2013/14 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC ... · Ipsos MORI followed the standard data...

2013/14 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children

(HBSC) Wales: key findings

Ymchwil gymdeithasol

Social research

Number: 58/2015

For further information please contact:

Chris Roberts

Knowledge and Analytical Services

Welsh Government

Cathays Park

Cardiff

CF10 3NQ

Tel: 029 2082 6543

Email: [email protected]

Welsh Government Social Research, 22 October 2015

ISBN 978-1-4734-5051-6

© Crown Copyright 2015

All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated.

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

mailto:[email protected]






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Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Key Findings

Prepared by Ipsos MORI on behalf of the Welsh Government

October 2015

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Contents

Page 5: Aims of the research Page 74-79: Health: self-rated health

Page 6-7: Research design Page 81-87: Risk behaviours: tobacco use

Page 8: Strengths and limitations of the data Page 88-90: Exposure to smoking in cars

Page 9-11 Notes for the reader Page 91-93: E-cigarettes

Page 13-18: Eating behaviours: breakfast Page 94-112: Alcohol use

Page 19-30: Eating behaviours: fruit & vegetables Page 113-125: Exposure to drugs

Page 31-36: Eating behaviours: soft-drinks & energy drinks Page 126-130: Sexual behaviour

Page 37-39: Eating behaviours: sweets Page 132-137: Energy expenditure: journey to school

0-45: Oral health Page 138-143: Energy expenditure: computers and the internet

Page 46-51: Energy expenditure: physical activity Page 144-146: Energy expenditure: watching television

Page 53-58: Bodyweight: overweight and obesity Page 147-149: Sleeping behaviour

Page 59-61: Health: long-term health conditions Page 150-170: Emotional support: Family, teachers & friends

Page 62-64: Health: medically attended injuries Page 171-182: Attitudes towards school

Page 65-67: Health: Multiple health complaints Page 183-197: Experience of bullying and fighting

Page 68-73: Health: life satisfaction Page 198-204: Technical details and clarification notes

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Aims of the research

The Welsh Government commissioned Ipsos MORI to conduct the 2013/14 Health Behaviour in

School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Wales. The research in Wales forms part of an

international study of adolescent health.

The main objectives of the study include:

• to provide an in-depth understanding of young people’s health and well-being, including the social

determinants of health;

• to inform policy and practice to improve young people’s lives;

• to disseminate findings to various groups, for example Welsh Government policy makers, local

government, the NHS, teachers, parents, young people and researchers; and

• to initiate and sustain national and international research on health behaviour and the social context

of health among young people.

Data were collected in 42 countries/regions across Europe and North America for the 2013/14 study, in

collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). See www.hbsc.org for more detail.

This document, through a series of slides, presents selected headline findings for Wales from the

2013/14 study and where available, trends through time. It is anticipated that further publications will

follow.

http://www.hbsc.org/

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Research design (1)

Methods

• A survey of 9,055 secondary school children (aged 11-16 in school years 7 to 11) in Wales was

carried out through interviewer administered paper self-completion sessions in class.

• The methods used follow the HBSC international research protocol which ensures consistent survey

administration over time and throughout all participating countries.

• Fieldwork for the study was conducted between November 2013 and March 2014.

Sampling

• The sampling frame was a complete list of all maintained and independent schools in Wales, but

excluded special schools and sixth form colleges.

• The sampling frame was stratified by local authority and proportion of pupils eligible for free school

meals. In total,181 schools were sampled with probability proportionate to the school register.

• Disproportionate stratification was used to allow larger sample sizes in smaller local University HBs.

• Within each school, interviewers randomly selected one mixed ability class group for each of the five

curriculum years to provide a representative sample of secondary school pupils.

• Overall, 82 schools participated in the 2013/14 HBSC study. As four schools from the initial sample

of 181 were ineligible to take part, the school-level response rate was 46%. The response rate was

lower than in previous waves of the study.

• 9,055 completed questionnaires were obtained from pupils (a pupil-level response rate of 91%). On

average 24 pupils per class were interviewed.

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Research design (2)

Data analysis and editing

• Completed questionnaires were scanned electronically and then verified by a series of data checks.

Ipsos MORI followed the standard data edits as specified in the HBSC protocol.

• For open-ended questions the coding team at Ipsos MORI Data Capture, in consultation with the

research team, created a new series of response codes.

Data weighting

Two types of weights were applied to the results:

• Design weights to correct for disproportionate stratification by LHB when sampling schools, as well

as non-equal chances of selection of pupils caused by varying numbers of classes per year group,

and varying class sizes.

• Non-response weights to correct for different levels of response among particular groups.

Full details on the methods used can be found in the accompanying Technical Report.

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Strengths and limitations of the data

• The data in this report are based on a representative sample of 9,055 11 to 16 year olds across Wales. By the

standards of survey research this is a very large sample, allowing us to report with some confidence on the

behaviour of pupils of different age/sex groups, affluence levels and local University HB areas.

• A consistent methodology has been used across all waves of the research. This means we can be confident

that any changes observed in the data over time are likely to be due to real changes in the population’s

behaviour rather than changes in the way the survey is run or the way questions are asked.

• The study methodology is consistently applied across all participating countries which means that comparisons

can also be made with other countries. An international comparative report will be published during 2016.

• The use of self-reported surveys administered in schools under examination conditions is particularly

appropriate for the nature of the questions asked, with previous research finding that young people are most

likely to report risky/sensitive behaviours accurately with this methodology. However, there is still a possibility

that some respondents give socially acceptable, rather than accurate, responses.

• It is increasingly difficult to engage schools in this type of research. The school-level response rate for this

study was 46%, which means there is a chance that the type of school (and by extension, the type of pupils)

participating in the research is not completely representative of all schools (pupils) in Wales. Every effort is

made to encourage response and weighting has been applied to the data to correct for any observable

differences in the types of schools and pupils participating compared with the population. However, weighting

can only correct for characteristics that we hold population profile data about. The findings may therefore be

subject to non-response bias if there are important differences in the way pupils in participating and non-

participating schools would have responded to the survey questionnaire that we have been unable to control

for by weighting.

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Notes for the reader (1)

• This 2013/14 HBSC summary report focuses on key indicators of health or health behaviour in

young people in Wales under the following headings: social context of health; health outcomes;

health behaviours; and risk behaviours.

• For each indicator, results are presented by: gender; school year; family affluence; and local

University HB (LHB). The HBSC Family Affluence Scale (FAS) has been employed to estimate

young people's socio-economic status, based on a set of questions which measure the material

conditions of the household in which young people live. FAS 1 indicates low affluence households,

FAS 2 medium affluence and FAS 3 high affluence households. See note on FAS in the technical

annex at the end of the report.

• All local University HBs (LHBs) in Wales, with the exception of Powys Teaching, are University HBs.

Throughout this report shortened names are used to guide the reader, as set out below:

- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University HB also shown as Abertawe Bro Morgannwg

- Aneurin Bevan University HB also shown as Aneurin Bevan

- Betsi Cadwaladr University HB also shown as Betsi Cadwaladr

- Cardiff & Vale University HB also shown as Cardiff & Vale

- Cwm Taf University HB also shown Cwm Taf

- Hywel Dda University HB also shown as Hywel Dda

- Powys Teaching HB also shown as Powys.

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• Charts are based on all respondents, unless otherwise stated.

• Although the data are broken down by gender, school year and FAS for each indicator, the

supporting commentary will only comment upon differences which are statistically significant, having

taken into account the complex sample design and weighting. Notes underneath each chart indicate

where there is a statistically significant association.

• Where the number of respondents in a particular subgroup is less than 100, data are not presented

(e.g. age at which Year 11 students first got drunk by gender within FAS).

• Any proportions that are greater than 0 but less than 0.5% are denoted as ‘*’.

• Note that 2013/14 data are based on school years 7 to 11, while 2014 trend data use only school

years 7, 9 and 11 to be consistent with the data that are available for earlier waves of the study.

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• Where available, trend data is presented for key HBSC variables. Each trend line is based on the years for

which data are available during the period 1986-2014. There are sometimes gaps in the trend data, where

data are unavailable or are not comparable.

• As HBSC was only administered to pupils in years 7, 9 and 11 in previous waves, all data presented in trend

charts are based on responses from pupils in school years 7, 9 and 11 to provide an accurate indication of

change over time. As data for previous waves of HBSC were weighted and prepared slightly differently for

the trends analysis there may be minor deviations in the figures presented in this report when compared with

figures previously published in international HBSC reports.

• Trend charts show trends for gender, gender within year group, and an ‘overall’ measure (for years 7, 9 and

11). The significance of trends was measured by comparing the findings for the start and end-point of each

trend line.

• There have been changes in the timing of the fieldwork of HBSC over time which may affect responses to

some variables. For example, items measuring liking school and bullying may be influenced by year 7 pupils

having been in school for different periods of time before completing the survey. Fieldwork dates and mean

ages for each survey year are provided below.

1986: March 1986 (mean ages 12.1, 14.1 and 16.1).

1990: March to April 1990 (mean ages 12.1, 14.0 and 16.0).

1994: January 1994 (mean ages 11.9, 13.9 and 15.9).

1998: February to March 1998 (mean ages 11.9, 13.9 and 15.9).

2002: February to March 2002 (mean ages 12.0, 14.0 and 16.0).

2006: January to March 2006 (mean ages 12.0, 14.0 and 16.0).

2010: October 2009 to January 2010 (mean ages 11.7, 13.7 and 15.7).

2014: November 2013 to March 2014 (mean ages 11.8, 13.8 and 15.8).

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Key Findings – Health Behaviours

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How often do you usually have breakfast (more than a glass of milk or fruit

juice) on weekdays?

Boys, Year 7-8 pupils, and young people from more affluent backgrounds are most likely to eat breakfast every weekday

20%

6%

7%

8% 5%

55%

Never One day Two days

Three days Four days Five days

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 who gave an answer, surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (8,974) Source: Ipsos MORI

55%

63%

48%

66%

60%

52%

50%

51%

49%

50%

59%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% eating breakfast 5 days a week

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating breakfast 5 days a

week and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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juice) on weekdays?

70 68

60 60 59

61 52

42 40 43

0

20

40

60

80

100

Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11

Source: Ipsos MORI

% Girls

% Boys

Girls of all backgrounds eat breakfast less frequently than boys; girls’ breakfast eating falls steadily from Years 7-10

58 58 67

39 42 51

FAS 1 (LOW) FAS 2 (MED) FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Boys % Girls

% eating breakfast five days a week

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 who gave an answer, surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (8,974)

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating breakfast 5 days a week and the following variables: Girls’ Age,

Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

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57%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching HB

Cwm Taf

University HB

Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University HB

Hwyel Dda University HB

Cardiff & Vale University HB

Aneurin Bevan

University HB


juice) on weekdays?

Eating habits by LHB: Breakfast

% eating breakfast five days a week

Source: Ipsos MORI Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 who gave an answer, surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (8,974)

63%

50%

53%

51%

63%

57%

Boys Girls

Abertawe Bro Morgannwg

65% 49%

Aneurin Bevan 57% 45%

Betsi Cadwaladr 64% 50%

Cardiff & Vale 62% 42%

Cwm Taf 61% 42%

Hwyel Dda 70% 56%

Powys 69% 56%

Welsh

Average

55%

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating breakfast five days a

week and LHB

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juice) on weekdays?

There has been no significant change in the proportions of

young people eating breakfast every day of the week

55

58 56 56

62 64

60 62

47

52 52 49

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% breakfast 5 days a week

Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11: 4,059 (2002); 4,366 (2006); 5,420 (2010); 5,349 (2014)

‘Breakfast 5 days a week’ defined as young people who usually have breakfast on all five week days.

Source: Welsh Government/

Ipsos MORI

2002 figures are NOT significantly different to 2014 figures (based on total sample)

1986-1998 data not comparable

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juice) on weekdays?

Trends in breakfast eating: Girls

47

52 52 49

59 63

68

61

44

47 49

42

38

46

40

43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11



Base sizes for age/year group cells are at least 572


Ipsos MORI

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juice) on weekdays?

Trends in breakfast eating: Boys

62

64 60

62 64

70 68 69

63 67

57 60

58 57 56 58

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

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How many times a week do you usually eat fruit?

Girls, younger pupils and those from the most affluent backgrounds are most likely to eat fruit daily

5% 7%

12%

32% 14%

15%

16%

Never Less once a week

Once a week 2-4 days a week

5-6 days a week Once daily

More than once daily


31%

29%

32%

36%

33%

31%

28%

26%

26%

27%

33%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% eating fruit once a day or more

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating fruit once a day or

more and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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% eating fruit once a day or more


Rates of eating fruit decline with age for both boys and girls

34 31

32

25 25

38 35

30 30

28

0

10

20

30

40

50


30 25

31 23

28 35


% Boys % Girls% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating fruit once a day or more and the

following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

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Eating habits by LHB: Fruit

% eating fruit once a day or more 33%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

33%

29%

25%

33%

33%

30%

Boys Girls


29% 30%




Cwm Taf 22% 28%

Hwyel Dda 30% 36%

Powys 28% 39%

Welsh

Average

31%

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating fruit once a day or more

and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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The proportion of young people eating fruit every day has

dropped 2006-2014

23

35 31

31

20

31 29 30

26

38

34 32

0

10

20

30

40

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% fruit once a day or more


‘Fruit once a day or more’ defined as those who say they eat fruit once a day, every day or more than once a day.


Ipsos MORI

2002 figures are significantly different to 2014 figures (based on total sample)


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Trends in eating fruit: Girls

26

38

34 32 32

42

37 39

24

37

33 30

23

36

31

27

0

10

20

30

40

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

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Trends in eating fruit: Boys

20

31 29

30 23

34 34 34

19

30 29

31

20

30

24 25

0

10

20

30

40

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

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How many times a week do you usually eat vegetables?

More girls than boys report eating vegetables daily as do young people from the most affluent families

5% 4%

11%

27%

21%

15%

17%






33%

31%

35%

32%

36%

34%

33%

28%

23%

28%

36%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% eating veg once a day or more

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating vegetables once a

day or more and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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% eating veg once a day or more


Among the most affluent families, girls are more likely than boys to eat vegetables daily

30 32 33 30 28

34

40

34 37

28

0

10

20

30

40

50


23 26

34

23 29

39


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating vegetables once a day or more and

the following variables: Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

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Eating habits by LHB: Vegetables

% eating veg once a day or more 36%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

43%

27% 19%

32%

42%

34%

Boys Girls


32% 35%




Cwm Taf 18% 19%

Hwyel Dda 36% 49%

Powys 41% 47%

Welsh

Average

33%

There is a statistically significant relationship eating vegetables once a day

or more and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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The proportions of young people eating vegetables on a

daily basis have remained consistent, 2006-2014

22

31 31 31

20

30 29

30 24

33 33 32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% veg once a day or more


‘Veg once a day or more’ defined as those who say they eat vegetables once a day, every day or more than once a day.


Ipsos MORI



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Trends in eating vegetables: Girls

24

33 33

32

23

33

33 34

22

32

35 35

26

35

32 28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

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Trends in eating vegetables: Boys

20

30 29

30

19

28 27

29

19

28

30

33

22

32 30

27

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

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How many times a week do you usually drink coke or other soft drinks that

contain sugar?

One in five young people drink sugary soft drinks at least daily, more so from less affluent backgrounds

8%

16%

16%

25%

14%

9%

12%






21%

22%

20%

19%

21%

25%

19%

21%

28%

25%

18%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% drinking sugary drinks once a day or more

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking sugary drinks daily or more and the

following variables: Year Group, FAS

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% drinking sugary drinks once a day or more

How many times a week do you usually drink coke or other soft drinks that

contain sugar?

Daily consumption of sugary drinks for girls and boys varies by age and family affluence

20 21 24 20

23

18 21

26

19 18

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


27 23

20

29 26

16


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking sugary drinks daily and

the following variables: Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within girls

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How many times a week do you usually drink coke or other drinks that contain

sugar?


Drinking habits by LHB: Sugary drinks

19%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

14%

25%

32%

22%

12%

19%

Boys Girls


20% 19%




Cwm Taf 32% 31%

Hwyel Dda 14% 10%

Powys 13% 14%

% drinking sugary drinks once a day or more Welsh

Average

21%

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking sugary drinks once a

day or more and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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How many times a week do you usually drink energy drinks (such as Red Bull,

Monster, Rockstar)?

Half of the young people surveyed never drink energy drinks; just one in twenty say they do so at least once a day

50%

22%

10%

9% 4%

2% 3%






5%

7%

4%

5%

6%

6%

5%

6%

7%

7%

5%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% drinking energy drinks once a day or more

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking energy drinks once

a day or more often and the following variables: FAS, Gender

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% drink energy drinks once a day or more


Monster, Rockstar)?

In all year groups, and in moderate / high affluence families, boys drink energy drinks more regularly than girls

6

8

7

6

8

3

5 5

3

4

0

2

4

6

8

10


8 9 6 6 5

3


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking energy drinks once a day or more

often and the following variables: Gender within FAS 3, Gender within FAS 2, FAS within girls

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Monster, Rockstar)?


% drinking energy drinks once a day or more

Drinking habits by LHB: Energy drinks

5%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

3%

6% 9%

6%

3%

5%

Boys Girls


7% 2%

Aneurin Bevan 8% 4%



Cwm Taf 10% 7%

Hwyel Dda 5% 2%

Powys 4% 1%

Welsh

Average

5%

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking energy

drinks once a day or more and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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How many times a week do you usually eat sweets (candy or chocolate)?

A quarter of young people eat sweets once a day or more; a finding that holds for gender, year group and FAS

2% 8%

15%

33%

18%

13%

12%






24%

23%

25%

22%

25%

27%

25%

23%

24%

25%

24%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% eating sweets once a day or more

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating sweets once a day

or more and the following variables: Gender

38

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% eating sweets once a day or more


The proportion eating sweets on a daily basis are broadly similar by age, gender and FAS

20 22

25

25

23 23

28 29

25 23

0

10

20

30

40

50


22 24 23 26 26 25



% Boys

There is not a statistically significant relationship between eating sweets once a

day or more and any of the above variables

39

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Eating habits by LHB: Sweets

% eating sweets once a day or more 24%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

18%

28%

26%

27%

18%

23%

Boys Girls


24% 23%




Cwm Taf 23% 30%

Hwyel Dda 17% 19%

Powys 18% 18%

Welsh

Average

24%

There is a statistically significant relationship between eating sweets once

a day or more and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

40

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How often do you brush your teeth?

Three-quarters of young people brush their teeth more than once a day;

a figure that is higher among girls and those in high affluence groups

2%

0.5%

0.3%

More than once a day Once a day

Once a week Less than weekly

Never

75% 22%


75%

66%

84%

73%

75%

73%

76%

77%

70%

71%

78%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% brush teeth more than once a day

There is a statistically significant relationship between brushing teeth more than

once a day and the following variables: Gender, FAS

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Girls across all affluence groups are more likely to brush their teeth more than once a day than boys

67 67 64 66 67

79 84 83 86

86

0

20

40

60

80

100


61 61 70

78 81 86


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between brushing teeth more than once a week and the following variables: Girls’

Age, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

42

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Dental hygiene by LHB

% brush teeth more than once a day 74%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

68%

76% 72%

79%

72%

76%

Boys Girls


71% 81%




Cwm Taf 63% 84%

Hwyel Dda 61% 82%

Powys 59% 79%

Welsh

Average

75%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between brushing teeth once a day

or more and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

43

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There has been an increase in the proportion of young

people who brush their teeth more than once a day

61 63 63

67 67 70 71

74

50 54 55

58 58

63 64 66

72 73 73

76 77 78

80 82

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls


Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11: 6,178 (1986); 6,513 (1990); 3,775 (1994); 4,053 (1998); 4,086 (2002); 4,391 (2006); 5,454 (2010); 5,317 (2014)


Ipsos MORI


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Dental hygiene: Girls

72 73 73 76 77 78 80 82

65 66 65

72 72 75

72

78 71 72 73

75 78 78

83 83 79 80 81 81 81 82 85 85

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

45

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Dental hygiene: Boys

50 54 55 58

58

63 64 66

48

52 52

57 58 61 61

67

50 50

53 56 58

62 64 64 53

58 59 60 58

65 65 66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11



Ipsos MORI



46

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Over the past 7 days, on how many days were you physically active for a total

of at least 60 minutes per day?

One in seven young people report being physically active every day in the last week; girls are less active than boys

4% 7%

14%

18% 18%

15%

10%

15%

0 days

1 days

2 days

3 days

4 days

5 days

6 days

7 days


15%

20%

11%

21%

15%

16%

13%

12%

15%

13%

17%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% physically active for 60 minutes every day in past 7 days

There is a statistically significant relationship between being active every day in the

past 7 days: Gender,Year Group, FAS

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% physically active 60 minutes a day every day



Across all age groups and FAS grades boys are more likely to exercise regularly than girls; rates of activity decline with age

27

20 20 18

17

15

11 13

8 8

0

10

20

30

40


18 17 22

13 9 11


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between being active every day in the past 7 days and the following

variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys

48

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Participation rates in exercise by LHB

% physically active 60 minutes a

day every day 17%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

17%

15%

16%

15%

16%

14%

Boys Girls


18% 9%




Cwm Taf 18% 13%

Hwyel Dda 21% 11%

Powys 22% 10%

Welsh

Average

15%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between being physically

active 7 days out of the last 7 and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

49

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Over the past 7 days on how many days were you physically active for a total


Participation in physical activity are no different in 2014 than 2002.

Boys are consistently more likely than girls to be physically active

17

21

19

16

21

28

23

21

12

14 14

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% physically active on 7 days


‘’Physically active 7 days’ defined as those who were physically active for at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days of the previous 7 days


Ipsos MORI



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Participation rates in exercise: Girls

12

14 14

12

16

21 21

15

12

12 12

12

7

9 10

23

0

5

10

15

20

25

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

51

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Participation rates in exercise: Boys

21

28

23

21

25

36

27 26

22 27

23 20

16

22 21

16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

52

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Key Findings – Health Outcomes

53

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BMI group

Just under one in five young people are overweight/ obese; this figure

increases among boys and those in the lowest family affluence group

82%

14%

4%

Under/normal weight Overweight Obese

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (3,617) Source: Ipsos MORI

18%

21%

15%

16%

16%

17%

18%

19%

25%

20%

16%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Overweight/Obese

There is a statistically significant relationship between being overweight/obese and the

following variables: FAS, Gender

Please note that BMI data is calculated

from self reported height/weight figures

and from a smaller sample size owing to

high levels of non-response so should

be treated with some caution.

54

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% Overweight/Obese

BMI group

In all year groups, and in moderate / high affluence families, boys are more likely to be defined as overweight or obese than girls

18 18 19

23

22

15 14 15 13

16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


23 24

19

28

16 12


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between being overweight/obese and the following

variables: Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

55

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BMI group


Overweight/ obesity levels by LHB

% Overweight/Obese

17%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

20%

18%

25%

15%

20%

16%

Boys Girls


16% 16%




Cwm Taf 29% 17%

Hwyel Dda 26% 14%

Powys 23% 12%

19%

Welsh

Average

18%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between being

overweight/obese and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

56

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BMI Group

There is no significant change in the proportion of young people

defined as overweight/obese, 2002-2014

21 19

19 19

23

19

21 21

18 19

16 16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% overweight/obese

Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11 with plausible height and weight: 3,363 (2002); 2,928 (2006); 2,606 (2010); 2,139 (2014)

Please note that BMI data is calculated from self-reported height/ weight figures so should be treated with some caution.


Ipsos MORI


1986-1998 data not available

57

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BMI Group

Overweight/ obesity levels: Girls

18

19

16

16

18

22

16

20

18 17

18

14

17

19

14

16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11

% overweight/obese




Ipsos MORI

58

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BMI Group

Overweight/ obesity levels: Boys

23

19

21 21

25

19 21

20

23

19 19 19

21

21

23 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11

% overweight/obese




Ipsos MORI

59

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15%

16%

14%

16%

15%

16%

16%

13%

16%

15%

15%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% with long term disability

Yes

No

15%

85%

Do you have a long-term illness, disability or medical condition (like diabetes,

arthritis, allergy, or cerebral palsy) that has been diagnosed by a doctor?

One in seven young people report having been diagnosed with a long-term illness, disability or medical condition


There is a statistically significant relationship between having a long term

disability and the following variables: Gender

60

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% with long term disability



Levels of long term disability are consistent across FAS classifications and age groups

17 16 17 18

13 15

14 16

14 14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


16 16 16 16 14 14


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is no statistically significant relationship between having a long term

disability and the characteristics shown on this slide.

61

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Long-term disability/ illness rates by LHB

% long term disability 15%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

14%

16%

17%

16%

15%

13%

Boys Girls


14% 12%




Cwm Taf 19% 14%

Hwyel Dda 15% 15%

Powys 15% 13%

Welsh

Average

15%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between having a long

term disability and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

62

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57%

21%

12%

5% 5%

Not last 12 months Once

2 times 3 times

4 times or more 43%

49%

38%

40%

42%

44%

50%

41%

43%

40%

45%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Been injured last 12 months

During the past 12 months, how many times were you injured and had to be

treated by a doctor or nurse?

Two in five young people suffered an injury in the last year that had to be treated by a doctor or a nurse


There is a statistically significant relationship between having one or more injury in the

last 12 months and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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Looking across year group and FAS, boys are consistently more likely than girls to have suffered an injury



43 46

53 56

48

37 37 36

43

35

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


50 43

52

36 37 38


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between having one or more injury in the last 12 months and the following

variables: Boys’ Age, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys.

64

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Injuries suffered in the past 12 months by LHB




42% Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

46%

43%

43%

46%

41%

44%

Boys Girls


50% 39%




Cwm Taf 49% 35%

Hwyel Dda 50% 33%

Powys 51% 40%

Welsh

Average

43%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between being injured in

the past 12 months and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

65

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In the last 6 months how often have you had the following … ?

Three in ten young people have suffered from 2 or more health complaints more than once a week

18%

10% 11%

16%

22%

18%

26%

12%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Health complaint suffered more than once a week

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (base sizes for individual symptoms vary from 8,923 to 8,892).

For breakdowns, only those giving an answer to all 8 items are included (8,713). Source: Ipsos MORI

32%

24%

40%

25%

27%

32%

37%

38%

38%

35%

29%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% 2+ health complaints more than once a week

There is a statistically significant relationship between having 2+ health complaints more than once a

week in the last 6 months and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

66

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Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (9,055). For breakdowns, only those giving an

answer to all 8 items are included (8,713). Source: Ipsos MORI

% 2+ health complaints more than once a week


Across the board girls are more likely to report suffering from health complaints on a weekly basis

22 20 22 26

28 27 33

41 47 48

0

20

40

60

80


28 25 22

47 45 36


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between having 2 or more health complaints more than once a week for the last 6 months

and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within girls

67

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Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (9,055). For breakdowns, only those giving an

answer to all 8 items are included (8,713). Source: Ipsos MORI

Proportion suffering two or more health complaints by LHB

% 2+ health complaints more

than once a week 33%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

28%

33%

33%

36%

28%

28%

Boys Girls


20% 35%




Cwm Taf 26% 42%

Hwyel Dda 22% 34%

Powys 21% 36%

Welsh

Average

31%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between having two or more health

complaints more than once a week in the last 6 months and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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83%

86%

79%

89%

84%

81%

81%

78%

74%

78%

86%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% scoring 6 or higher on self-rated life satisfaction

*%

*%

1%

2%

4%

9%

10%

19%

26%

16%

11%

0 Worst possible life

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 Best possible life

Total

Here is a picture of a ladder. In general, where on the ladder do you feel you

stand at the moment?

Over four in five young people rate their life satisfaction as high (6+ on a 0-10 scale)


There is a statistically significant relationship between scoring 6 or higher on self rated

life satisfaction and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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Self-rated life satisfaction decreases for girls through to Year 11 and is notably lower than boys across all FAS groups

90 87 86 86

84 88 82

75 77 73

0

20

40

60

80

100


76 82

90

72 74 82


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between scoring 6 or higher on self rated life satisfaction and the

following variables: Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

70

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Self-rated life satisfaction by LHB

% scoring 6 or higher on self-rated

life satisfaction 84%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

83%

81%

81%

82%

82%

83%

Boys Girls


86% 80%




Cwm Taf 86% 74%

Hwyel Dda 85% 79%

Powys 85% 80%

Welsh

Average

83%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between scoring 6 or

more on life satisfaction and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

71

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Overall, self-rated life satisfaction has remained at the

same level 2002-2014

84

81 83

82

89

85 86 86

79 77

79 78

60

70

80

90

100

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls



Young people were asked to rate their life satisfaction on a scale of 0 (worst possible life) to 10 (best possible life). Here we focus on young people who gave a score of 6

or higher Source: Welsh Government/

Ipsos MORI



72

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Self-rated life satisfaction: Girls

79

77

80 78

85

82 84

87

78 76

78

75 74

73

76

72

60

70

80

90

100

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

73

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Self-rated life satisfaction: Boys

89

85

86 86

89 86 87

90

88 85

86

86

90

86

85 84

60

70

80

90

100

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

74

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20%

17%

23%

11%

15%

20%

26%

26%

28%

24%

16%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Fair/poor health

Would you say your health is. . . .?

The majority of young people report excellent/ good health; poor health

is more common among low affluence families and those in Years 10-11

27%

54%

17% 2%

Excellent Good Fair Poor


There is a statistically significant relationship between rating health as fair or poor and

the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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% Fair/poor health


From Year 9 onwards more girls report fair/ poor health than boys and

across all FAS groups girls are more likely to report fair/ poor health

10

15

16

21 21

11 14

24

31 32

0

10

20

30

40


22 20

14

34

28

19



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between rating health as fair or poor and the following variables: Boys’

Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

76

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Self-reported health status by LHB

% Fair/poor health

Boys Girls


17% 17%




Cwm Taf 20% 25%

Hwyel Dda 13% 22%

Powys Teaching 18% 19%

18%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

19%

22%

22%

22%

18%

17%

Welsh

Average

20%

There is a statistically significant relationship between having fair/poor

health and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

77

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Would you say your health is … ?

Young people today are less likely to say that their health

is fair or poor, compared with 2002

26 24

22

19 22

19 19

15

32

29

26

22

0

10

20

30

40

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% Fair/poor health


%Fair/ poor health are young people who say fair or poor, on a scale including Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor.


Ipsos MORI



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Self-reported health status: Girls

32

29

26

22 23 23

19

11

32 31

27

24

41

33 32 31

0

10

20

30

40

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11

% Fair/poor health




Ipsos MORI

79

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Self-reported health status: Boys

22

19 19

15

19

16 15

10

24

20 22

16

21

21 19

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11

% Fair/poor health




Ipsos MORI

80

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Version 1 | Internal/ Client use only

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Key Findings – Risk Behaviours

81

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95%

Every day Once a week

Less than once a week I don't smoke

Every day

2%

Once a week

1%

Less than

once a week

2%

4%

3%

4%

*%

1%

3%

4%

9%

4%

4%

3%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Smoke at least once a week

How often do you smoke tobacco at present?

Four per cent of young people report smoking at least once a week, rising to nine per cent among Year 11 pupils


There is a statistically significant relationship between smoking at least

once a week and the following variables: Year Group

82

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Smoking prevalence increases as both girls and boys get older but remains consistent by family affluence

1

1 3

4

8

*

1

3

5

9

0

5

10

15

20


4 4 3

4 5

3


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between smoking at least once a

week and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

83

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Smoking rates by LHB


Boys Girls


3% 3%

Aneurin Bevan 5% 5%



Cwm Taf 5% 5%

Hwyel Dda 3% 3%


4%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

3%

5%

5%

3%

3%

3%

Welsh

Average

4%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between smoking

tobacco at least once a week and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

84

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Rates of smoking have declined since 1998 amongst boys

and girls

10 10 11

13 11

10

6

3

8 8 9

10 9

7

4 3

12 12 13

16

14 13

7

4

0

10

20

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls


Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11: 6,105 (1986); 6,498 (1990); 3,893 (1994); 4,011 (1998); 4,049 (2002); 4,387 (2006); 5,447 (2010); 5,335 (2014) Source: Welsh Government/

Ipsos MORI

1986 figures are significantly different to 2014 figures

85

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Smoking trends: Girls

12

12 13

14 14 13

7

4

2 2 1 3

2 1

* *

12

11

13

18

15

13

6

3

20

22

27 29

27

23

14

9

0

10

20

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11



Ipsos MORI

86

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Smoking trends: Boys

8

8

9 10

9

7

4 3

2 2 1

2 2 1

* *

7

8

8 8 8

6

3 3

16 14

18

22

16 13

9 7

0

10

20

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11



Ipsos MORI

87

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At what age did you first smoke a cigarette (more than a puff)? (Year 11 only)

Two in five who have ever smoked first tried a cigarette by the age of 13;

smokers in the lowest family affluence group are more likely to start early

9% 9%

23%

28%

27%

4%

11 years or younger 12 years

13 years 14 years

15 years 16 years or older

Base: All those in year 11 who have smoked a cigarette (476) Source: Ipsos MORI

41%

43%

40%

61%

43%

38%

Total

Male

Female

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% 13 years or younger

There is a statistically significant relationship between first smoking under

the age of 13 and the following variables: FAS

88

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Thinking about the last time you were in a car, was anybody in the car

smoking?

One in eight say that someone was smoking the last time they were in a

car; rising to almost a quarter of those in the low family affluence group

13%

81%

5%

Yes No Cannot remember


13%

12%

15%

12%

12%

15%

14%

15%

23%

18%

10%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Yes

There is a statistically significant relationship between somebody smoking the last time

in a car and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

89

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% Someone smoking in the car


smoking?

Girls in Year group 9 and above, and across all FAS groups, are more likely to report someone was smoking in the car

12

11 12 12

13

11

13

18

15 16

0

5

10

15

20


20 17

9

25

19

12



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between somebody smoking the last time in a car and

the following variables: Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

90

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smoking?


Smoking in car rates by LHB

% Someone smoking in the car

Boys Girls


10% 11%




Cwm Taf 17% 18%

Hwyel Dda 8% 12%


13%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

13%

18%

18%

12%

10%

10%

Welsh

Average

13%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between someone

smoking in the car during the last time in a car and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

91

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Have you ever used or tried electronic cigarettes (sometimes called an

‘e-cigarette’)?

One in eight young people have tried ‘e-cigarettes’, rising to just over one in five Year 11 pupils

88%

11% 2%

Never Few occasions Regularly


12%

13%

12%

4%

7%

13%

16%

22%

12%

12%

12%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Tried E-cigarettes on a few occasions/regularly

There is a statistically significant relationship between trying e-cigs on a few

occasions/ regularly and the following variables: Year Group

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% Tried E-cigarettes on a few occasions/regularly


‘e-cigarette’)?

Proportion trying or using e-cigarettes rises steadily with age for boys and girls, but there is no difference by FAS

5

7

14 16

21

2

6

11

15

23

0

10

20

30


12 13 13 12 12 12


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between trying e-cigs on a few

occasions/ regularly and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

93

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‘e-cigarette’)?


E-cigarette use by LHB

% Tried e-cigarettes on a few

occasions/regularly

Boys Girls


12% 9%




Cwm Taf 20% 15%

Hwyel Dda 8% 5%


13%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

7%

11%

18%

18%

7%

11%

Welsh

Average

12%

There is a statistically significant relationship between trying e-cigarettes

and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

94

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At present, how often do you drink anything alcoholic such as beer, wine,

cider, alcopops or spirits?

Around one in twenty young people report drinking alcohol on a weekly basis, rising to one in seven year 11 pupils

44%

49%

5%

1%

Never Less than weekly Weekly Daily

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 stating an answer surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (9,007) Source: Ipsos MORI

6%

7%

5%

2%

2%

6%

7%

14%

3%

7%

7%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Drinking alcohol at least once a week

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking alcohol at least

once a week and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

95

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% Alcohol at least once a week



Weekly drinking increases with age, and is most widespread in young people from relatively affluent families

4 3

6 7

15

1 2

5

7

13

0

5

10

15

20


4

7 8

2

6 5


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking alcohol at least once a week and the following

variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

96

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Alcohol consumption by LHB area

% Alcohol at least once a week

Boys Girls


5% 4%

Aneurin Bevan 8% 9%



Cwm Taf 11% 8%

Hwyel Dda 7% 4%


6%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

7%

8%

10%

4%

6%

4%

Welsh

Average

6%

There is a statistically significant relationship between drinking alcohol at

least once a week and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

97

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The rates of drinking among young people on a weekly

basis have fallen between 1986 and 2014

31

25

29 30 30

23

17

7

36

29 32

34 32

24

18

8

26

20

25 26

28

21

15

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% drink weekly


‘Drink weekly’ defined as those young people who say they drink one or more alcoholic beverage at least once a week.


Ipsos MORI


98

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Alcohol consumption: Girls

26 20

25 26

30

21

15

6

14

8 10 10

7 4

2

1

23

17

22 23 24

20

14

5

38 35

45 45

52

38

29

12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11

% drink weekly




Ipsos MORI

99

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Alcohol consumption: Boys

36

29

32 34 32

24

18

8

26

19 19 16

10 7 6

4

29

21

30 29 30

23

13

6

49

45

50 57 56

42

34

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11

% drink weekly




Ipsos MORI

100

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How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you

are drinking?

Rates of regular alcohol consumption are consistent across FAS groups, but increase with age and are higher among girls

34%

17% 15%

10%

8%

17%

Less than 1 drink 1 drink2 drinks 3 drinks4 drinks 5 or more drinks

Base: All respondents stating an answer who drink (4,052).

A drink is defined as a small can of beer (330ml), a small glass of wine (140ml), a small sherry glass (80ml) or a shot glass (40ml). Source: Ipsos MORI

49%

45%

53%

14%

21%

38%

53%

71%

47%

50%

49%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% More than one drink

There is a statistically significant relationship between having more than one alcoholic drink

on a typical day when drinking and the following variables: Gender, Year Group

101

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Slide 101

Source: Ipsos MORI



are drinking?

Across age and FAS groups, girls are more likely than boys to have more than one alcoholic drink when they are drinking

Base: All respondents stating an answer who drink (4,052)

14 17

34

47

69

14

26

41

58 72

0

20

40

60

80

100


35 46 44

60 53 53


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between having more than one alcoholic drink on a typical day

when drinking and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 3

102

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are drinking?

Source: Ipsos MORI

Alcohol consumption rates per day for drinkers by LHB


Base: All respondents stating an answer who drink (4,052)

Boys Girls


40% 58%




Cwm Taf 50% 55%

Hwyel Dda 49% 48%


46%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

45%

53%

52%

48%

48%

49%

Welsh

Average

49%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between having more

than one drink on a typical day drinking and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

103

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Have you ever had so much alcohol [In the last 30 days] that you were really

drunk?

One in ten young people report being drunk at least once in the past month; increasing to almost a quarter of young people in Year 11

91%

6%

Never

Once

2-3 times

(2%)

4-10

times (1%)

More than 10

times (1%)


9%

9%

9%

1%

2%

6%

12%

23%

7%

8%

10%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Drunk in last 30 days

There is a statistically significant relationship between being drunk in the last 30

days and the following variables: Year Group, FAS

104

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Have you ever had so much alcohol that you were really drunk?

Drunkenness is more common amongst boys and girls in Years 10 and 11

1

3 6

11

22

1

2

7

13

24

0

5

10

15

20

25


8 8 9 6

8 11



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between being drunk in the last 30

days and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

105

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Rates of drunkenness in the past month by LHB


Boys Girls


7% 8%




Cwm Taf 12% 16%

Hwyel Dda 8% 9%


9%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

11%

9%

13%

7%

9%

8%

Welsh

Average

9%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between being drunk once or

more in the last 30 days and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

106

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Around one in twenty young people report having been drunk at least four times in their life; increasing to one in six Year 11s

76%

11%

7% 3%

3%

Never Once

2-3 times 4-10 times

More than 10 times


6%

6%

6%

*%

1%

3%

7%

17%

3%

5%

7%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Drunk at least four times in life

There is a statistically significant relationship between being drunk 4+ times and

the following variables: Year Group, FAS

107

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% Drunk at least four times in life


Girls and boys in years 10-11 are more likely to have been drunk four times in their life, than younger children

* 1

4

7

16

* 1

3

6

18

0

5

10

15

20


3 5

7

3 5

7



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between being drunk 4+

times and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

108

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Drunkenness by LHB area

% At least four times

Boys Girls


4% 4%

Aneurin Bevan 5% 7%



Cwm Taf 9% 8%

Hwyel Dda 6% 6%


6%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

8%

6%

8%

5%

6%

4%

Welsh

Average

6%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between being drunk at

least four times in lifetime and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

109

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Reported incidences of being drunk have declined (1986 to

2014), notably among boys

16 15

18

22

16

15 12

7

20 18

21

25

18

17

11

7

12 13

15

18

14 14 12

7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% drunk 4 or more times in lifetime


‘Drunk more than 4 times in lifetime’ is defined as those who say they have been drunk at least four times in their lifetime.


Ipsos MORI


.

110

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Drunkenness: Girls

12

13

15 18

14 14

12

7

1 1

2 1 1 1 1 *

10 9

13 15

10 10

12

3

24

27

33

40

31

28 27

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

111

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Drunkenness: Boys

20 18

21 25

26 24

18

8

6 6 4

5 2 3

3 4

14 11

18 19

14

11 6 6

38 35

42

53

36 33

24

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

112

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At what age did you first get drunk? (Based on Year 11 pupils excluding never

drunk)

Two in ten Year 11 pupils say that they first got drunk when they were 13 years old or younger

3%

4%

13%

29%

44%

7%

11 years or younger 12 years

13 years 14 years

15 years 16 years or older

Base: All respondents stating an answer in Year 11, excluding those that had never been drunk (823) Source: Ipsos MORI

18%

24%

21%

18%

22%

20%

FAS 3 (HIGH)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 1 (LOW)

Female

Male

Total


There is no statistically significant relationship between first getting drunk

aged 13 or younger and the above variables

113

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Have you ever been offered any of the following drugs? (Top 6 mentions only)

Just under one in five young people report ever being offered drugs,

rising to over a third of Year 11’s, with Cannabis most frequently cited

Source: Ipsos MORI

18%

18%

18%

6%

9%

15%

23%

36%

18%

18%

18%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Offered any drugs

Base: All respondents stating an answer aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March

2014 (base sizes vary from 8,852 to 8,949)

2%

2%

2%

3%

4%

15%

Magic Mushrooms(Shrooms)

Mephedrone (M-Cat, Meow,Bubble, Charge, Drone,

4MMC)

Ecstasy ('E', MDMA, XTC)

Cocaine (Charlie, 'C', Coke)

Glue, gas (butane, lighterrefills), aerosols or solvents

(to inhale or sniff)

Cannabis (Marijuana, Dope,Pot, Mash, Grass, Weed,

Skunk, Spliff/Joints)

% Offered

There is a statistically significant relationship between being offered any

drug and the following variables: Year Group

114

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Slide 114

Source: Ipsos MORI

% Offered any drugs

Have you ever been offered any of the following drugs?

The likelihood of being offered drugs increases with age for both boys and girls

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 stating an answer surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (8,971)

8 9

16 21

35

4

9

14

26

37

0

10

20

30

40

50


16 16 19 20 20

17



% Boys


drug and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

115

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Have you ever been offered any of the following drugs?

Source: Ipsos MORI

Experience of being offered drugs by LHB area

% Offered any drugs


Boys Girls


16% 15%




Cwm Taf 20% 19%

Hwyel Dda 17% 14%

Powys 13% 14%

18%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

13%

22%

19%

19%

15%

16%

Welsh

Average

18%

There is a statistically significant relationship between being offered drugs

and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

116

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Have you used or taken any of the drugs listed (even if only once)? (Top 6

mentions only)

Cannabis is the most widely used drug among 11-16 year olds

Source: Ipsos MORI

8%

8%

8%

1%

3%

6%

10%

20%

9%

9%

8%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Taken any drugs

Base: All respondents stating an answer aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March

2014 (8,282)

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

7%

Poppers

Magic Mushrooms(Shrooms)

Mephedrone (M-Cat, Meow,Bubble, Charge, Drone,

4MMC)

Cocaine (Charlie, 'C', Coke)

Glue, gas (butane, lighterrefills), aerosols or solvents

(to inhale or sniff)

Cannabis (Marijuana, Dope,Pot, Mash, Grass, Weed,

Skunk, Spliff/Joints)

% Taken


drug and the following variables: Year Group..

117

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Slide 117

Source: Ipsos MORI

% Taken any drugs

Have you used or taken any of the drugs listed (even if only once)?

One in five pupils in year 11 claim to have taken drugs in their lifetime; a consistent figure across both genders


1 3

7 9

20

1 2

6

11

20

0

10

20

30

40

50


8 9 8 9 9 8


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between taking drugs and the

following variables: boys’ age, girls’ age.

118

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Slide 118

Have you used or taken any of the drugs listed (even if only once)?

Source: Ipsos MORI

Experience of using drugs by LHB area

% Taken any drugs


Boys Girls


7% 7%




Cwm Taf 10% 9%

Hwyel Dda 9% 7%

Powys 7% 6%

8%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

6%

11%

10%

8%

8%

7%

Welsh

Average

8%

There is a statistically significant relationship between taking drugs and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

119

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Slide 119

At what age did you first use Cannabis? (Based on Year 11 pupils)

Just under one in five young people who have tried cannabis report having done so by the time they were 13

7%

11%

27% 49%

4%

14 years

15 years

16 years or

older

Base: All Year 11 pupils stating an answer who have taken cannabis (306) Source: Ipsos MORI

19%

25%

13%

25%

17%

20%

Total

Male

Female

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% 13 years or younger 11 years or

younger (1%)

12 years

13 years

There is no statistically significant relationship between using Cannabis at

age 13 or younger and the above variables.

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Have you ever taken cannabis (in your life)?

Overall, less than one in ten young people have tried cannabis; a figure that increases to one in six Year 11 pupils

93%

3%

1% 1% 1%

2%

Never

1-2 days

3-5 days

6-9 days

10-19 days

20-29 days

30 days or more

*


7%

7%

7%

*

1%

5%

8%

17%

6%

7%

6%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% have taken cannabis

There is a statistically significant relationship between having taken cannabis and the following variables: Year Group.

121

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* 1

5 7

18

* 1

5

9 17

0

10

20

30

40

50


Source: Ipsos MORI

% Girls

% Boys

The likelihood of taking cannabis increases with age; with little discernible difference between boys and girls

6 6 7 6 8 6


% Boys % Girls


Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 who gave an answer, surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (8,732)

There is a statistically significant relationship between having taken cannabis and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

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6%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB


Experience of taking cannabis by LHB area


Source: Ipsos MORI Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 who gave an answer, surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (8,732)

5%

9%

8%

6%

6%

5 %

Boys Girls


5% 6%




Cwm Taf 8% 8%

Hwyel Dda 6% 6%

Powys 5% 5%

Welsh

Average

7%

There is a statistically significant relationship between having taken cannabis and

LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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Have you ever taken cannabis?

The 2014 survey demonstrates the lowest levels of

cannabis use since 2002

16 16

9

8

17

16

9

8

14

16

8 8

0

5

10

15

20

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% Taken cannabis


‘Smoked cannabis’ defined as those pupils who say they have taken cannabis.


Ipsos MORI


Comparable data not available for 1986-1998.

124

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Smoked cannabis: Girls

14

16

9 8

1 2

1 *

11

14

8

5

32 32

18 17

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11

% Taken cannabis




Ipsos MORI

125

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Smoked cannabis: Boys

17 16

9 8

1

3

* *

15 14

5 5

36

30

20 18

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11

% Taken cannabis




Ipsos MORI

126

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Have you ever had sexual intercourse (sometimes this is called ‘making love’,

‘having sex’, or ‘going all the way’)?

A quarter of Year 11 students report ever having had sex; a figure that is notably higher amongst girls

27%

73%

No

Yes

Source: Ipsos MORI

27%

23%

32%

31%

29%

26%

Total

Male

Female

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Yes

Base: All Year 11 stating an answer (1,520)

There is a statistically significant relationship between ever having sex and

the following variables: Gender

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Have you ever had sexual intercourse (sometimes this is called ‘making love’,

‘having sex’, or ‘going all the way’)?

Data suggests that fewer young people are having sex – which

fits with the decline in teenage pregnancies

34 36

33

26 28

30 28

21

40 41

38

32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% ever had sex

Base: All responding pupils in year 11: 1,155 (2002); 1,334 (2006); 1,580 (2010); 1,358 (2014)


Ipsos MORI


Question not asked in 1986-1998

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The last time you had sexual intercourse, did you or your partner use a

condom?

Three in five Year 11 pupils report using a condom the last time they had sex

61%

33%

6%

YesNoDon't Know

Source: Ipsos MORI

61%

68%

57%

70%

61%

61%

Total

Male

Female

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Yes

Base: All Year 11 respondents who have had sexual intercourse and stated an answer (422). Note low

base size in FAS 1 subgroup (n=24).

There is a statistically significant relationship between using a condom the

last time having sex and the following variables: FAS

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How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time? (Based

on Year 11 pupils who report having sexual intercourse)

One in seven Year 11 pupils had their first sexual experience when they were 13 years old or younger

3% 1%

10%

28% 50%

7%

11 years or younger 12 years13 years 14 years15 years 16 years or older

Source: Ipsos MORI

14%

13%

15%

18%

18%

12%

Total

Male

Female

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)


Base: All Year 11 respondents who have had sexual intercourse and stated an answer (414).

Note low base size in FAS 1 subgroup (n=23)

There is no statistically significant relationship between first having sex

aged 13 or younger and the above variables

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How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time?

The proportion of young people reporting sex before age 13

is falling

7 7 6

4

6 6 6

3

9

7 7

5

0

5

10

15

20

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% sex aged 13 or younger (based on Year 11 pupils only)

Base: All responding pupils in years 11: 1,205 (2002); 1,348 (2006); 1,650 (2010); 1,435 (2014)

Question asked of young people in curriculum year 11 – trend data based on all young people in Year 11, rather than all young people who say they are having sexual intercourse


Ipsos MORI


Comparable data not available for 1986 to 1998

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Key Findings – Social Context

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On a typical day is the MAIN part of your journey TO school made by . .?

The most popular modes of transport to school are bus/train, walking or car; very few pupils cycle

32%

1%

42%

25%

1%

Walk Bicycle

Bus/train etc Car/motorcycle

Other means


32%

34%

31%

33%

32%

33%

31%

33%

48%

36%

29%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Walking or cycling

There is a statistically significant relationship between walking or cycling to

school and the following variables: Gender, FAS

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% Walking or cycling

On a typical day is the MAIN part of your journey TO school made by . . . .?

Boys and girls from less affluent households are more likely to walk or cycle to school

33 31 32

34 38 33 32 33

28 28

0

10

20

30

40

50


50

36 31

46

36

26


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between walking or cycling to school and the

following variables: Gender within FAS 3, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

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Proportion walking or cycling to school by LHB

% Walking or cycling 35%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

22%

41%

27%

44%

18%

23%

Boys Girls


25% 22%




Cwm Taf 28% 25%

Hwyel Dda 19% 17%

Powys 22% 23%

Welsh

Average

32%

There is a statistically significant relationship between walking or cycling to

school and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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Overall, there has been little change in the proportion of

young people who walk or cycle to school, 2006-2014

41

36 34

32

43

39

35 34

40

33 33 31

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% walk/cycle to school


Young people were asked how they travelled to school on a typical day – either by bus, car, train, walking or cycling. Here we focus on the proportion of respondents who say

they walk or cycle. In 1986 the question differed ‘How do you usually travel to school”. The response options were on foot, by bicycle, by bus, by car or by other means. In

1986 the answers are not weighted and should be used as a benchmark only.


Ipsos MORI


Comparable data not available for 1990 – 2002. 1986 data is not directly comparable but has been included as a benchmark

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Proportion walking or cycling to school: Girls

40

33 33

31

34

29

32

32

41

35

31

32

44

35 35

28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11



Base sizes for age/year group cells are at least 660. In 1986 the answers are not weighted and should be used as a benchmark only.


Ipsos MORI

137

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Proportion walking or cycling to school: Boys

43 39

35 34

40 39

32 32

45

38 36

32

46 41

37 37

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11



Base sizes for age/year group cells are at least 660. In 1986 the answers are not weighted and should be used as a benchmark only.


Ipsos MORI

138

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How many hours a day in your free time, do you usually spend playing games

on a computer, games console, tablet, smartphone or other device?

Half of all young people spend two hours or more a day playing games on an electronic device; rising to two-thirds of boys

13%

16% 17% 17%

13%

8%

5%

3%

7%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

None Half hr 1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs 4 hrs 5 hrs 6 hrs 7+ hrs


53%

66%

41%

49%

55%

58%

54%

50%

57%

55%

52%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% computer games 2+ hours a day - weekdays

There is a statistically significant relationship between playing computer games for 2+

hours a day and the following variables: Gender, Year Group

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% computer games 2+ hours a day - weekdays

In all year groups and affluence groups boys are spending more time than girls on computer games

62 65 70 69

63

38 45 45

40 37

0

20

40

60

80

100


69 68 64

45 42 39


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

How many hours a day, in your free time, do you usually spend playing games


There is a statistically significant relationship between playing computer games for 2+ hours a day and the following

variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3

140

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How many hours a day, in your free time, do you usually spend playing games



Proportions playing computer games by LHB

% computer games 2+ hours a day - weekdays 54%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

47%

57%

60%

56%

40%

53%

Boys Girls


67% 41%




Cwm Taf 71% 44%

Hwyel Dda 50% 29%

Powys 55% 38%

Welsh

Average

53%

There is a statistically significant relationships between playing computer

games for 2 or more hours a day and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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How many hours a day, in your free time, do you usually spend using electronic

devices such as computers, tablet or smart phones for other purposes, e.g. homework,

emailing, tweeting, Facebook, chatting, surfing the internet?

General computer usage is consistent across FAS but higher among the older age groups

4%

13%

18%

17%

14%

11%

7%

5%

11%

None Halfhr

1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs 4 hrs 5 hrs 6 hrs 7+hrs

0

5

10

15

20


64%

63%

66%

50%

57%

67%

72%

73%

66%

64%

64%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% general computer use 2+ hours a day - weekdays

There is a statistically significant relationship between general computer use for 2+

hours a day and the following variables: Gender, Year Group

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As girls and boys get older their usage of electronic devices increases significantly


devices such as computers, tablet or smart phones for other purposes, for example

homework, emailing, tweeting, Facebook, chatting, surfing the internet?

53

55

65 69

70

48

59

69 74 77

0

20

40

60

80


64 62 63 68 66 66


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between general computer use for 2+ hours a day

and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 2

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Computer usage by LHB



devices such as computers, tablet or smart phones for other purposes, for example

homework, emailing, tweeting, Facebook, chatting, surfing the internet?

64%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

56%

69%

68%

69%

53%

64%

Boys Girls


63% 65%




Cwm Taf 65% 72%

Hwyel Dda 53% 54%

Powys 54% 59%

Welsh

Average

64%

There is a statistically significant relationships between general computer

use for 2 or more hours a day and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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How many hours a day, in your free time, do you usually spend watching TV,

videos, DVDs, and other entertainment on a screen?

Two thirds of young people watch TV for at least two hours a day on a weekday; a figure that increases with age

4%

11%

17%

23%

19%

12%

6%

3% 5%

0

5

10

15

20

25

None Halfhr

1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs 4 hrs 5 hrs 6 hrs 7+hrs


68%

71%

66%

58%

64%

70%

74%

73%

73%

68%

68%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% watching TV 2+ hours a day - weekdays

There is a statistically significant relationship between watching 2+ hours of TV on

a weekday and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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% watching TV 2+ hours a day - weekdays



The findings indicate that boys are more likely to watch TV for 2+ hours a day during the week than girls

62

69 72

76

73

54 60

68 72

73

0

20

40

60

80


74 72 70 73 64 66



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between watching 2+ hours of TV on a weekday and the

following variables: Girls’ Age, Boys’ Age, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3

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TV Watching by LHB

% watching TV 2+ hours a day - weekdays 69%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB


Hywel Dda University HB


Aneurin Bevan

University HB

62%

70%

71%

74%

61%

65%

Boys Girls


69% 62%




Cwm Taf 71% 72%

Hwyel Dda 64% 58%

Powys 63% 61%

Welsh

Average

68%

There is a statistically significant relationship between watching TV for 2 or

more hours a day and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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When do you usually go to bed if you have to go to school the next morning?

Bedtimes are later for older pupils, but consistent by family affluence status

No later than 9pm

Between 9-10pm

Between 10-11pm

Between 11pm-

midnight

After midnight

10%

37%

14%

8%

31%


22%

22%

21%

6%

13%

20%

29%

37%

22%

24%

21%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Bed after 11pm

There is a statistically significant relationship between going to bed after 11pm on

a school night and the following variables: Gender, Year Group

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% Bed after 11pm


The proportions of girls and boys going to bed after 11pm increases by age

8

15 19

27

39

4

11

20

31 36

0

10

20

30

40

50


23 24 22 21 24

20



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between going to bed after 11pm on a school

night and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, FAS within girls

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Bedtimes by LHB

% Bed after 11pm 21%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

17%

24%

26%

24%

17%

22%

Boys Girls


24% 20%




Cwm Taf 26% 25%

Hwyel Dda 17% 16%

Powys 16% 19%

Welsh

Average

22%

There is a statistically significant relationship between going to bed after

11pm on a school-night and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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Agree 68%

Neither agree nor disagree

9%

Disagree 24%

There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that one gets emotional help

and support from the family and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

67%

69%

66%

75%

70%

67%

63%

64%

62%

66%

69%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Agree (5+)

How do you feel about the following statement.

I get the emotional help and support I need from my family

Two-thirds of young people agree that they get enough emotional support from their family; a quarter disagree


On a scale from 1-7

where 1 is very strongly

disagree and 7 is very

strongly agree, ‘Disagree’

on the chart represents

ratings of 1-3 and ‘Agree’

on the chart represent 5-

7.

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% Agree

The proportions of both boys and girls who say they get emotional support from their family dips in Years10-11



74

72 70 65

65

75

69 64 61

62

0

20

40

60

80

100


64 69 70

60 63 68


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that one gets emotional help and support

from the family and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 2

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Emotional support from family by LHB

% Agree



66%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB

Cwm Taf

University HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

70%

68%

66%

66%

70%

70%

Boys Girls


71% 68%




Cwm Taf 68% 62%

Hwyel Dda 71% 68%

Powys 70% 69%

Welsh

Average

67%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between getting

emotional help and support from family and LHB

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74%

81%

67%

82%

79%

73%

70%

69%

73%

70%

76%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Very easy/ easy

How easy is it for you to talk to the following people about things that really

bother you? (Father)

Nearly three quarters of 11-16 year olds find it easy or very easy to talk to their father

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (7,832*)

*Base excludes respondents who do not have / do not see their father Source: Ipsos MORI

39%

35%

17%

9%

Very easy

Easy

Difficult

Very difficult1

Very easy/

easy = 74%


from the father and the following variables: Gender, Year Group

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% Very easy/ easy

The number of girls who find it easy to talk to their father decreases from 78% in Year 7 to 59% in Year 11



87 83 81 78

79

78 74

65 61

59

0

20

40

60

80

100


78 79 83

69 62

70


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that one gets emotional help and support from

the father and the following variables: Boys’ age, Girls’ age, FAS between girls, Gender within FAS 1, 2 and 3

155

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Easy to talk to father by LHB

% Very easy/ easy



76%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB

Cwm Taf

University HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

76%

70%

77%

74%

74%

75%

Boys Girls


82% 69%




Cwm Taf 81% 72%

Hwyel Dda 81% 67%

Powys 81% 70%

Welsh

Average

74%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that

one gets emotional help and support from the father and LHB

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bother you?

The findings suggest that young people find it easier to

talk to their father now, than was the case in 1994

49

60 61 59

66 70

75

56

65 67 68

76 78

82

42

55 54

49

57 60

67

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% very easy/easy to talk to father

Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11: 5,992 (1986); 3,609 (1994); 3,767 (1998); 3,539 (2002); 3,814 (2006); 4,694 (2010); 4,642 (2014)

Young people were presented with a scale : Very easy, Easy, Difficult, Very difficult. Shown here are the response for people who say it is very easy or easy for them to

talk to their father. Source: Welsh Government/

Ipsos MORI


1990 data not comparable. 1986 data is not directly comparable but has been included as a benchmark.

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bother you?

Communicating with fathers: Girls

42

55 54 49

57 61

67

47

64 60 59

71 71

78

39

51 54

45

54 61

66

39

49 48

42 47

51

57

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

1986 data are not directly comparable but have been included as a benchmark.

158

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Slide 158


bother you?

Communicating with fathers: Boys

56

65

67

68

76

78

82

61

77 77 73

84 83 86

57 62 63

70

76 79 81

51

58 60 60

68 73

79

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI


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85%

87%

82%

92%

89%

84%

82%

78%

82%

83%

86%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Very easy/ easy


bother you? (Mother)

Significantly more 11-16 year olds find it easy to talk to their mother (85%) than their father (74%)

Source: Ipsos MORI

54%

31%

11% 5%

Very easy

Easy

Difficult

Very difficult

Very easy/

easy = 85%


*Base excludes respondents who do not have / do not see their mother


from the mother and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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*Base excludes respondents who do not have / do not see their mother Source: Ipsos MORI

% Very easy/ easy

Boys are consistently more likely to say they find it easy to talk to their mother compared to girls across ages and FAS



93 89 88

85 83

92 88

80 78 74

0

20

40

60

80

100


84 86 89 80 80 84


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that it is easy or very easy to talk to their

mother and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 2

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*Base excludes respondents who do not have / do not see their mother Source: Ipsos MORI

How easy 11-16 year olds report finding talking to their mother is fairly consistent across LHB

% Very easy/ easy



85%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB

Cwm Taf

University HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

85%

86%

87%

84%

83%

84%

Boys Girls


85% 84%




Cwm Taf 88% 84%

Hwyel Dda 86% 80%

Powys 87% 83%

Welsh

Average

85%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between getting

emotional help and support the mother and LHB

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bother you?

Consistently, the vast majority of young people say they find it

easy to talk to their mother about things that trouble them

77 82 82

79 83 84 85

74

81 81 79 84 85

87

79 82 84

80 82 83

82

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% very easy/easy to talk to mother


Young people were presented with a scale : Very easy, Easy, Difficult, Very difficult. Shown here are the response for people who say it is very easy or easy for them to talk to their

mother. Source: Welsh Government/

Ipsos MORI


1990 data not comparable. 1986 data is not directly comparable but has been included as a benchmark.

.

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bother you?

Communicating with mothers: Girls

79 82 84

80

82

83 82 84

91 91 87

91 90

92

79 80 83 79

83 82 81

75 75 77 73 74

77 73

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI


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How easy is it for you to talk to the following people about things that really bother

you?

Communicating with mothers: Boys

74

81 81

79 84

85 87 79

88 88 85

91 92

93

74 79 79

80

85 85 88

70

76 75 72

78 81 83

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI


165

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Here is a statement about your teachers. Please show how much your agree

or disagree with it. I feel that my teachers accept me as I am

Three-quarters of young people agree their teachers accept them for who they are; rising to over four in five Year 7s

30%

44%

15%

7% 4%

Strongly agree AgreeNeither/nor DisagreeStrongly disagree

Source: Ipsos MORI

74%

76%

73%

83%

76%

72%

68%

71%

74%

72%

75%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Agree


There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that teachers accept for

who one is and the following variables: Gender, Year Group

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Source: Ipsos MORI

% Agree (i.e. ‘strongly agree’ or ‘agree’)



The sense that teachers accept them for who they are decreases with age among both boys and (especially) girls


81

78 73 73

74

85

75 72

64 68

0

20

40

60

80

100


77 74 77 71 71 73


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that teachers accept for who one

is and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 3

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Source: Ipsos MORI

Views of teachers accepting young people by LHB

% Agree


Boys Girls


70% 72%




Cwm Taf 77% 77%

Hwyel Dda 75% 71%


70%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys

Teaching HB

Cwm Taf

University HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

72%

78%

77%

77%

73%

71%

Welsh

Average

74%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between teachers

accepting for who one is and LHB

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Agree 66%

Neither agree or disagree

11%

Disagree 23%

There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that one can count on

their friends and the following variables: Gender ,Year Group, FAS

66%

63%

69%

70%

66%

66%

65%

63%

60%

65%

67%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Agree (5+)

I can count on my friends when things go wrong

Two-thirds of young people say they can count on their friends; girls,

Year 7s and those in the highest FAS group are more likely to agree


On a scale from 1-7 where 1

is very strongly disagree

and 7 is very strongly agree,

‘Disagree’ on the chart

represents ratings of 1-3

and ‘Agree’ on the chart

represent 5-7.

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% Agree

The proportion of girls who can count on their friends dips in Year 11


66 63 65 60 63

74 70 67 69

64

0

20

40

60

80

100


60 63 64 69 67 70



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between agreeing that one can

count on their friends and the following variables: Girls’ Age, FAS within girls

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Views of being able to count on friends by LHB

% Agree


66%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

69%

65%

63%

63%

68%

68%

Boys Girls


65% 71%




Cwm Taf 58% 70%

Hwyel Dda 63% 74%

Powys 63% 77%

Welsh

Average

66%


one can count on their friends and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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24%

49%

18%

8%

Like a lot

Like a bit

Not very much

Not at all

24%

24%

24%

45%

24%

21%

16%

16%

25%

22%

25%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Like a lot

How do you feel about school at present?

A quarter of young people like school a lot; Year 7 pupils are particularly positive about school


There is a statistically significant relationship between liking school a lot

and the following variables: Year Group

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% Like a lot

For both boys and girls, the proportion liking school a lot declines with age


43

23 22

18

16

47

24

19 14

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


27 22 25 24 22 25


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys


and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

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Satisfaction with school by LHB area

% Like a lot


23%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

22%

24% 19%

26%

28%

26%

Boys Girls


25% 27%




Cwm Taf 18% 19%

Hwyel Dda 23% 33%

Powys 19% 24%

Welsh

Average

24%


and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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Results have held (1986-2014) with over a quarter of young

people saying that they like school a lot

25 26

19 18

24 24

28 27

21 22

18 16

24 22

27 26

29 30

21 20

25 25

30

27

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% like school a lot

Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11: 6,135 (1986); 6,484 (1990); 3,745 (1994); 4,041 (1998); 3,791 (2002); 4,358 (2006); 5,334 (2010); 5,281 (2014). Source: Welsh Government/

Ipsos MORI


175

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Satisfaction with school: Girls

29

30

21 20

25 25

30

27

36

39

31 29

41

36

49 47

28 28

17 16

23

21 26 19 25

23

13 15

13

19 17 16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11

% like school a lot

Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11: 6,135 (1986); 6,484 (1990); 3,745 (1994); 4,041 (1998); 3,791 (2002); 4,358 (2006); 5,334 (2010); 5,281 (2014).



Ipsos MORI

176

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Satisfaction with school: Boys

21 22

18 16

24 22

27 26 24

27 25

22

35

30

40

43

19 21

16 13

20 19 20

22

19 17

14 12

18 18

21

15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11

% like school a lot

Base: All responding pupils in years 7, 9, 11: 6,135 (1986); 6,484 (1990); 3,745 (1994); 4,041 (1998); 3,791 (2002); 4,358 (2006); 5,334 (2010); 5,281 (2014).



Ipsos MORI

177

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17%

22%

40%

20%

A lot

Some

A little

Not at all

39%

34%

44%

22%

27%

32%

54%

59%

40%

39%

39%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Lot/some

How pressured do you feel by the schoolwork you have to do?

Two in five young people report feeling pressured by the schoolwork they have to do


There is a statistically significant relationship between feeling a lot or some pressure from schoolwork and

the following variables: Gender, Year Group

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% Lot/some

Year 10-11 pupils, and girls across all family affluence groups, are most likely to feel pressured by schoolwork


22 26

28

43

52

23 28

36

65 67

0

20

40

60

80


33 35 34 46 44 45



% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between feeling a lot or some pressure from schoolwork and the following

variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3

179

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Feeling pressured by schoolwork by LHB

% Lot/some


40%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

39%

39% 37%

39%

37%

43%

Boys Girls


38% 47%




Cwm Taf 33% 43%

Hwyel Dda 33% 42%

Powys 37% 41%

Welsh

Average

39%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between being pressured

by schoolwork and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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13%

37% 30%

12%

7%

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither/nor

Disagree

Strongly disagree

50%

51%

50%

70%

57%

49%

40%

40%

56%

49%

51%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Agree/Strongly Agree

Please show how much you agree or disagree with this statement.

At our school, pupils’ ideas are treated seriously

Half of all young people say that at their school pupils’ ideas are treated seriously


There is a statistically significant relationship between believing pupils’ ideas are

taken seriously and the following variables: Year Group

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% Agree

As pupils get older they are less likely to think their ideas are taken seriously at school – this is common to boys and girls

Please show how much you agree or disagree with this statement.

At our school, pupils’ ideas are treated seriously

67 57

53

42 42

73

56

45 38 37

0

20

40

60

80

100


60 49 52 52 48 50


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between believing pupil’s’ ideas are

taken seriously and the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age

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View that pupils’ ideas are treated seriously by LHB

% Agree

Please show how much you agree or disagree with this statement. At our

school, pupils’ ideas are treated seriously

52%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

University HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

47%

54% 51%

48%

48%

49%

Boys Girls


50% 48%




Cwm Taf 51% 51%

Hwyel Dda 46% 51%

Powys 46% 50%

Welsh

Average

50%


pupils’ ideas are taken seriously and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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How often have you taken part in bullying another pupil(s) at school in the

past couple of months?

Almost one in five young people admit to bullying another pupil at school in the last couple of months

82%

16%

Haven't Once or twice

2-3 times per month Once a week

Several times/week

2-3 times

per month (1%)

Once a week

(1%) Several times

a week (1%)

Source: Ipsos MORI

18%

23%

14%

16%

20%

19%

18%

18%

21%

17%

18%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Has bullied


There is a statistically significant relationship between bullying in the last

couple of months and the following variables: Gender

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Source: Ipsos MORI

% Has bullied



The higher levels of self-reported bullying amongst boys, varies across year group; peaking in Years 8 and 10


18

25

22

25

23

13 15

17

12

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


26 21 23

15 12 14


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between bullying in the last couple of months and the following

variables: Boys’ Age, Gender within FAS 1, Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3

185

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Source: Ipsos MORI

Rates of bullying others by LHB

% Has bullied


Boys Girls


21% 10%




Cwm Taf 26% 18%

Hwyel Dda 20% 10%

Powys 26% 11%

18%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

19%

21%

22%

18%

15%

15%

Welsh

Average

18%

There is a statistically significant relationship between bullying others in

the last couple of months and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

186

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The data indicates that over time the proportions of young

people involved in bullying others have declined

21 21

18 17

26 25

22

20

15

18

14 13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% bullied others in past few months


‘Bullied over past few months’ defined as young people who say they have bullied another pupil/s at school in the past couple of months at least once


Ipsos MORI



.

187

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Rates of bullying others: Girls

15

18

14 13

12

16

8

12

18

21 20

16 16 16

12 12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

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Rates of bullying others: Boys

26 25

22 20 21

23

16 17

31

28 27

21

24 24

24

22

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

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How often have you been bullied at school in the past couple of months?

Over a third of young people have been bullied at school in the past couple of months

64%

23%

5% 4%

4%

Haven't

Once or twice

2-3 times per month

Once a week

Several times/week

Source: Ipsos MORI

37%

34%

39%

37%

40%

40%

33%

33%

45%

39%

34%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% Has been bullied


There is a statistically significant relationship between being bullied in the last couple of

months and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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Source: Ipsos MORI

% Has been bullied


For both boys and girls, rates of bullying dip after Year 9


37 38 36 32 29

37

42 45

34 36

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


42 36

32

48 42

36


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between being bullied in the last couple of months and

the following variables: Boys’ Age, Girls’ Age, Gender within FAS 2, FAS within boys, FAS within girls

191

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Rates of being bullied by LHB

% Has been bullied


Boys Girls


33% 36%




Cwm Taf 35% 42%

Hwyel Dda 32% 32%

Powys 36% 38%

38%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

37%

39%

38%

36%

32%

35%

Welsh

Average

37%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between being bullied in

the last couple of months and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

192

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Reported bullying rates have changed little from 2002 to

2014, although some evidence of an increase since 2010

28

30

26

35

27 29

28 33 29

31

24

38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All

Boys

Girls

% been bullied past few months


‘Been bullied over past few months’ defined as young people who say they have been bullied at school in the past couple of months at least once


Ipsos MORI



.

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Rates of being bullied: Girls

29 31

24

38

34 36

28

36

32 32

25

44

21

24

20

36

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All girls

Girl Y7

Girl Y9

Girl Y11





Ipsos MORI

194

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Rates of being bullied: Boys

27 29 28

33

35 34

28

35

30 32

32

36

17

20

24

28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

All boys

Boy Y7

Boy Y9

Boy Y11





Ipsos MORI

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During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight?

One in ten young people have been in three or more physical fights in the past 12 months

70%

14%

7% 3% 6%

None 1 time

2 times 3 times

4 times or more

Source: Ipsos MORI

9%

12%

6%

11%

8%

9%

9%

7%

13%

9%

8%

Total

Male

Female

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

FAS 1 (LOW)

FAS 2 (MED)

FAS 3 (HIGH)

% 3+ fights


There is a statistically significant relationship between being in 3+ fights in the last

12 months and the following variables: Gender, Year Group, FAS

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Source: Ipsos MORI

% 3+ fights


Girls in middle and high affluence households are less likely to report being in a physical fight


15

11 12

11

10 7

6 7 7 4

0

5

10

15

20

25


14 12 11 12

6 5


% Boys % Girls

% Girls

% Boys

There is a statistically significant relationship between being in 3+ fights in the last 12 months and

the following variables: Gender within FAS 2, Gender within FAS 3, FAS within girls

197

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Source: Ipsos MORI

Being involved in physical fights by LHB

% 3+ fights

Base: All respondents aged 11 to 16 surveyed between November 2013 and March 2014 (8,845)

Boys Girls


15% 6%




Cwm Taf 12% 7%

Hwyel Dda 10% 5%

Powys 16% 8%

9%

Betsi Cadwaladr

University HB

Powys Teaching

HB




Aneurin Bevan

University HB

13%

8%

10%

8%

7%

10%

Welsh

Average

9%

There is not a statistically significant relationship between having 3 fights

or more in the past 12 months and LHB

Cwm Taf

University HB

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Annex: technical details and

clarification notes

199

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Where to find more information about the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study

Further details about the HBSC survey methodology can be found in the Technical Report published

alongside this document, as well as the following journal article: Roberts C., Freeman J., Samdal O.,

Schnohr C.W., de Looze M.E., Nic Gabhainn S., Iannotti R., Rasmussen M. and the International HBSC

Study Group. (2009). The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: methodological

developments and current tensions. International Journal of Public Health, 54, S140-150.

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The Family Affluence Scale (FAS)

• More information on FAS and how it was developed can be found in the technical report and the

following journal article: Currie C., Molcho M., Boyce W., Holstein B., Torsheim T., Richter M. (2008).

Researching health inequalities in adolescents: the development of the Health Behaviour in School-

aged Children (HBSC) family affluence scale. Social Science and Medicine, 66 (6), 1429-1436.

• In this report, family affluence has been employed to classify young people’s socioeconomic status. The

HBSC FAS measure is based on a set of questions on the material conditions of the households in

which young people live. The questions are straightforward for children and young people to answer

and capture: car ownership; bedroom occupancy; holidays; and home computers. The FAS measure

has several benefits, such as the low percentage of missing responses from young people and its

cross-national comparability. By contrast, parental occupation measures tend to suffer from missing

data and differences in countries’ classification schemes.

• It should be noted that two additional items were included in 2013/14, having a dishwasher and number

of bathrooms, with work on revisions to FAS ongoing. As this work was not complete at the time of

drafting this report, the version of FAS used in previous years is included here.

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Statistical significance testing

• The data and statistical significance testing in the HBSC report was undertaken using SPSS 17.0 and

19.0. Ipsos MORI used the complex samples module in SPSS to take into account the impact of

stratification, clustering and non-response on the survey estimates. The complex samples module

allows us to take into account sample stratification, clustering, and weighting to correct for non-response

bias when conducting significance testing. This means that we are much less likely to obtain ‘false

positive’ results to significance tests (in other words interpret a difference as real when it is not) than if

we used the standard formulae. Data was tested at the 95% significance level.

• The significance testing allows us to test the significance of relationships between the variable under

consideration (e.g. proportion of children eating breakfast daily) and pupil characteristics (e.g. gender).

• The significance of the following pupil characteristics were tested for each variable: gender, school year,

FAS (3 groups), age by gender and gender by FAS. Age by gender looks separately at boys from

school year 7 to school year 11 and girls from school year 7 to school year 11. Gender by FAS looks at

the significance of any gender differences within each of the three FAS groups.

• Please note no significance testing was undertaken between individual LHB areas.

• Where trends are presented, the significance testing compares the 2013/14 figure with the earliest time

point available for boys, girls and boys/girls combined.

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Derivation of variables used for reporting

Most indicators in this report should be clear from the descriptions given. However, a small number have

been derived from pupils’ responses to a number of questions, as detailed below:

• BMI Group – pupils were asked to report on their height and weight (with the option of reporting metric

or imperial units for both questions). Implausible values on height/weight were removed based on

thresholds set out in the HBSC research protocol. BMI was calculated separately for boys and girls

within each age group using age/sex specific thresholds for overweight and obesity.

• How often do you drink anything alcoholic – pupils were asked separately about their consumption of

beer, wine, spirits, alcopops (from 1998 onwards), cider, and any other alcoholic drink on a frequency

scale (daily, weekly, monthly, rarely, never). A composite variable was derived for this report which

takes the frequency value of the alcoholic drink consumed most frequently. We report here on past

week consumption: in many studies, the incidence of a behaviour in the past week is used as a proxy

for regularly engaging in that behaviour.

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Sample profile

Table A below shows the unweighted profile of secondary school pupils who participated in the

HBSC 2013/14 study and the weighted profile for gender and year group.

Table A Unweighted (N) Unweighted (%) Weighted (%)

Gender

Girls 4,457 49% 50%

Boys 4,565 51% 50%

No gender provided 33 *% *%

Year group

7 1,893 21% 19%

8 1,879 21% 19%

9 1,897 21% 20%

10 1,778 20% 21%

11 1,608 18% 21%

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Sample profile

Table B illustrates the unweighted profile of secondary school pupils who participated in the

HBSC 2013/14 study and the weighted profile for LHB and FAS.

Table B Unweighted (N) Unweighted (%) Weighted (%)

Local Health Board (LHB)

Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University HB 931 10 16

Aneurin Bevan University HB 975 11 20

Betsi Cadwaladr University HB 2,356 26 22

Cardiff & the Vale University HB 1,265 14 16

Cwm Taf University HB 1,082 12 10

Hwyel Dda University HB 1,513 17 12

Powys Teaching HB 933 10 4

Family Affluence Score (FAS)

FAS 1 (Low) 541 6 7

FAS 2 (Medium) 2645 29 31

FAS 3 (High) 5651 62 62

2013/14 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC ... · Ipsos MORI followed the standard data...

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