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Geography of the UK

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Main topics

1. Name of the Country2. Symbols of the UK3. Formation of the Country4. Name of the people5. Where is the UK and What’s the size?6. Climate7. Natural resources

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Name of the country

The Name of the UnionThe full and official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe abbreviated name:the United Kingdom / the UK / Great Britain / BritainThe informal name:England

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Symbols of the UK and its member countries

What may remind you of the country and its member countriesSymbols of The UKSymbols of EnglandSymbols of ScotlandSymbols of WalesSymbols of Northern Ireland

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Union flag

Union Flag or Union Jack

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National Emblem (国徽 )

The shape of a shield The symbol of the unity: the center

England: Yellow lionsScotland: Red lion ready to fight

Ireland: David’s harp The symbol of belligerence: the middle

The Order of Garter: the medalThe helmet

The motto: Honi soit qui mal y pense Shame who think of it badly.

Shame whoever thinks it evil ( 恶有恶报 ) The symbol of support, and the passant guardian

England: the standing lion: a passant guardianScotland: the standing unicorn

The symbol of the importance of England The symbol of the king/queen

The motto of the queen: Dieu et mon droitGod and my right ( 天有上帝，我有权力 )

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British national anthem (国歌 ) "God Save the Queen/ the King"

Used to be an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms; Currently serves as the national anthem of the United Kingdom, one of the two national anthems of New Zealand, and the royal anthem of Canada, Australia, Jamaica and the Isle of Man.

God save the QueenGod save our gracious Queen 帝保佑女王，Long live our noble Queen  祝她万寿无疆，God save the Queen 神佑女王。Send her victorious 常胜利，Happy and glorious 沐荣光；孚民望，心欢畅；Long to reign over us 治国家，王运长；God save the Queen. 神佑女王！

Thy choicest gifts in store 愿上帝恩泽长，On her be pleased to pour 选精品，倾宝囊，Long may she reign 万岁女王！May she defend our laws 愿她保护法律，And give us ever cause 使民心齐归向，To sing with heart and voice 一致衷心歌唱，God save the Queen. 神佑女王！

[Video]

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National flags of the UK

　　 St. George‘s Flag (England) 　　　　 St Andrew's Flag  (Scotland)

　　 The Red Dragon (Wales) 　 St Patrick's Flag (Ireland)National flags of the UK

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National personification of the UK (1)

BritanniaTails of British coins

The name Romans gave to the southern British province (England today)

The name that was given to the female embodiment of Britain, wearing a helmetholding a trident

'Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the waves'.

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National personification of the UK (2)

John Bull A fictional character

Personify certain English virtues:Patriotism and determination

His appearance:An 18th century country gentleman

Reminding of an idyllic rural past

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National animals of the UK

Lion Bulldog

Robin Red fox

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Motto of the UK

Dieu et mon droit. (French)God and my right. (English)

天有上帝 , 我有权利。

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Symbols of England

Symbols of England

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National flag of England

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Patron Saint of England

Saint George (ca. 275-281–April 23, 303)

a soldier of the Roman Empire from the then Anatolia (Turkey) venerated as a Christian martyr

He is immortalised in the tale of George and the Dragon.

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National Flower of England

The Tudor rose sometimes called the English Rose is a traditional emblem of England takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty

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National animal of England

LionCourage and bravery

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Coats of arms of England

Three lions

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Motto of England

Dieu et mon droit. (French)

God and my right. (English)天有上帝 , 我有权利。

(the same as that of the UK)

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Symbols of Scotland

Symbols of Scotland

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National Flag of Scotland

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National flower of Scotland

Thistle ( 蓟 )

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Patron Saint of Scotland

St. Andrew

An old man long white hair and beard

the Gospel ( 福音书 ) in right handVenerated by all Christianity

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National Animal of Scotland

Unicorn ( 独角兽 )

a horse differing with a horn on its forehead

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Coat of arms of Scotland

a red lionwith blue tongue and clawson a yellow field surrounded by a red double royal tressure

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Motto of Scotland

Nemo me impune lacessit. (Latin)

No one provokes me with impunity.

犯我者必被犯。(http://sduwxy.blog.sohu.com/

39587039.html)

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Symbols of Wales

Symbols of Wales

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National flag of Wales

Red Drag Flag

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Patron Saint of Wales

St. Davidbishop with a dove, usually on his shoulder, venerated by Roman Catholic Church; Anglican Communion

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National flower of Wales

Daffodil ( 水仙 )

Leek ( 韭葱 )

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National animal of Wales

Y Ddraig Goch ( [ə ðraiɡ ɡox])

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Coat of arms of Wales

used by the Prince of Wales

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Motto of Wales

Cymru am byth (Welsh) Wales Forever.永远的威尔士。

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Symbols of Northern Ireland

Symbols of Northern Ireland

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National flag of Northern Ireland

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Patron Saint of Northern IrelandSt. Patrick

(also the patron of the whole island with the Republic of Ireland included)

Patrick, when a boy, was seized by pirates from his home near Carlisle and sold into bondage to an Irish chieftain. He escaped, and at length reached the Continent, where eventually he was ordained a bishop. Later he returned to the land of his former captivity, and by his preaching converted the Irish to Christianity. Legend says at that time the country was oppressed by great serpents and a host of loathsome, poisonous reptiles. Endowed with miraculous power, St. Patrick drove every snake from the land into that unfathomed pool, amid the Kerry Hills, from whence only the Last Trumpet may release them.

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National Flower of Northern Ireland

Shamrock ( 荷兰翘摇 ) Flax ( 亚麻 )

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Coat of arms of Northern Ireland

Obsolete

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Motto of Northern Ireland

Quis separabit? (Latin)Who shall separate us?

(English)何人能将我们分开？

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Formation of the UK

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Name of the peoples

The peoples of the countryWhen and where did “Britain” come from?the Brythons (Britons) migrating from the European Continent before 300 B.C.When and where did “England” come from?Anglo Saxon and Jutes, collectively known as Angles, migrating from the northwestern Europe in the 5th century A.DEngland: “Angla-land”, the land of AnglesYesterday’s name (from 1800 and the early 1920’s):England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland: once separate nationsEngland has controlled the other nations over centuries. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandToday’s name: the 26 Irish Free States achieved their independence in 1921.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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Where is the UK and what’s its size?

The location of the UK Neighboring countries The size of the UK Landforms Rivers and lakes Coastline

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Where is the UK and what’s its size?

Location

Situated in Western EuropeSeparated from the European continent by

the North Seathe Strait of Dover

the English Channel

Its latitude 50°N--60°N

Its longitude2°E-- 8°W

The prime meridian of 0° old Greenwich observatory

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Prime Meridian( 本初子午线 ) (A video clip)

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Where is the UK and what’s its size?

UK Neighbors:France

Holland Germany Denmark

Norway Belgium

the Irish Republic Iceland

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Where is the UK and what’s its size?

A small countrySize (mid-2006) 242,514 km2 (79th )2% 966 km from the south coast to the extreme north of mainland Britain483 km across the widest partPopulation60,587,300 (21st)Density248 h/km2 (48th)

Yet a big role Political role: UN, G8 (G7), NATO, British Commonwealth …Economic role: EU member,

GDP Total $2.660.7 billion (5th) - Per capita $38,624 (12th)Cultural role: the English language, the tourism …Educational role: Oxford, Cambridge …international students…

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Landforms (1)

The rough division of the island of Great Britain the lowland & the highland

the lowland:Midland, southern and eastern England

the highland:the Pennines,the Lake District,most of Wales and Scotland.

Smaller islands:Channel Islands, Scilly Isles, Isle of Wight Isle of ManInner Hebrides Outer HebridesOrkney Islands Shetland Islands

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Landforms (2)

Landforms of England130,000 square kilometers,

three landform regions1. the east, the southeast and midland:

plains2. middle England:

highland formed by the Pennines: the backbone of EnglandCross Fell (Summit 893 m)

3. The north and west:hilly: the Cumbrian Mountain RangeScafell (977 m), the highest in England

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Landforms (3)

ScotlandLandforms of Scotland: highland78,760 km2

2/3 is covered by Highlands. the Grampian MountainsBen Nevis (1344 m), the highest mountain

Wales20,700 km2: much of the land is pastureland for sheep and cattlethe industrial souththe central plateaus and lakes the mountainous north of the farmers and tourists.Snowdon (1085m)

Northern IrelandMainly composed of plainsmainly farming and cattle-raising

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Rivers and Lakes (1)

Thames River (338 km) (A boat trip)

Severn River (354 km), which rises in the mountains of Walesand empties into the Bristol Channel, where the ports of Cardiff and Bristol are located.

The Mersey River (110 kilometers in length) flows between Lancashire and Cheshire into the Irish Sea. Its estuary, navigable for ocean vessels, is linked to Manchester by a ship canal, with the port Liverpool on its mouth.

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Rivers and Lakes

Since Britain was subjected to considerable glaciations, the highlands, especially in northern Scotland, the Cumbrian Mountains, and the North Wales, contain many deep valleys filled with long, ribbon-shaped lakes. These regions constitute great attractions for tourists. Lakes in Britain are chiefly found in the English Lake District, the Scottish Highlands, the Welsh mountains and Northern Ireland.

The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a ruralarea in North West England. A popularholiday destination, it is famous for itslakes and its mountains (or fells), andits associations with the early 19th centurypoetry and writings of William Wordsworthand the Lake Poets.

Lake Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest ofall throughout the country and covers an area ofsome 396 square kilometers.

Loch Ness in Scotland is always linked with the monster.

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Lakes

　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Lake District 　　　　　　　　　　　　

William Wordsworth & his tomb

White sheep & Black sheep

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Romanticism and William Wordsworth (1)

Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated around the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature in art and literature. The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature. It elevated folk art, nature and custom, as well as arguing for an epistemology based on nature, which included human activity conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage. It was influenced by ideas of the Enlightenment and elevated medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be from the medieval period.

English romanticism: active and passive ShelleyByronColeridgeWordsworth

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Romanticism and William Wordsworth (2)

Daffodils I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of the bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in a sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.

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Coastline

The United Kingdom maritime claimsa coastline of 12,429 kmno location is more than 125 km from tidal waters

The UK claims jurisdiction overterritorial sea of 22 kmexclusive fishing zone of 370 kmthe continental shelf

(as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordancewith agreed upon boundaries)

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Temperate, maritime climate

Factors effecting the climatethe Gulf Stream the Atlantic Ocean

an annual average rainfall of over 1,020 millimeters, mountainous areas of the west and the north have far more rain

than the plains of the east and the south.

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Temperate, maritime climate

Summer: annual temperature: 10℃

January isotherms July isotherms Climate divisions

Damp and warm all the year round with rare extremes.

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Temperate, maritime climate

Almost all of the British Isles is to the north of Chinese Mohe （漠河） , but the climates are rather different 。

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Features of climate

More fogs or smog (smoke + fog) in winter, London

More rainy days but less sunny daysRainfall: not very heavy but rather oftenShetlands 260 days a year

Instability or changeability

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Natural Resources—coal Annual coal production: more

than 120 million tons. Closing down and

modernization Scotland

Ayrshire Central England （ 40% ）

YorkBirmingham NottinghamLeicester Derby

Northeastern and southeastern EnglandDurhamNorthumberland Canterbury

South WalesSouth Wales

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Natural Resources—petroleum

The North Sea is the site of Western Europe’s largest oil and natural gas reserves. It is surrounded to the west, south, and east by the UK, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

Oil and Gas Journal (2005) reports14.8 billion barrels of proven oil reservesNorway 57 %the UK 30%5.9 million bbl/d

Total oil production the UK was 2.08 million bbl/d in 2005, Most of the UK crude oil grades are light and sweet ( 脱硫油 ),

Oil production is expected to continue to decline,reaching 1.38 million bbl/d by 2009.

Reasons for this decline:1) the overall maturity of the country’s oil fields;2) the application of new crude oil extraction technologies that lead to field exhaustion at a quicker rate; and3) increasing costs as production shifts to more remote and inhospitable regions

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Natural Resources—forestation

Woodland coverage: 2.7 million hectares (2004)

England: a little less than 8%Scotland nearly 17%Wales: 14%Northern Ireland: 6%

The UK imports 85% of its timber and wood products, which costs about ￡ 1 billion a year.

Its woodlands produced 9 million cubic metres of timber,15% of total UK consumption. (rotting tree 1, woodcrasher 2, woodcrasher 3)

www/sduwxy.blog.sohu.com

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Natural resources—fresh water

With too much rain and many short and rapid rivers, Britain is rich in water resources.

However, it still cannot meet the needs of the growing industry and agriculture irrigation.

Water pollution affects many English and Scottish rivers. The fresh water problems, including inland water pollution, are far from being solved.

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The end