Benderi Darsril PhDKuan Boon, Ong Assoc Professor

Course OutlineCourse OutlineThis course studies the biomechanical factors involved in movement, with special focus on sports techniques, musculo-skeletal stress and understanding movement patterns.

Required Readings:•Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K. (2003). Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. Williams and Wilkins.

• end chapter multi questions (answers on WebCT)

Course OutlineCourse OutlineLECTURES & Tutorials: • Approximately 14 individual lectures & tutorials

LABORATORIES:10 laboratories (1 per fortnight) (+ mid sem. exam)

ASSESSMENT: Course Work 60%•Final Exam (40%)

Course OutcomesCourse Outcomes• Describe movement from a biomechanical perspective.• Understand how kinematic and kinetic variables relate to 2-D and 3 –

D movements.• Report the forces on the body during exercise and sporting activities.• Apply the concepts of joint moments and muscle torque to exercise.• Link basic muscle mechanics to exercise.• Understand the characteristics of gait, while also expressing the

kinematic and kinetic changes needed to change from walking to running gait.

• Be able to understand how the internal and external forces associated with movement inter-relate in optimal performance.

• Be able to critically appraise movement from a biomechanical perspective

Student ExpectationsStudent Expectations• Please be punctual for the start of lectures and laboratories.• Please turn off your mobile phones during lectures and

laboratories.• Please see the lab coordinator as soon as you have missed a class.

• The first option is to attend another lab time but please • A doctor’s certificate must be produced for a missed laboratory if the

lab is not made up. (5% penalty may apply for missed labs).

Scinece examine the internal and external forcwes acting on the human and the effects produce by those forces

Cricket HM&ES.avi

What is the scope of What is the scope of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics is a study of human movement using mechanics and applied anatomy ....

Sport• Technique development• Injury reduction

Clinical• Rehabilitation• Disease identification and progression

Occupational• Ergonomics• Kinanthropometry (Growth)

Technique Development

Injury Reduction

Rehabilitation

Disease Identification & Progression

Ergonomics

Kinanthropometry (growth)

Learning path for skill?Learning path for skill? Tactical

Technical

Physical

Mental

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

1.1. Past experiences as a Past experiences as a coach or playercoach or player

e.g. grip on the racquet

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

2.2. Current world trendsCurrent world trends

e.g. two handed backhand

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

3.3. Consider individual Consider individual FLAIRFLAIR of athleteof athlete

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

Must use the previous three Must use the previous three ++ an understanding of an understanding of the the

mechanics of the movementmechanics of the movement

e.g. time on strings (5 ms)

What is the structure of What is the structure of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics (kinesiology)Biomechanics (kinesiology)

Chapter 1: Hamill & Knutzen

Describing position or movementDescribing position or movementCartesian Coordinate System (2D or 3D)

X

Y

Planes of motionPlanes of motionSagittal

• right & left

Coronal (Frontal)• front & back

Transverse• Top &

Bottom

Planes of motionPlanes of motionSagittal

• Front Knee Angle

Coronal (Frontal)• Trunk Angle

Transverse• Shoulder

Alignment

History of BiomechanicsHistory of Biomechanics

1.1. Ancient Period - 300 B.CAncient Period - 300 B.C AristotleAristotle (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician) (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician) - Father of Kinesiology- Father of Kinesiology - First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement - First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement

ofof female 53% and male 57% at the anatomical positionfemale 53% and male 57% at the anatomical position Archimedes Archimedes (287 – 212 BC)(287 – 212 BC) - develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle) - principle of buoyancy- principle of buoyancy - moving a ship by himself - pulleys- moving a ship by himself - pulleys

Continue: History of BiomechanicsContinue: History of Biomechanics

2.2. Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D)Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D) - negative emphasis - in physical development - negative emphasis - in physical development Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D) -!st team of physician-!st team of physician - bring anatomy to room- bring anatomy to room - legal to open up human body- legal to open up human body -1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the -1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the

dissection of study of human bodydissection of study of human body

Continue - History of Continue - History of BiomechanicsBiomechanics3. 3. Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.• Leonardo da vinciLeonardo da vinci – 1 – 1stst modern dissector of the human body modern dissector of the human body

( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human ( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human dissection)dissection)

4. Post Renaissance (164. Post Renaissance (16thth-17-17thth century) century)• Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder

of Modern Anatomy.of Modern Anatomy. - 1- 1stst scientific textbook in Anatomy. scientific textbook in Anatomy.• Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope

and microscopeand microscope• Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3 Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3

laws of motionslaws of motions• Giovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern BiomechanicsGiovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern Biomechanics5. Modern Era:5. Modern Era:• Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the

horse.horse.• Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can

move the earthmove the earth

Lecture OutcomesLecture Outcomes• Explain the role that biomechanics plays in sport, clinical

and occupational settings and give an example of each.

• How does a coach or teacher decide what techniques should be changed and those that should be left alone?

• What is the Cartesian measurement system?

• In a tennis serve define a movement in the:• Sagittal plane• Transverse plane• Frontal plane

Revision for upcoming lecturesRevision for upcoming lectures• Muscle groups and their actions at the major joints • Planes of motion• Basic trigonometry revision (pg 467-469)• Linear kinematics and angular kinematics? Chapters 8

& 9 (10&11)

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Hip Flexion

Hip Extension

Hip Flexors•psoas major•iliacus •rectus femoris

Hip Extenders•gluteus maximus•adductor magnus (inferior)•hamstrings

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

knee Flexion

Knee Extension

Knee Flexors (hamstrings)•semitendinosus•semimembranosus•biceps femoris (2 heads)Hip Extenders (quadriceps)•rectus femoris •vastus lateralis, medialis & intermedialis

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Ankle Dorsi-Flexion

Ankle Plantar-Flexion

?

?

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Shoulder Abduction

Shoulder Adduction

?

?

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Shoulder Internal Rotation

ShoulderExternal Rotation

?

?

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Elbow Flexion

Elbow Extension

?

?

Journal review: Journal review: 1.1. Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to teach and Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to teach and

coach? coach? 2.2. Author : Ross SandersAuthor : Ross Sanders3.3. Year : 1993Year : 19934.4. Source: New Zealand Journal of Physical Education and Source: New Zealand Journal of Physical Education and

Recreation, Vol. 26(1)Recreation, Vol. 26(1)5.5. MethodsMethods6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why” questions 6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why” questions

(each in one paragraph)(each in one paragraph)

(1 page A4 size only) (1 page A4 size only)

Assignment:Please complete questiion 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Submit during your laboratory session