2013 History: Revolutions Written examination
Transcript of 2013 History: Revolutions Written examination
HISTORY: RevolutionsWritten examination
Friday 8 November 2013 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)
QUESTION BOOK
Structure of bookSection Number of
questionsNumber of questions
to be answeredNumber of
marks
A 3 3 40B 2 2 40
Total 80
• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.
• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orwhiteoutliquid/tape.
• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.
Materials supplied• Questionbookof19pages.• Answerbookof16pages.Additionalspaceisavailableattheendofeachsectionintheanswerbook
ifyouneedextrapapertocompleteananswer.
Instructions• Writeyourstudent number and your name inthespaceprovidedonthefrontcoveroftheanswer
book.• IndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionyouhavechosenforSectionAandtherevolutionyouhave
chosenforSectionB.Youmustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforbothsections.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.
At the end of the examination• Youmaykeepthisquestionbook.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2013
Victorian Certificate of Education 2013
2013HISTREVEXAM 2
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SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER
SECTION A – Revolution one
Instructions for Section AIndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionyouhavechosenforSectionAbyshadingtherelevantboxonpage2.AnswerallquestionsforthisrevolutioninSectionAoftheanswerbook.YoumustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforSectionAandSectionB.Writeusingblackorbluepen.
Revolution Page
America........................................................................................................................................................... 4
France..............................................................................................................................................................6
Russia.............................................................................................................................................................. 8
China.............................................................................................................................................................10
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SECTION A–continued
America
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – American Revolution 1763 to 1776
Question 1 (10marks)Usingthree or four points,explainhowtheideasofrepublicanismcontributedtothedevelopmentoftheAmericanRevolutionfrom1763uptoandincluding1776.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
Question 2 (10marks)Usingthree or fourpoints,explainhowtheactionsoftheBritishGovernmentfrom1763uptoandincluding1774contributedtoarevolutionarysituation.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
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SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER
Creating a new society – American Revolution 1776 to 1789
Question 3 (20marks)
Source:HowardChandlerChristy,Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States,1940,20ft×30ft; fromArt in the United States Capitol,Housedocumentno.94–660,UnitedStatesGovernmentPrintingOffice,
Washington,1978,p.162
a. Identifytwofeaturesoftherepresentationthatdepictunity. 2marks
b. Identify twowaysinwhichtherepresentationdepictsthesigningoftheConstitutionasahistoricevent. 2marks
c. Byreferringtopartsoftherepresentationandusingyourownknowledge,explainwhatledtotheratificationoftheConstitutionin1787. 6marks
d. Evaluatetowhatextentthisrepresentationprovidesanaccuratedepictionofthenewsociety. Inyourresponse,refertopartsoftherepresentationandtodifferentviewsoftheRevolution. 10marks
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SECTION A–continued
France
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – French Revolution 1781 to 4 August 1789
Question 1 (10marks)Usingthree or four points,explainhowfailedattemptstoreformcontributedtothedevelopmentoftheFrenchRevolutionfrom1781uptoandincluding4August1789.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
Question 2 (10marks)Usingthree or fourpoints,explainhowtheattackontheBastille(14July1789)contributedtoarevolutionarysituationuptoandincluding4August1789.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
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SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER
Creating a new society – French Revolution 5 August 1789 to 1795
Question 3 (20marks)
Source:JeanJosephFrançoisTassaert,The Arrest of Robespierre, The Night of the 9th to 10th Thermidor, Year II, 27th July 1794,
colouredengraving(afterFulcran-JeanHarriet);MuséeCarnavalet,Paris
a. Identifytwosocialgroupsthataredepictedintherepresentation. 2marks
b. Identifytwosymbolsofrevolutionaryidealsthataredepictedintherepresentation. 2marks
c. Byreferringtopartsoftherepresentationandusingyourownknowledge,explainwhatcontributedtothefallofRobespierreby1794. 6marks
d. Evaluatetowhatextentthisrepresentationisusefulinunderstandingthewayinwhichrevolutionaryleaderslostpowerfrom1791uptoandincluding1794.
Inyourresponse,refertopartsoftherepresentationandtodifferentviewsofthisperiodin theRevolution. 10marks
Photograph:G
iraudon/BridgemanArtLibrary
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SECTION A–continued
Russia
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Russian Revolution 1905 to October 1917
Question 1 (10marks)Usingthree or fourpoints,explainhowtheconditionsoftheRussianpeasantscontributedtothedevelopmentoftheRevolutioninRussiauptoandincludingOctober1917.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
Question 2 (10marks)Usingthree or fourpoints,explainhowLenin’s‘AprilTheses’contributedtoarevolutionarysituationinRussiafromApriluptoandincludingOctober1917.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
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SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
Creating a new society – Russian Revolution November 1917 to 1924
Question 3 (20 marks)
Source: Nikolai Kochergin, Long Live the Brotherhood of All the Peoples of the Caucasus, lithograph, 1921; from David King, Red Star Over Russia, Tate Publishing, London, 2009, p. 178
a. Identify two groups that are depicted in the representation. 2 marks
b. Identify two features that are depicted in the representation that suggest strength in the Russian Revolution after October 1917. 2 marks
c. By referring to parts of the representation and using your own knowledge, explain the extent to which the Revolution was supported by the Russian people from October 1917 up to and including 1924. 6 marks
d. Evaluate to what extent this representation provides an accurate depiction of the Revolution in Russia after October 1917.
In your response, refer to parts of the representation and to different views of the Revolution. 10 marks
Phot
ogra
ph: D
avid
Kin
g C
olle
ctio
n, L
ondo
n
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SECTION A–continued
China
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Chinese Revolution 1898 to 1949
Question 1 (10marks)Usingthree or fourpoints,explainhowtheWarlordEra,from1916uptoandincluding1928,contributedtoarevolutionarysituationinChina.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
Question 2 (10marks)Usingthree or fourpoints,explainhowtheLongMarchcontributedtothedevelopmentoftheChineseRevolution.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
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END OF SECTION ATURN OVER
Creating a new society – Chinese Revolution 1949 to 1976
Question 3 (20marks)
AChineserevolutionaryposterSource:artistunknown,November1968;publisher:Shanghairenminmeishuchubanshe;
StefanLandsbergerCollection,InternationalInstituteofSocialHistory(Amsterdam) Thelargewritingatthebottomofthepostersays,‘TherenegadetraitorandscabLiuShaoqimustforeverbeexpelledfromtheParty!’
ThecharactersthatarecrossedoutarethoseforLiuShaoqi’sname.
a. Identifytwogroupsthataredepictedintherepresentation. 2marks
b. IdentifytwowaysinwhichtheartistemphasisestherevolutionaryendeavourofthePartymembersintherepresentation. 2marks
c. Byreferringtopartsoftherepresentationandusingyourownknowledge,explainthepoliticalchallengesfacingtheChineseCommunistPartyby1968. 6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisrepresentationprovidesanaccuratedepictionofthechallengesfacingtheChineseCommunistPartyintheconsolidationofthenewsociety.
Inyourresponse,refertopartsoftherepresentationandtodifferentviewsoftheRevolution. 10marks
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SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER
SECTION B – Revolution two
Instructions for Section BIndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionyouhavechosenforSectionBbyshadingtherelevantboxonpage9.AnswerallquestionsforthisrevolutioninSectionBoftheanswerbook.YoumustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforSectionAandSectionB.Writeusingblackorbluepen.
Revolution Page
America.........................................................................................................................................................14
France............................................................................................................................................................16
Russia............................................................................................................................................................18
China.............................................................................................................................................................19
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SECTION B–continued
America
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – American Revolution 1763 to 1776
Question 1 (20marks)DigitallyreproducedbypermissionofthepublishersfromThe Adams Papers: Diary and Autobiography of John Adams: Volume 2, Diary 1771–1781,editedbyLHButterfield,LeonardC.FaberandWendellDGarrett,pp.85–86,Cambridge,Mass.,TheBelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,©1961bytheMassachusettsHistoricalSociety;Allrightsreserved
17 December l773LastNight3CargoesofBoheaTeawereemptiedintotheSea.ThisMorningaManofWarsails.ThisisthemostmagnificentMovementofall.ThereisaDignity,aMajesty,aSublimity1,inthislastEffortofthePatriots,thatIgreatlyadmire.ThePeopleshouldneverrise,withoutdoingsomethingtoberemembered–somethingnotableAndstriking.ThisDestructionoftheTeaissobold,sodaring,sofirm,intrepid2andinflexible,anditmusthavesoimportantConsequences,andsolasting,thatIcantbutconsideritasanEpocha3inHistory.ThishoweverisbutanAttackuponProperty.AnothersimilarExertionofpopularPower,mayproducethedestructionofLives.ManyPersonswish,thatasmanydeadCarcasses4werefloatingintheHarbour,asthereareChestsofTea:–amuchlessNumberofLiveshoweverwouldremovetheCausesofallourCalamities5.…WhatMeasureswilltheMinistrytake,inConsequenceofthis?–Willtheyresentit?willtheydaretoresentit?willtheypunishUs?How?Byquartering6TroopsuponUs?–byannulling7ourCharter?–bylayingonmoreduties?ByrestrainingourTrade?BySacrificeofIndividuals,orhow.TheQuestioniswhethertheDestructionofthisTeawasnecessary?Iapprehend8itwasabsolutelyandindispensablyso.–Theycouldnotsenditback…ThentherewasnootherAlternativebuttodestroyitorletitbelanded.Toletitbelanded,wouldbegivingupthePrincipleofTaxationbyParliamentaryAuthority,againstwhichtheContinenthavestruggledfor10years,itwasloosing[sic]allourlabourfor10yearsandsubjectingourselvesandourPosterity9forevertoEgyptianTaskmasters–toBurthens10,Indignities,toIgnominy11,ReproachandContempt,toDesolationandOppression,toPovertyandServitude.1sublimity–grandeur2intrepid–brave3epocha–era4carcasses –bodies5calamities –problems6quartering –havingtroopslivewiththem
7annulling–cancelling8apprehend–understand9posterity–futuregenerations10burthens–burdens11ignominy –dishonour
a. IdentifytwodescriptionsoftheBostonTeaPartythataregivenbyAdams. 2marks
b. IdentifytwolikelymeasuresthatarestatedintheextractbywhichtheMinistrywillpunishthecolonists. 2marks
c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explaintheconsequencesoftheBostonTeaParty. 6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisextractprovidesanaccuratereflectionofthecauseoftheAmericanRevolution.
Inyourresponse,quotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsofthecausesoftheAmericanRevolution. 10marks
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SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER
Creating a new society – American Revolution 1776 to 1789
Question 2 – Essay response (20marks)SomehistoriansstatethattheAmericanRevolutioncreatedvastanddeepchanges.Towhatextentisthistrueofthenewsociety?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
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SECTION B–continued
France
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – French Revolution 1781 to 4 August 1789
Question 1 (20marks)GaetanoSalvemini,The French Revolution 1788–1792,IMRawson(trans.),JonathanCape,London,1969,pp.55and56
AnotherfactorofimportanceatthistimewastherevoltoftheAmericancoloniesagainstEngland (1775–81),whichhadanimmenseinfluenceuponFrenchpoliticalthought.Anewsocietywasrisingbeyondtheseas,rebellingagainsttraditionsinheritedfromthepastandclaimingarighttogovernitselfaccordingtothedictatesofreasonratherthanthecapricious1willofdespots.Itwasatriumphforeighteenth-century‘enlightenment’.WhentheFrenchGovernmentintervenedontheinsurgents’2side,thepopularityofAmericanideasinFrancebecameunbounded.BenjaminFranklin,whocametoParisin1777asAmericanambassador,hadanenthusiasticreception.Thecapitalwasfloodedwithportraitsandbustsofhim…ManyFrenchofficerswhohadfoughtwiththeinsurgents–mostfamousamongthembeingtheMarquisdeLafayette–returnedhomedesirousofutilizingintheirowncountrythestirringexperiencesofAmerica.Forthenobles,highprelates3andladies,philosophyandsociologywereaninnocentpastime:theyplayedatrevolution.‘Liberty’,theComtedeSégurwrotelater,‘delightedusbyitsdaring,andequalitybyitsagreeableness…Andalthoughourownprivilegesandtheremainsofourformerpowerwerebeingunderminedbeneathourfeet,wewerenotalarmed,becauseasyetwedidnotfeeltheimpactoftheblowsdirectedatus.Weneverdreamedthatthiswordywarfaremightthreatentheexaltedlifethatwasoursandthatforsomanycenturieswehadregardedasunassailable4.’Butsosoonastheirrealinterestsappearedaffectedbythefirsttimidreforms,the‘democratic’ladiesandtheir‘patriotic’cavaliers5grewresentful,andtheirfoolishresistanceprovokedarevolutioninearnest.1capricious –unpredictable2insurgents–revolutionaries3high prelates–high-rankingmembersoftheclergy4unassailable–cannotbeattacked5cavaliers –courtlygentlemen
a. IdentifytwopastimesofFrenchnobles,statedintheextract,thatweremadepopularbytheAmericanWarofIndependence. 2marks
b. IdentifytwoFrenchnobles,statedintheextract,whosupportedtheideasfromtheAmericanRevolution. 2marks
c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explainthecircumstancesinFrancethatmadeideasfromtheAmericanRevolutionappealtoFrenchmenuptoandincluding4August1789. 6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisextractprovidesacompletedepictionofthecircumstancesthatcausedtheFrenchRevolution.
Inyourresponse,quotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsofthecausesoftheFrenchRevolution. 10marks
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SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER
Creating a new society – French Revolution 5 August 1789 to 1795
Question 2 – Essay response (20marks)TheFrenchRevolutionhasbeendescribedasinspiring,appallingandineverysenseatragedy.Whatisyourview?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
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SECTION B–continued
Russia
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Russian Revolution 1905 to October 1917
Question 1 (20marks)OrlandoFigesandBorisKolonitskii,Interpreting the Russian Revolution: The Language and Symbols of 1917,YaleUniversityPress,NewHaven,1999,p.127
Duetocopyrightrestriction, thismaterialisnotsupplied.
1nascent–beginningtodevelop
a. IdentifytwoaimsoftheProvisionalGovernmentthatarestatedintheextract. 2marks
b. Identifytwocivicdutiesofthepeasantsthatarestatedintheextract. 2marks
c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explainhowtheProvisionalGovernmentintendedtoleadRussia. 6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisextractpresentsacompletedepictionofthetaskfacingtheProvisionalGovernment.
Inyourresponse,quotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheRussianRevolution. 10marks
Creating a new society – Russian Revolution November 1917 to 1924
Question 2 – Essay response(20marks)HowsuccessfulwastheRussianRevolutioninliberatingtheRussianpeopleandimprovingtheirlivingconditionsfromNovember1917to1924?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
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China
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Chinese Revolution 1898 to 1949
Question 1 (20marks)BruceAElleman,Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795–1989,Routledge,London,2001,pp.142–144
TherevolutionariespoorlyplannedandbadlyexecutedtheWuchangUprising;onlytheManchuofficials’ineffectiveresponseallowedittosucceedatall…Rumorsofapossibleuprisingon6OctobercirculatedintheWuchangpress,sotheleaderspostponedtheuprisinguntillateOctober.However,whenabombaccidentallyexplodedon9Octoberattherevolutionaries’headquartersintheRussianconcessioninHankou,thepoliceconfiscatedalistof members.AlarmedatthelargenumberofNewArmysoldiersonthelist,thepolicebeganroundingup allpossiblesuspects.Facedwithalmostcertainarrest,theNewArmyofficershadlittlechoicebuttostrike immediately.…ThesuccessoftheWuchangUprisingwasasimportantsymbolicallyasitwasmilitarily.Forthefirsttimeinhalfacentury,apredominantlyHanChinesemilitaryforcehaddefeatedtroopsloyaltotheManchuCourt……ThenationalresponsetotheWuchangUprisingwasrapid.AccordingtoHsu,within“amonthandahalf,fifteenprovinces,ortwo-thirdsofallChina,secededfromtheQingdynasty.”Theanti-Manchugroupssooncontrolledmanyofthesouthernregions—includingGuangdong,Yunnan,andSichuan—andthecitiesofChangshaandShanghai…OnlyaftertheimpactoftheWuchangUprisinghadspreadthroughoutmostofChinadidtheconstitutionalistsstepintotakeover.SunZhongshanreturnedtoChinainlateDecember,arrivinginShanghaijustintimetobelatedlyjointherevolutionarymovementandtobeelectedprovisionalpresidentoftheRepublicofChina.
a. IdentifytwoeventsfromtheextractthatledtothebeginningoftheWuchangUprising. 2marks
b. Identifytwogroups,statedintheextract,thatwereinvolvedintheWuchangUprising. 2marks
c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explainhowtheWuchangUprisingcontributedtotheRevolutioninChinain1911. 6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisextractpresentsacompletedepictionofthecircumstancesthatledtothecollapseoftheQingDynastyin1911.
Inyourresponse,quotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheChineseRevolution. 10marks
Creating a new society – Chinese Revolution 1949 to 1976
Question 2 – Essay response(20marks)HowsuccessfulwastheChineseCommunistPartyinachievingitsgoalsofliberatingandimprovingthelivelihoodofthePeople’sRepublicofChinabetween1949and1976?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
END OF QUESTION BOOK