2015 Year 10 Genetics LO4 AO
Transcript of 2015 Year 10 Genetics LO4 AO
DOMINANT/RECESSIVE (RECAP)
• Dominant alleles
stand out in their phenotypic features.
represented in capital letters
• Recessive alleles
repressed/masked/supressed by dominant alleles
represented in small letters
CO-DOMINANCE (NEW)
• Some alleles are equally dominant to each other.
• The genotypes are equally expressed.
Eg: Alleles A & B in red blood cells (RBC).
• New phenotype produced.
Allele AB in RBC.
AGGLUTINATION
White blood cells (wbc) produce antibodies when
a foreign body enters the blood stream.
If the wrong blood types are mixed when giving
transfusions, the blood can clump together or
agglutinate and can clog blood vessels.
This can stop the flow of blood to certain parts of
the body.
ANTIBODIES/ANTIGENS
Proteins produced by the wbc to identify and
neutralise antigens.
②
Foreign substances in body that causes the immune system
to produce antibodies.
①
NO AGGLUTINATION (A)
The antigen/antibody complex is not complimentary i.e.
the shapes do not match!
NO AGGLUTINATION (O)
The anti-B proteins are unable to bind.
Blood group O does NOT have antigens!!!
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
• Some alleles are not more dominant than the other.
• Neither genotypes are equally expressed.
• New phenotype produced.
pink flowers instead of
red or white flowers
Snapdragons
R.C. PUNNETT
Quiet & gentle.
Connected Mendelism with statistics.
Visual representation of alleles in the Punnet square.
PUNNETT SQUARES SUMMARY
①
②
⑤
③
④
③ Predicted outcomes of a genetic cross.
Alleles
from
father/
mother.
Alleles from mother/father.
Expression of genotype
& phenotype.
Possible
combination of
alleles.
PEDIGREE CHART
Parental or
offspring
genotype.
① ②
③
Chances of offspring
inheriting the
trait/disease.
Determine the normal, affected or carrier
of the trait/disease.
PEDIGREE CHART DRAWING RULES
❸ Represent Rowan and Mary’s children/off-springs.
Rowan and Mary are married. They have three children – two girls
and a boy.
PEDIGREE CHART DRAWING RULES
Males with black
hair (H)
Males with brown
hair (h)
Females with black
hair (H)
Females with black
hair (h)
Black hair (H) is dominant over brown hair (h). Draw a pedigree
chart to show a male with black hair who married a brown hair
that has three children – one son with brown hair, one son with
black hair and one daughter with black hair.
❹
PEDIGREE CHART DRAWING RULES
Black hair (H) is dominant over brown hair (h). Draw a pedigree
chart to show a male with black hair who married a brown hair
that has three children – one son with brown hair, one son with
black hair and one daughter with black hair.
❹
PEDIGREE CHART DRAWING RULES
A normal man marries a carrier woman. They bore two children
– a carrier daughter and an affected son.
Affected male
Normal male
Affected female
Normal female
OR Carrier female
❺
PEDIGREE CHART DRAWING RULES
A normal man marries a carrier woman. They bore two children
– a carrier daughter and an affected son. ❺