2016 Disability Status Report United States · The 2016 Annual Disability Status Report The Annual...

2016 Disability Status Report

United States

USUnited States

2016

www.disabilitystatistics.orgYang-Tan Institute on Employment and Disability at the Cornell University ILR School

Contents

Introduction2016 Annual Disability Status Report 2ACS Disability Questions 3Notes 4

SummaryUnited States Summary 5Prevalence by State: Ages 21 to 64 7Employment by State: Ages 21 to 64 8

DemographicsPrevalence: All Ages 9Prevalence: Ages 4 and under 11Prevalence: Ages 5 to 15 13Prevalence: Ages 16 to 20 15Prevalence: Ages 21 to 64 (Working-Age) 17Prevalence: Ages 65 to 74 19Prevalence: Ages 75 and Older 21Prevalence: Gender and Age 23Prevalence: Hispanic / Latino Origin and Age 26Prevalence: Race 29

OutcomesEmployment 29Not Working but Actively Looking for Work 33Full-Time / Full-Year Employment 35Annual Earnings (Full-Time / Full-Year Workers) 37Annual Household Income 39Poverty 41Supplemental Security Income (SSI) 43Education: High School Diploma / Equivalent 45Education: Some College / Associate's Degree 47Education: Bachelor's Degree or More 49Veterans Service-Connected Disability 51Health Insurance Coverage 53Type of Health Insurance Coverage 55

Glossary 58

About the Disability Status Report 64

2016 Disability Status Report - United States | © 2018 Cornell University 1

The 2016 AnnualDisability Status ReportThe Annual Disability Status Reports provide policy makers, disability advocates,reporters, and the public with a summary of the most recent demographic andeconomic statistics on the non-institutionalized population with disabilities. Theycontain information on the population size and disability prevalence for variousdemographic subpopulations, as well as statistics related to employment, earnings,household income, veterans' service-connected disability and health insurance.Comparisons are made to people without disabilities and across disability types.Disability Status Reports and other statistics are available for the United States overall,each state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico at www.disabilitystatistics.org.

The Status Reports primarily look at the working-age population because theemployment gap between people with and without disabilities is a major focus ofgovernment programs and advocacy efforts. Employment is also a key factor in thesocial integration and economic self-sufficiency of working-age people with disabilities.

The information in this report is based on data from the US Census Bureau's AmericanCommunity Survey (ACS) - a survey sent each year to a random sample of over 3.5million households. For more information see the Census Bureau's ACS websitehttp://www.census.gov/acs/www/ and our Guide to Disability Statistics from theAmerican Community Survey (2008 Forward): http://disabilitystatistics.org/sources.cfm.

The estimates in these reports are based on responses from a sample of the populationand may differ from actual population values because of sampling variability and otherfactors. Differences observed between the estimates for two or more groups may notbe statistically significant.

Suggested Citation

Erickson, W., Lee, C., & von Schrader, S. (2018). 2016 Disability Status Report: UnitedStates. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Yang-Tan Institute on Employment andDisability(YTI).

We would like to thank Sara VanLooy, Jason Criss, and Joe Williams for their assistancewith editing and production of this document.


http://www.disabilitystatistics.org

http://www.census.gov/acs/www/

http://disabilitystatistics.org/sources.cfm

ACS Disability QuestionsThere is no single accepted definition of disability. Different definitions and disabilityquestions may identify different populations with disabilities and result in larger orsmaller estimates.

Below are the six questions used in the ACS to identify persons with disabilities. Notethat the Census Bureau refers to each of the individual types as "difficulty" while in thisreport the term "disability" is used.

Hearing Disability (asked of all ages):

Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing?

Visual Disability (asked of all ages):

Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearingglasses?

Cognitive Disability (asked of persons ages 5 or older):

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have seriousdifficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?

Ambulatory Disability (asked of persons ages 5 or older):

Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?

Self-Care Disability (asked of persons ages 5 or older):

Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing?

Independent Living Disability (asked of persons ages 15 or older):

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficultydoing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping?

Note:

The "Any Disability" category used in this report includes persons who reported one ormore of the individual disability types.Respondents could report more than one disability type.Some disability questions were not asked of children.A separate set of survey questions identify veterans with service-connected disabilities.Based on a separate set of survey questions, this report includes estimates related toveterans' service-connected disability(see page 51).


NotesSpanish Language Reports: Spanish language versions of the Annual DisabilityStatus Reports for the US, all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Washington D.C. can bedownloaded at the same location as the English Status Reports. The Spanishtranslation was made possible through funding from the Northeast ADA Center througha grant from NIDILRR National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, andRehabilitation Research

Puerto Rico: A Puerto Rico Disability Status Report, based on the parallel 2016 PuertoRico Community Survey (PRCS), is available again this year in English as well asSpanish. However, please note that the Puerto Rico sample is not included in any U.S.population estimates included in these reports.

Group Quarters: In 2006, the ACS began surveying the group quarters population.We include the non-institutionalized group quarters population, but due to small statelevel sample sizes exclude the institutionalized group quarters population (see glossary) in the Disability Status Reports.

Margin of Error (MOE): As in previous years' reports we provide the 90% MOE tobetter illustrate sampling variability. See the glossary entry for more information onthis topic.

Glossary: As in previous years, we provide a comprehensive glossary at the back ofthis report defining the terms used in the Disability Status Report.

Note: According to the Census Bureau, estimates based on the ACS Public UseMicrodata Sample (PUMS) file such as those included in this report may differ slightlyfrom the ACS summary tables produced by the Census Bureau, because they aresubject to additional sampling error and further data processing operations. Please seehttp://www.disabilitystatistics.org/faq.cfm#Q4 for further information.


http://www.disabilitystatistics.org/faq.cfm#Q4

United States SummaryThese statistics indicate the social and economic status of non-institutionalized peoplewith disabilities in the United States, using data from the 2016 American CommunitySurvey (ACS).

Age: In 2016, the prevalence of disability in the US was:

12.8 percent for persons of all ages0.7 percent for persons ages 4 and under5.5 percent for persons ages 5 to 156.2 percent for persons ages 16 to 2010.9 percent for persons ages 21 to 64 25.3 percent for persons ages 65 to 7449.6 percent for persons ages 75+

Disability Type: In 2016, the prevalence of the six disability types among persons ofall ages in the US was:

2.4% reported a Visual Disability3.6% reported a Hearing Disability7.1% reported an Ambulatory Disability5.2% reported a Cognitive Disability2.7% reported a Self-Care Disability5.7% reported an Independent Living Disability

Gender: In 2016, 12.9 percent of females of all ages and 12.7 percent of males of allages in the US reported a disability.

Hispanic/Latino: In 2016, the prevalence of disability among persons of all ages ofHispanic or Latino origin in the US was 9.1 percent.

Race: In the US in 2016, the prevalence of disability for working-age people (ages 21to 64) was:

10.9 percent among Whites14.0 percent among Black / African Americans4.5 percent among Asians18.1 percent among Native Americans10.1 percent among persons of some other race(s)

Employment: In 2016, the employment rate of working-age people (ages 21 to 64)with disabilities in the US was 36.2 percent.

Looking for Work: In the US in 2016, the percentage actively looking for workamong people with disabilities who were not working was 7.8 percent.


Full-Time/Full-Year Employment: In the US in 2016, the percentage ofworking-age people with disabilities working full-time/full-year was 23.0 percent.

Annual Earnings: In 2016, the median annual earnings of working-age people withdisabilities working full-time/full-year in the US was $40,300.

Annual Household Income: In the US in 2016, the median annual income ofhouseholds with working-age people with disabilities was $43,300.

Poverty: In the US in 2016, the poverty rate of working-age people with disabilitieswas 26.6 percent.

Supplemental Security Income: In 2016, the percentage of working-age peoplewith disabilities receiving SSI payments in the US was 19.2 percent.

Educational Attainment: In 2016, the percentage of working-age people withdisabilities in the US:

with only a high school diploma or equivalent was 34.1 percentwith only some college or an associate degree was 31.5 percentwith a bachelor's degree or more was 14.4 percent.

Veterans Service-Connected Disability: In 2016, the percentage of working-agecivilian veterans with a VA determined Service-Connected Disability was 25.1 percentin the US.

Health Insurance Coverage: In 2016 in the US, 90.3 percent of working-age peoplewith disabilities had health insurance.


Prevalence: Ages 21 - 64This summary lists percentages by state of non-institutionalized working-age (ages 21to 64) people with disabilities using data from the 2016 American Community Survey(ACS). The US disability prevalence rate for this population was 10.9%

Location 2016 (%) Location 2016 (%)

Alabama 14.7 Montana 13.0

Alaska 12.3 Nebraska 10.2

Arizona 11.3 Nevada 11.4

Arkansas 15.6 New Hampshire 10.6

California 8.5 New Jersey 8.0

Colorado 9.0 New Mexico 13.3

Connecticut 8.7 New York 9.2

Delaware 9.8 North Carolina 12.3

District of Columbia 9.7 North Dakota 9.0

Florida 10.7 Ohio 12.3

Georgia 11.5 Oklahoma 15.1

Hawaii 8.0 Oregon 12.7

Idaho 12.2 Pennsylvania 12.2

Illinois 9.0 Puerto Rico 18.1

Indiana 12.4 Rhode Island 11.7

Iowa 10.1 South Carolina 13.3

Kansas 11.3 South Dakota 10.0

Kentucky 17.0 Tennessee 14.4

Louisiana 14.3 Texas 10.2

Maine 13.4 Utah 9.3

Maryland 9.1 Vermont 12.0

Massachusetts 9.3 Virginia 9.8

Michigan 13.1 Washington 11.3

Minnesota 8.9 West Virginia 18.5

Mississippi 15.1 Wisconsin 9.8

Missouri 13.2 Wyoming 12.4


Employment: Ages 21 - 64This summary lists employment rates by state of non-institutionalized working-age(ages 21 to 64) people with disabilities using data from the 2016 American CommunitySurvey (ACS). The employment rate in the US for this population was 36.2% forpeople with disabilities and 78.9% for people without disabilities.

Location

Peoplewith

Disabilities 2016

Peoplewithout

Disabilities 2016

Location

Peoplewith

Disabilities 2016

Peoplewithout

Disabilities 2016

Alabama 27.9 75.5 Montana 42.7 80.9

Alaska 49.4 77.6 Nebraska 49.8 85.7

Arizona 35.1 76.1 Nevada 42.6 77.6

Arkansas 32.0 77.6 New Hampshire 45.6 85.2

California 35.0 76.5 New Jersey 37.4 79.7

Colorado 42.8 81.5 New Mexico 31.6 73.9

Connecticut 39.0 81.4 New York 33.0 77.9

Delaware 36.2 79.2 North Carolina 35.2 78.3

District of Columbia 33.8 80.7 North Dakota 51.5 85.4

Florida 32.7 77.3 Ohio 35.7 80.2

Georgia 34.7 77.9 Oklahoma 36.5 77.7

Hawaii 40.5 81.2 Oregon 40.1 78.5

Idaho 42.9 77.9 Pennsylvania 35.2 80.0

Illinois 35.1 79.8 Puerto Rico 23.1 58.6

Indiana 36.9 81.2 Rhode Island 31.5 80.9

Iowa 45.8 84.3 South Carolina 33.4 78.0

Kansas 46.0 82.5 South Dakota 52.0 84.5

Kentucky 31.0 77.6 Tennessee 31.4 78.3

Louisiana 30.9 75.4 Texas 39.7 78.3

Maine 32.4 81.4 Utah 46.2 79.7

Maryland 42.2 82.5 Vermont 41.4 85.0

Massachusetts 38.9 82.3 Virginia 39.5 81.4

Michigan 33.6 78.3 Washington 39.2 79.0

Minnesota 48.7 85.5 West Virginia 27.9 72.6

Mississippi 29.0 74.8 Wisconsin 41.6 83.6

Missouri 34.2 81.0 Wyoming 47.0 80.6


PrevalenceAll Ages

Introduction

This section addresses the prevalence of disability amongnon-institutionalized people of all ages in the United States, using datafrom the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). For definitions ofterms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:All Ages

12.8%

In 2016, the overall percentage (prevalence rate) ofpeople with a disability of all ages in the US was 12.8percent.In other words, in 2016, 40,890,900 of the319,215,200 individuals of all ages in the US reportedone or more disabilities.In the US in 2016, among the six types of disabilitiesidentified in the ACS, the highest prevalence rate wasfor "Ambulatory Disability," 7.1 percent. The lowestprevalence rate was for "Visual Disability," 2.4percent.


Prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized people of allages in the United States in 2016*

Disability Type % MOE Number MOE Base Pop. SampleSize

Any Disability 12.8 0.05 40,890,900 156,510 319,215,200 3,085,278

Visual 2.4 0.02 7,675,600 71,690 319,215,200 3,085,278

Hearing 3.6 0.03 11,445,600 87,010 319,215,200 3,085,278

Ambulatory 7.1 0.04 21,246,400 116,670 299,489,800 2,923,204

Cognitive 5.2 0.03 15,507,300 100,620 299,489,800 2,923,204

Self-Care 2.7 0.02 8,134,300 73,740 299,489,800 2,923,204

Independent Living 5.7 0.04 14,788,800 98,380 258,311,400 2,554,281

* Note: Children under the age of five were only asked about Vision and Hearingdisabilities. The Independent Living disability question was only asked of persons aged16 years old and older.


PrevalenceAges 4 years and under

Introduction

This section focuses on the prevalence of disability amongnon-institutionalized children ages 4 and under in the United States,using data from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). Only thetwo sensory disability questions were asked of this population. Fordefinitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Ages 4 and

under

0.7%

In 2016, the overall percentage (prevalence rate) ofchildren with a visual and/or hearing disability ages 0 to4 in the US was 0.7 percent.In other words, in 2016, 138,500 of the 19,725,400children ages 0 to 4 in the US reported one or moredisabilities.In the US in 2016, 0.4 percent reported a "VisualDisability"In the US in 2016, 0.5 percent reported a "HearingDisability"


Prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized people ages4 and under in the United States in 2016


Any Disability 0.7 3.29 138,500 9,740 19,725,400 162,074

Visual 0.4 3.29 78,600 7,340 19,725,400 162,074

Hearing 0.5 3.29 94,400 8,050 19,725,400 162,074


PrevalenceAges 5 to 15 years

Introduction

This section focuses on the prevalence of disability amongnon-institutionalized children ages 5 to 15 in the United States, usingdata from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS)*. For definitionsof terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Ages 5 to15 years

5.5%

In 2016, the overall percentage (prevalence rate) ofchildren with a disability ages 5 to 15 in the US was 5.5percent.In other words, in 2016, 2,484,100 of the 45,347,200individuals ages 5 to 15 in the US reported one or moredisabilities.In the US in 2016, among the five types of disabilities*identified in the ACS, the highest prevalence rate wasfor "Cognitive Disability," 4.2 percent. The lowestprevalence rate was for "Hearing Disability," 0.6 percent.

* Note: The "Independent Living Disability" question was not asked of children ages15 years and younger.


Prevalence of disability* among non-institutionalized people ages5 to 15 in the United States in 2016


Any Disability 5.5 0.09 2,484,100 41,120 45,347,200 407,935

Visual 0.9 3.29 388,400 16,310 45,347,200 407,935

Hearing 0.6 3.29 280,300 13,860 45,347,200 407,935

Ambulatory 0.6 3.29 273,200 13,680 45,347,200 407,935

Cognitive 4.2 0.08 1,914,800 36,130 45,347,200 407,935

Self-Care 1.1 3.29 483,000 18,190 45,347,200 407,935

* Note: The "Independent Living Disability" question was not asked of children ages15 years and younger.



Introduction

This section focuses on the prevalence of disability amongnon-institutionalized people ages 16 to 20 in the United States, usingdata from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). For definitions ofterms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Ages 16 to20 years

6.2%

In 2016, the overall percentage (prevalence rate) ofpeople with a disability ages 16 to 20 in the US was 6.2percent.In other words, in 2016, 1,333,400 of the 21,641,500individuals ages 16 to 20 in the US reported one ormore disabilities.In the US in 2016, among the six types of disabilitiesidentified in the ACS, the highest prevalence rate wasfor "Cognitive Disability," 4.3 percent. The lowestprevalence rate was for "Hearing Disability," 0.7 percent.


Prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized people ages16 to 20 in the United States in 2016


Any Disability 6.2 0.14 1,333,400 30,180 21,641,500 205,004

Visual 1.1 3.29 239,400 12,810 21,641,500 205,004

Hearing 0.7 3.29 142,100 9,870 21,641,500 205,004

Ambulatory 0.8 3.29 178,000 11,050 21,641,500 205,004

Cognitive 4.3 0.11 931,800 25,240 21,641,500 205,004

Self-Care 0.8 3.29 166,900 10,700 21,641,500 205,004

Independent Living 2.3 0.09 505,400 18,600 21,641,500 205,004



Introduction

This section focuses on the prevalence of disability amongnon-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21 to 64) in the UnitedStates, using data from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS).For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Ages 21 to 64

years

10.9%

In 2016, the overall percentage (prevalence rate) ofworking age people (ages 21 to 64) with a disabilityin the US was 10.9 percent.In other words, in 2016, 20,062,500 of the184,582,700 individuals ages 21 to 64 in the USreported one or more disabilities.In the US in 2016, among the six types of disabilitiesidentified in the ACS, the highest prevalence rate wasfor "Ambulatory Disability," 5.4 percent. The lowestprevalence rate was "Self-Care Disability," 1.9percent.




Any Disability 10.9 0.06 20,062,500 113,600 184,582,700 1,735,531

Visual 2.1 0.03 3,798,200 50,740 184,582,700 1,735,531

Hearing 2.1 0.03 3,934,300 51,630 184,582,700 1,735,531

Ambulatory 5.4 0.04 10,027,900 81,630 184,582,700 1,735,531

Cognitive 4.6 0.04 8,408,200 74,940 184,582,700 1,735,531

Self-Care 1.9 3.29 3,575,900 49,250 184,582,700 1,735,531

Independent Living 3.9 0.04 7,156,600 69,280 184,582,700 1,735,531



Introduction

This section explores the prevalence of disability amongnon-institutionalized people ages 65 to 74 in the United States, usingdata from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). For definitions ofterms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Ages 65 to 74

years

25.3%

In 2016, the overall percentage (prevalence rate) ofpeople with a disability ages 65 to 74 in the US was25.3 percent.In other words, in 2016, 7,188,600 of the 28,387,900individuals ages 65 to 74 in the US reported one ormore disabilities.In the US in 2016, among the six types of disabilitiesidentified in the ACS, the highest prevalence rate wasfor "Ambulatory Disability," 15.4 percent. The lowestprevalence rate was for "Self-Care Disability," 4.4percent.




Any Disability 25.3 0.21 7,188,600 69,430 28,387,900 341,367

Visual 4.5 0.10 1,277,600 29,540 28,387,900 341,367

Hearing 9.2 0.14 2,623,500 42,240 28,387,900 341,367

Ambulatory 15.4 0.18 4,381,400 54,440 28,387,900 341,367

Cognitive 5.4 0.11 1,535,100 32,370 28,387,900 341,367

Self-Care 4.4 0.10 1,253,600 29,260 28,387,900 341,367

Independent Living 7.6 0.13 2,169,700 38,450 28,387,900 341,367


PrevalenceAges 75 and Older

Introduction

This section focuses on the prevalence of disability amongnon-institutionalized people ages 75 and older in the United States, usingdata from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). For definitions ofterms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Ages 75 and

Older

49.6%

In 2016, the overall percentage (prevalence rate) ofpeople with a disability ages 75 and older in the USwas 49.6 percent.In other words, in 2016, 9,683,900 of the 19,530,600individuals ages 75 and older in the US reported oneor more disabilities.In the US in 2016, among the six types of disabilitiesidentified in the ACS, the highest prevalence rate wasfor "Ambulatory Disability," 32.7 percent. The lowestprevalence rate was for "Visual Disability," 9.7percent.


Prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized people ages75 and older in the United States in 2016


Any Disability 49.6 0.30 9,683,900 80,260 19,530,600 233,367

Visual 9.7 0.18 1,893,500 35,930 19,530,600 233,367

Hearing 22.4 0.25 4,371,000 54,380 19,530,600 233,367

Ambulatory 32.7 0.28 6,386,000 65,520 19,530,600 233,367

Cognitive 13.9 0.21 2,717,400 42,990 19,530,600 233,367

Self-Care 13.6 0.20 2,654,800 42,490 19,530,600 233,367



PrevalenceGender and Age

Introduction

This section examines the prevalence of disability among people bygender and age group in the United States, using data from the 2016American Community Survey (ACS)*. For definitions of terms, seeGlossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Males All

Ages

12.7%

Prevalence:Female All

Ages

12.9%

In the US in 2016, the overall percentage (prevalencerate) of males with a disability of all ages was 12.7percent.In other words, in 2016, 19,803,600 of the156,357,700 males of all ages in the US reported oneor more disabilities.In the US in 2016, the overall percentage (prevalencerate) of females with a disability of all ages was 12.9percent.In other words, in 2016, 21,087,300 of the162,857,500 females of all ages in the US reportedone or more disabilities.

* Note: Children ages 0-4 were only asked about visual and hearing disabilities,children ages 5-15 were not asked the "Independent Living Disability" question.


Prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized people bygender and age group in the United States in 2016


Gender & Age % MOE Number MOE Base Pop. SampleSize

Males

Males: All Ages 12.7 0.07 19,803,600 112,910 156,357,700 1,497,200

Males: Ages 4 and under 0.8 3.29 78,500 7,340 10,115,000 83,161

Males: Ages 5-15 6.9 0.14 1,591,900 32,960 23,189,600 208,789

Males: Ages 16-20 6.9 0.20 766,100 22,890 11,032,400 103,932

Males: Ages 21-64 11.0 0.09 9,960,200 81,370 90,722,600 842,620

Males: Ages 65-74 26.7 0.32 3,539,300 49,000 13,241,800 160,174

Males: Ages 75+ 48.0 0.46 3,867,500 51,190 8,056,300 98,524

Females

Females: All Ages 12.9 0.07 21,087,300 116,270 162,857,500 1,588,078

Females: Ages 4 and under 0.6 3.29 59,900 6,410 9,610,400 78,913

Females: Ages 5-15 4.0 0.11 892,200 24,700 22,157,600 199,146

Females: Ages 16-20 5.3 0.18 567,200 19,710 10,609,100 101,072

Females: Ages 21-64 10.8 0.08 10,102,300 81,920 93,860,000 892,911

Females: Ages 65-74 24.1 0.29 3,649,300 49,740 15,146,100 181,193

Females: Ages 75+ 50.7 0.39 5,816,400 62,590 11,474,200 134,843



PrevalenceHispanic/Latino Origin and Age

Introduction

This section examines the prevalence of disability among people byHispanic/Latino origin and age group in the United States, using datafrom the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS)*. For definitions ofterms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Prevalence:Hispanic All

Ages

9.1%

Prevalence:Non-Hispanic

All Ages

13.6%

In the US in 2016, the overall percentage (prevalencerate) of disability among people of Hispanic/Latinoorigin of all ages was 9.1 percent.In other words, in 2016, 5,191,500 of the 56,811,800people of Hispanic/Latino origin of all ages in the USreported one or more disabilities.In the US in 2016, the overall percentage (prevalencerate) of disability among people ofnon-Hispanic/Latino origin of all ages was 13.6percent.In other words, in 2016, 35,699,400 of the262,403,400 people of non-Hispanic/Latino origin ofall ages in the US reported one or more disabilities.

* Note: Children ages 0-4 were only asked about visual and hearing disabilities,children age 5-15 were not asked the "Independent Living Disability" question.


Prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized people byHispanic / Latino origin and age group in the United States in2016


Hispanic/Latino Origin & Age % MOE Number MOE Base Pop. Sample

Size

Hispanic

Hispanic - All Ages 9.1 0.10 5,191,500 59,190 56,811,800 444,792

Hispanic - Ages 4 and under 0.9 3.29 45,900 5,610 5,074,400 33,930

Hispanic - Ages 5-15 5.3 0.18 604,300 20,340 11,299,000 86,219

Hispanic - Ages 16-20 5.4 0.27 262,700 13,420 4,844,500 39,426

Hispanic - Ages 21-64 8.7 0.13 2,769,600 43,400 31,733,700 246,784

Hispanic - Ages 65-74 29.7 0.78 704,300 21,950 2,368,100 23,107

Hispanic - Ages 75+ 53.9 1.07 804,500 23,460 1,492,100 15,326

Non-Hispanic

Non-Hispanic - All Ages 13.6 0.06 35,699,400 147,570 262,403,400 2,640,486

Non-Hispanic - Ages 4 and under 0.6 3.29 92,600 7,970 14,650,900 128,144

Non-Hispanic - Ages 5-15 5.5 0.10 1,879,800 35,800 34,048,200 321,716


Non-Hispanic - Ages 21-64 11.3 0.07 17,292,900 105,950 152,849,000 1,488,747


Non-Hispanic - Ages 75+ 49.2 0.31 8,879,300 76,960 18,038,500 218,041



PrevalenceRace

Introduction

This section presents the disability prevalence rate amongnon-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21 to 64) by racecategory in the US, using data from the 2016 American CommunitySurvey (ACS). For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

In 2016, among working-age people in the US:

10.9 percent of persons who were White reported a disability.14.0 percent of persons who were Black/African American reported adisability.18.1 percent of persons who were Native American reported a disability.4.5 percent of persons who were Asian reported a disability.10.1 percent of persons who were some other race(s) reported a disability.


Prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized working-agepeople (ages 21 to 64) by race in the United States in 2016

Race % MOE Number MOE Base Pop. SampleSize

White 10.9 0.07 14,576,100 97,700 134,256,600 1,327,419

Black/African American 14.0 0.19 3,267,600 47,100 23,322,800 173,912

Native American orAlaska Native

18.1 0.82 272,900 13,680 1,508,600 18,961

Asian 4.5 0.16 509,700 18,680 11,223,000 102,195

Some other race(s) 10.1 0.21 1,436,200 31,310 14,271,600 113,044


EmploymentIntroduction

This section examines the employment rates of non-institutionalizedworking-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities in the United States,using data from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). Fordefinitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Employment:with disability

36.2%

Employment:without

disability

78.9%

In 2016, the employment rate of working-age peoplewith disabilities in the US was 36.2 percent.In 2016, the employment rate of working-age peoplewithout disabilities in the US was 78.9 percent.The gap between the employment rates ofworking-age people with and without disabilities was42.7 percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest employment rate was for peoplewith a "Hearing Disability," 52.1 percent. The lowestemployment rate was for people with a "Self-CareDisability," 15.4 percent.


Employment of non-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21to 64) by disability status in the United States in 2016


No Disability 78.9 0.08 129,870,100 229,850 164,520,200 1,536,835

Any Disability 36.2 0.28 7,262,500 69,770 20,062,500 198,696

Visual 43.7 0.67 1,658,600 33,640 3,798,200 36,727

Hearing 52.1 0.66 2,051,300 37,390 3,934,300 39,416

Ambulatory 24.9 0.36 2,493,800 41,190 10,027,900 99,215

Cognitive 26.4 0.40 2,218,300 38,870 8,408,200 81,954

Self-Care 15.4 0.50 552,500 19,450 3,575,900 35,973



Not Working but Actively Lookingfor WorkIntroduction

This section focuses on the percentage of non-institutionalizedworking-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities in the United Stateswho are not working but actively looking for work, using data from the2016 American Community Survey (ACS). For definitions of terms, seeGlossary.

Quick Statistics

ActivelyLooking: with

disability

7.8%

ActivelyLooking:without

disability

18.6%

In 2016 in the US, the percentage of working-agepeople with disabilities who were not working butactively looking for work was 7.8 percent.In 2016 in the US, the percentage of working-agepeople without disabilities who were not working butactively looking for work was 18.6 percent.The difference in the percentage of not working butactively looking for work between working-agepeople with and without disabilities was 10.8percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest percentage of not working butactively looking for work was for people with a"Hearing Disability," 9.1 percent. The lowestpercentage was for people with a "Self-CareDisability," 3.4 percent.


Percentage who are not working but actively looking for workamong non-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21 to 64)in the United States in 2016


No Disability 18.6 0.17 6,448,500 65,830 34,650,100 325,555

Any Disability 7.8 0.20 997,800 26,120 12,799,900 126,788

Visual 8.5 0.50 181,200 11,140 2,139,600 20,414

Hearing 9.1 0.55 170,800 10,820 1,883,000 18,681

Ambulatory 4.9 0.21 369,600 15,910 7,534,200 74,962

Cognitive 8.3 0.29 511,800 18,720 6,189,900 60,807

Self-Care 3.4 0.27 102,800 8,400 3,023,500 30,640



Full-Time / Full-Year EmploymentIntroduction

This section presents the percentage of non-institutionalized working-agepeople (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities working full-time/full-year in theUnited States, using data from the 2016 American Community Survey(ACS). For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

FT / FYEmployment:with disability

23.0%

FT / FYEmployment:

withoutdisability

59.4%

In 2016, the percentage of working-age people withdisabilities working full-time/full-year in the US was23.0 percent.In 2016, the percentage of working-age peoplewithout disabilities working full-time/full-year in theUS was 59.4 percent.The difference in the percentage workingfull-time/full-year between working-age people withand without disabilities was 36.4 percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest full-time/full-year employment ratewas for people with "Hearing Disability," 37.9percent. The lowest full-time/full-year employmentrate was for people with "Independent LivingDisability," 8.0 percent.


Full-Time/Full-Year employment of non-institutionalizedworking-age people (ages 21 to 64) by disability status in theUnited States in 2016


No Disability 59.4 0.10 97,694,900 216,200 164,520,200 1,536,835

Any Disability 23.0 0.25 4,607,300 55,810 20,062,500 198,696

Visual 29.5 0.61 1,120,700 27,680 3,798,200 36,727

Hearing 37.9 0.64 1,491,200 31,910 3,934,300 39,416

Ambulatory 15.4 0.30 1,548,500 32,510 10,027,900 99,215

Cognitive 13.4 0.31 1,127,900 27,760 8,408,200 81,954

Self-Care 8.7 0.39 309,800 14,570 3,575,900 35,973



Annual Earnings (Full-Time /Full-Year Workers)Introduction

This section examines the median annual earnings ofnon-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilitieswho work full-time/full-year in the United States, using data from the2016 American Community Survey (ACS). For definitions of terms, seeGlossary.

Quick Statistics

Earnings: withdisability

$40,300

Earnings:without disability

$45,300

In 2016, the median earnings of working-agepeople with disabilities who workedfull-time/full-year in the US was $40,300.In 2016, the median earnings of working-agepeople without disabilities who workedfull-time/full-year in the US was $45,300.The difference in the median earnings betweenworking-age people with and without disabilitieswho worked full-time/full-year was $5,000.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest annual earnings was for peoplewith "Hearing Disability," $46,300. The lowestannual earnings was for people with "CognitiveDisability," $35,000.


Median annual earnings of non-institutionalized working-agepeople (ages 21 to 64) who work full-time/full-year by disabilitystatus in the United States in 2016

Disability Type Median Earnings MOE Base Pop. Sample

Size

No Disability $45,300 $110 97,695,000 910,394

Any Disability $40,300 $450 4,607,000 45,879

Visual $38,500 $870 1,121,000 11,081

Hearing $46,300 $890 1,491,000 15,171

Ambulatory $39,300 $740 1,549,000 15,104

Cognitive $35,000 $800 1,128,000 10,490

Self-Care $38,300 $1,660 310,000 2,927

Independent Living $35,300 $1,120 570,000 5,452


Annual Household IncomeIntroduction

This section illustrates the median annual income* of households thatinclude any working-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities in theUnited States, using data from the 2016 American Community Survey(ACS). For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

HouseholdIncome: with

disability

$43,300

HouseholdIncome: without

disability

$68,700

In 2016, the median income of households thatinclude any working-age people with disabilities inthe US was $43,300.In 2016, the median income of households that donot include any working-age people withdisabilities in the US was $68,700.The difference in the median income betweenhouseholds including and not includingworking-age people with disabilities was $25,400.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest median income was forhouseholds including persons with a "HearingDisability," $55,000. The lowest median incomewas for households containing persons with a"Self-Care Disability" $36,300.

* Note: Household income is not available for persons living in group quarters.


Median annual income* of households including any working-agepeople (ages 21 to 64) by disability status in the United States in2016

Disability Type MedianH.H. Income MOE Base Pop. Sample

Size

No Disability $68,700 $230 79,907,000 785,456

Any Disability $43,300 410 15,681,000 163,672

Visual $41,300 880 3,179,000 32,458

Hearing $55,000 1,020 3,479,000 36,584

Ambulatory $37,400 500 8,417,000 87,078

Cognitive $36,900 580 6,502,000 67,105

Self-Care $36,300 840 2,931,000 30,560

Independent Living $37,500 610 5,654,000 60,191

* Note: Household income is not available for persons living in group quarters.


PovertyIntroduction

This section examines the poverty rates* of non-institutionalizedworking-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities in the United States,using data from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). Fordefinitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Poverty: withdisability

26.6%

Poverty:without

disability

10.9%

In 2016, the poverty rate of working-age people withdisabilities in the US was 26.6 percent.In 2016, the poverty rate of working-age peoplewithout disabilities in the US was 10.9 percent.The difference in the poverty rate betweenworking-age people with and without disabilities was15.7 percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest poverty rate was for people with"Cognitive Disability," 32.1 percent. The lowestpoverty rate was for people with "Hearing Disability,"20.4 percent.

* Note: The Census Bureau does not calculate poverty status for those people living inmilitary group quarters or college dormitories.


Poverty rates* of non-institutionalized working-age people (ages21 to 64) by disability status in the United States in 2016


No Disability 10.9 0.08 17,924,800 127,960 163,771,100 1,524,358

Any Disability 26.6 0.31 5,323,500 71,160 20,024,300 198,038

Visual 27.7 0.71 1,048,600 31,790 3,791,700 36,617

Hearing 20.4 0.63 802,600 27,830 3,929,500 39,325

Ambulatory 29.3 0.45 2,932,400 53,010 10,022,400 99,121

Cognitive 32.1 0.50 2,694,900 50,840 8,382,400 81,514

Self-Care 31.6 0.76 1,128,100 32,970 3,574,400 35,946


* Note: The Census Bureau does not calculate poverty status for those people living inmilitary group quarters or college dormitories.


Supplemental Security Income(SSI)Introduction

This section focuses on the percentage of non-institutionalizedworking-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities who receiveSupplemental Security Income (SSI) payments in the United States,using data from the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS). Fordefinitions of terms, see Glossary. Please note that these results willdiffer from official Social Security Administration reports for severalreasons. For additional information, please [email protected].

Quick Statistics

SSIRecipients:

with disability

19.2%

In 2016, the percentage of working-age people withdisabilities receiving Supplemental Security Incomepayments in the US was 19.2 percent.In 2016, the number of working-age people withdisabilities receiving Supplemental Security Incomepayments in the US was 3,858,100.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest percentage that received SSI waspeople with "Self-Care Disability," 29.5 percent. Thelowest percentage that received SSI was people with"Hearing Disability," 12.4 percent.


mailto:[email protected]

Percentage of non-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21to 64) with disabilities who receive Supplemental SecurityIncome (SSI) payments in the United States in 2016


Any Disability 19.2 0.23 3,858,100 51,130 20,062,500 198,696

Visual 17.1 0.51 649,900 21,090 3,798,200 36,727

Hearing 12.4 0.44 488,100 18,280 3,934,300 39,416

Ambulatory 22.1 0.34 2,219,100 38,880 10,027,900 99,215

Cognitive 26.4 0.40 2,220,200 38,890 8,408,200 81,954

Self-Care 29.5 0.63 1,053,300 26,830 3,575,900 35,973



EducationHigh School Diploma/Equivalent

Introduction

This section explores the percentage of non-institutionalized working-agepeople (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities with only a high school diploma orequivalent in the United States, using data from the 2016 AmericanCommunity Survey (ACS). For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

High SchoolOnly: withdisability

34.1%

High SchoolOnly: without

disability

24.9%

In 2016, the percentage of working-age people withdisabilities with only a high school diploma orequivalent in the US was 34.1 percent.In 2016, the percentage of working-age peoplewithout disabilities with only a high school diploma orequivalent in the US was 24.9 percent.The difference in the percentage with only a highschool diploma or equivalent between working-agepeople with and without disabilities was 9.2percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest percentage with only a high schooldiploma or equivalent was for people with"Independent Living Disability," 37.0 percent. Thelowest percentage with only a high school diploma orequivalent was for people with "Visual Disability,"31.6 percent.


Percentage of non-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21to 64) with only a high school diploma or equivalent by disabilitystatus in the US in 2016


No Disability 24.9 0.09 41,024,600 156,730 164,520,200 1,536,835

Any Disability 34.1 0.28 6,849,800 67,810 20,062,500 198,696

Visual 31.6 0.62 1,201,600 28,650 3,798,200 36,727

Hearing 31.6 0.61 1,241,400 29,120 3,934,300 39,416

Ambulatory 35.0 0.39 3,508,700 48,790 10,027,900 99,215

Cognitive 35.6 0.43 2,996,700 45,120 8,408,200 81,954

Self-Care 35.3 0.66 1,261,300 29,350 3,575,900 35,973



EducationSome College/Associate's Degree

Introduction

This section examines the percentage of non-institutionalizedworking-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities with only somecollege or an Associate's degree in the United States, using data from the2016 American Community Survey (ACS). For definitions of terms, seeGlossary.

Quick Statistics

SomeCollege: with

disability

31.5%

SomeCollege:without

disability

31.5%

In 2016, the percentage of working-age people withdisabilities with only some college or an Associate'sdegree in the US was 31.5 percent.In 2016, the percentage of working-age peoplewithout disabilities with only some college or anAssociate's degree in the US was 31.5 percent.The difference in the percentage with only somecollege or an Associate's degree betweenworking-age people with and without disabilities was0 percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest percentage with only some collegeor an Associate's degree was for people with "HearingDisability," 32.8 percent. The lowest percentage withonly some college or Associate's degree was forpeople with "Independent Living Disability," 27.8percent.


Percentage of non-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21to 64) with only some college or an Associate's degree bydisability status in the United States in 2016


No Disability 31.5 0.09 51,804,400 172,720 164,520,200 1,536,835

Any Disability 31.5 0.27 6,313,900 65,160 20,062,500 198,696

Visual 30.3 0.62 1,151,500 28,050 3,798,200 36,727

Hearing 32.8 0.62 1,289,400 29,680 3,934,300 39,416

Ambulatory 31.5 0.38 3,159,200 46,320 10,027,900 99,215

Cognitive 29.3 0.41 2,462,200 40,940 8,408,200 81,954

Self-Care 28.6 0.63 1,024,100 26,460 3,575,900 35,973



EducationBachelor's Degree or More

Introduction

This section presents the percentage of non-institutionalized working-agepeople (ages 21 to 64) with disabilities with a Bachelor's degree or morein the United States, using data from the 2016 American CommunitySurvey (ACS). For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Bachelor'sDegree orMore: withdisability

14.4%

Bachelor'sDegree or

More: withoutdisability

33.8%

In 2016, the percentage of working-age people withdisabilities with a Bachelor's degree or more in the USwas 14.4 percent.In 2016, the percentage of working-age peoplewithout disabilities with a Bachelor's degree or morein the US was 33.8 percent.The difference in the percentage with a Bachelor'sdegree or more between working-age people withand without disabilities was 19.4 percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest percentage with a Bachelor's degreeor more was for people with "Hearing Disability," 18.1percent. The lowest percentage with a Bachelor'sdegree or more was for people with "IndependentLiving Disability," 10.8 percent.


Percentage of non-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21to 64) with a Bachelor's degree or more by disability status in theUnited States in 2016


No Disability 33.8 0.10 55,661,700 177,760 164,520,200 1,536,835

Any Disability 14.4 0.21 2,890,200 44,320 20,062,500 198,696

Visual 15.7 0.49 598,000 20,230 3,798,200 36,727

Hearing 18.1 0.51 710,200 22,050 3,934,300 39,416

Ambulatory 12.1 0.27 1,210,400 28,760 10,027,900 99,215

Cognitive 11.3 0.29 948,200 25,460 8,408,200 81,954

Self-Care 11.3 0.44 402,500 16,600 3,575,900 35,973



Veterans Service-ConnectedDisability RatingIntroduction

This section presents the percentage of non-institutionalized working-age(ages 21 to 64) civilian veterans reporting a service-connected disabilityrating in the United States. The 2016 American Community Survey (ACS)asks if the veteran has a service-connected disability, and if so, whattheir rating is (0-100%). A "service-connected" disability is one that hasbeen determined by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) as being aresult of disease or injury incurred or aggravated during military service.Note that a veteran can receive disability compensation for a wide rangeof conditions, and a veteran with a service-connected disability may notreport having one of the six ACS functional or activity limitationdisabilities. For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Veterans with aService-Connected

Disability

25.1%

In 2016, there were 9,127,900 working-agecivilian veterans in the US, of whom 2,287,800had a VA service-connected disability.In 2016, the percentage of working-age civilianveterans in the US with a VA service-connecteddisability was 25.1 percent.In 2016, 704,300 working-age civilian veteransin the US had the most severe service-connecteddisability rating (70 percent or above).In 2016, 30.8 percent of the working-age civilianveterans in the US who had a service-connecteddisability had a service-connected disabilityrating of 70 percent or above.


Disability rating of working-age civilian veterans (ages 21 to 64)with a service-connected disability in the United States in 2016

Service-Connected Disability % MOE Number MOE Base Pop. Sample

Size

Has a service-connected disability rating(0-100%)

25.1 0.38 2,287,800 39,470 9,127,900 90,868

Disability rating of veterans with a service connected-disability

0 percent 4.7 0.37 106,500 8,540 2,287,800 22,745

10 or 20 percent 27.4 0.77 627,400 20,720 2,287,800 22,745

30 or 40 percent 17.5 0.66 399,900 16,550 2,287,800 22,745

50 or 60 percent 14.1 0.60 321,600 14,840 2,287,800 22,745

70 percent or higher 30.8 0.80 704,300 21,950 2,287,800 22,745

Rating not reported 5.6 0.40 128,200 9,370 2,287,800 22,745


Health Insurance CoverageIntroduction

This section examines the health insurance coverage ofnon-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilitiesin the United States, using data from the 2016 American CommunitySurvey (ACS). For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

HealthCoverage:

with Disability

90.3%

HealthCoverage:

withoutDisability

87.7%

In 2016, 90.3 percent of working-age people withdisabilities in the US had some type of healthinsurance coverage.In 2016, 87.7 percent of working-age people withoutdisabilities in the US had some type of healthinsurance coverage.The difference in the health insurance coverage ratebetween working-age people with and withoutdisabilities was 2.6 percentage points.Among the six types of disabilities identified in theACS, the highest health insurance coverage rate wasfor people with "Self-Care Disability," 93.0 percent.The lowest health insurance coverage rate was forpeople with "Visual Disability," 87.6 percent.


Health insurance coverage of non-institutionalized working-agepeople (ages 21 to 64) by disability status in the United States in2016


No Disability 87.7 0.07 144,363,400 234,040 164,520,200 1,536,835

Any Disability 90.3 0.17 18,112,700 108,290 20,062,500 198,696

Visual 87.6 0.44 3,326,300 47,520 3,798,200 36,727

Hearing 90.1 0.39 3,544,600 49,030 3,934,300 39,416

Ambulatory 91.7 0.23 9,197,700 78,280 10,027,900 99,215

Cognitive 90.7 0.26 7,622,800 71,450 8,408,200 81,954

Self-Care 93.0 0.35 3,326,000 47,510 3,575,900 35,973



Type of Health Insurance CoverageIntroduction

This section examines the type of health insurance coverage fornon-institutionalized working-age people (ages 21 to 64) with disabilitiesin the United States, using data from the 2016 American CommunitySurvey (ACS). Note that people can report more than one type ofinsurance coverage. For definitions of terms, see Glossary.

Quick Statistics

Coveragethrough

Employer/Union:with Disability

34.3%

Coveragethrough

Employer/Union:without

Disability

64.9%

In 2016, 34.3 percent of working-age people withdisabilities in the US reported health insurancecoverage through a current or former employer orunion (theirs or another family member).In 2016, 64.9 percent of working-age peoplewithout disabilities in the US reported healthinsurance coverage through a current or formeremployer or union (theirs or another familymember).In 2016, 11.1 percent of working-age people withdisabilities in the US reported purchasing healthinsurance coverage directly from an insurancecompany (by themselves or another familymember).In 2016, 23.9 percent of working-age people withdisabilities in the US reported Medicare coverageand 42.1 percent reported Medicaid coverage (orother government-assistance plan for those withlow incomes or a disability).


Type of health insurance coverage of non-institutionalizedworking-age people (ages 21 to 64) by disability status in theUnited States in 2016


Disability Status/Insurance Type % MOE Number MOE Base Pop. Sample

Size

Any Disability

Uninsured 9.7 0.17 1,949,800 36,460 20,062,500 198,696

Employer/Union 34.3 0.28 6,890,100 68,000 20,062,500 198,696

Purchased 11.1 0.18 2,233,800 39,010 20,062,500 198,696

Medicare 23.9 0.25 4,799,700 56,950 20,062,500 198,696

Medicaid 42.1 0.29 8,441,200 75,090 20,062,500 198,696

Military/VA 6.8 0.15 1,364,800 30,530 20,062,500 198,696

Indian Health Service 0.8 3.29 158,500 10,420 20,062,500 198,696

No Disability

Uninsured 12.3 0.07 20,156,800 113,850 164,520,200 1,536,835

Employer/Union 64.9 0.10 106,827,200 221,460 164,520,200 1,536,835

Purchased 12.2 0.07 20,021,200 113,490 164,520,200 1,536,835

Medicare 1.7 3.29 2,747,400 43,220 164,520,200 1,536,835

Medicaid 11.6 0.07 19,139,500 111,120 164,520,200 1,536,835

Military/VA 3.4 0.04 5,565,000 61,240 164,520,200 1,536,835

Indian Health Service 0.4 3.29 719,200 22,180 164,520,200 1,536,835


Glossary

Actively Looking for Work

A person is defined as ACTIVELY looking for work if he or she reports looking for workduring the last four weeks.

Ambulatory Disability

This disability type is based on the question (asked of persons ages 5 or older): Doesthis person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?

Base Population (Base Pop.)

The estimated number of individuals upon which the calculation is based. (Forpercentages, this is the denominator).

Cognitive Disability

This disability type is based on the question (asked of persons ages 5 or older):Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have seriousdifficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?

Disability and Disability Types

The ACS definition of disability is based on six questions. A person is coded as having adisability if he or she or a proxy respondent answers affirmatively for one or more ofthese six categories.

Hearing Disability (asked of all ages): Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing?Visual Disability (asked of all ages): Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even whenwearing glasses?Cognitive Disability (asked of persons ages 5 or older): Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition,does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?Ambulatory Disability (asked of persons ages 5 or older): Does this person have serious difficulty walking orclimbing stairs?Self-care Disability (asked of persons ages 5 or older): Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing?Independent Living Disability (asked of persons ages 15 or older): Because of a physical, mental, or emotionalcondition, does this person have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping?

Earnings

Earnings are defined as wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobsincluding self-employment income (NET income after business expenses) from ownnonfarm businesses or farm businesses, including proprietorships and partnerships.


Education

Our definition is based on the responses to the question: "What is the highest degreeor level of school this person has completed? If currently enrolled, mark the previousgrade or highest degree received." Our category "high school diploma/equivalent"includes those marking the ACS option "Regular high school diploma — GED oralternative credential." Our category "Some college/Associate's degree" includes thosemarking the ACS options: some college credit, but less than 1 year of college credit;one or more years of college credit but no degree, or "Associate's degree (for example:AA, AS)." Our category "a Bachelor's or more" includes those marking the ACSoptions: "Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, BS)"; "Master's degree (for example:MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)"; "Professional degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM,LLB, JD)"; or "Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)." Note in 2008 changes weremade to some of the response categories and the layout of this question.

Employment

A person is considered employed if he or she is either

“at work”: those who did any work at all during the reference week as a paid employee (worked in his orher own business or profession, worked on his or her own farm, or worked 15 or more hours as an unpaidworker on a family farm or business) or

a.

“with a job but not at work”: had a job but temporarily did not work at that job during the reference weekdue to illness, bad weather, industrial dispute, vacation or other personal reasons. The reference week isdefined as the week preceding the date the questionnaire was completed.

b.

Full-Time/Full-Year Employment

A person is considered employed full-time/full-year if he or she worked 35 hours ormore per week (full-time) and 50 or more weeks per year (full-year). The referenceperiod is defined as the year preceding the date the questionnaire was completed.Note: this does not signify whether a person is eligible for fringe benefits. The questionand response categories regarding weeks worked per year was changed in 2008.

Group Quarters (GQ)

A GQ is a place where people live or stay that is normally owned or managed by anentity or organization providing housing and/or services for the residents. Theseservices may include custodial or medical care as well as other types of assistance, andresidency is commonly restricted to those receiving these services. People living ingroup quarters are usually not related to each other. Group quarters include suchplaces as college residence halls, residential treatment centers, skilled nursingfacilities, group homes, military barracks, correctional facilities, and workers'dormitories. See the definitions of institutional GQs and non-institutional GQs for moreinformation. In addition, a description of the types of group quarters included in the2008 ACS is located on the U.S. Census Bureau's Web site atwww.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/

2008_ACS_GQ_Definitions.pdf.


http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/2008_ACS_GQ_Definitions.pdf


2008_ACS_GQ_Definitions.pdf.

Health Insurance Coverage

Is based on the following question: Is this person CURRENTLY covered by any of thefollowing types of health insurance or health coverage plans? Mark "Yes" or "No" forEACH type of coverage in items a – h.

Insurance through a current or former employer or union (of this person or another family member)a.Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company (by this person or another family member)b.Medicare, for people 65 and older, or people with certain disabilitiesc.Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government-assistance plan for those with low incomes or adisability

d.

VA (including those who have ever used or enrolled for VA health care)e.TRICARE or other military health caref.Indian Health Serviceg.Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan – Specify (Note: “Other type” were recoded intoone of the categories a-g by the Census Bureau)

h.

Hearing Disability

This disability type is based on the question (asked of all ages): Is this person deaf ordoes he/she have serious difficulty hearing?

Hispanic or Latino Origin

People of Hispanic or Latino origin are those who classify themselves in a specificHispanic or Latino category in response to the question, "Is this personSpanish/Hispanic/Latino?" Specifically, those of Hispanic or Latino origin are those whoare Cuban; Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano; Puerto Rican; or otherSpanish/Hispanic/Latino. Origin may be the heritage, nationality group, lineage, orcountry of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrivalin the United States. People who identify their origin as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latinomay be of any race.

Household Income

Household Income is defined as the total income of a household including: wages,salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs; self-employment income (NETincome after business expenses) from own non-farm or farm businesses, includingproprietorships and partnerships; interest, dividends, net rental income, royaltyincome, or income from real estates and trusts; Social Security or Railroad Retirement;Supplemental Security Income; any public assistance or welfare payments from thestate or local welfare office; retirement, survivor or disability pensions; and any otherregularly received income (e.g., Veterans' payments, unemployment compensation,child support or alimony). Median household income is calculated with the household asthe unit of analysis, using household weights without adjusting for household size.




Independent Living Disability

This disability type is based on the question (asked of persons ages 15 or older):Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficultydoing errands alone such as visiting a doctors office or shopping?

Institutional Group Quarters (GQs)

Includes facilities for people under formally authorized, supervised care or custody atthe time of enumeration. Generally, restricted to the institution, under the care orsupervision of trained staff, and classified as "patients" or "inmates." Includes:correctional, nursing, and in-patient hospice facilities, psychiatric hospitals, juvenilegroup homes and residential treatment centers.

Margin of Error (MOE)

Data, such as data from the American Community Survey, is based on a sample, andtherefore statistics derived from this data are subject to sampling variability. Themargin of error (MOE) is a measure of the degree of sampling variability. In a randomsample, the degree of sampling variation is determined by the underlying variability ofthe phenomena being estimated (e.g., income) and the size of the sample (i.e., thenumber of survey participants used to calculate the statistic). The smaller the marginof error, the lower the sampling variability and the more "precise" the estimate. Amargin of error is the difference between an estimate and its upper or lowerconfidence bounds. Confidence bounds are calculated by adding the MOE to theestimate (upper bound) and subtracting the MOE from the estimate (lower bound). Allmargins of error in this report are based on a 90 percent confidence level. This meansthat there is a 90% certainty that the actual value lies somewhere between the upperand lower confidence bounds.

Non-Institutional Group Quarters (GQs)

Includes facilities that are not classified as institutional group quarters; such ascollege/university housing, group homes intended for adults, residential treatmentfacilities for adults, workers' group living quarters and Job Corps centers and religiousgroup quarters.

Not Working but Actively Looking for Work

A person is defined as not working but actively looking for work if he or she reports notbeing employed, but has been looking for work during the last four weeks.

Number

This term appears in the tables; it refers to estimated number of people in thecategory. (for percentages, this is the numerator).


Poverty

The poverty measure is computed based upon the standards defined in Directive 14from the Office of Management and Budget. These standards use poverty thresholdscreated in 1982 and index these thresholds to 2008 dollars using poverty factors basedupon the Consumer Price Index. They use the family as the income sharing unit andfamily income is the sum of total income from each family member living in thehousehold. The poverty threshold depends upon the size of the family; the age of thehouseholder; and the number of related children under the age of 18.

Race

Race categories are based on the question, "[w]hat is this person's race? Mark (X) oneor more races to indicate what this person considers himself/herself to be." Responsesinclude the following: White; Black or African-American; American Indian or AlaskaNative (print name of enrolled or principal tribe); Asian Indian; Chinese; Filipino;Japanese; Korean; Vietnamese; Other Asian (Print Race); Native Hawaiian; Guamanianor Chamarro; Samoan; Other Pacific Islander (Print Race Below); Some other race(print race below). "Other race" also contains people who report more than one race.

Sample Size

The number of survey participants used to calculate the statistic.

Self-care Disability

This disability type is based on the question (asked of persons ages 5 or older): 17c.Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing?

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

A person is defined as receiving SSI payments if he or she reports receiving (SSI)income in the 12 months prior to the survey.

Note: The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) does not apply to Puerto Rico. SSI is afederal cash assistance program that provides monthly payments to low-income aged,blind, or disabled persons in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the NorthernMariana Islands.

Veteran Service-Connected Disability

A disease or injury determined to have occurred in or to have been aggravated bymilitary service. A disability is evaluated according to the VA Schedule for RatingDisabilities in Title 38, CFR, and Part 4. Extent of disability is expressed as apercentage from 0% (for conditions that exist but are not disabling to a compensable


percentage from 0% (for conditions that exist but are not disabling to a compensabledegree) to 100%, in increments of 10%. This information was determined by thefollowing two part question:

Does this person have a VA service-connected disability rating?Yes (such as 0%, 10%, 20%, ... , 100%)No SKIP to question 28a

a.

What is this person’s service-connected disability rating?”Responses included: 0 percent; 10 or 20 percent; 30 or 40 percent; 50 or 60 percent; 70 percent or higher

b.

Visual Disability

This disability type is based on the question:(asked of all ages): Is this person blind ordoes he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses?


About the Disability Status ReportsThe Cornell University Disability Status Reports is produced and funded by theYang-Tan Institute at the Cornell University ILR School. This effort originated as aproduct of the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Demographicsand Statistics (StatsRRTC) funded to the Yang-Tan Institute in the ILR School atCornell University by the U.S. Department of Education, National Institute on Disabilityand Rehabilitation Research (grant No. H133B031111).

The contents of this report do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department ofEducation, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government(Edgar, 75.620 (b)).

Contact Us

K. Lisa Yang and Hock E. Tan Institute on Employment and Disability Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 Phone: 607.255.7727Email: [email protected]: www.disabilitystatistics.org


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