling please use

the following link www.menvcity.org.uk

http://www.liftshare.com/

http://www.menvcity.org.uk/


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 vi

For more information regarding journey planning across the Tees Valley please use the following link www.connectteesvalley.co.uk. For more information about financial assistance for the purchase of a plug in car, motorcycle or van please use the following link https://www.gov.uk/plug-in-car-van-grants/what-youll-get

http://www.connectteesvalley.co.uk/

https://www.gov.uk/plug-in-car-van-grants/what-youll-get


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 vii

Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area .......................................................... i

Air Quality in Middlesbrough Council .................................................................................. i

Actions to Improve Air Quality ............................................................................................ ii

Conclusions and Priorities ................................................................................................. v

Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...................................................................... v

1 Local Air Quality Management ........................................................................ 9

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...................................................................... 10

2.1 Air Quality Management Areas .............................................................................10

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Middlesbrough

Council ............................................................................................................................10

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or

Concentrations.................................................................................................................24

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality

Objectives and National Compliance .................................................................... 28

3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken .....................................................................28

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites .......................................................................................... 28

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites................................................................................... 30

3.2 Individual Pollutants .............................................................................................30

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)................................................................................................. 30

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) .............................................................................................. 30

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ............................................................................................. 31

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) .................................................................................................. 31

Appendix A: Monitoring Results ........................................................................... 32

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016 ................................ 50

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring

Data QA/QC ............................................................................................................. 52

Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ................................. 56

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England .............................. 59

Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................. 60

References .............................................................................................................. 61

List of Tables

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality……………………………………..14

Table A.1 - Details of Automatic monitoring Sites……………………………………………….33 Table A.2 - Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites………………………………………...34 Table A.3 - Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results……………………………………………...36


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 viii

Table A.4 - 1 Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results……………………………………………..41 Table A.5 - Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results……………………………………………42 Table A.6 - 24 Hour mean PM10 Monitoring Results…………………………………………..46 Table A.7 - PM2.5 Monitoring Results……………………………………………………………47 Table A.8 - SO2 Monitoring Results………………………………………………………… …49 Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results 2016………………………………………...51 Table C.1 - Triple Diffusion Tube Bias Calculation for 2016…………………………………...55 Table C.2 - Data adjustment for Middlesbrough Macmillan College PM10 Monitor…………56 Table E.1 - Summary of Air Quality Objectives………………………………………………….59

List of Figures

Figure A.1 - Trends in annual mean NO2 Concentrations…………….………………………..38 Figure A.2 - Trends in Number of NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m3 ….………………………..43 Figure A.4 - Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results >50µg/m3…………………...43 Figure A.5 - Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations…………………………………….48

Figure A.6 – Trends in SO2 Concentrations ……………………………………………………..50


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 9

1 Local Air Quality Management

This report provides an overview of air quality in Middlesbrough Council during 2016.

It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part

IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance

documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review

and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality

objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the

local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare

an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place

in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual

requirement showing the strategies employed by Middlesbrough Council to improve

air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in

Table E.1 in Appendix E.



2 Actions to Improve Air Quality

2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance

or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must

prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures

it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

Middlesbrough Borough Council currently does not have any AQMAs. Air quality has

been shown, since LAQM started in year 2000, to be consistently and generally good

and this has been accepted by Defra. Recent pollution modelling, however, carried out

by central government has identified two locations next to a main trunk road where

nitrogen dioxide levels may exceed the pollution limit. Ongoing monitoring work is

being undertaken to provide detail around the modelling in line with UK limit values. .

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Middlesbrough Council

Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded

1. The local authority has identified the need to consider PM2.5 and this is supported.

In future reports they could outline how they plan to work together with Public

Health to address this health issue.

2. Future reports should include information on the key sources of emissions and

contribution by vehicle type to help target measures.

The above two items identified in last years appraisal have are yet to be addressed. Details of

our intentions with regard to these matters are identified within this section and section

2.3.

Middlesbrough Borough Council is committed to improving air quality in general, and

does that through joint co-operation with the four neighbouring Tees Valley Councils

through Tees Valley Combined Authority (April 2016, and which includes Tees Valley

Unlimited), and at the environmental health level through the Tees Valley

Environmental Protection Group, which also includes the Environment Agency. The



Council also encourages stand-alone measures that may have beneficial impact on air

quality.

Measures generally impact on vehicle emission reductions and changing transport

attitudes through encouraging cycling and walking, and improving public transport.

Examples are:

Promoting travel alternatives to reduce traffic levels with measures such

as

o A free indoor secure cycle centre for town centre bike parking is available

for people to use at the Middlesbrough Bus station to encourage cycling

in the town.

o The Introduction in 2016 of a bike lending library for members of the

public

o A websites provided to promote the use of Sustainable transport

information.

o Middlesbrough Council has adopted an agile working policy to

encourage, where possible, home working which will reduce car usage

in the town.

o Bikability scheme (cycling proficiency for the 21st century) offered to

primary school children delivering training to 815 year 5 and year 6

children

o Work based travel plans and School travel planning

o Promotion of cycling and walking initiatives through Middlesbrough

Environment City (a partner organisation with Middlesbrough Council)

who can be contacted at www.menvcity.org.uk

o Promoting car sharing

o Improving audio announcement facilities for visually impaired people at

300 bus stops in Middlesbrough

o Middlesbrough Councils Planning policy identifies that plans for a

development should contribute, where appropriate, to one of a

sustainable development so that services and facilities are

http://www.menvcity.org.uk/



accessible on foot, bicycle, or by public transport. Reliance on the

private car must be reduced or minimised and the use of

sustainable forms of transport encouraged.

Improving traffic flows to reduce congestion with measures such as

o Carrying out works to pinch points on the highway network to address

bus route inefficiency

o Variable message signs to alert drivers to problems and assist in

managing the traffic

o Installation of strategic bus priority infrastructure to improve reliability and

speed of journey

o Throughout Middlesbrough borough, appropriate roads, have a 20 mph

restriction to improve safety and reduce emissions through engine

efficiency

Prioritise lower emission vehicles within the Council fleet and low emission

infrastructure.

o Council fleet vehicle procurement prioritises uptake of lower emission

vehicles with the intention to purchase Euro 6 specification vehicles as

part of the ongoing fleet renewal programme.

o The installation of 11 electric vehicle charging bays at Council car parks

o To ensure the use of taxis with lower emission vehicles Middlesbrough

Council taxi licensing policy limits the age of a vehicle, for a first time

license, to 3 years old and the maximum age a vehicle can be licensed

as a taxi is 8 years old (except for London style Taxis and side loading

wheelchair accessible vehicles approved by the Council which can be up

to 10 years old)

The above schemes in the most part do not address specific air quality issues, but all

will have a bearing on improving air quality.



Measures are proposed to improve air quality further in Middlesbrough council. The

adoption of a non-charging Clean Air Zone (CAZ) in Middlesbrough is being considered

to reduce nitrogen dioxide pollution in line with the Draft UK Air Quality Plan for tackling

nitrogen dioxide. It is expected that the introduction of a CAZ will however also reduce

other pollutants especially those associated with road traffic emissions including

particulate matter 2.5. A number of the measures identified in the air quality plan for a

non-charging CAZ have already been adopted with Middlesbrough and are listed

above. We would, however, as part of a CAZ wish to look at including further

measures, such as encouraging the use of ULEV’s by investigating funding streams

for more charging points within the borough. We would also wish to explore funding

that could be sought for retro-fitting vehicles with pollution-reducing technology as well

as investigating the possibilities of measures that could be sought to improve the

councils own vehicle fleet. A CAZ in Middlesbrough will also require investigation of

methods to reduce emissions from vehicles or the number of vehicles using the A66

road through the town on the stretches where modelled NO2 concentrations are said

to breach EU standards. The solution will have to be innovative and also take into

account the economic impacts that actions would have upon the Tees Valley area

Our intention is to establish an air quality forum to include representatives from

Middlesbrough Council’s Transport and Highways, Planning and Policy, Environmental

Protection and the Fleet Management teams within the authority. Organisations

outside of the authority such as bus and taxi operators along with road hauliers will

also be included were possible to encourage the uptake of technology that will reduce

pollution. To address the issues around harm caused by pollution it would be our

intention to have a representative of the Public Health team from the council along with

a practitioner in public heath from the health authority to also be part of the forum. To

ensure that Middlesbrough Council is not working in isolation with regard to the CAZ it

would be our intention to involve the Tees Valley Combined Authority (TVCA) which

represents Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, Hartlepool, Darlington and

Stockton on Tees councils, with regard to the work of the forum. The most likely

method of achieving this would be through input into the TVCA’s which in turn would

feed into the Strategic Transport Plan for the combined authorities.



Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Measure No.

Measure EU Category EU

Classification

Organisations involved and

Funding Source

Planning Phase

Implementation Phase

Key Performance

Indicator

Reduction in Pollutant /

Emission from Measure

Progress to Date

Estimated / Actual

Completion Date

Comments / Barriers to

implementation

1

Middlesbrough Cycle Centre

provides pool bikes via Yorkshire Bike

Library

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of cycling

LA, TVCA & MEC: Access

Funding 2016 2016

To reduce vehicle use

Implementation on-going

2020

2

Free, indoor secure cycle centre for town centre bike parking.

Located in Middlesbrough bus

station transport hub, the Cycle Centre offers

showers, lockers and help and advice

Promoting Travel

Alternatives



Funding 2008 2008

To encourage cycling in the town


2020

3

Bikeability (Cycle proficiency for the

21st Century) offered to primary

school children

Promoting Travel

Alternatives



Funding 2006 2006



2020

4

Middlesbrough Bike Academy provides a

wealth of cycle maintenance

training to assist people cycling more

frequently

Promoting Travel

Alternatives



Funding 2013 2013



2020

5

Child pedestrian training delivered across all primary

schools. Walk leader co-ordinators deliver

guided walks to groups.

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of walking


Funding 2006 2006

To encourage alternatives to

vehicle use


On-going



6

Installation of physical traffic

calming initiatives to keep vehicle speeds

low

Traffic Management

Reduction of speed limits,

20mph zones

LA: LTP 2014 2014

To improve safety however the

measure should also reduce exhaust

emissions.

Planning ongoing for new

measures On-going

Adhoc schemes implemented as

and when statistics

demonstrate a need or

requirement

7

Council Fleet Vehicle

Procurement -Prioritising uptake of

low emission vehicles – the

intention to purchase Euro 6

specification vehicles as part of the ongoing fleet

renewal programme

Promoting Low Emission

Transport

Company Vehicle

Procurement -Prioritising uptake of

low emission vehicles

LA: LTP 2015 2015 To reduce emissions Implementation

on-going On-going

8

Alternative refuelling infrastructure to

promote Low Emission Vehicles, EV recharging, gas fuel recharging has been installed at the

Councils Depot Facility.


Transport

Procuring alternative Refuelling

infrastructure to promote

Low Emission

Vehicles, EV recharging,

Gas fuel recharging

LA 2011 2011 To promote low

emission vehicle use Implementation

on-going On-going

9

Taxi licensing policy limits the age of a vehicle for a first time license to 3 years old. The

maximum age that a vehicle can be

licensed as a taxi is 8 years old. (except

for London style Taxis and side

loading wheelchair accessible vehicles

approved by the council which can be up to 10 years old).


Transport

Taxi Licensing conditions

LA 2010 2010

To control the age of taxi vehicles which in turn encourages the use of newer

vehicles producing less emissions in

the fleet


On-going



10

Variable Messaging Signs are used on

the strategic network to alert drivers to

traffic problems and assist in managing

the traffic.

Traffic Management

UTC, Congestion managemen

t, traffic reduction

LA: LTP 2014 2014 To reduce traffic

congestion Implementation

on-going On-going

Signage monitored to

ensure effective use.

11

20mph zones across entire Borough to

improve safety, and subsequently reduce

emissions through engine efficiency

Traffic Management

Reduction of speed limits,

20mph zones

LA: LTP 2012 2012 To reduce emissions

as a product of increased safety


On-going

Statistics monitored to

ensure effectiveness of

scheme. Development sites actively monitored

to ensure implementation.

12

Installation of strategic bus priority

infrastructure to improve reliability

and speed of journey

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-

prioritising road space away from

cars, including Access

management, Selective

vehicle priority, bus priority, high

vehicle occupancy

lane

TVCA & LA: LGF

2010 2010

To improve bus efficiency and

encourage use of the bus network


On-going

Actively monitored to ensure

resident’s needs are met.

13

Work based travel plans available to

any Middlesbrough-based organisation. Picked up as part of planning conditions

for large developments.

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Workplace Travel

Planning

TVCA & LA: Access Funding

& LTP 2001 2001


Planning Actively

undertaken On-going

Resources are allocated to

ensure delivery.

14

Home working is supported at

Middlesbrough Council to remove

the need for transport.

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Encourage / Facilitate

home-working

LA 2008 2008 To reduce vehicle

use

The home working scheme

has been reviewed and expanded to promote agile

On-going Contributes to the

alleviation of congestion.



working allowing staff to more effectively work at home

15

Dedicated journey planning website across The Tees

Valley is supported www.connectteesvalley.co.uk. Work with

Job Centre to promote journey

planning for unemployed people looking to get back

in to work.

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Personalised Travel Planning

TVCA & LAs: Access Funding

2010 2010 Promotion of

sustainable modes of transport


On-going Site actively

updated

16

There is a 100% coverage of school

travel plans in Middlesbrough,

completed by 2010

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

School Travel Plans

LA: Safe Travel 2009 2009 To reduce vehicle

use Implementation

on-going On-going

17

Widespread promotion of cycling initiatives across the Borough through a

range of approaches

Promoting Travel

Alternatives



2001 2001 To reduce vehicle

use Implementation

on-going 2020

18

Widespread promotion of walking initiatives across the Borough through a

range of approaches

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of walking



use Implementation

on-going 2020

19

Ongoing work with operators to

promote rail travel across the Borough

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promote use of rail and

inland waterways

TVCA & LAs 2001 2001 To reduce vehicle

use Implementation

on-going On-going

20

Ongoing work with operators to

promote bus travel across the Borough

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promote use of rail and

inland waterways

TVCA & LAs 2001 2001 To reduce vehicle

use Implementation

on-going On-going

21

Websites are used to promote all sustainable

transport information -

www.connectteesval

Public Information

via the Internet



use Implementation

on-going On-going

Website actively montiored and

updated



ley.com / www.middlesbrough

.gov.uk / www.menvcity.org.u

k

22

A series of printed material available,

supporting sustainable

transport. This includes

walking/cycling maps, guided route golders and public transport literature

Public Information

via leaflets TVCA & LAs:

Access Funding 2001 2001



On-going

23

Improvements to public transport

hubs. Installation of new station at James Cook

University Hospital to support

passenger facilities.

Transport Planning and Infrastructure

Public transport

improvements-

interchanges stations and

services

LA 2014 2014 To reduce vehicle

use

Evaluation of usage being

carried out and monitored. This

facility is promoted as an

alternative sustainable

transport mode.

On-going

24

Create new and improved Cycling

Infrastructure, Sustainable

Transport networks that improve

connectivity. The Council adopted 10 year infrastructure

plan for walking and cycling

improvements.


Cycle network

TVCA & LAs: LGF

2012 2012 Promotion of

sustainable modes of transport


2023

25

Work to address pinch points on

highway network undertaken to

address bus route inefficiency.


Bus route improvemen

ts LA 2001 2001



Implementation on-going, Actively

Monitored

On-going

26

Promotion of www.liftshare.com - publicly available car

sharing website to reduce single

Alternatives to private vehicle

use

Car & lift sharing

schemes TVCA & LAs 2008 2008

To reduce vehicle numbers


On-going



occupancy car journeys

27

Tees Valley Strategic Transport

Plan - The Tees Valley has ambitious

plans to grow the local economy and transport is central

to helping us deliver growth. The

Strategic Transport Plan will support

sustainable transport initiatives

through its aims and themes.

Policy Guidance and Development

Control

Regional Groups Co-ordinating

programmes to develop Area wide

Strategies to reduce

emissions and improve

air quality

TVCA & LAs 2016 2017 Growing the

transport network

Planning & Implementation

currently on-going

2026

28

Rail improvements to Darlington &

Middlesbrough Train Stations, ensuring they are ready for the new Inter-City

Express trains, High Speed Rail and

Northern Powerhouse Rail.

Including Middlesbrough & Darlington Master

Plans


Public transport

improvements-


services

TVCA & LAs 2016 To reduce vehicle

use

Planning currently on-

going 2026

29

Improve Rail links between the Tees Valley and the rest

of the country including key

airports and ports


Public transport

improvements-


services


use


currently on-going

2026

30

Improve the East Coast Main Line, catering for future

growth in both freight and

passenger numbers across the North.


Public transport

improvements-


services


use


going 2026



Including the improvement of the

Northallerton to Teesport rail line.

31

Introduce Newer Trains, such as the

High Speed Rail Trains.


Public transport

improvements-


services


use


going 2026

32

New Tees Crossing - The A19 has been identified as a new

high quality strategic route – an

“expressway” – by Highways England, yet there remains

a pinch point at the Tees flyover. There is a requirement for enhancements to

the A19 corridor and potentially for an additional Tees River Crossing.

Feasibility works are currently underway

for this project, costs for which are

currently estimated between 269 to 450

million.

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-





vehicle occupancy

lane

TVCA & LAs 2016 To reduce traffic

congestion


going 2026

33

Further improvements to the

LRN (Local Road Network) via the Area Action Plan, drawing on LGF schemes and will

inform the future use of the Tees Valley

Funding.

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-




vehicle

TVCA & LAs 2016 2016 To reduce traffic

congestion


currently on-going

2026



priority, bus priority, high

vehicle occupancy

lane

34

Improving the East - West A66 corridor from the A1(M) to

Teesport. The A66 & A689 Strategic

Study, commissioned in 2015 identified interventions

necessary along the corridor, in order to overcome existing

problems and ensure the future

resilience and capacity of this important route. Four proposed

pieces of infrastructure have

been planned.

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-





vehicle occupancy

lane

TVCA & LAs 2016 2017 To reduce traffic

congestion


going 2026

35

Bus Fares & Ticketing System -

Including concessionary fares and introduction of

contactless payment terminals, review of

the pop card.

Promoting Travel

Alternatives Other TVCA & LAs 2016 2017




going 2026

36

Tees Valley Bus Network

Improvement project - the Transport

Committee agreed to adopt a “twin

track” approach to further investigation

of the delivery models for the future

Tees Valley bus network.

Promoting Travel

Alternatives Other TVCA & LAs 2016




going 2026



37

Middlehaven Dock Bridge is being built

as part of a regeneration

scheme, creating a gateway to

Middlehaven. Enhancing accesses

to the A66 and Riverside Park, enhancing the business and

regeneration zones.

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-





vehicle occupancy

lane

TVCA & LAs 2016 2017/18 To reduce traffic

congestion Implementation

on-going 2026

38

Portrack Relief Road is part of a multi-

million pound scheme to develop a

relief road from Longlands to

Ladgate Lane, easing congestion

on both Marton Road and Cargo

Fleet Lane, providing an

alternative through route to access the

south of Middlesbrough.

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-





vehicle occupancy

lane

TVCA & LAs 2016 To reduce traffic

congestion


going 2026

39

Build a database of all predicted future

housing and employment

developments, aiding to inform transport impact

modelling analysis to identify future

congestion points on the transport

network

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-




TVCA & LAs 2016 To improve the

networks efficiency


going 2026




vehicle occupancy

lane



2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are

expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5

(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear

evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature

mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Overview

Particulates PM2.5 are very fine particulates which are now considered to be a more

significant health risk than the larger particulates PM10, as they penetrate further into

the respiratory system and are less easily dislodged. Recognising this, the UK Public

Health Framework (Healthy Lives: Healthy People) includes an indicator relating to

fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This indicator is 3.01 in Health Protection Domain 3 –

Fraction of mortality attributed to particulate air pollution – with the latest factors

across the Tees Valley as follows:

England North

East

Darlington Hartlepool Middlesbrough Redcar

and

Cleveland

Stockton-

on-Tees

Fraction 4.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5

These are estimates of the percentage of mortality attributable to long term exposure

to particulate air pollution.

Particulate PM2.5 is not yet incorporated into LAQM regulation within England. As such

there is no statutory requirement on local authorities to review and assess PM2.5 for

LAQM purposes, and while PM2.5 monitoring across the UK is desirable given the links

to the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF), it is recognised that monitoring

costs can be prohibitive on local authorities. The latest 2016 Technical Guidance

suggests local authorities use results from the national network of PM2.5 monitors to

assess levels, and also provides a nationally derived factor of 0.7 that can be used to

estimate PM2.5 levels from any particulate PM10 monitors that local authorities may

have installed.



Within the Tees Valley, there are three PM2.5 monitors as part of the national network,

Middlesbrough Breckon Hill (Urban Background); Stockton Eaglescliffe (roadside);

and, starting February 2016, Stockton A1035 Nelson Terrace (roadside), all giving

direct PM2.5 annual means. The Breckon Hill and Eaglescliffe stations have PM10

monitors alongside so that a locally derived factor of PM2.5 to PM10 can be calculated

and compared with the national factor and used at local PM10 monitors with a similar

location. The UK target objective for PM2.5 was first introduced in 2008 as an annual

mean of 25 µg/m3 (gravimetric) with no exceedances and a target 15% reduction at

urban background sites between 2010 and 2020. This has been consistently met

across the Tees Valley. The 2016 Technical Guidance has revised this objective to

give local authorities in England a new flexible role in working towards reducing

emissions and concentrations of PM2.5. This will require local authorities to better

understand local PM2.5 sources and emission levels, data which is currently only

available through national estimates.

Technical Guidance recognizes that due to its extremely small size, PM2.5 can travel

for long distances in the air and it is estimated that as much as 40% to 50% of the

levels found in any given area can be from sources outside a local authority’s direct

boundary. Around a quarter of concentrations are thought to be secondary-sourced,

i.e. reactions between other pollutants in the atmosphere. In addition, coastal and rural

areas can have higher proportions of natural sources such as salt, fine sand and

pollens, the extent of which will be weather dependent. This means that locally emitted

PM2.5 will tend to be significantly less than 50% of the total burden, with road traffic and

industry the principle sources.

Middlesbrough PM2.5

Middlesbrough Borough Council is one of five unitary Councils forming the general

area known as the Tees Valley. As shown over, it is central, but has the smallest area,

at 53.9 sq km.



Middlesbrough Borough is the most densely populated of the five Councils, with little

in the way of rural area. It has well-developed retail areas in the town centre, with new

commercial expansion planned for the Middlehaven development in the old port area

of the Tees. Rail traffic is relatively light, with diesel-operated local services to

Darlington, Newcastle, and York, and some through freight traffic from industrial areas

to the East. There is no significant port traffic.

Four IPPC small scale chemical, energy from waste and waste oil recovery industrial

processes are located within the Council area, but these are not significant emitters of

air pollutants. Many larger processes are located in neighbouring Tees Valley Councils

to the East and North, and while these have been known to impact from time to time

on Middlesbrough air quality, they are not on prevailing wind directions.

The main A19 trunk road runs north – south to the West of the Borough, but this, and

its feeder A174 east – west trunk route from the East, run through transport corridors,

with little relevant public exposure in the vicinity. The main A66 east – west trunk route

runs to the North of the town centre, and in most part is within its own transport corridor.

Middlesbrough has the first two Tees crossings from the estuary, and has substantial

through traffic from the east and west. It is also a significant commercial centre within

the region, with substantial commuter traffic into the centre.

The majority of the Middlesbrough area is subject to Smoke Control Orders, and

natural gas is the main source of heating. This means that air pollution from domestic

and commercial sources is low. Industrial emissions from within the Council area are

also low, leaving road transport as the most significant air pollution source.



Fine particulate pollution from road transport is likely to be the principle source, but

even this is limited. Other than the main commuter routes into the town centre, road

traffic is generally light as the significant through-routes are in their own transport

corridors. This general view of sources is reflected in the national 1 km2 sector model

maps for the borough based on 2013 emission source estimates (see Reference 3).

Typical background levels for Middlesbrough in 2013 are shown as

8.8 – 11.5 µg/m3/ km2. The average PM2.5 loading per km2 in 2016 (2013 base map)

is shown as 9.2 µg/m3, reducing to 8.5 µg/m3 in 2020 as a result of planned

Government / EU measures.

Therefore, at this stage of understanding of local fine particulate emissions, it is difficult

to see what positive action can be economically taken by Middlesbrough Borough

Council to reduce PM2.5 levels over the coming years, other than those actions already

identified in section 2.2 of this report. These actions will help, but not in a quantifiable

way.

As detailed above PM2.5 comes from a diverse range of sources. Gaining a better

understanding of the sources and identifying possible hot spots of PM2.5 pollution will

assist in developing strategies and plans to reduce PM2.5 levels within Middlesbrough.

The response received from the annual status report submitted for 2016 identified that

future reports should include information on the key sources of emissions and

contribution by vehicle type to help target measures to improve air quality. It is our

intention to seek assistance with this task and at present we are investigating the

involvement of Masters and PhD students from Teesside University to assist with this

work. With regard to working closer with our public health colleagues, the proposed

air quality forum would include a public health representative to allow closer working

around health issues and PM2.5



3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance

3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with

objectives. Middlesbrough Council has three continuous monitoring stations, reducing

to two in 2016.

Breckon Hill has been part of the AURN national network since 1993 as an affiliated

site now monitoring nitrogen oxides, particulates PM10 and PM2.5, sulphur dioxide and

ozone. LA staff carry out regular calibrations, with details passed to the network

operator (Ricardo - AEA), who carry out QA / QC. A maintenance contract with service

engineers covers six-monthly inspections.

The unit is in school grounds within a residential area near to busy commuter routes.

It is a key public exposure location for all pollutants, and lies on a north-easterly wind

direction (frequency around 15% pa) from the main chemical and steel industrial areas

along the river Tees estuary.

MacMillan College is a Local station owned and operated by Middlesbrough Council

since year 2000, monitoring nitrogen oxides and particulate PM10. LA staff carry out

regular calibrations. A maintenance contract with service engineers covers six-

monthly inspections. The unmodified TEOM is not being upgraded, but results since

2008 have been adjusted to gravimetric equivalence using vcm. In 2015 a decision

was made to end monitoring at this site. The decision was reviewed and it was decided

that monitoring at the Elm Street station should close at the end of March 2016 and

transferred to MacMillan College mid-April 2016. Due to technical issues with the NOx

analyser a new analyser was installed in January 2017 at the Macmillan College site

The unit is in school grounds surrounded at distance by high volume trunk road routes,

and is an important public exposure location for the transport corridor.

Elm Street is a Local station owned and operated by Middlesbrough Council since

2003 monitoring nitrogen oxides and particulate PM10. LA staff carry out regular

calibrations. A maintenance contract with service engineers covers six-monthly

inspections. The unmodified TEOM is not being upgraded, but results since 2008 have

been adjusted to gravimetric equivalence using vcm

The unit lies just off a busy town centre access road, and provides a measure of

pollution trends from vehicles, which is used in the transport plan. The unit is a public

exposure location only for the 1 hour nitrogen dioxide objective. This station was

closed (see above) during 2016.

The locations of the three monitoring sites are shown on the map D1, Appendix D,

page 57. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been

adjusted are included in Appendix C.



3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Starting January 2015, Middlesbrough initiated a comprehensive 20 diffusion tube

study for roadside levels of nitrogen dioxide in response to conflicting messages

regarding potential exceedances of the EU limit value at certain roadside locations.

Three of the tubes are co-located with the Breckon Hill continuous monitoring station

and will provide a local bias factor. For 2016 the network has been expanded to 22

tubes, including the three co-location tubes. As far as possible, best available sites

near to the busiest roads have been chosen, taking into consideration siting

restrictions, access and safety issues.

These diffusion tubes are 50% TEA in acetone, supplied and analysed by Gradko

Environmental. The results are adjusted for bias using the factor from the triple tube

location study in preference to the laboratory (Gradko) overall bias (see Appendix C

for details).

Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D.

Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes,

including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation”

and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.



3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant,

adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on

adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

There have been no exceedances of the annual mean or 1 hour mean objectives at any monitoring location.

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual

mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2016 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in

Appendix B.

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly

mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3,

not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.

Figure A.1 in Appendix A identifies Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations

Figure A.2 in Appendix A identifies Trends in Number of NO2 1-hour Means

>200µg/m3,

Due to the closure of the Elm Street site in 2016 and a monitor failure (that resulted in

the end with the purchase of a new NO2 monitor at the beginning of 2017) at Macmillan

College site, the data for 2016 from both of these sites is limited to the extent that

annulisation of the data was not practical. There have been no exceedances of the

annual mean or 1 hour mean objectives at any monitoring location.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual

mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily

mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not

to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.



There have been no exceedances of the objectives for PM10. The data from the

Breckon Hill AURN site is all ratified data. The data from the Macmillan College site

have been VCM corrected.

Figure A.3 in Appendix A identifies Trends in annual mean PM10 Concentrations

Figure A.4 identifies trends in Number of 24-hour Mean PM10 Results > 50 µg/m3.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Table A.7 in Appendix A presents the derived PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for

the past 5 years. For 2016 data the locally derived factor of 0.73 (from data collected

for both PM10 and Pm2.5 at the Breckon Hill AURN site) applied to the particulate PM10

results at the MacMillan College site. Also shown are the annual means recorded at

the Middlesbrough and Stockton AURN stations.

Figure A.7 In Appendix A identifies Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Table A.8 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored SO2

concentrations for year 2016 with the air quality objectives for SO2.

Middlesbrough Council has monitored sulphur dioxide concentrations at the Breckon

Hill AURN station since 1993.

There is no significant domestic coal burning within the Middlesbrough Council area,

and the main sources are the industrial chemical and steel complexes to the east.

These emissions are now well down on earlier years due to older plant closures and

the requirement for lower sulphur fuels. There is an occasional import from the large

coal burning power stations to the south, but this is not the prevailing wind direction.

All sulphur dioxide objectives are readily met, and this will continue to be the case

within the Middlesbrough Council.

Figure A.6 in Appendix A identifies Trends in SO2 Concentrations



Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site ID

Site Name

Site Type X OS

Grid Ref Y OS

Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Monitoring Technique

Distance to Relevant Exposure

(m) (1)

Distance to kerb of

nearest road (m) (2)

Inlet Height (m)

BH Breckon

Hill (AURN)

Urban Background

450506 519620

PM2.5; NO2; PM10;

SO2; O3

NO

N02 - Chemiluminescent

PM10 - FDMS TEOM O3 - UV Absorption SO2- UV fluorescence

PM2.5- FDMS TEOM

1 30 3.1

MC Macmillan College (Local)

Urban Background

447800 519300 NO2; PM10 NO

NO2- Chemiluminescent PM10- TEOM (VCM

Correction)

1 300 m to A19

and A66 trunk roads

2.9

ES Elm

Street (Local)

Urban Centre

449700 520300 NO2; PM10

NO

NO2- Chemiluminescent

PM10- TEOM (VCM

Correction)

1 35 2.9

Notes:

(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.



Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid

Ref Y OS Grid

Ref Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Distance to

Relevant Exposure

(m) (1)

Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)

(2)

Tube collocated

with a Continuous Analyser?

Height (m)

M1 Alphonsus Street Background 450684 519748 NO2 N 0 2 N 2.7

M2 Saxon Close Near Road 451059 520133 NO2 N 0 40 (from

A66) N 2.7

M3 White Street Near Road 451306 519425 NO2 N 0 10 N 2.8

M4 Alexander Terrace Near Road 452021 519435 NO2 N 0 7 N 2.5

M5 Marton Side Way Near Road 450542 517845 NO2 N 11 (to

Marton Rd) 15 (to

Marton Rd N 2.7

M6 School flagpole

Marton Near Road 451873 515430 NO2 N 0 12 N 2.6

M7 School façade,

Marton Near Road 451877 515433 NO2 N 0 17 N 2.7

M8 The Croft, Marton Roadside 452048 515152 NO2 N 21 3 N 2.7

M9 Finchley Court Near Road 449053 515274 NO2 N 20 (from

A174) 23 (from A174)

N 2.9

M10 Acklam Road Near Road 448113 516775 NO2 N 0 10 N 2.6

M11 Ashford Avenue Near Road 447211 517662 NO2 N 22 (toA19) 39 (to A19)

N 2.6

M12 West Lane Near Road 448050 519099 NO2 N 17 (to A66) 21 (to A66)

N 2.9

M13 Dunlane Close Near Road 447945 519098 NO2 N 14 (To A66)

30 (to A66)

N 2.8

M14 Linthorpe/Granville

Road Roadside 449268 519482 NO2 N 0 5 N 2.7

M15 Borough Rd

Medical Cntre Near Road 450044 519926 NO2 N 0 8 N 2.8



M16 Crown Square Near Road 449451 520632 NO2 N 0

5(Road above

height of tube)

N 2.8

M17 Centre Square,

Albert Rd Near Road 449565 520220 NO2 N 8 (to kerb) 9 N 2.7

M18(2016) Newport

Road/Wilson Street

Near Road 449161 520411 NO2 N 7 7 N 2.5

M19(2016) Ladgate Lane nr

Parkside Roadside 452007 516908 NO2 N 27 1.45 N 2.9

M20 Breckon Hill

AURN Background 450506 519620 NO2 N 0 30 Y 3.1

M21 Breckon Hill


M22 Breckon Hill


Notes:

(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.



Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type

Valid Data Capture

for Monitoring Period (%)

(1)

Valid Data

Capture 2016 (%)

(2)

NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

BH Urban

background Automatic - 98 18.2 16.3 20.3 15.7 18.1

MC Urban

background Automatic 20 20 19.8 20.7 25 24.2

19 see text at *

ES Urban Centre Automatic 28 28 25.1 21.6 22.5 22.3 26 see text

at *

M1 Diffusion Tube - 92 - - - 15.5 19

M2 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 17.9 22.5

M3 Diffusion Tube - 92 - - - 26.6 27.8

M4 Diffusion Tube - 92 - - - 21.4 25

M5 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 14.9 17.7

M6 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 17.1 20.4

M7 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 17.6 17.3

M8 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 17.8 23.4

M9 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 17.5 21.5

M10 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 15.6 18.9

M11 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 22.5 26.8

M12 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 22 25.7

M13 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 22.9 25.9

M14 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 27.3 33.3

M15 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 19.8 23.4

M16 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 33.2 35.4



M17 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 24.3 26.2

M18(2016) Diffusion Tube - 92 - - - - 35.7

M19(2016) Diffusion Tube - 92 - - - - 22.5

M20 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 16.3 17.8

M21 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 15.5 18.1

M22 Diffusion Tube - 100 - - - 16.7 18.0

☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected

☐ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

☐ If applicable, all data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure

Notes:

Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold.

NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.

(1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.

(2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).

(3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

* Data not annualised due to short period of valid data



Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations & Figure A.2 – Trends in Number of NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m3

0

50

100

150

200

250

µg/m

³

Year

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 hour 99.8th percentile

Middlesbrough (Breckon Hill) AURN Station

1 hour 99.8th percentile 1 hour 99.8th percentile objective level

0

10

20

30

40

50

µg/m

³

Year

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Annual Mean


Annual Mean Objective Level 2008



0

10

20

30

40

50

µg/m

³

Year


Middlesbrough (MacMillan College) Local Station

annual mean objective level 2005

0

50

100

150

200

250

µg/m

³

Year






0

10

20

30

40

50

µg/m

³

Year


Middlesbrough (Elm Street) Local Station

annual mean objective level 2005

0

50

100

150

200

250

µg/m

³

Year






Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Monitoring

Type

Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1)

Valid Data Capture

2016 (%) (2)

NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m3 (3)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

BH Urban

Background Automatic - 99 0 0 0 0 0

MC Urban

background Automatic 20 20 0 0 0 0 0(59)

ES Urban Centre Automatic 28 28 0 0 0 0 0(98)

Notes:

Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold.



(3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.



Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for

Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture

2016 (%) (2)

PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

BH Urban

Background - 99 17.2 19.7 16.2 16.6 13.9

MC Urban

background 55 54 17.4 17.8 17.6 17.0 (3) 15.0 (3)

ES Urban Centre

24 23 17.2 17.6 16.9 16.1 13.0 (4)

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes:

Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold.



(3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

(4) Data not annualised due to small amount of data available.



Figure A.3 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations

&

Figure A.4 – Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results >50µg/m3

0

10

20

30

40

µg/m

³ g

ravim

etr

ic

Year

Particulate PM10 Annual Mean


annual mean Objective level 2004



0

10

20

30

40

50

gra

vim

etr

ic e

xce

ed

an

ce

s /

yea

r

Year

Particulate PM10 24 hour Objective Exceedances / year


objective exceedances objective level 2004



Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring

Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture

2016 (%) (2)

PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m3 (3)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

BH Urban

Background - 99 9 5 4 6 3

MC Urban

background 55 54 7 3 6 0 0(24) (3)

ES Urban Centre

24 23 7 3 2 4 1 (4)

Notes:

Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold.



(3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

(4) Data not annualised due to small amount of data available.



Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring

Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture

2016 (%) (2)

PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

BH Urban

Background - 96 10.2 10.8 13.1 10.5 10.2

StocktonEAG Urban traffic - 87 11.4 10.1 10.9 10.7 9.2

MC Urban

background 55 54 12.2 12.5 12.3 11.9 11.0(4)

ES Urban - - 12.0 12.3 11.8 11.3 -

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes:



(3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

(4) PM2.5 at site MD provided by annualised PM10 mean for the site, this was then multiplied by local ratio of 0.73 from Breckon Hill AURN. by ((µg/



Figure A.5 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations

m3) µg/m3)

0

10

20

30

µg/m

³ g

ravim

etr

ic

Year

Particulate PM2.5 Annual Mean

Middlesbrough (Breckon Hill) AURNStation

Annual Mean Objective Level



Table A.8 – SO2 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type

Valid Data Capture for monitoring

Period (%) (1)

Valid Data Capture 2016 (%) (2)

Number of Exceedances 2016

(percentile in bracket) (3)

15-minute Objective

(266 µg/m3)

1-hour Objective

(350 µg/m3)

24-hour Objective

(125 µg/m3)

BH Urban

Background - 95 0 0 0

Redcar Dorm Suburban Industrial

- 99 0 0 0

Notes:

Exceedances of the SO2 objectives are shown in bold (15-min mean = 35 allowed a year, 1-hour mean = 24 allowed a year, 24-hour mean = 3 allowed a year)



(3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the relevant percentiles are provided in brackets.



Figure A.6 – Trends in SO2 Concentrations

MIDDLESBROUGH (Breckon Hill) AURN Station(urban background site classif ication)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

µg

/m³

Year

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 15 minute 99.9th percentile

Middlesbrough AURN Station

15min 99.9th percentile 99.9th percentile objective level 2005

0

100

200

300

400

µg

/m³

Year

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 1 hour 99.7th percentile

Middlesbrough AURN Station

SO2 1-hour 99.7 percentile 99.7th percentile objective level 2004



Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2016

Site ID

NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m3)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual Mean

Raw Data

Bias Adjusted (1.08) and

Annualised (1)

Distance Corrected

to Nearest

Exposure (2)

M1 20.7 19.1 17.3 16.8 missing 17.4 11.0 11.1 14.4 17.7 24.2 24.4 17.6 19.0 19

M2 21.1 20.5 20.9 18.6 18.4 21.0 12.1 12.7 28.3 22.2 29.5 24.0 20.8 22.5 22.5

M3 34.2 26.8 20.8 18.9 20.7 15.8 22.5 21.1 23.3 missing 35.2 43.8 25.7 27.8 27.8

M4 26.9 25.8 22.4 20.7 23.1 20.8 17.1 16.9 missing 21.7 30.9 27.9 23.1 24.9 24.9

M5 19.6 16.3 18.3 15.0 16.1 17.7 7.6 9.1 14.8 20.0 21.9 20.7 16.4 17.7 18.1

M6 26.4 23.4 19.5 14.9 14.0 11.2 14.7 13.2 19.0 17.2 25.2 27.9 18.9 20.4 20.4

M7 21.9 20.1 15.2 15.0 13.0 7.8 12.7 12.3 12.6 15.0 20.6 25.7 16.0 17.3 17.3

M8 21.0 23.9 24.0 20.5 24.0 26.9 12.2 13.0 18.9 23.9 27.3 24.6 21.7 23.4 18.2

M9 25.9 21.4 18.6 17.0 16.9 14.4 13.5 14.5 18.7 22.8 26.8 28.4 19.9 21.5 22.0

M10 21.4 20.6 20.2 17.5 15.0 17.9 10.2 10.6 14.8 19.3 missing 25.2 17.5 18.9 18.9

M11 27.8 27.9 26.6 23.0 20.1 missing 17.7 18.2 22.1 24.5 33.0 32.2 24.8 26.8 31.0+

M12 25.6 26.3 24.0 23.8 21.6 23.6 18.5 15.4 20.8 23.2 32.9 29.9 23.8 25.7 26.2

M13 28.9 25.7 22.0 21.8 18.4 18.9 16.8 18.2 20.5 26.6 32.0 38.6 24.0 25.9 29.5+

M14 34.5 36.7 31.8 25.9 29.4 29.0 22.0 19.8 29.1 32.2 37.1 41.8 30.8 33.3 33.3

M15 23.6 23.2 18.4 20.0 16.7 19.3 missing 16.9 17.7 25.5 27.3 29.7 21.7 23.4 23.4

M16 41.2 35.4 28.0 27.3 26.1 21.4 29.7 29.2 29.2 28.5 50.1 48.0 32.8 35.4 35.4



☒ Local bias adjustment factor used

☐ National bias adjustment factor used

☐ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes:

Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold.

NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.

(1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation.

(2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

+ distance calculator identified result to be treated with caution due to distance between tube and receptor

M17 25.3 28.7 25.4 23.2 20.3 18.0 17.0 19.8 22.9 26.1 35.0 36.3 24.8 26.8 27.0

M18 not put

out 31.9 31.6 29.4 32.9 29.4 27.3 26.7 31.7 37.6 43.3 42.6 33.1 35.7 35.7

M19 not put

out 22.6 20.6 17.4 17.4 18.9 15.2 16.5 19.5 23.7 28.3 28.6 20.8 22.5 16.9+

M20 (co-

located) 21.49 19.65 16.75 13.76 12.91 14.53 9.64 9.75 12.85 17.69 23.9 24.85 16.5 17.8 17.8

M21 (co-

located) 24.19 16.83 16.16 14.38 12.94 14.96 9.7 10.21 14.23 16.98 27.29 24.02 16.8 18.2 18.2

M22 (co-

located) 20.5 16.0 18.5 13.9 13.9 15.0 9.4 8.5 15.6 20.1 24.6 24.8 16.7 18.0 18.0



Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko International Ltd. Tubes are all 50% TEA in acetone.

The bias factor used is one derived from the triple location study at the Middlesbrough Breckon Hill AURN station.

For 2016 the factor was 1.08, calculation shown below in table C1 below.

For information, the overall factor for Gradko International Ltd is shown on the R&A helpdesk database as 1.03

(March 2017 version covering 16 studies).

PM Monitoring Adjustment

The Middlesbrough Breckon Hill AURN monitor is a TEOM-FDMS providing direct gravimetric equivalence. The

Middlesbrough MacMillan College and Elm Street monitors are unmodified TEOMs, adjusted to gravimetric

equivalence using the vcm method.

Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment

The MacMillan College continuous monitoring station had less than 7 months PM10 data in 2016 due to a change

in plan to close the station so monitoring only recommenced in April 2016 and then over 2 months data was lost

due to faults with the analyser, The particulate PM10 annual means have been annualised using three Urban

Background continuous monitor datasets. The calculations are shown in this Appendix, Table C2.

During 2016 all the diffusion tube locations had over 75% data capture and as a result no data required to be

annualised. Elm Street monitoring station was closed at the beginning of April 2016 as a result with such a small

amount of data available for PM10 and NO2 it was decided, upon consultation with the LAQM helpdesk, that it was

not practical to annualise this data. The data has been submitted in the tables above but is identified as not

annualised.

QA/QC of automatic monitoring

The Breckon Hill AURN station is operated under a comprehensive service contract with Enviro Technology

Services Ltd, with QA / QC carried out by Ricardo. Operators of the site have received supplier training.

The two Middlesbrough fixed continuous Local monitoring stations (both NOx and PM10), are modern installations,

operated under a comprehensive service contract with Enviro Technology Ltd. Operators of the site have received

supplier training. Data ratification for Macmillan College and Elm Street site is carried out by Air Quality Data

Management.

The Council is committed to achieving accuracy, precision, data capture, traceability and long term consistency to

ensure that data is representative of ambient air quality. In common with other Tees Valley Councils, Middlesbrough

has a quality assurance and control programme, which includes an established schedule of regular documented

site calibrations and external validation of data. Details are summarised as follows:

Calibration daily ‘automatic’ calibration with manual checks.

Calibration gas obtained from approved gas standard suppliers.



Equipment comprehensive service agreement with the supplier.

Data capture site operators are experienced and trained personnel, monitoring data capture on a daily basis

where possible to ensure that faults are detected and corrected quickly.

Ratification data is screened, to check for unusual measurements. Suspicious data is investigated and if

found to be faulty, is deleted from the records. Particular attention is paid to possible

environmental changes in the vicinity of the analyser.

Data is recorded and compared with earlier results.

QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring

The Middlesbrough nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube programme is operated through an approved laboratory (Gradko

International Ltd) with formal accreditation to ISO 17025 by UKAS and one that participates in the AIR-PT

programme. Particular attention is paid to proper installation of the tubes at the site, and reliable exposure duration

following the DEFRA diffusion tube calendar.



Table C1 – Triple Diffusion Tube bias calculation for 2016

bias factor Breckon Hill AURN

Breckon Hill AURN

Breckon Hill AURN

Average Breckon Hill AURN

Breckon Hill AURN continuous monitor

calculation

Jan 21.5 24.2 20.5 22.1 32.0 v

Feb 19.7 16.8 16.0 17.5 28.5 v

Mar 16.8 16.2 18.5 17.2 21.8 v

Apr 13.8 14.4 13.9 14.0 15.5 v

May 12.9 12.9 13.9 13.2 12.5 v

Jun 14.5 15.0 15.0 14.8 13.1 v

Jul 9.6 9.7 9.4 9.6 7.1 v

Aug 9.8 10.2 8.5 9.5 7.9 v

Sept 12.9 14.2 15.6 14.2 12.0 v

Oct 17.7 17.0 20.1 18.3 17.4 v

Nov 23.9 27.3 24.6 25.3 24.6 v Dec 24.9 24.0 24.8 24.6 24.4 v

Year Ave 16.7 18.1

Averages 16.7 18.1

bias factor 1.08



Table C2 - Data Adjustment for Middlesbrough MacMillan College PM10 monitor

Middlesbrough MacMillan College Annualisation 20156

Newcastle Centre Leeds Centre York Botham

period mean period mean

period mean

jan 13.1 18.2 15.7 feb 10.1 17.2 14.7 march 12.5 19.5 17.8

april 10.4 9.0 12/4 to 30/4 14.2 12.2

12/4 to 30/4 13.6 11.3

12/4 to 30/4

may 13.4 13.4 19.3 19.3 17.6 17.6 june 11.7 11.7 17.1 17.1 14.4 14.4

july 6.8 7.0 1/7 to 25/7 11.1 12.2

1/7 to 25/7 10.8 11.2

1/7 to 25/7

august 8.1 13.5 10.7 sept 10.7 16.3 13.5 oct 11.5 11.5 15.3 15.3 13.2 13.2 nov 9.9 9.9 16 16 14.6 14.6 dec 17.1 17.1 23.9 23.9 22 22.0

average 11.3 11.4 16.8 16.6 14.9 14.9

ration am/pm 0.991 1.012 1.0 average ratio 1.001



Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations

MIDDLESBROUGH COUNCIL AREA

Showing locations of the twenty two nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube sites

1. Alphonsus Street, North Ormesby 10. Acklam Road 2. Saxon Close, North Ormesby 11. Ashford Avenue Lamppost 3. White street, North Ormesby 12. West Lane 4. Alexander Terrace, Brambles Farm 13. Dunlane Close, West Lane 5. Marton Side Way, Beechwood 14. Linthorpe Rd / Granville Rd Corner 6. Captain Cooks School Flagpole 15. Borough Road Medical Centre 7. Captain Cooks School Facade 16. Crown House Middlehaven 8. The Croft, Marton 17. Centre Square, Marton 9. Finchley Court, Brookfield 18. Newport Road / Wilson Street

19. Ladgate Lane near Parkside 20,21,22 Breckon Hill School AURN co-location tubes



MIDDLESBROUGH COUNCIL AREA showing locations of the three automatic monitoring stations

MacMillan College Local Station

Elm Street Local Station

Breckon Hill AURN Station

↑North Industrial areas to north east



Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England

Pollutant Air Quality Objective4

Concentration Measured as

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year

1-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Particulate Matter (PM10)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

24-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)


1-hour mean


24-hour mean


15-minute mean

4 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).



Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

CAZ Clean Air Zone

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

TVCA Tees Valley Combined Authority



References

1. LAQM Technical Guidance 2016

Published by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, April 2016

2. LAQM Policy Guidance

Published by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, April 2016

3. 2013 Particulate PM2.5 Background Data for Middlesbrough

Published by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Data Archive

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