2016 Higher Level Geography Exam Answers JC … · 2016 Higher Level Geography Exam Answers...

2016 Higher Level Geography Exam Answers JC-Learn

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JC-Learn

Geography

Higher Level

2016 Exam Answers


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Section 1

1.

(i) Sandstone (ii) Sedimentary (iii) County Cork

2.

(i) Meanders (ii) Alluvium (iii) Hydro

3.

A. Evaporation B. Condensation C. Precipitation

4.

(i) Slow (ii) Gravity (iii) Regolith

5.

(i) Haiti (ii) 2011 (iii) Richter/Mercali/MMS

6.

C. Inner Core A. Crust B. Outer Core

7. 1,3,4

8A.

X Y

A 2

B 4

C 1

D 3

OR

8B.

X Y

A 4

B 3

C 1

D 2

9A.

Factory worker, brewer, baker

OR

9B.

A. Detached B. Semi-detached C. Terraced


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10A.

H

ygrometer

OR

10B.

Boreal

11.

(i) July (ii) 20 (iii) 70

12.

(i) Mali (ii) Low (iii) Sahara

13.

(i) Losing (ii) Lowland (iii) Oak

14.

1,3,5

15.

X Y

A 4

B 1

C 2

D 3

16.

Cyclonic or frontal rainfall

17.

7.4 km

18.

X Y

A 3

B 4

C 1

D 2

19.

120 m

20.

(i) Centre foreground (ii) Centre background (iii) Oblique


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Section 2

Question 1

A. (i) Limestone rock is formed with the aid of a process called carbonation. When rain falls, it takes in carbon dioxide and becomes a weak carbonic acid. Limestone contains calcium carbonate. The acid reacts with the calcium carbonate in limestone, causing the limestone to dissolve slowly in process known as carbonation. Limestone is permeable (allows water through), so rainwater easily passes through its joints, eroding it further. Due to this chemical weathering, limestone rock is formed. The impact of carbonation can clearly be seen in the limestone landscape of the Burren, Co. Clare. (ii) Limestone: Builders use blocks of limestone in the construction of buildings, Farmers use ground up limestone as a fertilizer. Used to make cement Granite: Used as a. building stone for buildings and monuments. Marble: To make headstone and ornaments. B.

Stalactites -

Drops of water with dissolved limestone (calcium carbonate) seep through rock. Some of these drops hang from roof of cave, which in time drop to floor. These drops leave particle of calcite attached to roof. They grow downward and over thousands of years can grow into columns of calcite forming features known as stalactites.

This feature is labelled B in the below diagram.


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C. (i) Technology has aided peat exploitation with new machinery for the bogs (A ditcher digs drains throughout the bog. These drains allow surplus water to run through. A grader levels the bog. This makes it easier for harvesting machines to do their work.). Technology has also aided peat exploitation with the transportation used now on bogs. These days, bogs have their own railway line, called a turf train. (ii) There is limited commercial peat production in blanket bogs for two main reasons: Blanket bogs are too shallow for commercial peat production so they are not effective. Sometimes, they are only 3m deep. Blanket bogs are found on much higher ground than raised bogs so they are harder to be exploited.


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Question 2 A. (i) X = Labrador Current Y = North Atlantic Drift (ii) One effect that the North Atlantic Drift has on the climate of Ireland is that it has a warming influence on the west coast of Ireland. Increasing the water temperature. Another effect of the North Atlantic Drift (Gulf Stream) on Ireland’s climate is that it keeps the coast ice-free, especially during winter. B. (i) Irrigation is necessary to grow crops in very dry regions. It is the artificial watering of land. (ii) The irrigation scheme I have studied is the Central Valley Project in California. (iii) Benefits of project -

1. During hot, dry summers, water is used to irrigate land. 2. Project generates hydroelectric power, which is used to pump water

through canals to the San Joachin Valley. 3. The cities and towns of the Central Valley receive a regular supply of

water. C. (i) Desertification is the term to describe the spreading of deserts. This happens when soil loses its ability to hold moisture.

One natural cause of it is causes global warming. Global warming within the atmosphere changes patterns of rainfall, which in turn leads to drought. This results in the spread of deserts.

One human cause of it is deforestation. Trees are cut down to meet demands for growing population. The cleared land is used for farms. The wood is used to build houses and as a fuel source. This all results in less teams, and a spreading of deserts.


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(ii) Desertification limits the land's ability to support life, which affects both wildlife and people. The removal of plants and the reduction of plant cover lead to advanced soil erosion and increase the chance of raindrop impact and runoff. Land degradation in the drylands can have direct consequences on the water cycle. If there is low rainfall then drought ensues: groundwater reserves do not refill, water sources become depleted, wells run dry, plants and animals die and humans have to migrate to more hospitable regions.


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Question 3 3A. (i) Netherlands (ii) One reason why new settlements were created on polders is because the reclaimed land is often very fertile, which hugely benefits the practice of agriculture for farmers. (iii) One main characteristic of settlement on polders is that they are in a radial pattern. There is a main town in the centre and all major roads lead to this town.

Another characteristic is that the farms are all planned out very specifically. For example, in Netherlands (Zuider Zee Project), farmers live on family run farms where the fields are laid out in a chessboard fashion.

3B. The country I have studied is Brazil. This is a developing country. Food supply When food supply increases, it allows a population to grow. When it decreases, a population will decline. In Brazil, the food supply for the majority of the population is quite low. This results in increased deaths and a drop in the population. Health When health is improved, the death rate is reduced. There is a lack of access to clean drinking water in Brazil. This results in more deaths. Drinking dirty water causes diseases such as typhoid and cholera. The general health service in Brazil is quite poor, in comparison to a developed country like Brazil. This poor health leads to a decrease in population. 3C. (i) 55% (ii) 25% (iii) Unfair Trade This can block the development of Third World countries. Developed countries often pay developing countries low prices for their raw materials. The developed countries turn these materials into finished products, for which they charge high prices. It hurts the economy of the developing country.


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As well as this, MNCs often set up in developing countries, where workers have few rights. They work long hours, in poor conditions for little pay. The products they make are then sold in the developed world for high prices. This is another negative impact of unfair trade. (iv) Ghana is a country affected by unfair trading. 3D. (i) An example of individual migration is an individual moving from the West of Ireland to Dublin. (ii) A push factor associated with this individual migration is poor job opportunities. It makes sense for a person from the West of Ireland to Dublin in this respect, because there is a much wider variety of job openings in Dublin compared to the West of Ireland, and the jobs themselves are more often than not paying higher wages. The individual may be forced to leave in order to get a job. Another push factor would be a lack of services. There is a serious lack of services like hospitals and colleges in the West of Ireland. Dublin has way more services, especially if you are a young person looking for a college to attend. So, in order to receive further education or a wider variety of services, an individual may be forced to leave the West of Ireland for Dublin. (iii) Effects of migration on the West Farms: Emigration of young farmers leaves older generations behind to farm. They may use conservative methods that are unproductive and unprofitable, adding further difficulties. These leads to less productive farms, and overall, a less productive economy in the West.


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*This question only asks you to answer 3 of the 5 questions. We have answered 3 questions here, to give you a better insight into how you should answer these long questions. *All of the questions 4 & 5s were answered in all of our other past exam answers so don’t worry, as you will be able to learn how to answer this type of question, with perfect answers at your service.


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2016 Higher Level Geography Exam Answers JC … · 2016 Higher Level Geography Exam Answers...

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