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Midterm Review

Introduction to Computer Systems Engineering(CPEG 323)

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Objectives of CPEG 323

Acquire solid knowledge in the analysis, design, implementation and evaluation of computer system organization with emphasis on instruction-set architecture and optimizationAcquire basic knowledge of the interaction between system software (e.g. compilers) and hardware (architecture) design

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ABET Outcomes

Ability to apply knowledge of science (e.g., computer architecture and system organization, and related computer science issues), and engineering (e.g., performance analysis and benchmarking, ISA simulation and verification) Ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice Knowledge of related topics in computer science discipline

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Areas of Importance

• Basics of computer organization

• Instruction set architectures

• Computer arithmetic

• System Software

• Computer performance

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Basics of Computer Organization

(Chapter 1 of text + slides Topic0, 1, 1a)

• General knowledge of computing history

• Historical perspectives

- Impacts of technological changes

- Market forces

- How architecture is affected by software and applications

• Basic structure of general purpose computer

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Instruction Set Architectures

(Chapter 2 of book + Slides 2, 2a, 2b, 2c. 2d)

• What is ISA ?

• Role of ISA w.r.t. hardware and software

• MIPS instruction set architecture

• Basic Steps of MIPS instruction execution

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More about ISA …

4 style of ISAs: memory-to-memory accumulator machines stack machines register based ISA

General vs. special purpose regs

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More about ISA …

MIPS memory model data types and sizes little vs. big endings

Register conventions MIPS operations (3 types)

instruction format and fields addressing mode assembly vs. machine representation

RISC vs. CISCCalling conventions and stack frames

caller save vs. callee save parameter passing

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More about ISA …

System software and ISA role of system software tool chain: compiler, assembler, linker, etc. memory layout for C compilers runtime stack layout

Interaction between ISA and OS Privileged mode, traps, etc

Static vs. dynamic libraries

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Computer Arithmetic

(Chapter 3 of book + Topics 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d,

3e)

• Number representations

• un/signed integers

• BCDs

• Two’s complement

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Computer Arithmetic – cont’d

Basic ALU design

• Integer adders (ripple carry, look

ahead techniques)

• Integer multiply

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Computer Arithmetic – cont’d

Real numbers IEEE-754 Representation FP Addition

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Performance Evaluation

(Chapter 4 of book + Slides 4, 4a)

• Why performance evaluation ?

• Performance matrices

• Performance measurement

• Benchmarks

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Performance matrices

Time-based matrices CPI MIPS and MFLOPS Hardware based matrices and weakness

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Performance measurement and benchmarking

Sustained and peak performance Relative performance Benchmark classes