2015 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY

«THE INTEGRATION OF LAND TENURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSPATIAL DATA IN SUPPORT OF LAND

ADMINISTRATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT»

Moschos VogiatzisDirector of Forest Mapping & Natural Environment

e-mail: mvogiatz@ktimatologio.gr

National Cadastre & Mapping Agency of Greece

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Introduction

Reducing the administrative burden to business

“Licensing procedures, including land-zoning, are complex.

Simplifying procedures through, for instance, greater use of e-

government needs to be encouraged”

(Joint Document of Co-operation between OECD and Greece,

March 2015)

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

The problem

Multiple public agencies and departments are mutually involved in

land transactions with crossed responsibilities and jurisdictions

over land:

Parcel-based

Information

Deed Registration

Land Title

 

Forest/

non Forest

Natura2000

site/non

         

Ministry of

Justice

Ministry of Justice

Local

Government

Ministry of

Internal Affairs

Ministry of

Internal Affairs

or Ministry of

Environment

         

 

Cadastre

Office

 

(established &

supported by

NCMA)

RegisterOffice

Directorate of

Land Policy

(for distributed

lands)

General

Secretariat of

Regional

Administration/

Forest Service

General

Secretariat of

Regional

Administration

or

Management

Body of

Natura2000 site

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

The problem

23-25/03/2015N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

• Institutional land inventory and assessment are still pending,

such as the definite and systematic delineation of forestlands,

the update and monitoring of protected areas (Natura2000 sites)

• The administration favors the circumstantial confirmation whether

a land parcel or area is forest/non forest or part of a protected

area, a practice that deprives environmental protection.

Thus:

a. The State has forestlands but not titles,

b. Citizens have lands but not titles or

c. Citizens might have both the land and title but under restricted

use.

This situation does not promote transparency in land

administration and definitely does not generate the

circumstances for building a land market.

Land Information and Development

• Land development and investments is crucial for Greece.

• Citizens, professionals, investors require secure and

authorized integrated land information about their own lands

or lands on which may invest.

• Public administration needs authorized spatial information to

improve land administration, land policy and decision-making.

• Cadastre real property information on its own is not sufficient

to respond to land market demands.

Detailed assessment and update of forestlands and Natura 2000

sites,

provide critical information over lands and facilitate licensing

procedures.

Both are ruled by special law provisions which bound land development.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

The National Cadastre of Greece

N.C.M.A. the leading Greek government company for the

development and operation of the National Cadastre at national

scale, aims to a modern, spatially enabled, uniform, digital Cadastre

System regarding the ownership status of all the real properties of

the country, overseen and guaranteed by the State.

The Cadastre System of Greece combines Cadastre and Land Register. Under development - Expected to be completed till 2020.

104 Cadastral Offices in operation.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Extract of Cadastral Diagram

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Major Initiatives (Forest Maps)

At the development stage of National Cadastre, N.C.M.A. is

responsible for the development of Forest Maps at the national

level. The Forest Map aims to:

1. Assessment and environmental protection of forestlands and

2. Identify and promote state property rights on forestlands

through cadastral process.

Rationale:

• 60% of Greece is forestlands.

• Most of forestlands owned by the State.

• Greece lacks a Forest Registry.

• Land development within forestlands is restricted.

• Land use change is prohibited by a series of law.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Major Initiatives (Forest Maps)

• Forestlands have not been yet delineated in a systematic and

scientific way and overall, in a definite way.

• The Forest Service has declared inability to develop Forest

Maps on its own.

• Absence of authorized Forest Maps in Greece over the years

has raised many issues regarding land administration, state-

private property rights and eventually sustainable

management of forestlands.

• Cadastre comprises of all land properties.

• Cadastre successful development requires accurate and

documented information on forest lands.

• Authorized Forest Maps is the ultimate goal.N.C.M.A.

The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

The Forest Map

Δ: Forestlands, A: Other Lands

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Cadastral Forest Mapping Progress in Greece (2015)

LEGEND

Areas with completed Forest Maps (22.5%)Areas under implementation (32,5%)

Areas with no Forest Maps (45,2%)

Authorized Forest Maps (0,5%)

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Major Initiatives (Natura2000)

Goal: Update and monitoring of terrestrial Natura2000 protected

sites and habitats at the national level.

Zoning and Licensing issues:

• 16,2% of Greece has been designated as Natura2000 terrestrial

site.

• Land fragmentation is limited,

• Dangerous industrial installations or installations which produce

noise pollution as defined according to the law are prohibited,

• Agricultural and livestock activities are restricted,

• Development and allocation of new construction projects is

permitted in the absence of other alternative and for reasons

pertaining to urgent public and social interest.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

The Vision for an Integrated Environmental Cadastre

The Greek Cadastre System based on fixed boundary system and a

common reference system, provides currently information

exclusively on real property (parcels, owners, rights and

titles/deeds).

The Greek Cadastre System has the potential to integrate other

types of land data and provide all facts about land (Statement 1 of

Cadastre 2014)

The Greek Cadastre System can and should evolve to a

multipurpose cadastre to face effectively the existing

deficit in

land administration, and support sustainable

development.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

The Multipurpose Cadastre Approach

* Based on work of Williamson I.P., Enemark S., Wallace J. and Rajabifard A., 2010. Land Administration for Sustainable Development, ESRI Press Academic, Redlands, California, 497 pp.

CADASTRE DATABASE

CONSISTENT NATIONWIDE LARGE SCALE ORTHOIMAGERY

MULTIPURPOSE CADASTRE

Tenure

Land Character (Forest/

Non Forest)

Natura2000 Site/Non Natura2000

Site

Services to public & private sector

(Authorized Data & Information)

Transparent Governance

e-Governance

Natura2000 Sites

ForestLands

Titles/Deeds

NCMA

NCMA

Parcels

Owners & Rights

INTEGRATED LAND INFORMATION

SPATIALLY ENABLED LAND ADMINISTRATION

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Architecture of Integrated Environmental Cadastre

Cadastral Office

Citizens

Internal Network IP

Professionals

INTERNET

Deed/Act

Certificate (tenure,

forested, within

Natura2000 site)

NCMA

Cadastre

Government

Forest Service

Management Bodies of protected

areas

Public Administration

General Secretariat of

Regional Administration

Municipalities

Local Government

Private Sector

Industry

Professionals

Authorized Data &

Information

Request for Certificate/Data

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Geospatial Interface of Operative Cadastre System

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Extract of Cadastral Diagram for Natura2000

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Benefits of Integrated Environmental Cadastre

Main benefits are:

• Improved administration of State lands,

• Improved quality of land information and service,

• Provide secure and update land information,

• Provide legal security, and

• Provide spatial data and information access and dissemination.

and thus:

• Support environmental protection and monitoring,

• Promote sustainable development of land, and

• Secure and increase investments in land.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Issues and Discussion• The Greek Land Administration needs a radical reform.

• Cadastre should be the core of a land administration system.

• Authorized land spatial information is the key element for

spatial planning, transparent land administration, and

sustainable development.

• The current operative cadastre should be expanded and

provide integrated land information.

• The proposed approach based on cadastral data along with

environmental information will be the pioneer initiative for a

real structural reform.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015

Issues and Discussion

• NCMA has the potential (infrastructure, experience, data, etc.)

to support the proposed land administration reform but needs

• Legislature amendments have already been passed to set up

the institutional framework and accelerate implementation:

1. Authorization of Forest Maps (Law No. 4164/2013).

2. Habitats (Law No. 3937/2011).

3. Additional services through cadastral offices (Law No.

2664/1998).

• Application of the proposed approach will result in additional

revenues to support maintenance and operations.

It is the Government responsibility to enforce this process for “public good”.

N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC

March 23-27, 2015