Folsom Res Jan 14, 2014

Division of Statewide Integrated Water Management W a t e r U s e E f f i c i e n c y B r a n c h

2015 Drought: A Statewide Perspective

Dave Todd Green California Summit April 7, 2015

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Governor Brown Issues Executive Order - April 1, 2015 Snow Survey

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Snowpack Changes: 2013 to 2015

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January 13, 2013 134% of Normal

January 13, 2014 Minimal snowpack

January 31, 2015 Valley is green after December

rains, but no snowpack

All photos from NOAA.gov

Statewide Drought Conditions

2013-2014: driest 12-month period in 119 years

A very rare event in a climate context, but not compared to Medieval drought

Similar to1976-1977 drought, but temps are 2 degrees (F) higher, & CA grew by 16 million people

CA Dept. of Finance projects an increase in state population from 37 million in 2010 to 51 million by 2050

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Water Impacts Every Aspect of Life in California

Low reservoirs levels impact water supply and hydroelectric output

Folsom Reservoir January 9, 2015

Lake Oroville March 2, 2015

San Luis Reservoir February 25, 2015

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Romero Overlook visitors center

Snow Water Content is Low so Minimal Runoff

April 1, 2015 Statewide Average: 5%

http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action

Northern Sierra/Trinity 5% of average

Central Sierra 5% of average

Southern Sierra 5% of average

CA Drought Conditions Continue

8 http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA

U.S. Drought Monitor California

March 31, 2015

Local Drought Conditions April 3, 2015

447 water suppliers with mandatory restrictions

55 water suppliers with voluntary restrictions

Effects of drought highly regional even while entire state is classified in severe to exceptional drought this year

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Local Drought Conditions March 20, 2015

7 Suppliers have implemented water rationing

5 water meter moratoriums are in effect 4 Building moratoriums are in effect 10 Urban Demand Offset programs are

in effect One Ag Demand Offset Prog. is in effect Four Outdoor watering prohibitions are

in effect 10

Drought Impacts

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Drought Effect on Water Quality

Degradation of water quality results from drought-related reduced surface water flows & lower lake levels, & over-pumping groundwater

Over-pumping results in regional subsidence & seawater intrusion that further reduces fresh water supplies

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Regional Effects of Drought on Groundwater Central Valley growers rely on

groundwater to get by during droughts Severe overdraft has reduced the

availability of groundwater during droughts

Groundwater banking, artificial recharge, conservation and water markets needed to reduce overdraft

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Wells Deepened, Levels Drop

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Energy Consumption in the Water Sector

Drought Impacts to Energy Generation and Use In-state hydropower decreases

substantially in dry years but is buffered by out of state hydro and reduced SWP and CVP pumping

Groundwater pumping uses substantially more energy in dry/critical years

Decrease in hydropower is almost an order of magnitude higher than increase in groundwater pumping energy

Drought Affects Public Health

Drought plus high heat can cause physical and mental stress

Sanitation, hygiene & nutrition impacts Air quality worsened by dust and wildfire

residue Minimum CDPH service requirements

for GPCD

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Drought Impacts on the Economy

Sectors hardest hit by drought are oagriculture ohydropower oforest industry

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Note: Based on 1998-2005 CWP averages. Volumes shown are in millions of acre-feet per year.

Agriculture 33.2

Urban 8.8

Residential Interior

2.7

Residential Exterior

3.0

CII Sector 2.6

Other 0.5

Industrial 0.6

Large Landscape

0.9

Statewide Water Use

Urban Use

CII Sector Use

Commercial Institutional

1.1

California Agricultural Impacts

9.3 million acres, average irrigated, 1998-2010, 34 MAF, 80% of CA’s total applied water

CA farmers left as much as 500,000 acres unplanted in 2014, or12 % of last year’s crops

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Drought Impacts on the Environment Loss of habitat, terrestrial & aquatic Lack of food & water for wildlife Disease & insect problems in wildlife Lower water levels, temperature rises in

water bodies impact ecosystems

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Endangered Species Impacts

CA native freshwater fishes are in severe decline even without drought

Drought accelerates declines & makes recovery difficult

Increases in extinctions & endangered species listings will further complicate water management without better protection of native fishes during drought

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Infrastructure Impacts from Increased Groundwater Pumping Damage to building foundations as soils

swell & shrink Damage to water & sewer lines Damage from increased wildfires

associated with drought

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Diminishing snowpack

More extreme weather patterns

Rising sea level Higher

air/water temperatures

Climate change impacts on water supply:

Drought Response

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State Response

DWR Snow Survey 2014 DWR Snow Survey 2011 DWR Snow Survey 2015

Executive Order B-20-15

A distinct possibility exists that the current drought will stretch into a fifth straight year in 2016 and beyond

Mandates a 25% reduction in urban potable water use. Cities and towns to reduce usage as compared to 2013

SWRCB and CPUC to consider relative per capita use in each water suppliers’ service area

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Executive Order B-20-15

DWR shall lead a statewide initiative to replace 50 million square feet of lawns and ornamental turf with drought tolerant landscapes

CEC with DWR shall implement a time-limited statewide appliance rebate program for the replacement of inefficient household devices

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Executive Order B-20-15

SWRCB shall impose restrictions that require CII properties (campuses, golf courses, and cemeteries) to reduce potable water usage

SWRCB shall prohibit irrigation with potable water of ornamental turf on public street medians

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Executive Order B-20-15

SWRCB shall prohibit irrigation with potable water outside of new homes and

Buildings that is not delivered by drip or micro spray systems.

SWRCB shall direct urban water suppliers to develop rate structures and other pricing mechanisms to maximize water conservation

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Executive Order B-20-15

SWRCB shall require urban water suppliers to provide monthly information on water use, conservation and enforcement on a permanent basis

SWRCB shall require frequent reporting of water diversion and use by water right holder, conduct inspections and bring enforcement actions

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Executive Order B-20-15

DWR shall update the State Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance

Ag water suppliers that supply water to more than 25,000 acres shall include a drought management plan in their required 2015 Ag Water Mgt Plan

Ag water suppliers that supply water to 10,000 to 25,000 acres shall develop AWMPs

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Executive Order B-20-15

Local water agencies in high and medium groundwater basins shall immediately implement all requirements of the California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring Program

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Executive Order B-20-15

The CEC shall adopt emergency regulations establish standards that improve the efficiency of water appliances in new and existing buildings

The CEC jointly with DWR and the SWRCB shall implement a Water Energy Technology program to deploy innovative water management technologies and accelerate their use

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California Water Action Plan

Issued January 2014 Ten actions set a path toward reliability,

restoration and resilience in CA water

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CA Water Action Plan- Water Use Efficiency-Directed Actions

DWR structuring activities in line with CA Water Action Plan #1- Make conservation a way of life (improve efficiency, provide funding, increase water/energy/GHG reduction connections, promote local conservation ordinances #5- Manage and prepare for dry periods

Drought Proclamation Also Guides DWR Actions January 17, 2014 Governor Brown

proclaimed a State of Emergency and directed state officials to take all necessary actions to prepare for drought

asked all Californians to reduce water consumption by 20 percent

directed state agencies to use less water and to hire more firefighters

available at www.drought.ca.gov

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Governor and Legislature announce a $1 billion plan to provide immediate relief and stave off future problems. Accelerates $128 million in expenditures from

the Governor's budget to provide direct assistance to workers and communities impacted by drought and to implement the Water Action Plan.

$272 million in Proposition 1 Water Bond funding for safe drinking water and water recycling

Accelerates $660 million from the Proposition 1E for flood protection in urban and rural areas.

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Drought Funding & Assistance Senate Bills 103 & 104 appropriated $687.4

million for drought Draft Drought IRWM PSP for $200 million

now available for review: http://water.ca.gov/irwm/grants/implementation.cfm

PSP Drought for $19 million Cap & Trade in development

Prop 1 WUE PSP $70 million for grants – for 2015/16 9.5 million yr. Ag, 8.0 million Urban

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2015 Prop 84 IRWM Drought Solicitation In addition to being one of the 11 IRWM

project elements, projects must also be one of the SB 104 drought project types: o Immediate drought preparedness oWater supply reliability and delivery of safe

drinking water oLocally not cost effective water conservation

programs and measures oWater quality or ecosystem conflict created by

the drought All other IRWM grant programs remain in

effect

Water Energy Grant Program

$19M Local Assistance

Residential, commercial, or institutional water efficiency programs or projects

Projects must do all of the following oReduce greenhouse gas emissions oReduce water use oReduce energy use

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Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM) Planning a collaborative effort to manage all

aspects of water resources in a region 48 regions, crossing jurisdictional,

watershed, and political boundaries involves multiple agencies, stakeholders,

individuals, and groups Seeks mutually beneficial solutions IRWM grants:

http://www.water.ca.gov/irwm/grants/ 43 4/14/2015

Water Use Efficiency

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6 components of Water Shortage Contingency Plans 1. Define stages 2. Assess supply for 3 consecutive dry years 3. Discuss catastrophic supply interruption plan 4. Define prohibitions, penalties, and

consumption reduction methods 5. Describe expected revenue effects and

propose measures to overcome those effects 6. Describe methods used to monitor and

document water use reductions

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Urban Drought Guidebook Update in 2015

Water supplier-focused Instructions for preparing

Water Supply Contingency Plans for UWMPs

Drought response examples http://www.water.ca.gov/pu

bs/planning/urban_drought_guidebook/urban_drought_guidebook_2008.pdf

Urban Drought Guidebook

Water supplier-focused Instructions for

preparing Water Supply Contingency Plans for UWMPs

Drought response examples

http://www.water.ca.gov/pubs/planning/urban_drought_guidebook/urban_drought_guidebook_2008.pdf

Urban Water Conservation Big Ticket Items Reduce landscape water use Give better pricing signals Provide better information to customers Reduce leaks

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Factors influencing residential water use Lawn watering & outdoor water

use (lot size) Climate Plumbing fixtures and appliances Household income Cost of service, price of water Number of residents Age and lifestyle of residents

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Graywater Standards Simplified in 2010 Clothes washer systems that do not require cutting of

existing plumbing systems now exempt from construction permit process

A “Simple System” discharging less than 250 gallons per day MAY be exempted by local enforcing agency

California Department of Housing and Community Development Division of Codes and Standards: http://www.hcd.ca.gov/codes/shl/2007CPC_Graywater_Complete_2-2-10.pdf

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Use Pricing Signals

Lower fixed charges and increase quantity charges based on use

Conservation rate structures Types include: oUniform volumetric rate oIncreasing block rate or tiered rate oAllocation or budget-based rate oConsumption-based fixed rate oDrought surcharges or rationing rates

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Provide more info to customers

Advanced meter and sensor technologies to generate significantly more detailed information than previously available

Helps consumers learn how their water use compares with others, making it more likely that they will take actions to conserve water

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Fix Leaks

An average CA home loses 31 gallons of water per day to leaks

toilet leaks most common (flappers), then faucets, irrigation systems and then pipes

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Demand Offset Programs

One way to reduce the impact of new connections is to enact a demand-offset program. Under this program, developers wanting approval for new construction are required to demonstrate that they will conserve, in the community, two to three times the quantity of water the new project will use. 10 California communities have an offset program.

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Water Meter Moratoriums

One way to reduce the impact of new connections is to enact a water meter connection moratorium Under this program, each community determines the conditions under which they will allow new connections. 8 California communities have an water meter moratorium.

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Recycled Water and Desalination

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Recycled Water Beneficially reused treated municipal wastewater

(secondary or tertiary treatment)

Municipal Recycled Water Use is Increasing

Municipal Recycled Water Use is Diversifying

on

1970 175,000 AF

1987 267,000 AF

1.Golf Course and Landscape Irrigation were combined before 2009 2. Commercial use was included in Other before 2009 3.Seawater Intrusion Barrier and Groundwater Recharge were combined before 2001

2009 669,000 AF

Golf Course Irrigation Landscape Irrigation Commercial Industrial Agricultural Irrigation Geothermal Energy Production Natural System Restoration, Wetlands, Wildlife Habitat Recreational Impoundment Seawater Intrusion Barrier Groundwater Recharge Other

Recycled Water as a Drought Response

Increased interest in recycled water as ‘normal supplies’ and state and federal allocations have been decreased

State Water Resources Control Board in 2014 issued a draft General Waste Discharge Requirements for Recycled Water Use.

Desalination and Drought Impacts on water supply from drought oSeawater is not linked to rain or snowpack.

It is available whether or not there is a drought.

oInland, ground water and surface water are linked to rain or snowpack. •Natural fresh water replenishment is diminished during droughts.

Desalting saline water mitigates the effects of droughts by producing fresh water.

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Desalination--Potential Benefits

Expanding local water supply by producing “new” water from an unusable saline source.

Improving overall supply reliability by diversifying resource portfolios.

Providing emergency supplies during drought periods and after extraordinary events.

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DWR Activities Updating the DWR Drought Page with Links

and Tools

Existing Drought Page

Existing Water Conditions Page

Other Projects

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Water Conservation Apps

DWR Working with Others

Save Our Water Campaign CUWCC urban workshops UC ANR ag outreach ITRC ag assistance CRWA Small system workshops Presentations

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Conclusion “Make water conservation a way of

life.” - Water Action Plan #1

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Contact us:

Dave Todd David.todd@water.ca.gov

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