2016-01-Right to Work-A HRC 31 32 Final

8/19/2019 2016-01-Right to Work-A HRC 31 32 Final

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United Nations A/HRC/31/32

General Assembly Distr.: GeneralDecember 2015

Oriinal: !nlis"

Human Rights Council

Thirty-first sessionAenda items 2 and 3

Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner

for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the

High Commissioner and the Secretary-General

romotion and protection of all human rights! ci"il

political! economic! social and cultural rights!

including the right to de"elopment

Reali#ation of the right to $or%

Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

Summary

#"e $resent re$ort% $re$ared $&rs&ant to H&man Ri"ts Co&ncil resol&tion 2'/15%

$resents an o(er(ie) o* t"e sco$e o* and a$$licable standards relati(e to t"e ri"t to )or+,

an o(er(ie) o* t"e reconition o* t"is ri"t in international "&man ri"ts and international

labo&r la) and o* its inter$retation b- United Nations treat- bodies and t"e nternational

abo&r Oraniation, as )ell as eam$les dra)n *rom national e$eriences.


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*+ *ntroduction

1. n its resol&tion 2'/15% t"e H&man Ri"ts Co&ncil re&ested t"e United Nations Hi"Commissioner *or H&man Ri"ts to $re$are a re$ort in cons&ltation )it" tates% United Nations aencies% *&nds and $rorammes% $artic&larl- t"e nternational abo&r

Oraniation% as )ell as t"e treat- bodies% s$ecial $roced&res% ci(il societ- and ot"er rele(ant sta+e"olders on t"e realiation o* t"e ri"t to )or+% in accordance )it" t"eir res$ecti(e obliations &nder international "&man ri"ts la) and t"e rele(ant ma4or c"allenes and best $ractices in t"at reard% and to s&bmit t"e re$ort to t"e H&man Ri"tsCo&ncil $rior to its t"irt-*irst session.

2. #"e O**ice o* t"e Hi" Commissioner *or H&man Ri"ts 6OHCHR7 solicited s&bmissions*rom tates% United Nations aencies% trade &nions% em$lo-ers8 associations and nono(ernmental oraniations 6NGOs7 and% as o* 9 December 2015% 2 res$onses "ad beenrecei(ed *rom tates%1 t"e nternational abo&r O**ice and t"e NGO !CRNet.

3. #"e re$ort o**ers an o(er(ie) o* t"e sco$e and content o* t"e ri"t to )or+% dra)in ona$$licable "&man ri"ts instr&ments% t"e )or+ o* t"e "&man ri"ts treat- bodies%international labo&r standards and doctrine o* t"e nternational abo&r Oraniation 6O7%

and t"e s&bmissions recei(ed.

**+ Normati"e recognition of the human right to $or%

;. ince t"e beinnin o* t"e t)entiet" cent&r-% t"e reconition o* t"e ri"t to )or+ "as beena**irmed in national constit&tions% international treaties and nonbindin instr&ments. #"eestablis"ment o* O in 1% as stated in t"e #reat- o* ?ersailles andrea**irmed in t"e Declaration concernin t"e aims and $&r$oses o* t"e nternational abo&r Oraniation 6Declaration o* @"iladel$"ia7 o* 1.

5. #"is reconition is &nder$inned b- t"e belie* t"at )or+ is a means *or "&man beins totrans*orm t"e )orld and t"emsel(es t"ro&" indi(id&al and collecti(e $rod&ction, to accesssociall- $rod&ced assets, to oranie basic str&ct&res *or li(in toet"er, to learn *rom eac"ot"er and b&ild solidarit-, to contrib&te to t"e common )ellbein and to sel*realiation,and to de(elo$ a $ersonal and collecti(e identit-. or+ s"o&ld not be (ie)ed as acommodit- *or sale s&b4ect to t"e la)s o* t"e mar+et$lace% as t"is ris+s treatin $eo$le as

mere economic reso&rces and (iolatin t"eir ri"t to li(e in dinit-. On acco&nt o* t"e lin+ bet)een )or+ and a dini*ied li*e% t"e sim$le reconition o* t"e *reedom to )or+ isinade&ate. n order to *&ll- accord )or+ its central role in t"e contet o* "&man ri"ts% t"eri"t to )or+ s"o&ld incl&de $ositi(e d&ties and correlati(e entitlements.

. nternational la) "as $roressi(el- incor$orated t"e &nderstandin t"at )or+ is not $&rel- a

means o* eneratin income. #"e ri"t to )or+ im$lies 4&st and *a(o&rable )or+ conditions2 and *&ll and $rod&cti(e )or+ s"o&ld be $romoted &nder conditionssa*e&ardin *&ndamental $olitical and economic *reedoms to t"e indi(id&al.3 #"ese enablet"e de(elo$ment o* )or+ers8 ca$acities *or t"eir $ersonal *&l*ilment and t"e common )ell

bein; and sini*- t"at )or+ is not merel- an instr&ment *or ac"ie(in $ersonal and

1 A&stria% Aerbai4an% Ba"rain% Brail% B&laria% !-$t% i4i% rance% Greece% G&atemala% H&nar-%aa+"stan% Ealta% Ea&ritania% Eeico% Oman% @ara&a-% @er&% Fatar% erbia% lo(enia% $ain% #&r+e- and Ube+istan.

2 Uni(ersal Declaration o* H&man Ri"ts% art. 23, nternational Co(enant on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ralRi"ts% art. 9.3 nternational Co(enant on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts% art. .; O Declaration on ocial &stice *or a air Globaliation 6200'7.

2


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collecti(e economic oals. or+% as a "&man ri"t% is not onl- essential *or realiin ot"er

"&man ri"ts% b&t is an inse$arable and in"erent $art o* "&man dinit-.5

9. #"e ri"t to )or+ "as been reconied more broadl- at t"e international le(el since itsincl&sion in t"e Uni(ersal Declaration o* H&man Ri"ts 6arts. 23 and 2;7% t"e nternational

Co(enant on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts 6arts. % 9 and '7 and t"e nternationalCo(enant on Ci(il and @olitical Ri"ts 6art. ' 637 6a77. t is reconied in t"e nternationalCon(ention on t"e !limination o* All orms o* Racial Discrimination 6arts. 5 6e7 6i77% t"eCon(ention on t"e !limination o* All orms o* Discrimination aainst omen 6art. 11 6176a77% t"e nternational Con(ention on t"e @rotection o* t"e Ri"ts o* All Eirant or+ersand Eembers o* #"eir amilies 6arts. 11% 25% 2% ;0% 52 and 5;7 and t"e Con(ention on t"e

Ri"ts o* @ersons )it" Disabilities 6art. 297.

'. At t"e reional le(el% t"e !&ro$ean ocial C"arter o* 1.11

5 Committee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts% eneral comment No. 1' 620057 on t"e ri"t to)or+% $ara. 1. nternational abo&r O**ice s&bmission% $. 1.9 O Declaration on ocial &stice *or a air Globaliation.' General Assembl- resol&tion 0/1% $ara. ;9.

< General Assembl- resol&tion 90/1% oal '.10 O% General Survey concerning employment instruments in light of the 2008 Declaration on Social

Justice for a Fair Globalization% Re$ort 6@art 1B7 6Gene(a% 20107% $aras. 1;1' and 2


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***+ Scope and content of the right to $or%

12. #"e clari*ication o* t"e sco$e and normati(e content o* t"e ri"t to )or+ is essential to itsrealiation and to o(ercomin an- &ncertaint- as to its leal c"aracter. A ri"t to accessible)or+ )"ic" ens&res t"e satis*action o* "&man needs and (al&es is central to a dini*ied li*e

and "as se(eral dimensions. General comment No. 1' on t"e ri"t to )or+% ado$ted b- t"eCommittee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts in 2005% re(ie)s t"ese normati(edimensions in li"t o* t"e interde$endence o* articles % 9 and ' o* t"e Co(enant andconstit&tes an im$ortant startin $oint *or t"e clari*ication o* its content. O standards anddeclarations% ot"er international and reional standards as )ell as national constit&tions and $ractices set o&t +e- com$onents )"ic" rein*orce t"e ri"t to )or+ as a )"ole.

13. #"e ri"t to )or+ ma- be inter$reted as encom$assin t"e *ollo)in interde$endent andm&t&all- rein*orcin as$ects:

6a7 #"e ri"t o* e(er- $erson to $rod&cti(e and *reel- c"osen )or+ t"at ens&res adini*ied li*e *or "im or "ersel* and "is or "er *amil-% )it"o&t discrimination,

6b7 #"e ri"t to economic and en(ironmental conditions in t"e )or+$lace t"at are

cond&ci(e to meetin t"e needs o* t"e indi(id&al and to realiin associated *reedoms%incl&din t"e ri"t not to be arbitraril- de$ri(ed o* )or+,

6c7 #"e material conditions related to sa*et-% sec&rit- and dinit- in t"e)or+$lace,

6d7 #"e social conditions relatin to labo&r ri"ts% *amil- lea(e and ender

e&alit-.

A+ The freedom and opportunity to $or%

(+ Right to $or% and employment policies

1;. Article 627 o* t"e nternational Co(enant on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"tsem$"asies t"e lin+ bet)een t"e ri"t to )or+ and *&ll em$lo-ment% identi*-in a none"a&sti(e list o* meas&res to ens&re its realiation. #"ese incl&de $olicies and tec"ni&esto ac"ie(e stead- economic% social and c&lt&ral de(elo$ment and *&ll and $rod&cti(e

em$lo-ment. Dra)in on article 23 617 o* t"e Uni(ersal Declaration% article 1 o* t"e O!m$lo-ment @olic- Con(ention% 1


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e(er-one bene*its *rom a $rotection s-stem t"at $romotes e&al access to em$lo-ment

&nder 4&st and *a(o&rable conditions and t"at no one is &n*airl- de$ri(ed o* )or+ .13

1. #"e O Committee o* !$erts on t"e A$$lication o* Con(entions and Recommendations%in its 2010 General &r(e-% recommended t"at tates ado$t t"e *ollo)in a$$roac": 6a7 a

$olic- commitment to obtainin *&ll em$lo-ment% re*lected in leislation, 6b7 t"eestablis"ment o* instit&tions *oc&sed on *&ll em$lo-ment% s&c" as 4ob ser(ices% socialdialo&e mec"anisms and $ro*essional and tec"nical trainin% and initiati(es to *oster smalland medi&m enter$rises and coo$erati(es, 6c7 de$lo-in t"e best $ossible e**orts o* t"eseinstit&tions and str&ct&res in macroeconomic% trade% in(estment and ind&strial $romotion $olicies% )it" re&lar monitorin. n t"e li"t o* article 3 o* Con(ention No. 122% t"e

Committee stressed t"e im$ortance *or re$resentati(es o* t"ose a**ected% es$eciall-re$resentati(es o* em$lo-ers and )or+ers% to be cons&lted $rior to t"e *orm&lation andd&rin t"e a$$lication o* t"ese $olicies% incl&din re$resentati(es o* t"e r&ral sector and o* t"e in*ormal econom-.

19. Alt"o&" international la) does not $rescribe an- $artic&lar economic model% $oliciesto)ards *&ll and $rod&cti(e em$lo-ment s"o&ld meet t"e &alitati(e re&irements o* 4&stand *a(o&rable conditions1; or conditions sa*e&ardin *&ndamental $olitical and economic

*reedoms to t"e indi(id&al15 so t"at indi(id&als can de(elo$ and &$date t"e necessar-ca$acities and s+ills t"e- need to enable t"em to be $rod&cti(el- occ&$ied *or t"eir $ersonal

*&l*ilment and t"e common )ellbein.1

1'. Conse&entl-% $olicies t"at res&lt in t"e $roli*eration o* $recario&s 4obs )o&ld not be in line)it" t"e ri"t to )or+ .19 #"e mere red&ction o* &nem$lo-ment does not al)a-s *&l*il t"e

ri"t to )or+% as $olicies need to meet &alitati(e re&irements in relation to 4&st and*a(o&rable conditions and content o* )or+.1' #"e Committee on !conomic% ocial andC&lt&ral Ri"ts "as stressed t"at t"e tate s"o&ld ens&re t"at meas&res aimed at increasint"e *leibilit- o* t"e mar+et do not &ndermine )or+ers8 ri"ts. 1


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)+ reedom to choose $or% and to practise a profession

1%23 )"ic" incl&des bein *orced to remain in em$lo-ment aainst one8s )ille(en i* t"e initial acce$tance )as (ol&ntar-. tates "a(e an immediate obliation not to

trade in *orced labo&r and to abolis"% eradicate and $&nis" t"e &se o* *orced labo&r in all its*orms. t is one o* t"e most etreme *orms o* "&man ri"ts (iolation and it a**ects millions

o* $eo$le% es$eciall- (&lnerable $o$&lations% s&c" as mirant )or+ers.2; "en re(ie)intates $arties8 re$orts% t"e Committee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts "asidenti*ied *orced labo&r $ractices in man- co&ntries. 25 #"e O Committee o* !$erts "ascalled *or increased reso&rces *or labo&r ins$ection ser(ices% *or la) en*orcement and 4&dicial a&t"orities to combat *orced labo&r $ractices and *or t"e im$osition o* administrati(e% criminal and economic sanctions to ens&re t"at (ictims recei(e s&$$ort and

com$ensation.2

22. #"ere are stron lin+s bet)een *orced labo&r and tra**ic+in in $ersons. !m$lo-mentaencies can $er$etrate ab&ses b- $romotin or *acilitatin t"e *orced labo&r o* mirant

)or+ers. Conse&entl-% tates m&st coo$erate to re&late% license and monitor labo&r recr&iters and em$lo-ment aencies and eliminate t"e c"arin o* recr&itment *ees to

)or+ers to $re(ent debt bondae and ot"er *orms o* economic coercion. 29 #"e e$loitationo* immirants *orced to )or+ illeall-% incl&din in domestic )or+% merits s$ecial attentionand ins$ection.

'+ .mployment ser"ices

23. #"e eistence o* s$ecialied ser(ices to assist )or+ers to access a$$ro$riate )or+% &sinin*ormation net)or+s at t"e rele(ant le(el% is a necessar- com$onent o* t"e em$lo-ment $olicies re&ired *or *&l*illin t"e ri"t to )or+.2' #"e im$ortance o* t"ese ser(icesincreases in times o* crisis, t"e- are (ital *or (&lnerable ro&$s% s&c" as mirants and lon

23 O orced abo&r Con(ention% 1


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term &nem$lo-ed )or+ers% *acilitatin t"eir $lacement.2


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7+ .8ual access to $or% opportunities

2'. !&alit- and nondiscrimination are *&ndamental "&man ri"ts $rinci$les and t"e- a$$l- tot"e ri"t to )or+ .3


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32. @ersons )it" disabilities re$resent abo&t 15 $er cent o* t"e )orld8s $o$&lation. !(en t"o&"

a "i" $ercentae are able to )or+% t"eir em$lo-ment rate is m&c" lo)er t"an t"at o* t"eeneral $o$&lation. @ersons )it" disabilities in em$lo-ment are *re&entl- s&b4ect to less*a(o&rable conditions o* $a-% $recario&s )or+ reimes and $oor career $ros$ects. Datas"o) t"at t"ere is a "i" correlation bet)een disabilit- and $o(ert-.;

33. @ersons )it" disabilities *ace en(ironmental% social and economic barriers in accessin)or+ and )it"in )or+% as )ell as in ed&cation and trainin. @re4&dice and $"-sical%comm&nication and attit&dinal barriers limit t"e a(ailabilit- o* )or+$laces% man- o* )"ic"nelect t"e $otential o* $ersons )it" disabilities and restrict t"eir o$$ort&nities *or earnin ali(in t"ro&" t"eir ca$abilities.

3;. Article 29 o* t"e Con(ention on t"e Ri"ts o* @ersons )it" Disabilities reconies t"e ri"tto )or+ o* $ersons )it" disabilities% on an e&al basis )it" ot"ers% in a )or+ en(ironmentt"at is o$en% incl&si(e and accessible. #"e $ro(ision details meas&res to be ta+en to realie

t"e ri"t% incl&din meas&res to ens&re e&al o$$ort&nities% e&al rem&neration *or )or+ o* e&al (al&e and $rotection *rom "arassment. t $ro"ibits *orced labo&r and discriminationd&e to disabilit-% in t"e contet% amon ot"ers% o* "irin arranements% contin&ation o* em$lo-ment% career ad(ancement and sa*e and "ealt"- )or+in conditions. t also re&ires

res$ect *or labo&r and trade &nion ri"ts% access to (ocational and contin&in trainin% andt"e $romotion o* t"e ac&isition o* )or+ e$erience and career ad(ancement o$$ort&nities

*or $ersons )it" disabilities. &rt"ermore% it e$ands t"e conce$t o* )or+ to incl&de *ormso* sel*em$lo-ment% entre$rene&rs"i$ and coo$erati(e arranements. O$$ort&nities m&st be $rioritied in t"e o$en labo&r mar+et to ens&re incl&sion and accessibilit-. #"&s% s"elteredor sereated *orms o* em$lo-ment mi"t not be a$$ro$riate *or *&l*illin t"e ri"t to )or+.

35. #"e Con(ention incl&des a none"a&sti(e list o* d&ties *oc&sed on remo(in str&ct&ral andinstit&tional obstacles t"at "inder e&alit- o* o$$ort&nit- *or $ersons )it" disabilities in t"elabo&r mar+et 6see A/HCR/22/25 and Corr.1% $ara. 107. Amon t"ese d&ties is t"e $ro(isiono* reasonable accommodation in t"e )or+$lace. Denial o* reasonable accommodation ise$licitl- considered to be a *orm o* discrimination. Article ; 637 o* t"e Con(ention calls

*or t"e e**ecti(e $artici$ation o* $ersons )it" disabilities and *or cons&ltation )it" t"eir

oraniations in t"e de(elo$ment and im$lementation o* leislation and $olicies rele(ant tot"eir concerns% incl&din t"e ri"t to )or+.

3. #"e searc" *or )or+ is an im$ortant dri(er o* miration toda-.;9 "et"er miration *rom

t"e $lace o* oriin is determined b- t"e lac+ o* decent )or+ or b- ot"er reasons s&c" as $ersec&tion% con*lict% $o(ert-% discrimination or en(ironmental deradation% )or+ is anessential condition *or interatin in t"e "ost co&ntr-.;' Eiration is also a +e- *actor *or t"einterde$endent economic and social de(elo$ment o* co&ntries o* oriin% transit anddestination.;


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a$$lies to t"e ri"t to )or+.51 tates m&st ta+e immediate ste$s to $re(ent mirant )or+ers

*rom bein (ictims o* discrimination and e$loitation )"ile ado$tin s$ecial meas&res to*acilitate t"eir access to t"e labo&r mar+et. Articles 191< o* t"e 1


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mostl- &n$aid% "aardo&s% com$&lsor- labo&r or in t"e in*ormal econom-.5' Accordin to

article 2 637 o* t"e Einim&m Ae Con(ention% 1


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$rotection to t"ose )"o are not able to obtain or maintain s&itable em$lo-ment.;

Eonitorin t"e *&l*ilment o* t"e ri"t to )or+ t"ro&" ade&ate indicators s"o&ld% at t"esame time% ser(e as t"e basis *or identi*-in t"ose in need *or social $rotection $&r$oses.

2+


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)+ 4echanisms for promoting formali#ation

;9. A$$roimatel- 0 $er cent o* 4obs are in t"e in*ormal econom- and &ne(enl- distrib&tedaro&nd t"e )orld.9; ormaliation is t"e *irst ste$ to decent )or+. #o attain t"is% tates $arties m&st ta+e t"e re&isite meas&res% leislati(e or ot"er)ise% to red&ce to t"e *&llest

etent $ossible t"e n&mber o* )or+ers o&tside t"e *ormal econom-% )or+ers )"o as a res&lto* t"at sit&ation "a(e no $rotection.95 &c" meas&res incl&de la)s% $olicies and

$rorammes to deal )it" t"e *actors res$onsible *or in*ormalit-% to etend $rotection to all)or+ers and to remo(e t"e barriers to entr- into t"e mainstream econom-.9 n accordance)it" Recommendation No. 20;% t"e- s"o&ld encom$ass an interated $olic- *rame)or+ )it" strateies ada$ted to t"e &ni&e sit&ation o* eac" co&ntr-. #"is incl&des $re(enti(e andsanctionin mec"anisms t"at rein*orce labo&r ins$ections and monitorin mec"anisms, 99

red&ce administrati(e and ta b&rdens to enco&rae *ormaliation%9' es$eciall- in small and

medi&m enter$rises, *acilitate *inancial ser(ices and international coo$eration, and i(es$ecial attention to disad(antaed ro&$s. ac+ o* *ormaliation in relation to anem$lo-ment contract or t"e em$lo-er8s acti(it- cannot be a reason *or de$ri(in a )or+er o* t"e ri"ts $ro(ided to *ormall- "ired )or+ers% incl&din trade &nion ri"ts.9<

'+ re"ention of fraud and discriminatory e>clusions;'. #"e tate8s d&t- to ens&re e&al en*orcement o* t"e leal standards $rotectin t"e ri"ts o*

)or+ers constit&tes an immediate obliation. #"e a$$licabilit- o* labo&r la)s s"o&ld not bes&b4ect to t"e discretion o* em$lo-ers or a&t"orities% )ai(ed b- t"e em$lo-ee%'0 or circ&m(ented b- *ra&d&lent mec"anisms desined to conceal *act&al em$lo-ment stat&s6s&c" as *alsel- attrib&tin a non)or+in c"aracter to a contract or "idin t"e tr&e

em$lo-er7. ns$ectorates and access to leal remedies m&st be made readil- a(ailable.Eoreo(er% t"e la) itsel* m&st res$ect e&al treatment. #"e arbitrar- ecl&sion b- la) o* certain t-$es o* )or+ers *rom t"e eneral de*inition o* em$lo-ment constit&tes a (iolationo* t"e ri"t to )or+. As "i"li"ted b- t"e Committee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ralRi"ts% leislation m&st ens&re t"at domestic and aric&lt&ral )or+ers recei(e t"e samele(el o* $rotection as ot"er )or+ers.'1

9; O% World mployment and Social !utloo" 20#$. ee also t"e #ransition *rom t"e n*ormal to t"e

ormal !conom- Recommendation% 2015 6No. 20;7% $aras. 25.95 Committee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts% general comment No+ (9! para+ (:+ TheCommittee "as e$ressed concern abo&t t"e "i" $ercentaes o* )or+ers in t"e in*ormal econom- and recommendedetendin social $rotection to incl&de t"em. See concluding obser"ations on 2osnia and Her#ego"ina

/.&C+()&2*H&CO&)1! 4onaco /.&C+()&4CO&CO&)-'1! U%raine /.&C+()&U5R&CO&61! the Republic of 4oldo"a

/.&C+()&4?A&CO&)! the Russian ederation /.&C+()&RUS&CO&71! Serbia /.&C+()&SR2&CO&)1! Armenia

/.&C+()&AR4&CO&)-'1! araguay /.&C+()&R0&CO&,1! 2ra#il /.&C+()&2RA&CO&)1! Colombia

/.&C+()&CO3&CO&71! Costa Rica /.&C+()&CR*&CO&,1! the ?ominican Republic /.&C+()&?O4&CO&'1! .cuador

/.&C+()&.CU&CO&'1! 4e>ico /.&C+()&4.@&CO&,1! Nicaragua /.&C+()&N*C&CO&,1! .gypt /.&C+()&.G0&CO&)-,1!

.thiopia /.&C+()&.TH&CO&(-'1! 4auritania /.&C+()&4RT&CO&(1! R$anda /.&C+()&RA&CO&)-,1! the United

Republic of Tan#ania /.&C+()&TBA&CO&(-'1! Cambodia /.&C+()&5H4&CO&(1! China /.&C+()&CHN&CO&)1!*ndonesia /.&C+()&*?N&CO&(1 and the *slamic Republic of *ran /.&C+()&*RN&CO&)1+

9 Resol&tion concernin decent )or+ and t"e in*ormal econom- ado$ted b- t"e O General Con*erence620027% $ara. 21.99 #"e Committee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts )as concerned at t"e lac+ o* an- *orm o*monitorin o* conditions o* )or+ in t"e in*ormal econom- and at t"e absence o* o$$ort&nit- *or social sec&rit-a**iliation *or )or+ers t"erein 6concl&din obser(ations on Ea&ritania 6!/C.12/ER#/CO/17% $ara. 1;7.9' Eeico re$orts recent initiati(es in t"is reard.

9< O% General Survey 620127% $ara. 53.'0 G&atemala% @ara&a- and erbia stress in t"eir contrib&tions t"at% &nder t"eir national constit&tions%)or+ers8 ri"ts are not s&b4ect to )ai(er or limitation b- contract.'1 ee O% General Survey 620127% $ara. 9;2.

13


14/15

A&HRC&'(&')

,+ Self-reali#ation and content of $or%

;


15/15

A&HRC&'(&')

6+ Recognition and protection of self-employed $or%

53. #"e ri"t to )or+ encom$asses all *orms o* )or+% )"et"er inde$endent )or+ or de$endent%)ae$aid )or+ .'9 H&man )or+ is )ort"- o* social (al&e in its (ario&s *orms. '' Alt"o&"some ri"ts% s&c" as $aid "olida-s% are s$eci*ic to )ae$aid )or+ers% sel*em$lo-ed and

coo$erati(e )or+ers also "a(e t"e ri"t to 4&st and *a(o&rable conditions o* )or+.

'<

#"ea$$reciation o* ot"er *orms o* )or+ de$ends on t)o conditions: 6a7 t"at it does not

&ndermine t"e de*inition or t"e $rotection o* )aed )or+, and 6b7 t"at reardless o* t"edi**erent $rotection sc"emes a$$licable to &n)aed )or+ers% t"e- s"o&ld en4o- 4&st and*a(o&rable conditions o* )or+ e&i(alent to )ae$aid )or+ers.

5;. #"e national em$lo-ment strate- m&st res$ect and $rotect sel*em$lo-ment as lon as itenables )or+ers and t"eir *amilies to en4o- an ade&ate standard o* li(in. amples

and the important gaps in the reali#ation of the right+

79+ States ha"e an obligation to put in place comprehensi"e policies and to ta%e legislati"e

and administrati"e measures necessary to ensure the full reali#ation of the right to

$or%+ Ade8uate means also include the coordination of international policies rele"ant

to $or%! such as trade and migration! and the reinforcement of international

cooperation mechanisms+

'9 General comment No. 1'% $ara. .'' Committee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts% concl&din obser(ations on C"ad6!/C.12/#CD/CO/37: =#"e Committee is concerned t"at t"e tate $art-8s social sec&rit- s-stem does not $ro(ide&ni(ersal co(erae and t"at a lare n&mber o* (&lnerable and marinalied ro&$s% s&c" as cas&al )or+ers and t"e sel*em$lo-ed% are ecl&ded> 6$ara. 1'7.'< Committee on !conomic% ocial and C&lt&ral Ri"ts% concl&din obser(ations on !c&ador

6!/C.12/!CU/CO/37: =#"e tate $art- Ls"o&ldM de(elo$ mec"anisms *or monitorin t"e im$lementation o* t"e abo&rRi"ts @rotection Act and t"e Act in &$$ort o* Retailers% el*em$lo-ed @ersons and Eicroentre$rene&rs in order toens&re t"at )or+in conditions *or all $ersons in t"e tate $art- are *air and decent> 6$ara. 157.

2016-01-Right to Work-A HRC 31 32 Final

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Transcript of 2016-01-Right to Work-A HRC 31 32 Final