Pre-Caculus 12 – Formula Page Page 1

PRE-CALCULUS GRADE 12 FORMULA PAGE

The following information may be useful when writing this examination.

Trigonometry Algebra

For ax2 + bx + c = 0 , x = −b ± b2 − 4ac2a

Logarithms

In chemistry, the pH scale measures the acidity (0 < 7), alkalinity (7 > 14), and neutrality

(7) of a solution. It is a logarithmic scale in base 10. Thus, a solution of pH of 9 is 10 times

more alkaline than a solution of pH of 8.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

neutral water

pH Scaleincreasingacidity

increasingalkalinity

Permutations and Combinations

a = rθ

cscθ = 1sinθ secθ = 1

cosθ

cotθ = 1tanθ tanθ = sinθ

cosθ

cotθ = cosθsinθ

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

tan2 θ +1 = sec2 θ

1+ cot2 θ = csc2 θ

sin α + β( ) = sinα cosβ + cosα sin β

sin α − β( ) = sinα cosβ − cosα sin β

cos α + β( ) = cosα cosβ − sinα sin β

cos α − β( ) = cosα cosβ + sinα sin β

tan α + β( ) = tanα + tan β1− tanα tan β

tan α − β( ) = tanα − tan β1+ tanα tan β

sin 2θ = 2sinθ cosθ

cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ

= 2 cos2 θ −1

= 1− 2sin2 θ

tan 2θ = 2 tanθ1− tan2 θ

n Pr = n!n − r( )!

nCr = nr( ) = n!

r ! n − r( )!

In the expansion of a + b( )n , the general term is

tk+1 = nCk an−k bk

Page 2 Pre-Caculus 12 – Formula Page

ROUGH WORK SPACE FOR GRAPHING (No marks will be given for work done on this page.)