2013 Ibrahim Index of African Goernance v (IIAG) · goods and services, and policy outcomes, in...

2013 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)

www.moibrahimfoundation.org

Lisbon | May 2014


Lisbon | May 2014

One of four tools produced by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, which focuses on governance and leadership in Africa.

A framework for citizens, governments, institutions, academics and business to assess the delivery of public goods and services, and policy outcomes, in every African country.

A tool with which to govern, highlighting continental, regional, national and thematic governance results.

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The IIAG is:

What is the Ibrahim Index of African Governance?


Lisbon | May 2014

2013 IIAG: In Numbers

1overall governance score.

It is...

4categories

14sub-categories

94indicators

133variables

89,908data points

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

13years of data

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

31 32

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

52countries

32independent data sources

South Sudan & Sudan are not included in the 2013 IIAG due to data availability.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

31 32

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

52countries

32independent data sources

South Sudan & Sudan are not included in the 2013 IIAG due to data availability.

94indicators

133variables

89,908data points


Lisbon | May 2014

2013 Ibrahim Index of African GovernanceOVERALL SCORE / 100

SAFETY & RULE OF LAW

PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

HUMANDEVELOPMENT categories

4

sub-categories14

variables133

indicators94


Lisbon | May 2014

2013 IIAG: Structure

Statistical Capacity (BBSC WB)

Public Administration

Public Administration (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Inflation (ASY AU / AfDB / UNECA)

Diversification (AEO AfDB / OECD / UNDP / UNECA)

Reserves (CountryData EIU)

Budget Management

Budget Management (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure (ASY AU / AfDB / UNECA)

Soundness of Banks (GCR WEF)

Fiscal Policy

Fiscal Policy (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CountryData EIU)

Revenue Collection

Revenue Collection (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Public Management

Competitive Environment

Competitive Environment * (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB) Competition (BTI BS) Unfair Competitive Practices (Commd EIU)

Investment Climate (Index Econ Freedom HER-WSJ)

Investment Climate for Rural Businesses (PBAS IFAD)

Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD)

Bureaucracy & Red Tape (Commd EIU)

Customs Procedures (GCR WEF)

Business Environment

Electricity

Access to Electricity (Commd EIU) Quality of Electricity Supply (GCR WEF)

Air Transport

Air Transport Facilities (Commd EIU) Quality of Air Transport (GCR WEF)

Telephone & IT Infrastructure

Telephone Network (Commd EIU) IT Infrastructure (Commd EIU)

Digital Connectivity

Mobile Phone Subscribers (ICT Database ITU) Household Computers (ICT Database ITU) Internet Subscribers (ICT Database ITU)

Rail Network (Commd EIU)

Roads

Road Network (Commd EIU) Quality of Roads (GCR WEF)

Infrastructure

Public Resources for Rural Development (PBAS IFAD)

Land & Water for Low Income Rural Populations

Access to Land (PBAS IFAD) Access to Water for Agriculture (PBAS IFAD)

Agricultural Research & Extension Services (PBAS IFAD)

Agricultural Input & Produce Markets

(PBAS IFAD)

Policy & Legal Framework for Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD)

Dialogue between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD)

Agricultural Policy Costs (GCR WEF)

Rural Sector


Welfare Regime (BTI BS)

Social Protection & Labour

Social Protection & Labour (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Social Exclusion (BTI BS)

Welfare Services (Health & Education)

Welfare Services (Health & Education) (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Equity of Public Resource Use

Equity of Public Resource Use (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Access to Water

Access to Piped Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO) Access to Improved Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Access to Sanitation

Access to Improved Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO) Open Defecation Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Environmental Policy (BTI BS)

Environmental Sustainability

Environmental Sustainability (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Welfare

Education Provision & Quality (BTI BS)

Ratio of Pupils to Teachers in Primary School (WDI WB)

Educational System Quality (GCR WEF)

Primary School Completion (WDI WB)

Progression to Secondary School (WDI WB)

Tertiary Enrolment (WDI WB)

Literacy (UIS UNESCO)

Education

Maternal Mortality (GHO WHO)

Child Mortality (CME IGME)

Immunisation (Measles & DPT)

Immunisation against Measles (WDI WB) Immunisation against DPT (WDI WB)

Antiretroviral Treatment Provision

ART Provision (AIDSinfo UNAIDS) ART Provision for Pregnant Women (AIDSinfo UNAIDS)

Disease (Malaria & TB)

Malaria (GHO WHO) Tuberculosis (GHO WHO)

Health

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Undernourish-ment (WDI WB)

Judicial Process (Commd EIU)

Judicial Independence

Judicial Independence (BTI BS) Judicial Independence (GCR WEF)

Sanctions (Commd CDD)

Transfers of Power (Commd EIU)

Property Rights

Property Rights* (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB) Property Rights (BTI BS) Property Rights Protection (Commd EIU) Property Freedom (Index Econ Freedom HER-WSJ) Property Rights (GCR WEF)

Rule Of Law

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Prosecution of Abuse of Office (BTI BS)

Diversion of Public Funds (GCR WEF)

Corruption in Government & Public Officials (Commd EIU)

Accountability of Public Officials (Commd EIU)

Corruption & Bureaucracy (WGI WB)

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)

Accountability

Domestic Political Persecution

Physical Integrity Rights (CIRI CIRI) Political Terror (PTS PTS)

Social Unrest (Commd EIU)

Safety of the Person (Commd EIU)

Violent Crime (Commd EIU)

Human Trafficking (TIP USDS)

Personal Safety

Cross-Border Tensions (Commd EIU)

Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP/PRIO UCDP)

Domestic Armed Conflict (Commd EIU)

Political Refugees (Online Population Database UNHCR)

Internally Displaced People (Global Overview of Trends IDMC)

National Security


Free & Fair Executive Elections (Commd IREEP)

Free & Fair Elections (BTI BS)

Political Participation (DemIndex EIU)

Electoral Self-Determination (CIRI CIRI)

Effective Power to Govern (BTI BS)

Participation

Core International Human Rights Conventions (MTDSG OHCHR)

Human Rights (Commd EIU)

Political Rights (FITW FH)

Workers’ Rights (CIRI CIRI)

Freedom of Expression

Freedom of Expression (BTI BS) Freedom of Speech & Press (CIRI CIRI) Press Freedom (FOTP FH)

Freedom of Association & Assembly

Freedom of Association & Assembly (BTI BS) Freedom of Association & Assembly (CIRI CIRI) Freedom of Association (Commd EIU)

Civil Liberties

Protection of Civil Liberties (BTI BS) Civil Liberties (DemIndex EIU) Civil Liberties (FITW FH)

Rights

Gender Equality

Gender Equality (CPA AfDB) (IRAI WB)

Gender Balance in Primary & Secondary Education (WDI WB)

Women’s Participation in the Labour Force (WDI WB)

Equal Representation in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)

Women in Parliament (WDI WB)

Women’s Rights

Women’s Economic Rights (CIRI CIRI) Women’s Political Rights (CIRI CIRI)

Legislation on Violence against Women (GID-DB/SIGI OECD)

Gender

PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS

Overall Governance Score

Clustered Indicators in the 2013 IIAG

A clustered indicator is an indicator composed of a number of underlying variables which each measure the same dimension and come from different sources, or measure similar dimensions and come from the same source.

The 2013 IIAG is comprised of four categories, 14 sub-categories and 94 indicators, made up of 133 underlying variables. 29 of these indicators are clustered indicators.

Key

Indicator (Data source acronym)

Clustered indicator

Variable* (Data source acronym)

* Cluster within a clustered indicator

Reliability of Police Services (GCR WEF)

94 indicators

2013 Ibrahim Index of African GovernanceOverall Score


Lisbon | May 2014

African Economic Outlook, AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA African Electoral Index: 2000-2012 commissioned by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie PolitiqueAfrican Statistical Yearbook, AU/AfDB/UNECAAIDSinfo Database, Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS, UNBertelsmann Transformation Index, Bertelsmann StiftungBulletin Board on Statistical Capacity, World BankChild Mortality Estimates Info, Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality EstimationCingranelli-Richards Human Rights Dataset, The Cingranelli-Richards Human Rights Data ProjectCountry Data, Economist Intelligence Unit Country Performance Assessment, AfDBData commissioned by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Economist Intelligence UnitDemocracy Index, Economist Intelligence UnitFreedom in the World Survey, Freedom HouseFreedom of the Press Index, Freedom HouseGlobal Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum Global Health Observatory Database, World Health OrganizationIDA Resource Allocation Index, World Bank

Index of Economic Freedom, The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street JournalInstitute for Statistics, UNESCOInternal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments, Internal Displacement Monitoring CentreMultilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General, OHCHRPerformance-based Allocation System & Rural Sector Performance Assessments, IFADPolitical Terror Scale, Political Terror ScaleSanctions in Africa 2000-2012 commissioned by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, CDD Ghana Social Institutions and Gender Index under Gender, Institutions and Development Database, OECDTrafficking in Persons Report, U.S. Department of State - Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in PersonsUCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset v.4-2013, 1946-2012, Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala Conflict Data ProgrammeUNHCR Statistical Online Population Database, UNHCR WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation Database, WHO World Development Indicators, World Bank World Telecommunications / ICT Indicators Database, ITUWorldwide Governance Indicators, World Bank

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The journey of a data point

32 independent data sources

Methodology

Selection Consultation Collection Calculation Final results


Lisbon | May 2014

2013 IIAG: New Indicators Some Key Missing Indicators

1 indicator from World Bank (WB) –World Development Indicators (WDI)

Poverty

Inequality

Unemployment

Non communicable diseases

Transversal threats

Food security

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Undernourishment•

Judicial Independence

Property Rights

Diversion of Public Funds

Reliability of Police Services

Soundness of Banks

Customs Procedures

Quality of Electricity Supply

Quality of Roads

Quality of Air Transport Infrastructure

Agricultural Policy Costs

Quality of the Educational System

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11 indicators fromWorld Economic Forum (WEF) –Global Competitiveness Report (GCR)

Suitable governance proxy

Covers at least 35 of 52 countries

Has at least two years’ worth of data since 2000

Latest data point exists within the last three years

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Key Criteria for Inclusion in IIAG


Lisbon | May 2014

2013 IIAG: Key Findings

94%Countries that have experiencedoverall governance improvementsince 2000 are today home to94% of people living on thecontinent


Lisbon | May 2014


Average performance conceals widening gaps

Mauritius (+7.3)

African average (+4.5)

Somalia (-1.7)9.7

75.6

82.9

51.6

8.0

2000 2012

47.1

Average Performance Conceals Widening Gaps


Lisbon | May 2014

Category Performance

+10.2

+5.6

+3.2

-1.1

Human Development

Sustainable Economic Opportunity

Participation & Human Rights

Safety & Rule of Law


Continental average changein score at category level, since 2000


Lisbon | May 2014


Number of countries withimproved scores 2000-2012(out of 52)

Overall

46

20

Safety & Rule of Law

35

Participation & Human Rights

52

HumanDevelopment

45

Sustainable Economic Opportunity


Lisbon | May 2014

Balance Between Categories SAFETY & RULE OF LAW


PARTIC

IPATION

&

HU

MA

N RIG

HTS

PARTIC

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HU

MA

N RIG

HTS

HU

MA

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DEV

ELO

PMEN

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EVEL

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South Africa

Algeria

20122000

20122000

20122000

20122000

Angola

Libya



PARTIC

IPATION

&

HU

MA

N RIG

HTS

PARTIC

IPATION

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HU

MA

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HTS

HU

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2013 IIAG:Safety & Rule of Law

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 201240

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80


NATIONAL SECURITY

RULE OF LAW

PERSONAL SAFETY

ACCOUNTABILITY


Lisbon | May 2014

2013 IIAG: At Sub-Category Level

Since 2000, 11 out of the 14sub- categories have shown improvement

-8.1-2.6-1.4

+4.0

+4.4+4.2

+4.6+5.4+5.9

+0.8

Personal SafetyRule of LawRights


ParticipationWelfare

Public ManagementNational SecurityInfrastructure

Accountability

+6.7+7.9+9.0

+17.5

GenderRural SectorEducationHealth


Lisbon | May 2014

2013 IIAG: Indicator Level

+49.6+33.5+23.5

+20.2

+16.7+18.6

+16.6+15.4+15.2

+21.0

-3.6-4.0-4.8

-7.8

-9.0-8.9

-11.5-22.8-23.5

-6.3

Antiretroviral Treatment ProvisionRatio of External Debt Service to ExportsDigital Connectivity

Cross-Border Tensions

Immunisation (Measles & DPT)Legislation on Violence Against Women

Women in ParliamentPrimary School CompletionChild Mortality

Core International Human Rights Conventions

Human RightsFreedom of ExpressionViolent Crime

Human Trafficking

Transfers of PowerDomestic Armed Conflict

Soundness of BanksSafety of the PersonWorkers’ Rights

Social Unrest

Indicator Performance: 10 Biggest Improvements

Indicator Performance: 10 Worst Deteriorations


Lisbon | May 2014

Infrastructure Sub-category African Integrity Indicators

In practice, road/bridges networks between towns and cities exist and are maintained.

In practice, there is a functioning safety monitoring system for air transport.

In practice, there is a government policy/strategy to increase citizens access to the Web.

In practice, citizens access to the Web increased compared to the year before.

In practice, the Office of National Statistics (ONS) or equivalent collects and publishes statistics on infrastructure (rail lines, airports, water pipes, electric grid, telecommunications towers, etc.).

Electricity

Roads

Rail Network

Air Transport

Telephone & IT Infrastructure

Digital Connectivity

Economist Intelligence Unit

World Economic Forum

ITU

Public Management


Infrastructure

Rural Sector

4 sub-categories:

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30 indicators

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4 infrastructure variables

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1 variable on infrastructure data

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6 indicators (5 clustered):

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Sources:

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SEO Category

Sustainable Economic Opportunity Category


Lisbon | May 2014

SEO Category: General & Country Performance in 2013 IIAG

Top 10 improvers and 10 biggest deteriorations in SEO category

TOP 10 IMPROVERS

Rank / 52 Score / 100 Change since 2000

38 Liberia 39.1 +20.4

36 Angola 41.0 +17.1

1 Mauritius 79.7 +15.3

35 Sierra Leone 41.8 +14.4

8 Rwanda 64.0 +13.7

47 Congo, Democratic Rep. 28.3 +12.4

3 Seychelles 67.2 +11.8

33 Gabon 42.9 +11.1

44 Central African Republic 34.7 +11.0

42 Equatorial Guinea 36.5 +10.8

10 BIGGEST DETERIORATIONS/ LEAST IMPROVED


37 Libya 40.3 -8.9

49 Eritrea 28.2 -7.1

40 São Tomé & Príncipe 38.4 -2.9

24 Tanzania 49.7 -2.6

45 Guinea 33.5 -2.5

27 Algeria 47.9 -1.3

29 Madagascar 46.3 -0.6

52 Somalia 2.3 +1.1

51 Zimbabwe 25.5 +1.1

50 Comoros 27.4 +1.1

Top and Bottom 10 performers in SEO category

TOP 10 PERFORMERS


1 Mauritius 79.7 +15.3

2 Botswana 67.5 +4.4

3 Seychelles 67.2 +11.8

4 Tunisia 65.8 +1.7

5 South Africa 65.1 +5.8

6 Cape Verde 64.5 +10.4

7 Morocco 64.4 +9.8

8 Rwanda 64.0 +13.7

9 Namibia 63.6 +6.4

10 Egypt 60.8 +4.6

BOTTOM 10 PERFORMERS


52 Somalia 2.3 +1.1

51 Zimbabwe 25.5 +1.1

50 Comoros 27.4 +1.1

49 Eritrea 28.2 -7.1

48 Guinea-Bissau 28.3 +6.0

47 Congo, Democratic Rep. 28.3 +12.4

46 Chad 33.0 +3.1

45 Guinea 33.5 -2.5

44 Central African Republic 34.7 +11.0

43 Togo 35.4 +9.9

Lowest performing category with an African average score of 47.0 in 2012

2nd most improved category since 2000 with an African average change in score of +5.6

45/52 countries improved since 2000

All 4 sub-categories (Public Management, Business Environment, Infrastructure and Rural Sector) improved, on average, since 2000

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Lisbon | May 2014

SEO Category: Regional Performance in 2013 IIAG

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

NORTH AFRICA

SOUTHERN AFRICA

AFRICA

WEST AFRICA

EAST AFRICA

CENTRAL AFRICA

North Africa is the best performer, on average since 2000, but some deterioration is visible since 2010

In 2008, West Africa overtook East Africa

Central Africa has seen the most improvement since 2000 (+9.2)

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Lisbon | May 2014

SEO Category: African Average Indicator Performance in 2013 IIAG

TOP 10 PERFORMING INDICATORS IN 2012

2012

Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CountryData EIU) 85.0

Inflation (ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA) 82.2

Dialogue Between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD) 66.9

Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD) 66.0

Fiscal Policy (CPA AfDB, IRAI WB) 65.5

Budget Management (CPA AfDB, IRAI WB) 59.4

Revenue Collection (CPA AfDB, IRAI WB) 59.0

Public Administration (CPA AfDB, IRAI WB) 57.7

Agricultural Policy Costs (GCR WEF) 57.3

Statistical Capacity (BBSC WB) 57.2

BOTTOM 10 PERFORMING INDICATORS IN 2012

2012

Diversification (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA) 9.5

Rail Network (Commd EIU) 21.4

Reserves (CountryData EIU) 23.4

Digital Connectivity (ICT Database ITU) 27.5

Bureaucracy & Red Tape (Commd EIU) 28.5

Electricity (Commd EIU, GCR WEF) 29.2

Roads (Commd EIU, GCR WEF) 33.4

Telephone & IT Infrastructure (Commd EIU) 39.8

Agricultural Input & Produce Markets (PBAS IFAD) 43.0

Air Transport (Commd EIU, GCR WEF) 44.0

10 MOST IMPROVED INDICATORS SINCE 2000

Change since 2000

Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CountryData EIU) +33.5

Digital Connectivity (ICT Database ITU) +23.5

Policy & Legal Framework for Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD) +13.4

Customs Procedures (GCR WEF) +11.1

Dialogue Between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD) +10.8

Agricultural Research & Extension Services (PBAS IFAD) +9.6

Land & Water for Low Income Rural Populations (PBAS IFAD) +7.6

Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD) +7.2

Roads (Commd EIU, GCR WEF) +6.8

Fiscal Policy (CPA AfDB, IRAI WB) +6.3

10 MOST DETERIORATED/ LEAST IMPROVED INDICATORS SINCE 2000

Change since 2000

Soundness of Banks (GCR WEF) -11.5

Electricity (Commd EIU, GCR WEF) -3.2

Rail Network (Commd EIU) -1.2

Investment Climate (Index Econ Freedom HER-WSJ) -0.7

Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure (ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA) -0.2

Public Administration (CPA AfDB, IRAI WB) +0.3

Diversification (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA) +0.5

Bureaucracy & Red Tape (Commd EIU) +2.2

Competitive Environment (CPA AfDB, IRAI WB, BTI BS, Commd EIU) +2.5

Reserves (CountryData EIU) +2.7


Lisbon | May 2014

Using the IIAG at Country Level:2012 Scores & Ranks Country X

Score / 100Change since

2000Africa

average Rank / 52

OVERALL SCORE 66.8 +5.3 51.6 7 SAFETY & RULE OF LAW 70.8 -0.1 52.7 6 RULE OF LAW 81.0 +8.6 47.6 6 ACCOUNTABILITY 60.3 +0.3 41.5 8 PERSONAL SAFETY 52.5 -4.1 43.1 16 NATIONAL SECURITY 89.5 -5.1 78.4 16 PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS 68.1 +0.7 48.4 7 PARTICIPATION 68.7 -11.1 46.1 12 RIGHTS 77.1 +11.0 45.3 3 GENDER 58.6 +2.3 53.8 18 SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY 54.4 +4.1 47.0 13 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 58.0 +5.8 53.4 16 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 63.8 +9.0 49.1 10 INFRASTRUCTURE 34.1 -3.2 32.6 20 RURAL SECTOR 61.7 +4.8 53.8 15 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 74.0 +16.7 58.3 8 WELFARE 68.2 +16.3 51.6 9 EDUCATION 71.7 +15.2 52.9 6 HEALTH 82.0 +18.5 70.3 13


Lisbon | May 2014

HEALTH

Maternal Mortality (GHO WHO)

Child Mortality (CME IGME)

Immunisation (Measles & DPT)

Immunisation against Measles (WDI WB)

Immunisation against DPT (WDI WB)

Antiretroviral Treatment Provision

ART Provision (AIDSinfo UNAIDS)

ART Provision for Pregnant Women (AIDSinfo UNAIDS)

Disease (Malaria & TB)

Malaria (GHO WHO)

Tuberculosis (GHO WHO)

Undernourishment (WDI WB)

2000 2012 Change since 2000

63.5

59.0

62.5

87.7

89.2

86.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

87.9

89.9

85.9

83.7

82.0

74.7

71.8

90.2

90.4

90.0

62.2

49.5

74.9

93.1

90.6

95.6

100.0

+18.5

+15.7

+9.3

+2.5

+1.2

+3.8

+62.2

+49.5

+74.9

+5.3

+0.7

+9.8

+16.3

PARTICIPATION

Free & Fair Executive Elections (Commd IREEP)

Free & Fair Elections (BTI BS)

Political Participation (DemIndex EIU)

Electoral Self-Determination (CIRI CIRI)

Effective Power to Govern (BTI BS)


79.8

75.0

88.9

57.1

100.0

77.8

68.7

62.5

77.8

64.3

50.0

88.9

-11.1

-12.5

-11.1

+7.1

-50.0

+11.1

Drilling Down to Indicator Level


Lisbon | May 2014

PERSONAL SAFETY

Domestic Political Persecution

Physical Integrity Rights (CIRI CIRI)

Political Terror (PTS PTS)

Social Unrest (Commd EIU)

Safety of the Person (Commd EIU)

Reliability of Police Services (GCR WEF)

Violent Crime (Commd EIU)

Human Trafficking (TIP USDS)


56.6

68.8

62.5

75.0

50.0

50.0

45.7

75.0

50.0

52.5

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

65.0

50.0

50.0

-4.1

-18.8

-12.5

-25.0

0.0

0.0

+19.2

-25.0

0.0

NATIONAL SECURITY

Cross-Border Tensions (Commd EIU)

Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP/PRIO UCDP)

Domestic Armed Conflict (Commd EIU)

Political Refugees (Online Population Database UNHCR)

Internally Displaced People (Global Overview of Trends IDMC)


94.6

75.0

100.0

100.0

98.0

100.0

89.5

75.0

100.0

75.0

97.5

100.0

-5.1

0.0

0.0

-25.0

-0.5

0.0

Drilling Down to Indicator Level

2013 Ibrahim Index of African Goernance v (IIAG) · goods and services, and policy outcomes, in...

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