2015 STG Technical Training AIX/POWER Technologies Overview · PDF file2015 STG Technical...

© 2014 IBM Corporation

2015 STG Technical Training AIX/POWER Technologies Overview

STG Technical Training, February 6, 2015


Three curriculums

AIX

– UNIX Operating system that is designed to run on IBM POWER servers

PowerVM

– The firmware to supports partitioning of IBM POWER servers, virtualization of resources, and related capabilities

PowerHA System Mirror

– Cluster oriented methodology and supporting software that minimizes outages through redundancy, problem detection, and automatic fall-over to alternate resources

2 3/9/2015


The POWER Systems

IBM POWER systems are the Industry leader in

servers designed to run a UNIX operating system

– AIX and Linux (separate curriculum for Linux on Power)

The AS/400 server line converged with POWER

– Same hardware can run IBM i or UNIX

Various generations of POWER servers, each with

improved capabilities, robustness, and performance

– POWER6 and POWER6+ (2006-2009)

– POWER7 and POWER7+ (2010-2012)

– POWER8 (2013 to date)

3 3/9/2015


AIX – IBM’s proprietary UNIX OS

Leading UNIX O/S for reliability and performance

– Large established application base designed for UNIX environment

– Many shops running non-IBM UNIX environments are migrating over to running AIX on POWER

Job roles/skills for AIX on POWER environment:

– End user –

• most users now work with application interfaces

• basic “end user” skills are needed by admins and developers

– System administrators (our main target audience)

– Application and middleware administrators

• such as SAP, DB2, Oracle, Websphere, and others

– Software developers4 3/9/2015


AIX – basic user skills

Command line interface (CLI) provided by the “shell” and common commands.

– The default shell in AIX is Korn shell

– user can change to BSD or BASH

How to specify file (path and name) and manipulate files:

– “file system” of hierarchical directories

– commands to create/copy/move/delete/find files and examine/modify metadata

– controlling file access (security)

– commands to edit, sort, filter file contents

How to store and executed shell commands in scripts

– many admin duties are redundant and coding scripts vastly improves productivity

5 3/9/2015

IBM Power Systems

US Government Users Restricted Rights - Use duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010, 2013. All Rights Reserved.

File SystemWorking with

directoriesDATA

Working with files

Disks CD-ROM Network

Edit, printCopy, move, delete

Protect

The vi editor is available

on most UNIX platforms.

Basic user skills

IBM Power Systems

US Government Users Restricted Rights - Use duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp

Example of Korn shell scripting

export procs=24

export secs=16

export dir=/home/perflabs/nstress

for depth in 30 26 20 16 12 8 4 1

do

echo test with Q=$depth

$dir/ndisk64 -R -f /myfs/bigfile2 -r 100 -t $secs -M $procs | grep

TOTAL

echo pause to let queue empty

sleep 9

echo test with Q=$depth

$dir/ndisk64 -R -f /myfs/bigfile2 -r 100 -t $secs -M $procs | grep

TOTAL

echo pause to let queue empty

sleep 9

done

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010, 2013. All Rights Reserved.


AIX – administrator skillsUse CLI or SMIT (menu driven dialogue panels) to administer

Configuring and managing devices– Storage devices (SAS or Fiber Channel adapters)

– Network devices (Ethernet adapters)

– Adding, configuring, removing, tuning

Managing storage, using Logical Volume Manager (LVM)– Discovering available disks (local or SAN/LUNs)

– Organizing disks into pools (Volume Groups)

– Creating Logical Volumes using the VG storage

• Organizing LV as a file system (with tree of directories)

– Monitor and dynamically manage the space in the file systems

Managing software– Install, list, and update software packages

Install AIX– using local optical disk drive (DVD media)

– across the network using Network Installation Manager (NIM) server

System backup & recovery (AIX mechanisms, often with NIM)

8 3/9/2015


AIX – Advanced administrator skills Install and manage a NIM server

– may need to manage many levels of AIX and many images

Use advanced AIX/POWER techniques to provide security

– Network security

– Encrypted file system

– Role-base security (RBAC)

– PowerSC and the “trusted” suite for security

Monitor and Tune for performance

Advanced Network Configurations

Problem monitoring and problem determination techniques

Advanced techniques for backup and restore

9 3/9/2015


Partitioning and PowerVM skills

Hardware Management Console (HMC) manages the

servers

Admin uses HMC to divide POWER server into logical

Partitions

– Assign resources (cores, adapters, memory) to each

– Dedicated resources can limit # of LPARs and result in

inefficient use of resources

10 3/9/2015

IBM Power SystemsN

on

-vo

lati

le R

AM

Hypervisor

Partition 1

Unassigned

resources

LPAR

allocation

tables

HMCAIX Linux

Service

processorProcessors

Memory

I/O Slots

Partition 2

POWER server

Ethernet

The big picture

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009, 2014

IBM Power SystemsPartitioning and PowerVM skills

• Use PowerVM to virtualize resources

– More efficient use of resources

– Shared Processor Pool with capacity allocation to LPARs

– Create virtual I/O server (VIOS) to manage shared adapters

or shared memory

• share network adapter (client LPARs have virtual ethernet

adapters)

• share storage adapter (clients LPARs have virtual storage

adapters)

– Shared Memory Pool with capacity allocation to LPARs

123/9/2015

IBM Power Systems

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

Hypervisor

Virtual

Ethernet

Virtual

switch

Physical

Ethernet

Layer 2

bridge

Virtual I/O Server(with shared Ethernet adapter and

virtual SCSI configuration)

Client

partition

SCSI RDMA protocol

DMA

buffer

Virtual

SCSI

server

adapterDevice

mapping

Physical volumes, files,

tapes, or logical volumes

Virtual

SCSI

client

adapter

Virtual

Ethernet

Physical

network

Virtual I/O Server example


Advanced PowerVM skills Performance tuning with virtual resources

– Trade-offs of performance versus efficient resource usage

– Measuring and tuning performance with virtualized resources

Redundant VIOS partitions for better availability

– If VIOS partition needs maintenance, can avoid a planned outage for the client LPARs

– Configurations for managing networking and storage access when a client LPAR can use two VIOS

Live Partition Mobility (LPM)

– Allow a non-disruptive relocation of virtualized LPAR from one server

to another.

Shared Storage Pools

– Obtain a large pool of storage and create virtual disks from that pool

– Needs less coordination with SAN and storage subsystem admins

– Multiple servers can share pool -> better LPM support

14 3/9/2015

IBM Power Systems

Live Partition Mobility

• Live Partition Mobility allows running AIX partitions (with virtual

resources) to be migrated from one physical server to another without

downtime.

• Partition mobility provides systems management flexibility and is

designed to improve system availability.

– Can help avoid planned outages for hardware or firmware maintenance

– Can help avoid unplanned downtime

• If a server indicates a potential failure, you can move its partitions to another server

before the failure occurs.

– Enables optimized resource use by moving workloads from server to server

LP

AR

:

AIX

1

LP

AR

:

AIX

1

No

Downtime



PowerHA System Mirror skills

High Availability

– Minimizes impact of planned or unplanned outages

– Single point of failure analysis and redundant resources

– Automatic problem detection

– Automatic fall-over to alternate resources (also manual)

– Ensuring transparency to user (same data, same network)

Configured within a facility for individual server outage.

Configured for site disaster recovery with alternate server in a

different geography.

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IBM Power Systems

Just what does PowerHA SystemMirror do?

• PowerHA SystemMirror functions:

– Monitors the states of nodes, networks, network adapters, repository disk, and rootvg

– Strives to keep resource groups highly available

– Optionally, PowerHA monitors the state of the applications, and can be customized to react to almost every possible failure

Repository

disk


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